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Gaspar N, Hawkins DS, Dirksen U, Lewis IJ, Ferrari S, Le Deley MC, Kovar H, Grimer R, Whelan J, Claude L, Delattre O, Paulussen M, Picci P, Sundby Hall K, van den Berg H, Ladenstein R, Michon J, Hjorth L, Judson I, Luksch R, Bernstein ML, Marec-Bérard P, Brennan B, Craft AW, Womer RB, Juergens H, Oberlin O. Ewing Sarcoma: Current Management and Future Approaches Through Collaboration. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:3036-46. [PMID: 26304893 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.59.5256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive sarcoma of bone and soft tissue occurring at any age with a peak incidence in adolescents and young adults. The treatment of ES relies on a multidisciplinary approach, coupling risk-adapted intensive neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapies with surgery and/or radiotherapy for control of the primary site and possible metastatic disease. The optimization of ES multimodality therapeutic strategies has resulted from the efforts of several national and international groups in Europe and North America and from cooperation between pediatric and medical oncologists. Successive first-line trials addressed the efficacy of various cyclic combinations of drugs incorporating doxorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, etoposide, and dactinomycin and identified prognostic factors now used to tailor therapies. The role of high-dose chemotherapy is still debated. Current 5-year overall survival for patients with localized disease is 65% to 75%. Patients with metastases have a 5-year overall survival < 30%, except for those with isolated pulmonary metastasis (approximately 50%). Patients with recurrence have a dismal prognosis. The many insights into the biology of the EWS-FLI1 protein in the initiation and progression of ES remain to be translated into novel therapeutic strategies. Current options and future approaches will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gaspar
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Douglas S Hawkins
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Uta Dirksen
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Ian J Lewis
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Marie-Cecile Le Deley
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Robert Grimer
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Jeremy Whelan
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Line Claude
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Michael Paulussen
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Piero Picci
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Kirsten Sundby Hall
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Hendrik van den Berg
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Ruth Ladenstein
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Jean Michon
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Lars Hjorth
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Ian Judson
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Roberto Luksch
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Mark L Bernstein
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Perrine Marec-Bérard
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Bernadette Brennan
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Alan W Craft
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Richard B Womer
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Heribert Juergens
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Odile Oberlin
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
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