1
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Unterrainer LM, Calais J, Bander NH. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen: Gateway to Management of Advanced Prostate Cancer. Annu Rev Med 2024; 75:49-66. [PMID: 38285513 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-081522-031439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a transmembrane protein is overexpressed by prostate cancer (PC) cells and is accessible for binding antibodies or low-molecular-weight radioligands due to its extracellular portion. Successful targeting of PSMA began with the development of humanized J591 antibody. Due to their faster clearance compared to antibodies, small-molecule radioligands for targeted imaging and therapy of PC have been favored in recent development efforts. PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has higher diagnostic performance than conventional imaging for initial staging of high-risk PC and biochemical recurrence detection/localization. However, it remains to be demonstrated how to integrate PSMA PET imaging for therapy response assessment and as an outcome endpoint measure in clinical trials. With the recent approval of 177Lu-PSMA-617 by the US Food and Drug Administration for metastatic castration-resistant PC progressing after chemotherapy, the high value of PSMA-targeted therapy was confirmed. Compared to standard of care, PSMA-based radioligand therapy led to a better outcome and a higher quality of life. This review, focusing on the advanced PC setting, provides an overview of different approved and nonapproved PSMA-targeted imaging and therapeutic modalities and discusses the future of PSMA-targeted theranostics, also with an outlook on non-radiopharmaceutical-based PSMA-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena M Unterrainer
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; ,
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeremie Calais
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; ,
| | - Neil H Bander
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA;
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Ritawidya R, Wongso H, Effendi N, Pujiyanto A, Lestari W, Setiawan H, Humani TS. Lutetium-177-Labeled Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-617 for Molecular Imaging and Targeted Radioligand Therapy of Prostate Cancer. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:701-711. [PMID: 38022814 PMCID: PMC10676551 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) represents a promising target for PSMA-overexpressing diseases, especially prostate cancer-a common type of cancer among men worldwide. In response to the challenges in tackling prostate cancers, several promising PSMA inhibitors from a variety of molecular scaffolds (e.g., phosphorous-, thiol-, and urea-based molecules) have been developed. In addition, PSMA inhibitors bearing macrocyclic chelators have attracted interest due to their favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Recently, conjugating a small PSMA molecule inhibitor-bearing 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) chelator, as exemplified by [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 could serve as a molecular imaging probe and targeted radioligand therapy (TRT) of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Hence, studies related to mCRPC have drawn global attention. In this review, the recent development of PSMA ligand-617-labeled with 177Lu for the management of mCRPC is presented. Its molecular mechanism of action, safety, efficacy, and future direction are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rien Ritawidya
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, 15314 Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Hendris Wongso
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, 15314 Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nurmaya Effendi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Muslim Indonesia, Kampus II UMI, Jl. Urip Sumoharjo No.225, Panaikang, Panakkukang, Kota, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan 90231
| | - Anung Pujiyanto
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, 15314 Indonesia
| | - Wening Lestari
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, 15314 Indonesia
| | - Herlan Setiawan
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, 15314 Indonesia
| | - Titis Sekar Humani
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, 15314 Indonesia
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3
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Rigby A, Firth G, Rivas C, Pham T, Kim J, Phanopoulos A, Wharton L, Ingham A, Li L, Ma MT, Orvig C, Blower PJ, Terry SY, Abbate V. Toward Bifunctional Chelators for Thallium-201 for Use in Nuclear Medicine. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1422-1436. [PMID: 35801668 PMCID: PMC9305974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Auger electron therapy exploits the cytotoxicity of low-energy electrons emitted during radioactive decay that travel very short distances (typically <1 μm). 201Tl, with a half-life of 73 h, emits ∼37 Auger and other secondary electrons per decay and can be tracked in vivo as its gamma emissions enable SPECT imaging. Despite the useful nuclear properties of 201Tl, satisfactory bifunctional chelators to incorporate it into bioconjugates for molecular targeting have not been developed. H4pypa, H5decapa, H4neunpa-NH2, and H4noneunpa are multidentate N- and O-donor chelators that have previously been shown to have high affinity for 111In, 177Lu, and 89Zr. Herein, we report the synthesis and serum stability of [nat/201Tl]Tl3+ complexes with H4pypa, H5decapa, H4neunpa-NH2, and H4noneunpa. All ligands quickly and efficiently formed complexes with [201Tl]Tl3+ that gave simple single-peak radiochromatograms and showed greatly improved serum stability compared to DOTA and DTPA. [natTl]Tl-pypa was further characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), mass spectroscopy (MS), and X-ray crystallography, showing evidence of the proton-dependent presence of a nine-coordinate complex and an eight-coordinate complex with a pendant carboxylic acid group. A prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting bioconjugate of H4pypa was synthesized and radiolabeled. The uptake of [201Tl]Tl-pypa-PSMA in DU145 PSMA-positive and PSMA-negative prostate cancer cells was evaluated in vitro and showed evidence of bioreductive release of 201Tl and cellular uptake characteristic of unchelated [201Tl]TlCl. SPECT/CT imaging was used to probe the in vivo biodistribution and stability of [201Tl]Tl-pypa-PSMA. In healthy animals, [201Tl]Tl-pypa-PSMA did not show the myocardial uptake that is characteristic of unchelated 201Tl. In mice bearing DU145 PSMA-positive and PSMA-negative prostate cancer xenografts, the uptake of [201Tl]Tl-pypa-PSMA in DU145 PSMA-positive tumors was higher than that in DU145 PSMA-negative tumors but insufficient for useful tumor targeting. We conclude that H4pypa and related ligands represent an advance compared to conventional radiometal chelators such as DOTA and DTPA for Tl3+ chelation but do not resist dissociation for long periods in the biological environment due to vulnerability to reduction of Tl3+ and subsequent release of Tl+. However, this is the first report describing the incorporation of [201Tl]Tl3+ into a chelator-peptide bioconjugate and represents a significant advance in the field of 201Tl-based radiopharmaceuticals. The design of the next generation of chelators must include features to mitigate this susceptibility to bioreduction, which does not arise for other trivalent heavy radiometals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rigby
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - George Firth
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Rivas
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Truc Pham
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Kim
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Phanopoulos
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Wharton
- Medicinal
Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Life
Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Aidan Ingham
- Medicinal
Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Life
Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Lily Li
- Medicinal
Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Life
Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Michelle T Ma
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal
Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Philip J. Blower
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Y.A. Terry
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- School
of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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4
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Strand J, Sjöström K, Lamminmaki UJ, Vilhelmsson Timmermand O, Strand SE, Tran TA. Humanization, Radiolabeling and Biodistribution Studies of an IgG1-Type Antibody Targeting Uncomplexed PSA for Theranostic Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121251. [PMID: 34959652 PMCID: PMC8703390 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is today incurable. Conventional imaging methods have limited detection, affecting their ability to give an accurate outcome prognosis, and current therapies for metastatic prostate cancer are insufficient. This inevitably leads to patients relapsing with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Targeting prostate-specific antigens whose expression is closely linked to the activity in the androgen receptor pathway, and thus the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, is a possible way to increase specificity and reduce off-target effects. We have humanized and evaluated radioimmunoconjugates of a previously murine antibody, m5A10, targeting PSA intended for theranostics of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. The humanized antibody h5A10 was expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells transfected with the nucleotide sequences for the heavy and light chains of the antibody. Cell culture medium was filtered and purified by Protein G chromatography, and the buffer was changed to PBS pH 7.4 by dialysis. Murine and humanized 5A10 were conjugated with p-SCN-Bn-CHX-A”-DTPA. Surface plasmon resonance was used to characterize the binding to PSA of the immunoconjugates. Immunoconjugates were labeled with either indium-111 or lutetium-177. Biodistribution studies of murine and humanized 5A10 were performed in mice with LNCaP xenografts. 5A10 was successfully humanized, and in vivo targeting showed specific binding in xenografts. The results thus give an excellent platform for further theranostic development of humanized 5A10 for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Strand
- Department of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (T.A.T.)
| | | | | | - Oskar Vilhelmsson Timmermand
- Department of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Department of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thuy A. Tran
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (T.A.T.)
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5
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Biomarkers for Treatment Response in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225723. [PMID: 34830878 PMCID: PMC8616385 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death among males. Many treatments are available to manage the disease, but despite this, ultimately advanced prostate cancer is incurable and fatal. In order to improve survival and minimize side effects from these various treatments, the treatments need to be given in an optimal sequence or combination. This optimal use of therapies must be individualized, and biomarkers can be used for these decisions. Biomarkers can be useful in predicting whether a patient will respond to a treatment option and may help avoid use of therapies that are not expected to be effective. Many biomarkers are already in clinical use while many others are currently being investigated and may become part of clinical practice in future. In this review, we discuss both established and novel biomarkers with a role in management of advanced prostate cancer. Abstract Multiple treatment options with different mechanisms of action are currently available for the management of metastatic prostate cancer. However, the optimal use of these therapies—specifically, the sequencing of therapies—is not well defined. In order to obtain the best clinical outcomes, patients need to be treated with the therapies that are most likely to provide benefit and avoid toxic therapies that are unlikely to be effective. Ideally, predictive biomarkers that allow for the selection of the therapies most likely to be of benefit would be employed for each treatment decision. In practice, biomarkers including tumor molecular sequencing, circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cell enumeration and androgen receptor characteristics, and tumor cell surface expression (PSMA), all may have a role in therapy selection. In this review, we define the established prognostic and predictive biomarkers for therapy in advanced prostate cancer and explore emerging biomarkers.
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6
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Ebisawa K, Honda A, Chiba A, Masamoto Y, Okazaki H, Kurokawa M. High D-index during mobilization predicts poor mobilization of CD34+ cells after anti-lymphoma salvage chemotherapy. J Clin Apher 2021; 37:4-12. [PMID: 34687244 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Performing stem cell collection after mobilization chemotherapy was a well-balanced strategy between anti-tumor effect and efficient collection of CD34+ cells, but deep and prolonged nadir exposed patients to risk of febrile neutropenia. Febrile neutropenia was known to be associated with lower yields of CD34+ cells, but quantitative data referring to association between yields of CD34+ cells and severity of neutropenia was lacking. We hypothesized that D-index, which was developed for quantitative evaluation of severity of neutropenia especially in the field of hematologic malignancies, could predict yields of CD34+ cells. METHODS We performed a single center, retrospective analysis of patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive lymphoma who were mobilized with ESHAP or modified ESHAP. We evaluated the association between yields of CD34+ cells at first apheresis and D-index. RESULTS Thirty-six patients were included, and we demonstrated that yields of CD34+ cells from patients with higher D-index were significantly lower than those from patients with lower D-index. Multivariate linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis also demonstrated the significant predictive power of D-index. Further, D-index was significantly correlated to platelet count before starting mobilization chemotherapy. Platelet count was known to predict yields of CD34+ cells, and combination of platelet count and D-index could identify patients with lowest CD34+ yields. CONCLUSION D-index could predict yields of CD34+ cells and it seemed that its predictive power was not less than that of platelet count. Prospective studies including more heterogeneous patients were needed to validate our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Ebisawa
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Blood Transfusion, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Chiba
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Blood Transfusion, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Masamoto
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okazaki
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cell Therapy and Transplantation Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Ramirez-Fort MK, Meier-Schiesser B, Lachance K, Mahase SS, Church CD, Niaz MJ, Liu H, Navarro V, Nikolopoulou A, Kazakov DV, Contassot E, Nguyen DP, Sach J, Hadravsky L, Sheng Y, Tagawa ST, Wu X, Lange CS, French LE, Nghiem PT, Bander NH. Folate hydrolase-1 (FOLH1) is a novel target for antibody-based brachytherapy in Merkel cell carcinoma. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2021; 1. [PMID: 34541577 PMCID: PMC8447486 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds Folate Hydrolase‐1 (FOLH1; PSMA) is a type II transmembrane protein, luminally expressed by solid tumour neo‐vasculature. Monoclonal antibody (mAb), J591, is a vehicle for mAb‐based brachytherapy in FOLH1+ cancers. Brachytherapy is a form of radiotherapy that involves placing a radioactive material a short distance from the target tissue (e.g., on the skin or internally); brachytherapy is commonly accomplished with the use of catheters, needles, metal seeds and antibody or small peptide conjugates. Herein, FOLH1 expression in primary (p) and metastatic (m) Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is characterized to determine its targeting potential for J591‐brachytherapy. Materials & Methods Paraffin sections from pMCC and mMCC were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for FOLH1. Monte Carlo simulation was performed using the physical properties of conjugated radioisotope lutetium‐177. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were calculated based on patient outcome data and FOLH1 expression. Results Eighty‐one MCC tumours were evaluated. 67% (54/81) of all cases, 77% (24/31) pMCC and 60% (30/50) mMCC tumours were FOLH1+. Monte Carlo simulation showed highly localized ionizing tracks of electrons emitted from the targeted neo‐vessel. 42% (34/81) of patients with FOLH1+/− MCC had available survival data for analysis. No significant differences in our limited data set were detected based on FOLH1 status (p = 0.4718; p = 0.6470), staining intensity score (p = 0.6966; p = 0.9841) or by grouping staining intensity scores (− and + vs. ++, +++, +++) (p = 0.8022; p = 0.8496) for MCC‐specific survival or recurrence free survival, respectively. Conclusions We report the first evidence of prevalent FOLH1 expression within MCC‐associated neo‐vessels, in 60‐77% of patients in a large MCC cohort. Given this data, and the need for alternatives to immune therapies it is appropriate to explore the safety and efficacy of FOLH1‐targeted brachytherapy for MCC. What's already known about this topic? We report the first evidence of prevalent folate hydrolase‐1 (FOLH1; also known as prostate‐specific membrane antigen) expression within MCC‐associated neovessels.
What does this study add? Herein, FOLH1 expression in Merkel cell carcinoma neovasculature is validated, and the therapeutic mechanism of specific, systemic targeting of disseminated disease with antibody‐based brachytherapy, is defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Ramirez-Fort
- Department of Life Sciences, BioFort®, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, USA.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - B Meier-Schiesser
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K Lachance
- Department of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - S S Mahase
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - C D Church
- Department of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M J Niaz
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - H Liu
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - V Navarro
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - A Nikolopoulou
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - D V Kazakov
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Sikl's Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - E Contassot
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D P Nguyen
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - J Sach
- Sikl's Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - L Hadravsky
- Sikl's Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Y Sheng
- Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China
| | - S T Tagawa
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - X Wu
- Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China.,Innovative Cancer Institute, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - C S Lange
- Department of Life Sciences, BioFort®, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - L E French
- Department of Dermatology, Münich University Hospital, Münich, Germany
| | - P T Nghiem
- Department of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - N H Bander
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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8
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Hernando Polo S, Moreno Muñoz D, Rosero Rodríguez AC, Silva Ruiz J, Rosero Rodríguez DI, Couñago F. Changing the History of Prostate Cancer with New Targeted Therapies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040392. [PMID: 33917592 PMCID: PMC8067446 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic landscape of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is changing due to the emergence of new targeted therapies for the treatment of different molecular subtypes. Some biomarkers are described as potential molecular targets different from classic androgen receptors (AR). Approximately 20–25% of mCRPCs have somatic or germline alterations in DNA repair genes involved in homologous recombination. These subtypes are usually associated with more aggressive disease. Inhibitors of the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARPi) have demonstrated an important benefit in the treatment of these subtypes of tumors. However, tumors that resistant to PARPi and wildtype BRCA tumors do not benefit from these therapies. Recent studies are exploring drug combinations with phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) or protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitors, as mechanisms to overcome resistance or to induce BRCAness and synthetic lethality. This article reviews various different novel strategies to improve outcomes in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Hernando Polo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.H.P.); (D.M.M.); Tel.: +34-916-219-490 (S.H.P. & D.M.M.)
| | - Diana Moreno Muñoz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.H.P.); (D.M.M.); Tel.: +34-916-219-490 (S.H.P. & D.M.M.)
| | | | - Jorge Silva Ruiz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Unidad de Cáncer de Mama, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Felipe Couñago
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital La Luz, 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Biomedicine, Universidad Europea, 28670 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Sun M, Niaz MJ, Niaz MO, Tagawa ST. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)-Targeted Radionuclide Therapies for Prostate Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2021; 23:59. [PMID: 33778927 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is a promising investigational treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This review describes the available data with PSMA TRT. RECENT FINDINGS Conjugates used for PSMA TRT include antibodies or small molecules PSMA-radiolabeled with beta (most commonly 177Lu) or alpha emitters (commonly 225Ac). 177Lu-J591 demonstrated accurate targeting of known metastatic sites, based on post-treatment scintigraphy, in study populations that were not selected for PSMA expression, with evidence of dose-response and dose-limiting myelosuppression. Early phase studies of 177Lu-PSMA-617 have demonstrated favorable adverse event profiles and signs of clinical activity as evidenced by PSA responses and other short-term outcomes. A phase II randomized study of 177Lu-PSMA-617 showed a superior PSA50 response rate (66 vs 37%) over cabazitaxel in patients with docetaxel-pretreated, progressive mCRPC selected by PSMA and FDG PET/CT scans. PSMA TRT is emerging as a promising investigational therapy for mCRPC. The first randomized data with 177Lu-PSMA-617 (phase 2) have been presented, and the first phase 3 trial has completed accrual with radiographic progression-free and overall survival as dual primary endpoints. Multiple additional phase 3 trials of PSMA-TRT are starting and studies investigating optimal patient selection and combination therapy continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sun
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, Box 403, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | | | - Scott T Tagawa
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, Box 403, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Miyahira AK, Pienta KJ, Babich JW, Bander NH, Calais J, Choyke P, Hofman MS, Larson SM, Lin FI, Morris MJ, Pomper MG, Sandhu S, Scher HI, Tagawa ST, Williams S, Soule HR. Meeting report from the Prostate Cancer Foundation PSMA theranostics state of the science meeting. Prostate 2020; 80:1273-1296. [PMID: 32865839 PMCID: PMC8442561 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) convened a PCF prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) Theranostics State of the Science Meeting on 18 November 2019, at Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY. METHODS The meeting was attended by 22 basic, translational, and clinical researchers from around the globe, with expertise in PSMA biology, development and use of PSMA theranostics agents, and clinical trials. The goal of this meeting was to discuss the current state of knowledge, the most important biological and clinical questions, and critical next steps for the clinical development of PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents and PSMA-targeted radionuclide agents for patients with prostate cancer. RESULTS Several major topic areas were discussed including the biology of PSMA, the role of PSMA-targeted PET imaging in prostate cancer, the physics and performance of different PSMA-targeted PET imaging agents, the current state of clinical development of PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy (RNT) agents, the role of dosimetry in PSMA RNT treatment planning, barriers and challenges in PSMA RNT clinical development, optimization of patient selection for PSMA RNT trials, and promising combination treatment approaches with PSMA RNT. DISCUSSION This article summarizes the presentations from the meeting for the purpose of globally disseminating this knowledge to advance the use of PSMA-targeted theranostic agents for imaging and treatment of patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K. Miyahira
- Science Department, Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, California
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- Department of Urology, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John W. Babich
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Neil H. Bander
- Laboratory of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jeremie Calais
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peter Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael S. Hofman
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven M. Larson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Frank I. Lin
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael J. Morris
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Department of Urology, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Howard I. Scher
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Scott T. Tagawa
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Scott Williams
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Howard R. Soule
- Science Department, Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, California
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Czerwińska M, Bilewicz A, Kruszewski M, Wegierek-Ciuk A, Lankoff A. Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Prostate Cancer-From Basic Research to Clinical Perspectives. Molecules 2020; 25:E1743. [PMID: 32290196 PMCID: PMC7181060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Western civilization. Although localized prostate cancer can be treated effectively in different ways, almost all patients progress to the incurable metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Due to the significant mortality and morbidity rate associated with the progression of this disease, there is an urgent need for new and targeted treatments. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in research on identification of prostate tissue-specific antigens for targeted therapy, generation of highly specific and selective molecules targeting these antigens, availability of therapeutic radionuclides for widespread medical applications, and recent achievements in the development of new-generation small-molecule inhibitors and antibody-based strategies for targeted prostate cancer therapy with alpha-, beta-, and Auger electron-emitting radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Czerwińska
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Aleksander Bilewicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Wegierek-Ciuk
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 24-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Anna Lankoff
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 24-406 Kielce, Poland;
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12
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Niaz MJ, Batra JS, Walsh RD, Ramirez-Fort MK, Vallabhajosula S, Jhanwar YS, Molina AM, Nanus DM, Osborne JR, Bander NH, Tagawa ST. Pilot Study of Hyperfractionated Dosing of Lutetium-177-Labeled Antiprostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Monoclonal Antibody J591 ( 177 Lu-J591) for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Oncologist 2020; 25:477-e895. [PMID: 31999003 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
LESSONS LEARNED Hyperfractionation of lutetium-177 (177 Lu)-J591 for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer did not appear to have any additional advantage over the single dose 177 Lu-J591 or fractionated two-dose 177 Lu-J591 therapy. Definite conclusions were challenging because of the small sample size of this study, and so further studies are needed to evaluate the viability of the hypothesis. On the basis of available data, a registration study of 177 Lu-J591 (also known as TLX591) is planned and will use the two-dose fractionation schedule (Telix Pharma Q3 2019 update https://telixpharma.com/news-media/). BACKGROUND Phase I and II single-dose studies of lutetium-177 (177 Lu)-J591, a radio-labeled antibody binding prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), demonstrated safety and efficacy with dose response. Modest dose fractionation of 177 Lu-J591 (2 doses) has less myelosuppression per similar cumulative dose, allowing higher doses to be administered safely. We hypothesized that additional dose fractionation would allow a higher cumulative dose, potentially with less toxicity and more efficacy. METHODS Men with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and adequate organ function were enrolled. 177 Lu-J591 was administered at 25 mCi/m2 every 2 weeks until the emergence of related grade 2 toxicity. 177 Lu-J591 imaging was performed and circulating tumor cell (CTC) counts were measured before and after treatment along with standard monitoring. RESULTS Six subjects in a single cohort, with a median age of 68.6 years, were enrolled. Patients received three to six doses (cumulative 75-150 mCi/m2 ). Two (33%) patients had >30% prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline and three (50%) had CTC count decline. Two (33%) experienced grade (Gr) 4 neutropenia (without fever), three (50%) had Gr 4 thrombocytopenia (without hemorrhage), and two (33%) required platelet transfusions. Following hematological improvement, two patients developed worsening cytopenia during prostate cancer progression; bone marrow biopsies revealed infiltrative tumor replacing normal marrow elements without myelodysplasia. Targeting of known disease sites was seen on planar imaging in all. CONCLUSION Hyperfractionation of 177 Lu-J591 is feasible but does not seem to have significant advantages over the two-dose fractionation regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaspreet S Batra
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Ryan D Walsh
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Marigdalia K Ramirez-Fort
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
- Department of Physiology/Pathology, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Shankar Vallabhajosula
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Yuliya S Jhanwar
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Ana M Molina
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - David M Nanus
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Joseph R Osborne
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Neil H Bander
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Scott T Tagawa
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, New York, USA
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13
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Assadi M, Rezaei S, Jafari E, Rekabpour SJ, Ravanbod MR, Zohrabi F, Amini A, Keshmiri S, Dadgar H, Ahmadzadehfar H. Potential application of lutetium-177-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen-617 radioligand therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in a limited resource environment: Initial clinical experience after 2 years. World J Nucl Med 2020; 19:15-20. [PMID: 32190017 PMCID: PMC7067127 DOI: 10.4103/wjnm.wjnm_20_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, lutetium-177 (177Lu)-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-617 has become a promising new therapeutic agent in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In this study, we report on an early experience of 177Lu-PSMA therapy with an evaluation of its efficacy and safety in mCRPC patients. Twenty-one mCRPC patients with a mean age of 70.3 ± 9.6 (54-88)-year-old were treated with one to four therapy cycles (median two cycles) and administered activity of 3.7-29.6 GBq (mean of 15.4 GBq). A prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline ≥ 50% was considered to be a biochemical response (BCR). To evaluate the clinical response, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status was used. Within 2 weeks before and 1 and 2 months after each therapy cycle, hematology, renal function, liver status, alkaline phosphatase, and PSA were checked. The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events was used for grading adverse events induced by 177Lu-PSMA. Furthermore, overall survival (OS) was calculated and analyzed. During the treatment, a BCR was seen in 62% of patients; 19% of patients showed progression and 19% of patients showed stable disease. ECOG status was improved after treatment, and OS was 62.7 weeks. After the treatment, two patients showed Grade II toxicity of white blood cells, Grade I thrombocytopenia was observed in two patients, one patient showed Grade II toxicity in serum creatinine and transient Grade I toxicity in creatinine was seen in two patients. In total, our initial experience demonstrates that 177Lu-PSMA therapy has the potential to positively affect the development and maturation of radioligand practices in selected mCRPC patients, even in resource limited, developing country environments. However, some challenges, such as practitioner training, poor initial acceptance by colleagues and financial concerns, particularly in developing nations, still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Assadi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Samira Rezaei
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Esmail Jafari
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Rekabpour
- Department of Oncology, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ravanbod
- Department of Oncology, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Farshad Zohrabi
- Department of Urology, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - AbdulLatif Amini
- Department of Cardiology, Bushehr Heart Medical Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Saeid Keshmiri
- Department of Anesthesiology (Division of Pain Management), Bushehr Heart Medical Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Habibollah Dadgar
- Cancer Research Center, RAZAVI Hospital, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hojjat Ahmadzadehfar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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14
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Egorova BV, Fedorova OA, Kalmykov SN. Cationic radionuclides and ligands for targeted therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review considers the already used and potential α- and β-emitting cationic radionuclides for targeted radionuclide therapy. Recent results of laboratory, preclinical and clinical applications of these radionuclides are discussed. As opposed to β-emitters, which are already used in nuclear medicine, α-emitters involved in targeted radiopharmaceuticals were subjected to clinical trials only recently and were found to be therapeutically effective. The review summarizes recent trends in the development of ligands as components of radiopharmaceuticals addressing specific features of short-lived cationic radionuclides applied in medicine. Despite a steadily growing number of chelating ligands, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) remain the most widely used agents in nuclear medicine. The drawbacks of these compounds restrict the application of radionuclides in medicine. Variations in the macrocycle size, the introduction and modification of substituents can significantly improve the chelating ability of ligands, enhance stability of radionuclide complexes with these ligands and eliminate the influence of ligands on the affinity of biological targeting vectors.
The bibliography includes 189 references.
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15
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Tagawa ST, Vallabhajosula S, Christos PJ, Jhanwar YS, Batra JS, Lam L, Osborne J, Beltran H, Molina AM, Goldsmith SJ, Bander NH, Nanus DM. Phase 1/2 study of fractionated dose lutetium-177-labeled anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen monoclonal antibody J591 ( 177 Lu-J591) for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer 2019; 125:2561-2569. [PMID: 31012963 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is radiosensitive. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is selectively overexpressed on advanced, castration-resistant tumors. Lutetium-177-labeled anti-PSMA monoclonal antibody J591 (177 Lu-J591) targets prostate cancer with efficacy and dose-response/toxicity data when delivered as a single dose. Dose fractionation may allow higher doses to be administered safely. METHOD Men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer refractory to or refusing standard treatment options with normal neutrophil and platelet counts were enrolled in initial phase 1b dose-escalation cohorts followed by phase 2a cohorts treated at recommended phase 2 doses (RP2Ds) comprising 2 fractionated doses of 177 Lu-J591 2 weeks apart. 177 Lu-J591 imaging was performed after treatment, but no selection for PSMA expression was performed before enrollment. Phase 2 patients had circulating tumor cell (CTC) counts assessed before and after treatment. RESULTS Forty-nine men received fractionated doses of 177 Lu-J591 ranging from 20 to 45 mCi/m2 ×2 two weeks apart. The dose-limiting toxicity in phase 1 was neutropenia. The RP2Ds were 40 mCi/m2 and 45 mCi/m2 ×2. At the highest RP2D (45 mCi/m2 ×2), 35.3% of patients had reversible grade 4 neutropenia, and 58.8% of patients had thrombocytopenia. This dose showed a greater decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and longer survival (87.5% with any PSA decrease, 58.8% with >30% decrease, 29.4% with >50% decrease; median survival, 42.3 months [95% confidence interval, 19.9-64.7]). Fourteen of 17 (82%) patients with detectable CTCs experienced a decrease in CTC count. Overall, 79.6% of patients had positive PSMA imaging; those with less intense PSMA imaging tended to have poorer responses. CONCLUSION Fractionated administration of 177 Lu-J591 allowed higher cumulative radiation dosing. The frequency and depth of PSA decrease, overall survival, and toxicity (dose-limiting myelosuppression) increased with higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Tagawa
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shankar Vallabhajosula
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Paul J Christos
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yuliya S Jhanwar
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jaspreet S Batra
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Linda Lam
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Joseph Osborne
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ana M Molina
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Stanley J Goldsmith
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Neil H Bander
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David M Nanus
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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16
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Ong WM, Zargar-Shoshtari K, Siva S, Zargar H. Prostate specific membrane antigen: the role in salvage lymph node dissection and radio-ligand therapy. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2018; 70:450-461. [PMID: 30037209 DOI: 10.23736/s0393-2249.18.03152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a receptor highly expressed on the membranes of prostate cancer (PCa) cells and provides a new opportunity for imaging and targeted therapy in metastatic prostate cancer. The use of radio-labelled peptides with high affinity for PSMA-receptor allows for localization of oligo-metastasis to guide salvage lymph node (LN) dissection, and effective delivery of radionuclide therapy to PCa cells. This review discusses the current statistics of PSMA-guided salvage lymph-node dissection. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A non-systematic literature search of the Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases was performed in December 2017 using medical subject headings and free-text protocol. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The properties of PSMA has enabled the timely detection of oligometastatic disease, potentially altering oncological outcomes of men with PCa. The utility of PSMA in directing sLND has been proven to have an impact in achieving modest biochemical response which is generally not durable. CONCLUSIONS Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the current findings, determine treatment protocols, and weigh up its benefits and determine its standing amongst the current management strategies for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei M Ong
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Shankar Siva
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - Homayoun Zargar
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Nováková Z, Foss CA, Copeland BT, Morath V, Baranová P, Havlínová B, Skerra A, Pomper MG, Barinka C. Novel Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Human Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) as Research and Theranostic Tools. Prostate 2017; 77:749-764. [PMID: 28247415 PMCID: PMC7061361 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a validated target for the imaging and therapy of prostate cancer. Here, we report the detailed characterization of four novel murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing human PSMA as well as PSMA orthologs from different species. METHODS Performance of purified mAbs was assayed using a comprehensive panel of in vitro experimental setups including Western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, flow cytometry, and surface-plasmon resonance. Furthermore, a mouse xenograft model of prostate cancer was used to compare the suitability of the mAbs for in vivo applications. RESULTS All mAbs demonstrate high specificity for PSMA as documented by the lack of cross-reactivity to unrelated human proteins. The 3F11 and 1A11 mAbs bind linear epitopes spanning residues 226-243 and 271-288 of human PSMA, respectively. 3F11 is also suitable for the detection of PSMA orthologs from mouse, pig, dog, and rat in experimental setups where the denatured form of PSMA is used. 5D3 and 5B1 mAbs recognize distinct surface-exposed conformational epitopes and are useful for targeting PSMA in its native conformation. Most importantly, using a mouse xenograft model of prostate cancer we show that both the intact 5D3 and its Fab fragment are suitable for in vivo imaging. CONCLUSIONS With apparent affinities of 0.14 and 1.2 nM as determined by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively, 5D3 has approximately 10-fold higher affinity for PSMA than the clinically validated mAb J591 and, therefore, is a prime candidate for the development of next-generation theranostics to target PSMA. Prostate 77:749-764, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Nováková
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Catherine A. Foss
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Benjamin T. Copeland
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Volker Morath
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Petra Baranová
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Havlínová
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Arne Skerra
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cyril Barinka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Correspondence to: Dr. Cyril Barinka, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v.v.i., Laboratory of Structural Biology, Prumyslova 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic.
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Emmett L, Willowson K, Violet J, Shin J, Blanksby A, Lee J. Lutetium 177 PSMA radionuclide therapy for men with prostate cancer: a review of the current literature and discussion of practical aspects of therapy. J Med Radiat Sci 2017; 64:52-60. [PMID: 28303694 PMCID: PMC5355374 DOI: 10.1002/jmrs.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a receptor on the surface of prostate cancer cells that is revolutionising the way we image and treat men with prostate cancer. New small molecule peptides with high-binding affinity for the PSMA receptor have allowed high quality, highly specific PET imaging, in addition to the development of targeted radionuclide therapy for men with prostate cancer. This targeted therapy for prostate cancer has, to date, predominately used Lutetium 177 (Lu) labelled PSMA peptides. Early clinical studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of Lu PSMA therapy have demonstrated promising results with a significant proportion of men with metastatic prostate cancer, who have already failed other therapies, responding clinically to Lu PSMA. This review discusses the practical issues of administering Lu PSMA, and gives an overview of the findings from currently published trials in regards to treatment response rates, expected toxicities and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Emmett
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Kathy Willowson
- Institute of Medical Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Violet
- Peter McCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Shin
- St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Allen BJ, Chvetsov AV, Orton CG. Systemic α-particles are likely to yield more important advances in radiotherapy than are protons. Med Phys 2015; 42:3785-7. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4919281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Tykvart J, Schimer J, Jančařík A, Bařinková J, Navrátil V, Starková J, Šrámková K, Konvalinka J, Majer P, Šácha P. Design of highly potent urea-based, exosite-binding inhibitors selective for glutamate carboxypeptidase II. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4357-63. [PMID: 25923815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present here a structure-aided design of inhibitors targeting the active site as well as exosites of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), a prostate cancer marker, preparing potent and selective inhibitors that are more than 1000-fold more active toward GCPII than its closest human homologue, glutamate carboxypeptidase III (GCPIII). Additionally, we demonstrate that the prepared inhibitor conjugate can be used for sensitive and selective imaging of GCPII in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tykvart
- †Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10, Czech Republic.,‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Schimer
- †Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10, Czech Republic.,‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Jančařík
- †Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Bařinková
- †Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Navrátil
- †Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10, Czech Republic.,‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Starková
- †Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Šrámková
- †Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- †Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10, Czech Republic.,‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Majer
- †Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šácha
- †Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10, Czech Republic.,‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
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21
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Banerjee SR, Foss CA, Pullambhatla M, Wang Y, Srinivasan S, Hobbs RF, Baidoo KE, Brechbiel MW, Nimmagadda S, Mease RC, Sgouros G, Pomper MG. Preclinical evaluation of 86Y-labeled inhibitors of prostate-specific membrane antigen for dosimetry estimates. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:628-34. [PMID: 25722448 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.149062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED (86)Y (half-life = 14.74 h, 33% β(+)) is within an emerging class of positron-emitting isotopes with relatively long physical half-lives that enables extended imaging of biologic processes. We report the synthesis and evaluation of 3 low-molecular-weight compounds labeled with (86)Y for imaging the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) using PET. Impetus for the study derives from the need to perform dosimetry estimates for the corresponding (90)Y-labeled radiotherapeutics. METHODS Multistep syntheses were used in preparing (86)Y- 4: - 6: PSMA inhibition constants were evaluated by competitive binding assay. In vivo characterization using tumor-bearing male mice was performed by PET/CT for (86)Y- 4: - 6: and by biodistribution studies of (86)Y- 4: and (86)Y- 6: out to 24 h after injection. Quantitative whole-body PET scans were recorded to measure the kinetics for 14 organs in a male baboon using (86)Y- 6 RESULTS: Compounds (86)Y- 4: - 6: were obtained in high radiochemical yield and purity, with specific radioactivities of more than 83.92 GBq/μmol. PET imaging and biodistribution studies using PSMA-positive PC-3 PIP and PSMA-negative PC-3 flu tumor-bearing mice revealed that (86)Y- 4-6: had high site-specific uptake in PSMA-positive PC-3 PIP tumor starting at 20 min after injection and remained high at 24 h. Compound (86)Y- 6: demonstrated the highest tumor uptake and retention, with 32.17 ± 7.99 and 15.79 ± 6.44 percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g) at 5 and 24 h, respectively. Low activity concentrations were associated with blood and normal organs, except for the kidneys, a PSMA-expressing tissue. PET imaging in baboons reveals that all organs have a 2-phase (rapid and slow) clearance, with the highest uptake (8 %ID/g) in the kidneys at 25 min. The individual absolute uptake kinetics were used to calculate radiation doses using the OLINDA/EXM software. The highest mean absorbed dose was received by the renal cortex, with 1.9 mGy per MBq of (86)Y- 6: CONCLUSION Compound (86)Y- 6: is a promising candidate for quantitative PET imaging of PSMA-expressing tumors. Dosimetry calculations indicate promise for future (90)Y or other radiometals that could use a similar chelator/scaffold combination for radiopharmaceutical therapy based on the structure of 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Catherine A Foss
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Mrudula Pullambhatla
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Senthamizhchelvan Srinivasan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Robert F Hobbs
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | | | | | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Ronnie C Mease
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - George Sgouros
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Martin G Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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Tykvart J, Navrátil V, Sedlák F, Corey E, Colombatti M, Fracasso G, Koukolík F, Bařinka C, Sácha P, Konvalinka J. Comparative analysis of monoclonal antibodies against prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Prostate 2014; 74:1674-90. [PMID: 25262926 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), also known as glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), is generally recognized as a diagnostic and therapeutic cancer antigen and a molecular address for targeted imaging and drug delivery studies. Due to its significance in cancer research, numerous monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against GCPII have been described and marketed in the past decades. Unfortunately, some of these mAbs are poorly characterized, which might lead to their inappropriate use and misinterpretation of the acquired results. METHODS We collected the 13 most frequently used mAbs against GCPII and quantitatively characterized their binding to GCPII by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Using a peptide library, we mapped epitopes recognized by a given mAb. Finally, we assessed the applicability of these mAbs to routine experimental setups, including Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. RESULTS ELISA and SPR analyses revealed that mAbs J591, J415, D2B, 107-1A4, GCP-05, and 2G7 bind preferentially to GCPII in native form, while mAbs YPSMA-1, YPSMA-2, GCP-02, GCP-04, and 3E6 bind solely to denatured GCPII. mAbs 24.4E6 and 7E11-C5.3 recognize both forms of GCPII. Additionally, we determined that GCP-02 and 3E6 cross-react with mouse GCPII, while GCP-04 recognizes GCPII and GCPIII proteins from both human and mouse. CONCLUSION This comparative analysis provides the first detailed quantitative characterization of the most commonly used mAbs against GCPII and can serve as a guideline for the scientific community to use them in a proper and efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tykvart
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Czech Republic
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23
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Tykvart J, Schimer J, Bařinková J, Pachl P, Poštová-Slavětínská L, Majer P, Konvalinka J, Šácha P. Rational design of urea-based glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) inhibitors as versatile tools for specific drug targeting and delivery. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4099-108. [PMID: 24954515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), also known as prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), is an established prostate cancer marker and is considered a promising target for specific anticancer drug delivery. Low-molecular-weight inhibitors of GCPII are advantageous specific ligands for this purpose. However, they must be modified with a linker to enable connection of the ligand with an imaging molecule, anticancer drug, and/or nanocarrier. Here, we describe a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of GCPII inhibitors with linkers suitable for imaging and drug delivery. Structure-assisted inhibitor design and targeting of a specific GCPII exosite resulted in a 7-fold improvement in Ki value compared to the parent structure. X-ray structural analysis of the inhibitor series led to the identification of several inhibitor binding modes. We also optimized the length of the inhibitor linker for effective attachment to a biotin-binding molecule and showed that the optimized inhibitor could be used to target nanoparticles to cells expressing GCPII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tykvart
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Schimer
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Bařinková
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pachl
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová-Slavětínská
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Majer
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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24
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Knedlík T, Navrátil V, Vik V, Pacík D, Šácha P, Konvalinka J. Detection and quantitation of glutamate carboxypeptidase II in human blood. Prostate 2014; 74:768-80. [PMID: 24647901 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is a transmembrane enzyme that cleaves N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate (NAAG) in the brain. GCPII is highly expressed in the prostate and prostate cancer and might be associated with prostate cancer progression. Another exopeptidase, plasma glutamate carboxypeptidase (PGCP), was reported to be similar to GCPII and to share its NAAG-hydrolyzing activity. METHODS We performed a radioenzymatic assay with [(3) H]NAAG as a substrate to detect and quantify the enzymatic activity of GCPII in plasma. Using a specific antibody raised against native GCPII (2G7), we immunoprecipitated GCPII from human plasma. We also cloned two PGCP constructs, expressed them in insect cells, and tested them for their NAAG-hydrolyzing activity. RESULTS We detected GCPII protein in human plasma and found that its concentration ranges between 1.3 and 17.2 ng/ml in volunteers not diagnosed with prostate cancer. Recombinant PGCP was enzymatically active but exhibited no NAAG-hydrolyzing activity. CONCLUSION GCPII is present in human blood, and its concentration within a healthy population varies. Recombinant PGCP does not hydrolyze NAAG, suggesting that GCPII alone is responsible for the NAAG-hydrolyzing activity observed in human blood. The potential correlation between GCPII serum levels and the disease status of prostate cancer patients will be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Knedlík
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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