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Sigalas PP, Shewry PR, Riche A, Wingen L, Feng C, Siluveru A, Chayut N, Burridge A, Uauy C, Castle M, Parmar S, Philp C, Steele D, Orford S, Leverington-Waite M, Cheng S, Griffiths S, Hawkesford MJ. Improving wheat grain composition for human health by constructing a QTL atlas for essential minerals. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1001. [PMID: 39147896 PMCID: PMC11327371 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Wheat is an important source of minerals for human nutrition and increasing grain mineral content can contribute to reducing mineral deficiencies. Here, we identify QTLs for mineral micronutrients in grain of wheat by determining the contents of six minerals in a total of eleven sample sets of three biparental populations from crosses between A.E. Watkins landraces and cv. Paragon. Twenty-three of the QTLs are mapped in two or more sample sets, with LOD scores above five in at least one set with the increasing alleles for sixteen of the QTLs being present in the landraces and seven in Paragon. Of these QTLs, the number for each mineral varies between three and five and they are located on 14 of the 21 chromosomes, with clusters on chromosomes 5A (four), 6A (three), and 7A (three). The gene content within 5 megabases of DNA on either side of the marker for the QTL with the highest LOD score is determined and the gene responsible for the strongest QTL (chromosome 5A for Ca) identified as an ATPase transporter gene (TraesCS5A02G543300) using mutagenesis. The identification of these QTLs, together with associated SNP markers and candidate genes, will facilitate the improvement of grain nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter R Shewry
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Andrew Riche
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Luzie Wingen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Cong Feng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | | | - Noam Chayut
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Amanda Burridge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK
| | | | - March Castle
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Saroj Parmar
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - David Steele
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Simon Orford
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Shifeng Cheng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
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Kumar J, Saini DK, Kumar A, Kumari S, Gahlaut V, Rahim MS, Pandey AK, Garg M, Roy J. Biofortification of Triticum species: a stepping stone to combat malnutrition. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:668. [PMID: 39004715 PMCID: PMC11247745 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofortification represents a promising and sustainable strategy for mitigating global nutrient deficiencies. However, its successful implementation poses significant challenges. Among staple crops, wheat emerges as a prime candidate to address these nutritional gaps. Wheat biofortification offers a robust approach to enhance wheat cultivars by elevating the micronutrient levels in grains, addressing one of the most crucial global concerns in the present era. MAIN TEXT Biofortification is a promising, but complex avenue, with numerous limitations and challenges to face. Notably, micronutrients such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and copper (Cu) can significantly impact human health. Improving Fe, Zn, Se, and Cu contents in wheat could be therefore relevant to combat malnutrition. In this review, particular emphasis has been placed on understanding the extent of genetic variability of micronutrients in diverse Triticum species, along with their associated mechanisms of uptake, translocation, accumulation and different classical to advanced approaches for wheat biofortification. CONCLUSIONS By delving into micronutrient variability in Triticum species and their associated mechanisms, this review underscores the potential for targeted wheat biofortification. By integrating various approaches, from conventional breeding to modern biotechnological interventions, the path is paved towards enhancing the nutritional value of this vital crop, promising a brighter and healthier future for global food security and human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Supriya Kumari
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Department of Biotechnology, University Center for Research and Development Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Mohammed Saba Rahim
- CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Monika Garg
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Joy Roy
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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3
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Sun M, Tong J, Dong Y, Pu Z, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Hao C, Xu X, Cao Q, Rasheed A, Ali MB, Cao S, Xia X, He Z, Ni Z, Hao Y. Molecular characterization of QTL for grain zinc and iron concentrations in wheat landrace Chinese Spring. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:148. [PMID: 38836887 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Three stable QTL for grain zinc concentration were identified in wheat landrace Chinese Spring. Favorable alleles were more frequent in landraces than in modern wheat cultivars. Wheat is a major source of dietary energy for the growing world population. Developing cultivars with enriched zinc and iron can potentially alleviate human micronutrient deficiency. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population with 245 lines derived from cross Zhou 8425B/Chinese Spring was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain zinc concentration (GZnC) and grain iron concentration (GFeC) across four environments. Three stable QTL for GZnC with all favorable alleles from Chinese Spring were identified on chromosomes 3BL, 5AL, and 5BL. These QTL explaining maxima of 8.7%, 5.8%, and 7.1% of phenotypic variances were validated in 125 resequenced wheat accessions encompassing both landraces and modern cultivars using six kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) assays. The frequencies of favorable alleles for QGZnCzc.caas-3BL, QGZnCzc.caas-5AL and QGZnCzc.caas-5BL were higher in landraces (90.4%, 68.0%, and 100.0%, respectively) compared to modern cultivars (45.9%, 35.4%, and 40.9%), suggesting they were not selected in breeding programs. Candidate gene association studies on GZnC in the cultivar panel further delimited the QTL into 8.5 Mb, 4.1 Mb, and 47.8 Mb regions containing 46, 4, and 199 candidate genes, respectively. The 5BL QTL located in a region where recombination was suppressed. Two stable and three less stable QTL for GFeC with favorable alleles also from Chinese Spring were identified on chromosomes 4BS (Rht-B1a), 4DS (Rht-D1a), 1DS, 3AS, and 6DS. This study sheds light on the genetic basis of GZnC and GFeC in Chinese Spring and provides useful molecular markers for wheat biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jingyang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zongjun Pu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianmin Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Yelun Zhang
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Xueyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chenyang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaowan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Awais Rasheed
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, c/o CAAS, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Badry Ali
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Shuanghe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianchun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, c/o CAAS, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Yuanfeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
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Gupta OP, Singh A, Pandey V, Sendhil R, Khan MK, Pandey A, Kumar S, Hamurcu M, Ram S, Singh G. Critical assessment of wheat biofortification for iron and zinc: a comprehensive review of conceptualization, trends, approaches, bioavailability, health impact, and policy framework. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1310020. [PMID: 38239835 PMCID: PMC10794668 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1310020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Addressing global hidden hunger, particularly in women of childbearing age and children under five, presents a significant challenge, with a focus on iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiency. Wheat, a staple crop in the developing world, is crucial for addressing this issue through biofortification efforts. While extensive research has explored various approaches to enhance Fe and Zn content in wheat, there remains a scarcity of comprehensive data on their bioavailability and impact on human and animal health. This systematic review examines the latest trends in wheat biofortification approaches, assesses bioavailability, evaluates the effects of biofortified wheat on health outcomes in humans and animals, and analyzes global policy frameworks. Additionally, a meta-analysis of per capita daily Fe and Zn intake from average wheat consumption was conducted. Notably, breeding-based approaches have led to the release of 40 biofortified wheat varieties for commercial cultivation in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Mexico, Bolivia, and Nepal, but this progress has overlooked Africa, a particularly vulnerable continent. Despite these advancements, there is a critical need for large-scale systematic investigations into the nutritional impact of biofortified wheat, indicating a crucial area for future research. This article can serve as a valuable resource for multidisciplinary researchers engaged in wheat biofortification, aiding in the refinement of ongoing and future strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal of eradicating hunger and malnutrition by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Gupta
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Ajeet Singh
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Vanita Pandey
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Ramadas Sendhil
- Division of Social Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Mohd. Kamran Khan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Anamika Pandey
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Mehmet Hamurcu
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Sewa Ram
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
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5
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Jaiswal V, Bandyopadhyay T, Singh RK, Gahlaut V, Muthamilarasan M, Prasad M. Multi-environment GWAS identifies genomic regions underlying grain nutrient traits in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:6. [PMID: 38127149 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A total of 104 foxtail millet accessions were evaluated for 11 nutrients in three environments and 67 high-confidence marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified. Six SNPs showed pleiotropic effect and associated with two or more nutrients, whereas 24 candidate genes were identified for 28 MTAs involving seven traits. Millets are known for their better nutritional profiles compared to major cereals. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is rich in nutrients essential to circumvent malnutrition and hidden hunger. However, the genetic determinants underlying this trait remain elusive. In this context, we evaluated 104 diverse foxtail millet accessions in three different environments (E1, E2, and E3) for 11 nutrients and genotyped with 30K SNPs. The genome-wide association study showed 67 high-confidence (Bonferroni-corrected) marker-trait associations (MTAs) for the nutrients except for phosphorus. Six pleiotropic SNPs were also identified, which were associated with two or more nutrients. Around 24 candidate genes (CGs) were identified for 28 MTAs involving seven nutrients. A total of 17 associated SNPs were present within the gene region, and five (5) were mapped in the exon of the CGs. Significant SNPs, desirable alleles and CGs identified in the present study will be useful in breeding programmes for trait improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Jaiswal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.
| | | | | | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, India
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India.
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India.
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6
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Sun M, Luo Q, Zheng Q, Tong J, Wang Y, Song J, Zhang Y, Pu Z, Zheng J, Liu L, Zhou A, Rasheed A, Li M, Cao S, Xia X, He Z, Hao Y. Molecular characterization of stable QTL and putative candidate genes for grain zinc and iron concentrations in two related wheat populations. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:217. [PMID: 37782334 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Major QTL for grain zinc and iron concentrations were identified on the long arm of chromosomes 2D and 6D. Gene-based KASP markers were developed for putative candidate genes TaIPK1-2D and TaNAS10-6D. Micronutrient malnutrition is one of the most common public health problems in the world. Biofortification, the most attractive and sustainable solution to surmount malnutrition requires the development of micronutrient enriched new crop cultivars. In this study, two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, ZM175/XY60 and ZM175/LX987, were used to identify QTL for grain zinc concentration (GZnC), grain iron concentration (GFeC) and thousand grain weight (TGW). Eight QTL for GZnC, six QTL for GFeC and five QTL for TGW were detected. Three QTL on chromosomes 2DL and 4BS and chromosome 6A showed pleiotropic effects on all three traits. The 4BS and 6A QTL also increased plant height and might be Rht-B1a and Rht25a, respectively. The 2DL locus within a suppressed recombination region was identified in both RIL populations and the favorable allele simultaneously increasing GZnC, GFeC and TGW was contributed by XY60 and LX987. A QTL on chromosome 6DL associated only with GZnC was detected in ZM175/XY60 and was validated in JD8/AK58 RILs using kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker K_AX-110119937. Both the 2DL and 6DL QTL were new loci for GZnC. Based on gene annotations, sequence variations and expression profiles, the phytic acid biosynthesis gene TaIPK1-2D and nicotianamine synthase gene TaNAS10-6D were predicted as candidate genes. Their gene-based KASP markers were developed and validated in a cultivar panel of 343 wheat accessions. This study investigated the genetic basis of GZnC and GFeC and provided valuable candidate genes and markers for breeding Zn- and Fe-enriched wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Sun
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiaoling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jingyang Tong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yelun Zhang
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Zongjun Pu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianmin Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianzheng Liu
- Institute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Anding Zhou
- Institute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Awais Rasheed
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, c/o CAAS, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuanghe Cao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianchun Xia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, c/o CAAS, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanfeng Hao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
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7
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Xu X, Ni Z, Zou X, Zhang Y, Tong J, Xu X, Dong Y, Han B, Li S, Wang D, Xia X, He Z, Hao Y. QTL Mapping Reveals Both All-Stage and Adult-Plant Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Chinese Elite Wheat Cultivars. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3230-3237. [PMID: 37018212 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-23-0399-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is a threat to wheat production in China. Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to powdery mildew and developing breeder-friendly markers are important initial steps in breeding resistant cultivars. An all-stage resistance gene and several QTL were identified using a population of 254 recombinant inbred lines developed from a Jingdong 8/Aikang 58 cross. The population was evaluated for powdery mildew resistance across six field environments over three consecutive growing seasons utilizing two different mixtures of B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates, named #Bgt-HB and #Bgt-BJ. Using genotypic data obtained from the Wheat TraitBreed 50K single-nucleotide polymorphism array, seven stable QTL were identified on chromosome arms 1DL, 2AL, 2DS, 4DL, 5AL, 6BL.1, and 6BL.2. The QTL on 2AL conferred all-stage resistance to B. graminis f. sp. tritici race E20 in greenhouse tests and explained up to 52% of the phenotypic variance in field trials but was resistant only against #Bgt-HB. The gene involved in this QTL was predicted to be Pm4a based on genome location and gene sequence. QPmja.caas-1DL, QPmja.caas-4DL, and QPmja.caas-6BL.1 were identified as potentially new QTL for powdery mildew resistance. QPmja.caas-2DS and QPmja.caas-6BL.1 were effective against both B. graminis f. sp. tritici mixtures, indicating their probable broad-spectrum resistance. A Kompetitive allele-specific PCR marker closely linked to QPmja.caas-2DS was developed and validated in a panel of 286 wheat cultivars. Because both Jingdong 8 and Aikang 58 have been leading cultivars and breeding parents, the QTL and marker reported represent valuable resources for wheat researchers and breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhongqiu Ni
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinyu Zou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yelun Zhang
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Jingyang Tong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaowan Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yachao Dong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin Han
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Simin Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Desen Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xianchun Xia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanfeng Hao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
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8
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Manjunath KK, Krishna H, Devate NB, Sunilkumar VP, Chauhan D, Singh S, Mishra CN, Singh JB, Sinha N, Jain N, Singh GP, Singh PK. Mapping of the QTLs governing grain micronutrients and thousand kernel weight in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) using high density SNP markers. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1105207. [PMID: 36845058 PMCID: PMC9950559 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1105207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofortification is gaining importance globally to improve human nutrition through enhancing the micronutrient content, such as vitamin A, iron, and zinc, in staple food crops. The present study aims to identify the chromosomal regions governing the grain iron concentration (GFeC), grain zinc concentration (GZnC), and thousand kernel weight (TKW) using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) in wheat, developed from a cross between HD3086 and HI1500. The experiment was conducted in four different production conditions at Delhi viz., control, drought, heat, and combined heat and drought stress and at Indore under drought stress. Grain iron and zinc content increased under heat and combined stress conditions, while thousand kernel weight decreased. Medium to high heritability with a moderate correlation between grain iron and zinc was observed. Out of 4,106 polymorphic markers between the parents, 3,407 SNP markers were used for linkage map construction which spanned over a length of 14791.18 cm. QTL analysis identified a total of 32 chromosomal regions governing the traits under study, which includes 9, 11, and 12 QTLs for GFeC, GZnC, and TKW, respectively. A QTL hotspot was identified on chromosome 4B which is associated with grain iron, grain zinc, and thousand kernel weight explaining the phenotypic variance of 29.28, 10.98, and 17.53%, respectively. Similarly, common loci were identified on chromosomes 4B and 4D for grain iron, zinc, and thousand kernel weight. In silico analysis of these chromosomal regions identified putative candidate genes that code for proteins such as Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase, P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase, Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase and F-box-like domain superfamily proteins which play role in many important biochemical or physiological process. The identified markers linked to QTLs can be used in MAS once successfully validated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hari Krishna
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Hari Krishna,
| | - Narayana Bhat Devate
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - V. P. Sunilkumar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Chauhan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - C. N. Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - J. B. Singh
- Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Indore, India
| | - Nivedita Sinha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelu Jain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Hari Krishna,
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Mapping of QTLs and Screening Candidate Genes Associated with the Ability of Sugarcane Tillering and Ratooning. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032793. [PMID: 36769121 PMCID: PMC9917849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The processes of sugarcane tillering and ratooning, which directly affect the yield of plant cane and ratoon, are of vital importance to the population establishment and the effective stalk number per unit area. In the present study, the phenotypic data of 285 F1 progenies from a cross of sugarcane varieties YT93-159 × ROC22 were collected in eight environments, which consisted of plant cane and ratoon cultivated in three different ecological sites. The broad sense heritability (H2) of the tillering and the ratoon sprouting was 0.64 and 0.63, respectively, indicating that they were middle to middle-high heritable traits, and there is a significantly positive correlation between the two traits. Furthermore, a total of 26 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to the tillering ability and 11 QTLs associated with the ratooning ability were mapped on two high-quality genetic maps derived from a 100K SNP chip, and their phenotypic variance explained (PVE) ranged from 4.27-25.70% and 6.20-13.54%, respectively. Among them, four consistent QTLs of qPCTR-R9, qPCTR-Y28, qPCTR-Y60/qRSR-Y60 and PCTR-Y8-1/qRSR-Y8 were mapped in two environments, of which, qPCTR-Y8-1/qRSR-Y8 had the PVEs of 11.90% in the plant cane and 7.88% in the ratoon. Furthermore, a total of 25 candidate genes were identified in the interval of the above four consistent QTLs and four major QTLs of qPCTR-Y8-1, qPCTR-Y8-2, qRSR-R51 and qRSR-Y43-2, with the PVEs from 11.73-25.70%. All these genes were associated with tillering, including eight transcription factors (TFs), while 15 of them were associated with ratooning, of which there were five TFs. These QTLs and genes can provide a scientific reference for genetic improvement of tillering and ratooning traits in sugarcane.
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Devate NB, Krishna H, Mishra CN, Manjunath KK, Sunilkumar VP, Chauhan D, Singh S, Sinha N, Jain N, Singh GP, Singh PK. Genetic dissection of marker trait associations for grain micro-nutrients and thousand grain weight under heat and drought stress conditions in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1082513. [PMID: 36726675 PMCID: PMC9885108 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1082513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Wheat is grown and consumed worldwide, making it an important staple food crop for both its calorific and nutritional content. In places where wheat is used as a staple food, suboptimal micronutrient content levels, especially of grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), can lead to malnutrition. Grain nutrient content is influenced by abiotic stresses, such as drought and heat stress. The best method for addressing micronutrient deficiencies is the biofortification of food crops. The prerequisites for marker-assisted varietal development are the identification of the genomic region responsible for high grain iron and zinc contents and an understanding of their genetics. Methods A total of 193 diverse wheat genotypes were evaluated under drought and heat stress conditions across the years at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, under timely sown irrigated (IR), restricted irrigated (RI) and late sown (LS) conditions. Grain iron content (GFeC) and grain zinc content (GZnC) were estimated from both the control and treatment groups. Genotyping of all the lines under study was carried out with the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from Breeder's 35K Axiom Array. Result and Discussion Three subgroups were observed in the association panel based on both principal component analysis (PCA) and dendrogram analysis. A large whole-genome linkage disequilibrium (LD) block size of 3.49 Mb was observed. A genome-wide association study identified 16 unique stringent marker trait associations for GFeC, GZnC, and 1000-grain weight (TGW). In silico analysis demonstrated the presence of 28 potential candidate genes in the flanking region of 16 linked SNPs, such as synaptotagmin-like mitochondrial-lipid-binding domain, HAUS augmin-like complex, di-copper center-containing domain, protein kinase, chaperonin Cpn60, zinc finger, NUDIX hydrolase, etc. Expression levels of these genes in vegetative tissues and grain were also found. Utilization of identified markers in marker-assisted breeding may lead to the rapid development of biofortified wheat genotypes to combat malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana Bhat Devate
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural research institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Hari Krishna
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural research institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - V. P. Sunilkumar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural research institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Chauhan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural research institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural research institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nivedita Sinha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural research institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelu Jain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural research institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural research institute, New Delhi, India
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11
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Kamble U, Mishra CN, Govindan V, Sharma AK, Pawar S, Kumar S, Krishnappa G, Gupta OP, Singh GP, Singh G. Ensuring Nutritional Security in India through Wheat Biofortification: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122298. [PMID: 36553565 PMCID: PMC9778289 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Undernourishment of nutrients, also known as hidden hunger, affects over 2 billion populace globally. Even though stunting among children below five years of age has decreased in India in the last ten years, India is home to roughly thirty percent of the world's population of stunted pre-schoolers. A significant improvement has been witnessed in the targeted development and deployment of biofortified crops; approximately 20 million farm households from developing counties benefit from cultivating and consuming biofortified crops. There is ample scope for including biofortified varieties in the seed chain, ensuring nutritional security. Wheat is a dietary staple in India, typically consumed as wholemeal flour in the form of flatbreads such as chapatti and roti. Wheat contributes to nearly one fifth of global energy requirements and can also provide better amounts of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). As a result, biofortified wheat can serve as a medium for delivery of essential micronutrients such as Fe and Zn to end users. This review discusses wheat biofortification components such as Fe and Zn dynamics, its uptake and movement in plants, the genetics of their buildup, and the inclusion of biofortified wheat varieties in the seed multiplication chain concerning India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kamble
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Chandra Nath Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-946-8251-294
| | | | - Amit Kumar Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Sushma Pawar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
| | | | - Om Prakash Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
| | | | - Gyanendra Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
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Roy C, Kumar S, Ranjan RD, Kumhar SR, Govindan V. Genomic approaches for improving grain zinc and iron content in wheat. Front Genet 2022; 13:1045955. [PMID: 36437911 PMCID: PMC9683485 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1045955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
More than three billion people worldwide suffer from iron deficiency associated anemia and an equal number people suffer from zinc deficiency. These conditions are more prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In developing countries, children under the age of five with stunted growth and pregnant or lactating women were found to be at high risk of zinc and iron deficiencies. Biofortification, defined as breeding to develop varieties of staple food crops whose grain contains higher levels of micronutrients such as iron and zinc, are one of the most promising, cost-effective and sustainable ways to improve the health in resource-poor households, particularly in rural areas where families consume some part of what they grow. Biofortification through conventional breeding in wheat, particularly for grain zinc and iron, have made significant contributions, transferring important genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from wild and related species into cultivated wheat. Nonetheless, the quantitative, genetically complex nature of iron and zinc levels in wheat grain limits progress through conventional breeding, making it difficult to attain genetic gain both for yield and grain mineral concentrations. Wheat biofortification can be achieved by enhancing mineral uptake, source-to-sink translocation of minerals and their deposition into grains, and the bioavailability of the minerals. A number of QTLs with major and minor effects for those traits have been detected in wheat; introducing the most effective into breeding lines will increase grain zinc and iron concentrations. New approaches to achieve this include marker assisted selection and genomic selection. Faster breeding approaches need to be combined to simultaneously increase grain mineral content and yield in wheat breeding lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Roy
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Rakesh Deo Ranjan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Sita Ram Kumhar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Velu Govindan
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Ren P, Zhao D, Zeng Z, Yan X, Zhao Y, Lan C, Wang C. Pleiotropic effect analysis and marker development for grain zinc and iron concentrations in spring wheat. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:49. [PMID: 37313424 PMCID: PMC10248664 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the main food crops in the world and a primary source of zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) in the human body. The genetic mechanisms underlying related traits have been clarified, thereby providing a molecular theoretical foundation for the development of germplasm resources. In this study, a total of 23,536 high-quality DArT markers was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) of grain Zn (GZn) and grain Fe (GFe) concentrations in recombinant inbred lines crossed by Avocet/Chilero. A total of 17 QTLs was located on chromosomes 1BL, 2BL, 3BL, 4AL, 4BS, 5AL, 5DL, 6AS, 6BS, 6DS, and 7AS accounting for 0.38-16.62% of the phenotypic variance. QGZn.haust-4AL, QGZn.haust-7AS.1, and QGFe.haust-6BS were detected on chromosomes 4AL, 6BS, and 7AS, accounting for 10.63-16.62% of the phenotypic variance. Four stable QTLs, QGZn.haust-4AL, QGFe.haust-1BL, QGFe.haust-4AL, and QGFe.haust-5DL, were located on chromosomes 1BL, 4AL, and 5DL. Three pleiotropic effects loci for GZn and GFe concentrations were located on chromosomes 1BL, 4AL, and 5DL. Two high-throughput Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR markers were developed by closely linking single-nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosomes 4AL and 5DL, which were validated by a germplasm panel. Therefore, it is the most important that quantitative trait loci and KASP marker for grain zinc and iron concentrations were developed for utilizing in marker-assisted breeding and biofortification of wheat grain in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxun Ren
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000 Henan China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Dehui Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000 Henan China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Zhankui Zeng
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000 Henan China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Xuefang Yan
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000 Henan China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000 Henan China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Caixia Lan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Chunping Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000 Henan China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
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14
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Wang J, Shi X, Zhou Z, Qin M, Wang Y, Li W, Yang P, Wu Z, Lei Z. Genetic dissection of grain iron concentration in hexaploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) using a genome-wide association analysis method. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13625. [PMID: 35898941 PMCID: PMC9310890 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient of the body. Low concentrations of bioavailable Fe in staple food result in micronutrient malnutrition. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important global food crop and thus has become an important source of iron for people. Breeding nutritious wheat with high grain-Fe content has become an effective means of alleviating malnutrition. Understanding the genetic basis of micronutrient concentration in wheat grains may provide useful information for breeding for high Fe varieties through marker-assisted selection (MAS). Hence, in the present study, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted for grain Fe. An association panel of 207 accessions was genotyped using a 660K SNP array and phenotyped for grain Fe content at three locations. The genotypic and phenotypic data obtained thus were used for GWAS. A total of 911 SNPs were significantly associated with grain Fe concentrations. These SNPs were distributed on all 21 wheat chromosomes, and each SNP explained 5.79-25.31% of the phenotypic variations. Notably, the two significant SNPs (AX-108912427 and AX-94729264) not only have a more significant effect on grain Fe concentration but also have the reliability under the different environments. Furthermore, candidate genes potentially associated with grain Fe concentration were predicted, and 10 candidate genes were identified. These candidate genes were related to transport, translocation, remobilization, and accumulationof ironin wheat plants. These findings will not only help in better understanding the molecular basis of Fe accumulation in grains, but also provide elite wheat germplasms to develop Fe-rich wheat varieties through breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan Province, CHINA,Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan province, CHINA,Henan Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan, Henan province, CHINA
| | - Xia Shi
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan province, CHINA
| | - Zhengfu Zhou
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan province, CHINA
| | - Maomao Qin
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan province, CHINA
| | - Yahuan Wang
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan province, CHINA
| | - Wenxu Li
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan province, CHINA
| | - Pan Yang
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan province, CHINA
| | - Zhengqing Wu
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan province, CHINA
| | - Zhensheng Lei
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan Province, CHINA,Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan province, CHINA
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