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Ruchi V, Nayanjeet C, Kalra P, Nair NS, Prabhakar B. Effects of almond consumption compared with the consumption of traditional isocaloric cereal/pulse-based snacks on glycaemic control and gut health in adults with pre-diabetes in rural India: protocol for a 16-week, parallel-arm, cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076934. [PMID: 38960469 PMCID: PMC11227759 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Almonds have prebiotic potential to maintain gut health and regulate glycaemia. Western studies have shown their positive effects on preventing non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, there is a lack of research involving Asian Indians, who have a higher predisposition to diabetes due to their unique 'Asian phenotype'. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the impact of almond supplementation on glycaemic control and gut health in adults with pre-diabetes in rural India through a randomised clinical trial. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A parallel cluster randomised controlled trial with 178 participants with pre-diabetes (assigned 1:1) aged 20-50 years, of both genders, with a body mass index of 18.9-25 kg/m2, will be conducted in rural areas of Chikkaballapur, Kolar and Rural Bangalore districts in India. The intervention group will receive 56 g of almonds as mid-morning snacks for 16 weeks, while the control group will receive cereal/pulse-based traditional isocaloric snacks under the closed supervision of the study investigators. The primary outcome of the study is HbA1c measured at the 16th week. The secondary outcomes-anthropometry, clinical and other biochemical parameters-will be measured at 0th, 8th and 16th weeks, and a subgroup of 120 participants will undergo gut health analysis. Glucagon-like peptide 1 analysis will be conducted on 30 participants at 0th and 16th weeks. Statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS for Windows V.27.0, and both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be conducted. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee at Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India (DRPEFP7672021). We will obtain the informed written consent of the participants prior to screening and enrolling them in the study. Results from this trial will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and scientific gatherings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2023/03/050421).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidya Ruchi
- Ramaiah International Centre for Public Health Innovations, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaudhury Nayanjeet
- Ramaiah International Centre for Public Health Innovations, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramila Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Bellur Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Ophthalmology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Riegelman E, Xue KS, Wang JS, Tang L. Gut-Brain Axis in Focus: Polyphenols, Microbiota, and Their Influence on α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:2041. [PMID: 38999791 PMCID: PMC11243524 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
With the recognition of the importance of the gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease (PD) etiology, there is increased interest in developing therapeutic strategies that target α-synuclein, the hallmark abhorrent protein of PD pathogenesis, which may originate in the gut. Research has demonstrated that inhibiting the aggregation, oligomerization, and fibrillation of α-synuclein are key strategies for disease modification. Polyphenols, which are rich in fruits and vegetables, are drawing attention for their potential role in this context. In this paper, we reviewed how polyphenols influence the composition and functional capabilities of the gut microbiota and how the resulting microbial metabolites of polyphenols may potentially enhance the modulation of α-synuclein aggregation. Understanding the interaction between polyphenols and gut microbiota and identifying which specific microbes may enhance the efficacy of polyphenols is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies and precision nutrition based on the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Riegelman
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kathy S Xue
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Chahibakhsh N, Rafieipour N, Rahimi H, RajabiNezhad S, Momeni SA, Motamedi A, Malekzadeh J, Islam MS, Mohammadi-Sartang M. Almond supplementation on appetite measures, body weight, and body composition in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 37 randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13711. [PMID: 38351580 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Almond consumption has an inverse relationship with obesity and factors related to metabolic syndrome. However, the results of available clinical trials are inconsistent. Therefore, we analyzed the results of 37 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and evaluated the association of almond consumption with subjective appetite scores and body compositions. METHODS Net changes in bodyweight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), body fat percent, fat-free mass (FFM), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subjective appetite scores were used to calculate the effect size, which was reported as a weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS This meta-analysis was performed on 37 RCTs with 43 treatment arms. The certainty in the evidence was very low for appetite indices, body fat percent, FFM, VAT, and WHR, and moderate for other parameters as assessed by the GRADE evidence profiles. Pooled effect sizes indicated a significant reducing effect of almond consumption on body weight (WMD: -0.45 kg, 95% CI: -0.85, -0.05, p = 0.026), WC (WMD: -0.66 cm, 95% CI: -1.27, -0.04, p = 0.037), FM (WMD: -0.66 kg, 95% CI: -1.16, -0.17, p = 0.009), and hunger score (WMD: -1.15 mm, 95% CI: -1.98, -0.32, p = 0.006) compared with the control group. However, almond did not have a significant effect on BMI (WMD: -0.20 kg m-2, 95% CI: -0.46, 0.05, p = 0.122), body fat percent (WMD: -0.39%, 95% CI: -0.93, 0.14, p = 0.154), FFM (WMD: -0.06, 95% CI: -0.47, 0.34, p = 0.748), WHR (WMD: -0.04, 95% CI: -0.12, 0.02, p = 0.203), VAT (WMD: -0.33 cm, 95% CI: -0.99, 0.32), fullness (WMD: 0.46 mm, 95% CI: -0.95, 1.88), desire to eat (WMD: 0.98 mm, 95% CI: -4.13, 2.23), and prospective food consumption (WMD: 1.08 mm, 95% CI: -2.11, 4.28). Subgroup analyses indicated that consumption of ≥50 g almonds per day resulted in a significant and more favorable improvement in bodyweight, WC, FM, and hunger score. Body weight, WC, FM, body fat percent, and hunger scores were decreased significantly in the trials that lasted for ≥12 weeks and in the subjects with a BMI < 30 kg/m2. Furthermore, a significant reduction in body weight and WC was observed in those trials that used a nut-free diet as a control group, but not in those using snacks and other nuts. The results of our analysis suggest that almond consumption may significantly improve body composition indices and hunger scores when consumed at a dose of ≥50 g/day for ≥12 weeks by individuals with a BMI < 30 kg/m2. CONCLUSION However, further well-constructed randomized clinical trials are needed in order ascertain the outcome of our analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Chahibakhsh
- Department of Industrial Food Engineering, Basic Science Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | | | - Homan Rahimi
- School of Medical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepideh RajabiNezhad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Motamedi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Janmohamad Malekzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi-Sartang
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Martínez-Ortega IA, Mesas AE, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Garrido-Miguel M, Jiménez-López E, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Fernández-Rodríguez R. Can different types of tree nuts and peanuts induce varied effects on specific blood lipid parameters? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-15. [PMID: 38153311 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2296559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Tree nuts and peanuts have shown cardioprotective effects through the modulation of blood lipid levels. Despite the abundance of scientific evidence available, it remains uncertain whether the type of nut consumed influences these changes. The objective of this study was to evaluate and rank the effects of six types of nuts on total cholesterol (total-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) levels through a systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA), and the estimation of SUCRA values. A total of 76 RCTs were ultimately analyzed. The total c for pistachios, almond, and walnuts; LDL-c for cashews, walnuts, and almond; and TG for hazelnuts and walnuts significantly decreased, while only peanuts exhibited a significant increase in HDL-c levels. According to the rankings, the most effective type of nut for reducing total cholesterol was pistachio, cashew for LDL-c, hazelnut for TG, and peanut for increasing HDL-c levels. It should be noted that every type of nut analyzed exhibited a significant positive impact on some parameters, and specific types demonstrated enhanced advantages for particular blood lipids. These results endorse the use of personalized nutritional strategies to address and prevent dyslipidemia.Registration: PROSPERO database CRD42021270779.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca, Spain
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Mohammadifard N, Alavi Tabatabaei G, Haghighatdoost F, Zarepur E, Nouri F, Javanbakht S, Nouhi F, Alikhasi H, Kazemi T, Azdaki N, Salehi N, Solati K, Lotfizadeh M, Ghaffari S, Javanmardi E, Salari A, Dehghani M, Cheraghi M, Assareh A, Haybar H, Namayandeh SM, Madadi R, Sarrafzadegan N. The relationship between nut consumption and premature coronary artery disease in a representative sample of Iranians: Iran-premature coronary artery disease (IPAD) study. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2771-2779. [PMID: 37927082 PMCID: PMC10755431 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023002392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cardioprotective effects of nuts are well established. However, the positive impacts of nuts in preventing CVD at a younger age, a condition known as premature coronary artery disease (PCAD), is still debated. Therefore, we aim to determine the association between nuts and PCAD occurrence and its severity in different Iranian ethnicities. DESIGN This case-control study was conducted within the framework of the Iran-premature coronary artery disease (I-PAD) study, an ongoing multi-centric study on Iranian patients of different ethnicities. SETTING This multi-centric case-control study was conducted in among 3253 persons under the age of 70 years in women and 60 years in men from different ethnicities in Iran. PARTICIPANTS Information on nut consumption was collected using a validated FFQ. Subjects were selected from among the candidates for angiography. Cases were those whose coronary angiography showed stenosis of more than 75 % in at least one vessel or more than 50 % of the left main artery, while the control group participants had normal angiography results. RESULTS In the crude model, compared to the first quartile, the highest quartile of nut consumption was significantly associated with a lower risk of PCAD (OR = 0·26, 95 % CI (0·21, 0·32); Pfor trend = 0·001). In the top quartile of nut intake, a substantial decrease in PCAD was observed after controlling for putative confounders (OR = 0·32; 95 % CI (0·24, 0·43); Pfor trend = 0·001). Additionally, a 75 % decrease in the risk of severe PCAD was observed in the participants in the highest quartile of nut intake. CONCLUSION A significant inverse association was observed between nut intake and the risk and severity of PCAD in the Iranian population. Large-scale clinical trials are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Mohammadifard
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ghazaal Alavi Tabatabaei
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zarepur
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Medicine School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahel Javanbakht
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereidoon Nouhi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran & President of Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research (INCVR)
- Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research
| | - Hassan Alikhasi
- Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tooba Kazemi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nahid Azdaki
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nahid Salehi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamal Solati
- Department of Psychiatry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Masoud Lotfizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran & Member of the INCVR
| | - Elmira Javanmardi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Iran
| | - Arsalan Salari
- Department of Cardiology, Healthy Heart Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mostafa Dehghani
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Cheraghi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Assareh
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran & Member of the INCVR
| | - Habib Haybar
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran & Member of the INCVR
| | | | - Reza Madadi
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Gravesteijn E, Mensink RP, Plat J. The effects of long-term almond consumption on whole-body insulin sensitivity, postprandial glucose responses, and 48 h continuous glucose concentrations in males and females with prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2661-2672. [PMID: 37258943 PMCID: PMC10421771 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Findings concerning the effects of almond consumption on glucose metabolism are inconsistent which might relate to body weight gain. The effects of long-term almond consumption on glucose metabolism are investigated in a free-living setting without detailed dietary instructions in males and females with overweight/obesity and prediabetes. METHODS Forty-three participants volunteered in this randomized, cross-over trial with a 5-months control and intervention period and a 2-months wash-out. In the intervention period participants daily consumed 50 g whole almonds. At the end of both periods insulin sensitivity was assessed by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, and postprandial glucose responses, and 48 h continuous glucose concentrations were measured. RESULTS Almond consumption significantly decreased insulin sensitivity (P = 0.002), and increased postprandial glucose concentrations (P = 0.019), as well as fasting insulin concentrations (P = 0.003) as compared to the control period. The AUCs for 24 h glucose concentrations were not significantly different between control and intervention (P = 0.066). Almond consumption also significantly increased BMI (P = 0.002), and waist circumference (P = 0.013), supported by the concurrent increased energy intake (P = 0.031). The effects on glucose metabolism could only partly be explained by the observed weight gain as the almond effect remained after correcting for BMI changes. CONCLUSIONS In participants with prediabetes, long-term almond consumption showed adverse effects on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. As almonds seemed not to have fully replaced other food items, it might be necessary to provide more supporting guidelines on how to incorporate energy-dense nuts into healthy diets to prevent type 2 diabetes development. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This clinical trial was registered in February 2018 as NCT03419702.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elske Gravesteijn
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Vaidya R, Chaudhury N, Kalra P, Nair S, Prabhakar BS. Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial for 16 weeks to assess the effect of almond consumption on glycemic control and gut health in prediabetes adults in rural settings of India.. [DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.21.23291579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTIntroductionAlmonds have prebiotic potential to maintain gut health and regulate glycemia. Western studies have shown their positive effects in preventing non-communicable diseases like diabetes and CVDs. However, there is a lack of well-designed studies involving Asian Indians, who have a higher predisposition to diabetes due to their unique ‘Asian phenotype’. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the impact of almond supplementation on glycemic control and gut health in prediabetic adults in rural India through a randomized clinical trial.Methods and AnalysisA parallel cluster randomized controlled trial with 178 prediabetic participants aged 20-50, both genders, with a BMI of 18.9-25 kg/m2, will be conducted in rural areas of Chikkaballapur, Kolar, and rural Bangalore districts in India. The intervention group will receive 56g of almonds as mid-morning snacks for 16 weeks, while the control group will receive cereal pulse based traditional isocaloric snacks under the closed supervision of the study investigators. Anthropometry, clinical, and biochemical parameters will be measured at 0, 8th, and 16th weeks, and a subgroup of 120 participants will undergo gut health analysis. GLP 1 analysis will be conducted on 30 participants at 0 and 16th week. Statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS for Windows V 27.0, and both ITT and per-protocol analyses will be conducted.Ethics and DisseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee at Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India (DRPEFP7672021). Results from this trial will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals, national and international presentations.Trial Registration NumberThe trial is registered in the clinical trial registry of India (CTRI/2023/03/050421).ARTICLE SUMMARYStrengths and Limitations:-The study is the first field-based trial in rural settings to assess the effect of almond consumption versus traditional cereal pulse-based snacks on prediabetes adults’ glycemic control and gut health.-The compliance management is crucially designed by performing an intervention on one-to-one closed supervision, assessment of serum tocopherol levels, and regular follow up of any adverse events.-The upcoming metagenomic analysis and the gut metabolites like short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and GLP 1 will significantly advance our understanding of the impact of almonds on the gut health of prediabetes adults.-A potential limitation of the study is that it will not be feasible to follow the participants after the post intervention period.
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Wei Y, Li Y, Wang S, Xiang Z, Li X, Wang Q, Dong W, Gao P, Dai L. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Armeniacae semen Amarum: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116265. [PMID: 36806484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu Maxim., Ku xingren, bitter almond, ASA) is an important medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It is widely used because of its remarkable curative effect in relieving cough and asthma, moistening intestines and defecating. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to enlighten the deeper knowledge about ASA, giving a comprehensive overview of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology for future investigation of plant-based drugs and therapeutic applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS The databases used are Web of Science, PubMed, Baidu academic, Google academic, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP . In addition, detailed information on ASA was obtained from relevant monographs such as Chinese Pharmacopoeia. RESULTS The active components of ASA mainly include amygdalin, bitter almond oil, essential oil, protein, vitamin, trace elements and carbohydrates. The pharmacological studies have shown that ASA has beneficial effects such as antitussive, antiasthmatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antitumour, cardioprotective, antifibrotic, immune regulatory, bowel relaxation, insecticidal, etc. CONCLUSIONS: Many reports have been published on ASA's various active ingredients and biological uses. However, only a few reviews on its phytoconstituents and pharmacological uses. In addition, the exploration and development of ASA in other fields also deserve more attention in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China; College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China; College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Shengguang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Zedong Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China; College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China; College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Qingquan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China; College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Weichao Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China; College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Long Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
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Petakh P, Lohoida A, Kamyshnyi A. Almond Consumption and Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Need for Further Investigation. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:583. [PMID: 37019431 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Rajaram S, Damasceno NRT, Braga RAM, Martinez R, Kris-Etherton P, Sala-Vila A. Effect of Nuts on Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051099. [PMID: 36904099 PMCID: PMC10005658 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are mediators in the pathophysiology of several non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Tree nuts and peanuts lower risk factors of cardiometabolic disease, including blood lipids, blood pressure and insulin resistance, among others. Given their strong antioxidant/anti-inflammatory potential, it is plausible that nuts may also exert a favorable effect on inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest a modest protective effect of total nuts; however, the evidence is inconsistent for specific nut types. In this narrative review, the state of evidence to date is summarized for the effect of nut intake on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and an attempt is made to define the gaps in research while providing a framework for future research. Overall, it appears that some nuts, such as almonds and walnuts, may favorably modify inflammation, and others, such as Brazil nuts, may favorably influence oxidative stress. There is a pressing need for large RCTs with an adequate sample size that consider different nut types, and the dose and duration of nut intervention, while evaluating a robust set of biomarkers for inflammation and oxidative stress. Building a stronger evidence base is important, especially since oxidative stress and inflammation are mediators of many NCDs and can benefit both personalized and public health nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Rajaram
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-909-558-4500 (ext. 47228)
| | | | | | - Raquel Martinez
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Penny Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Group, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Arnesen EK, Thorisdottir B, Bärebring L, Söderlund F, Nwaru BI, Spielau U, Dierkes J, Ramel A, Lamberg-Allardt C, Åkesson A. Nuts and seeds consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and their risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:8961. [PMID: 36816545 PMCID: PMC9930735 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.8961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to systematically review studies and evaluate the strength of the evidence on nuts/seeds consumption and cardiometabolic diseases and their risk factors among adults. Methods A protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021270554). We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus up to September 20, 2021 for prospective cohort studies and ≥12-week randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Main outcomes were cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and type 2 diabetes (T2D), secondary total-/low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, blood pressure and glycaemic markers. Data extraction and risk of bias (RoB) assessments (using RoB 2.0 and RoB-NObS) were performed in duplicate. Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses and expressed as relative risk (RR) or weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI); heterogeneity quantified as I 2. One-stage dose-response analyses assessed the linear and non-linear associations with CVD, CHD, stroke and T2D. The strength of evidence was classified per the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Results After screening 23,244 references, we included 42 papers from cohort studies (28 unique cohorts, 1,890,573 participants) and 18 RCTs (2,266 participants). In the cohorts, mainly populations with low consumption, high versus low total nuts/seeds consumption was inversely associated with total CVD (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.75, 0.86; I 2 = 67%), CVD mortality (0.77; 0.72, 0.82; I 2 = 59.3%), CHD (0.82; 0.76, 0.89; I 2 = 64%), CHD mortality (0.75; 0.65, 0.87; I 2 = 66.9%) and non-fatal CHD (0.85; 0.75, 0.96; I 2 = 62.2%). According to the non-linear dose-response analyses, consumption of 30 g/day of total nuts/seeds was associated with RRs of similar magnitude. For stroke and T2D the summary RR for high versus low intake was 0.91 (95% CI 0.85, 0.97; I 2 = 24.8%) and 0.95 (0.75, 1.21; I 2 = 82.2%). Intake of nuts (median ~50 g/day) lowered total (-0.15 mmol/L; -0.22, -0.08; I 2 = 31.2%) and LDL-cholesterol (-0.13 mmol/L; -0.21, -0.05; I 2 = 68.6%), but not blood pressure. Findings on fasting glucose, HbA1c and insulin resistance were conflicting. The results were robust to sensitivity and subgroup analyses. We rated the associations between nuts/seeds and both CVD and CHD as probable. There was limited but suggestive evidence for no association with stroke. No conclusion could be made for T2D. Conclusion There is a probable relationship between consumption of nuts/seeds and lower risk of CVD, mostly driven by CHD, possibly in part through effects on blood lipids. More research on stroke and T2D may affect the conclusions. The evidence of specific nuts should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kristoffer Arnesen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Erik Kristoffer Arnesen, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, Box 1046 Blindern, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Linnea Bärebring
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Söderlund
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bright I. Nwaru
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrike Spielau
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jutta Dierkes
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alfons Ramel
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Agneta Åkesson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Gayathri R, Abirami K, Kalpana N, Manasa VS, Sudha V, Shobana S, Jeevan RG, Kavitha V, Parkavi K, Anjana RM, Unnikrishnan R, Gokulakrishnan K, Beatrice DA, Krishnaswamy K, Pradeepa R, Mattes RD, Salas-Salvadó J, Willett W, Mohan V. Effect of almond consumption on insulin sensitivity and serum lipids among Asian Indian adults with overweight and obesity- A randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1055923. [PMID: 36704786 PMCID: PMC9873375 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1055923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asian Indians have an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and premature coronary artery disease. Nuts, like almonds, are rich in unsaturated fat and micronutrients with known health benefits. Objectives This study aimed to assess the efficacy of almonds for reduction of insulin resistance and improving lipid profile in overweight Asian Indian adults. Methods This parallel-arm, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in Chennai, India on 400 participants aged 25-65 years with a body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2. The intervention group received 43 g of almonds/day for 12 weeks, while the control group was advised to consume a customary diet but to avoid nuts. Anthropometric, clinical, and dietary data were assessed at periodic intervals. Glucose tolerance, serum insulin, glycated hemoglobin, C-peptide and lipid profile were assessed at baseline and end of the study. Insulin resistance (homeostasis assessment model-HOMA IR) and oral insulin disposition index (DIo) were calculated. Results A total of 352 participants completed the study. Significant improvement was seen in DIo [mean (95% CI) = + 0.7 mmol/L (0.1, 1.3); p = 0.03], HOMA IR (-0.4 (-0.7, -0.04; p = 0.03) and total cholesterol (-5.4 mg/dl (-10.2, -0.6); p = 0.03) in the intervention group compared to the control group. Incremental area under the curve (IAUC) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) assessed using continuous glucose monitoring systems were also significantly lower in the intervention group. Dietary 24-h recalls showed a higher significant reduction in carbohydrate and increase in mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake in the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusion Daily consumption of almonds increased the intake of MUFA with decrease in carbohydrate calories and decreases insulin resistance, improves insulin sensitivity and lowers serum cholesterol in Asian Indians with overweight/obesity. These effects in the long run could aid in reducing the risk of diabetes and other cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajagopal Gayathri
- Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuzhandhaivelu Abirami
- Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natarajan Kalpana
- Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Valangaiman Sriram Manasa
- Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasudevan Sudha
- Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugam Shobana
- Department of Diabetes Food Technology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raman Ganesh Jeevan
- Department of Diabetes Food Technology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasudevan Kavitha
- Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Parkavi
- Department of Diabetes Food Technology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Unnikrishnan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuppan Gokulakrishnan
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - D. Annette Beatrice
- Department of Home Science, Women’s Christian College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamala Krishnaswamy
- Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Department of Research Operations, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Richard D. Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Walter Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,*Correspondence: Viswanathan Mohan, , www.drmohansdiabetes.com
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Nieman DC, Omar AM, Kay CD, Kasote DM, Sakaguchi CA, Lkhagva A, Weldemariam MM, Zhang Q. Almond intake alters the acute plasma dihydroxy-octadecenoic acid (DiHOME) response to eccentric exercise. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1042719. [PMID: 36698469 PMCID: PMC9868138 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1042719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This investigation determined if 4-weeks ingestion of nutrient-dense almonds mitigated post-exercise inflammation and muscle soreness and damage. Methods An acute 90-min of eccentric exercise (90-EE) was used to induce muscle damage in 64 non-obese adults not engaging in regular resistance training (ages 30-65 years, BMI < 30 kg/m2). Using a parallel group design, participants were randomized to almond (AL) (57 g/d) or cereal bar (CB) (calorie matched) treatment groups for a 4-week period prior to the 90-EE (17 exercises). Blood and 24-h urine samples were collected before and after supplementation, with additional blood samples collected immediately post-90-EE, and then daily during 4 additional days of recovery. Changes in plasma oxylipins, urinary gut-derived phenolics, plasma cytokines, muscle damage biomarkers, mood states, and exercise performance were assessed. Results The 90-EE protocol induced significant muscle damage, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), inflammation, reduced strength and power performance, and mood disturbance. Interaction effects (2 group × 7 time points) supported that AL vs. CB was associated with reduced post-exercise fatigue and tension (p = 0.051, 0.033, respectively) and higher levels of leg-back strength (p = 0.029). No group differences were found for post-90-EE increases in DOMS and six cytokines. AL was associated with lower levels of serum creatine kinase immediately- and 1-day post-exercise (p = 0.034 and 0.013, respectively). The 90-EE bout increased plasma levels immediately post-exercise for 13 oxylipins. Interaction effects revealed significantly higher levels for AL vs. CB for 12,13-DiHOME (p < 0.001) and lower levels for 9,10-DiHOME (p < 0.001). Urine levels increased in AL vs. CB for seven gut-derived phenolics including 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone that was inversely related to changes in plasma 9,10-DiHOME (r = -0.029, p = 0.021). Discussion These data support some positive effects of almond intake in improving mood state, retaining strength, decreasing muscle damage, increasing the generation of gut-derived phenolic metabolites, and altering the plasma oxylipin DiHOME response to unaccustomed eccentric exercise in untrained adults. The elevated post-exercise plasma levels of 12,13-DiHOME with almond intake support positive metabolic outcomes for adults engaging in unaccustomed eccentric exercise bouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States,*Correspondence: David C. Nieman,
| | - Ashraf M. Omar
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Colin D. Kay
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Deepak M. Kasote
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Camila A. Sakaguchi
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Ankhbayar Lkhagva
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Mehari Muuz Weldemariam
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Qibin Zhang
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
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Vaidya RA, Desai S, Moitra P, Salis S, Agashe S, Battalwar R, Mehta A, Madan J, Kalita S, Udipi SA, Vaidya AB. Hyperinsulinemia: an early biomarker of metabolic dysfunction. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2023; 4:1159664. [PMID: 37200851 PMCID: PMC10186728 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1159664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Hyperinsulinemia in the absence of impaired glucose tolerance and normal HbA1c is considered indicative of pre-diabetes. Very few Indian studies have focused on hyperinsulinemia particularly in young adults. The present study aimed to determine whether hyperinsulinemia may be present despite HbA1c being normal. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted on adolescents and young adults aged 16-25 years living in Mumbai, India. The participants attended various academic institutions and were those who underwent screening as the first step of a clinical trial for studying the efficacy of almond intake in prediabetes. Results Among this young population (n=1313), 4.2% (n=55) of the participants were found to be prediabetic (ADA criteria) and 19.7% of them had HbA1c levels between 5.7%-6.4%. However, almost, 30.5% had hyperinsulinemia inspite of normal blood glucose levels and normal HbA1c. Among those with HbA1c<5.7 (n=533), 10.5% (n=56) participants had fasting insulin>15 mIU/L and a higher percentage (39.4%, n=260) had stimulated insulin above 80 mIU/L. These participants had higher mean anthropometric markers than those with normal fasting and/or stimulated insulin. Conclusion Hyperinsulinaemia in the absence of impaired glucose tolerance and normal HbA1c may provide a much earlier indicator of detection for risk of metabolic disease and progression to metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama A. Vaidya
- Kasturba Health Society- Medical Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Sharvari Desai
- Kasturba Health Society- Medical Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Panchali Moitra
- Sir Vithaldas Thackersey College of Home Science (Autonomous), Shreemathi Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women’s University, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Shubhada Agashe
- Clinical and Endocrine Laboratory, Kasturba Health Society Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Rekha Battalwar
- Sir Vithaldas Thackersey College of Home Science (Autonomous), Shreemathi Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women’s University, Mumbai, India
| | - Anushree Mehta
- Kasturba Health Society- Medical Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Jagmeet Madan
- Sir Vithaldas Thackersey College of Home Science (Autonomous), Shreemathi Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women’s University, Mumbai, India
- *Correspondence: Jagmeet Madan,
| | | | - Shobha A. Udipi
- Kasturba Health Society- Medical Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashok B. Vaidya
- Kasturba Health Society- Medical Research Center, Mumbai, India
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15
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Ramos-Lopez O, Martinez-Urbistondo D, Vargas-Nuñez JA, Martinez JA. The Role of Nutrition on Meta-inflammation: Insights and Potential Targets in Communicable and Chronic Disease Management. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:305-335. [PMID: 36258149 PMCID: PMC9579631 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic low-grade inflammation may contribute to the onset and progression of communicable and chronic diseases. This review examined the effects and eventual mediation roles of different nutritional factors on inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS Potential nutritional compounds influencing inflammation processes include macro and micronutrients, bioactive molecules (polyphenols), specific food components, and culinary ingredients as well as standardized dietary patterns, eating habits, and chrononutrition features. Therefore, research in this field is still required, taking into account critical aspects of heterogeneity including type of population, minimum and maximum intakes and adverse effects, cooking methods, physiopathological status, and times of intervention. Moreover, the integrative analysis of traditional variables (age, sex, metabolic profile, clinical history, body phenotype, habitual dietary intake, physical activity levels, and lifestyle) together with individualized issues (genetic background, epigenetic signatures, microbiota composition, gene expression profiles, and metabolomic fingerprints) may contribute to the knowledge and prescription of more personalized treatments aimed to improving the precision medical management of inflammation as well as the design of anti-inflammatory diets in chronic and communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Universidad 14418, UABC, Parque Internacional Industrial Tijuana, 22390, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.
| | | | - Juan A Vargas-Nuñez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Asbaghi O, Moodi V, Neisi A, Shirinbakhshmasoleh M, Abedi S, Oskouie FH, Eslampour E, Ghaedi E, Miraghajani M. The effect of almond intake on glycemic control: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2021; 36:395-414. [PMID: 34841609 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Number trials have evaluated the effect of almond intake on glycemic control in adults; however, the results remain equivocal. Therefore, the present meta-analysis aims to examine the effectiveness of almond intake on glycemic parameters. Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI web of science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched up to August 2021 for trials that examined the effect of almond intake on glycemic control parameters including fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, HOMA-IR, and HbA1C. Treatment effects were expressed as mean difference (MD) and the standard deviation (SD) of outcomes. To estimate the overall effect of almond intake, we used the random-effects model. In total, 24 studies with 31 arms were included in our analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that almond intake did not significantly change the concentrations of FBS, HbA1c, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR. In conclusion, there is currently no convincing evidence that almonds have a clear beneficial effect on glycemic control. Future studies are needed before any confirmed conclusion could be drowned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vihan Moodi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Neisi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sajjad Abedi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hosseini Oskouie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Eslampour
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,The Early Life Research Unit, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, The School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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