1
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Dwivedi D, Meraldi P. Balancing Plk1 activity levels: The secret of synchrony between the cell and the centrosome cycle. Bioessays 2024:e2400048. [PMID: 39128131 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The accuracy of cell division requires precise regulation of the cellular machinery governing DNA/genome duplication, ensuring its equal distribution among the daughter cells. The control of the centrosome cycle is crucial for the formation of a bipolar spindle, ensuring error-free segregation of the genome. The cell and centrosome cycles operate in close synchrony along similar principles. Both require a single duplication round in every cell cycle, and both are controlled by the activity of key protein kinases. Nevertheless, our comprehension of the precise cellular mechanisms and critical regulators synchronizing these two cycles remains poorly defined. Here, we present our hypothesis that the spatiotemporal regulation of a dynamic equilibrium of mitotic kinases activities forms a molecular clock that governs the synchronous progression of both the cell and the centrosome cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashish Dwivedi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Meraldi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Meza-Espinoza JP, González-García JR, Nieto-Marín N, Patrón-Baro LI, González-Arreola RM, Arámbula-Meraz E, Benítez-Pascual J, De la Herrán-Arita AK, Norzagaray-Valenzuela CD, Valdez-Flores MA, Carrillo-Cázares TA, Picos-Cárdenas VJ. Chromosomal instability in a patient with ring chromosome 14 syndrome: a case report. Mol Cytogenet 2024; 17:17. [PMID: 39020403 PMCID: PMC11256661 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-024-00686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ring chromosome 14 syndrome is a rare disorder primarily marked by early-onset epilepsy, microcephaly, distinctive craniofacial features, hypotonia, intellectual disability, and delay in both development and language acquisition. CASE PRESENTATION A 21-year-old woman with a history of epileptic seizures since the age of 1.5 years presented with distinctive craniofacial features, including a prominent and narrow forehead, sparse and short eyebrows, palpebral ptosis, horizontal palpebral fissures, a broad nasal bridge, a prominent nasal tip, a flat philtrum, hypertelorism, midfacial hypoplasia, horizontal labial fissures, a thin upper lip, crowded teeth, an ogival palate, retrognathia, and a wide neck. Additional physical abnormalities included kyphosis, lumbar scoliosis, pectus carinatum, cubitus valgus, thenar and hypothenar hypoplasia, bilateral hallux valgus, shortening of the Achilles tendon on the left foot, and hypoplasia of the labia minora. Chromosomal analysis identified a ring 14 chromosome with breakpoints in p11 and q32.33. An aCGH study revealed a ~ 1.7 Mb deletion on chromosome 14qter, encompassing 23 genes. Genomic instability was evidenced by the presence of micronuclei and aneuploidies involving the ring and other chromosomes. CONCLUSION The clinical features of our patient closely resembled those observed in other individuals with ring chromosome 14 syndrome. The most important point was that we were able to verify an instability of the r(14) chromosome, mainly involving anaphasic lags and its exclusion from the nucleus in the form of a micronucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Ramón González-García
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Nayeli Nieto-Marín
- Maestría en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sin, México
| | - Liliana Itzel Patrón-Baro
- Maestría en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sin, México
| | | | - Eliakym Arámbula-Meraz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sin, México
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3
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Viergever BJ, Raats DAE, Geurts V, Mullenders J, Jonges TN, van der Heijden MS, van Es JH, Kranenburg O, Meijer RP. Urine-derived bladder cancer organoids (urinoids) as a tool for cancer longitudinal response monitoring and therapy adaptation. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:369-379. [PMID: 38102228 PMCID: PMC10844626 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancer types worldwide. Generally, research relies on invasive sampling strategies. METHODS Here, we generate bladder cancer organoids directly from urine (urinoids). In this project, we establish 12 urinoid lines from 22 patients with non-muscle and muscle-invasive bladder tumours, with an efficiency of 55%. RESULTS The histopathological features of the urinoids accurately resemble those of the original bladder tumours. Genetically, there is a high concordance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (92.56%) and insertions & deletions (91.54%) between urinoids and original tumours from patient 4. Furthermore, these urinoids show sensitivity to bladder cancer drugs, similar to their tissue-derived organoid counterparts. Genetic analysis of longitudinally generated tumoroids and urinoids from one patient receiving systemic immunotherapy, identify alterations that may guide the choice for second-line therapy. Successful treatment adaptation was subsequently demonstrated in the urinoid setting. CONCLUSION Therefore, urinoids can advance precision medicine in bladder cancer as a non-invasive platform for tumour pathogenesis, longitudinal drug-response monitoring, and therapy adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan J Viergever
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Oncological Urology, Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle A E Raats
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Platform for Organoid Technology, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Geurts
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Mullenders
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy N Jonges
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johan H van Es
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Platform for Organoid Technology, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Meijer
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Oncological Urology, Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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4
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Chen Z, Liu X, Kawakami M, Liu X, Baker A, Bhatawadekar A, Tyutyunyk-Massey L, Narayan K, Dmitrovsky E. CDK2 inhibition disorders centrosome stoichiometry and alters cellular outcomes in aneuploid cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2023; 24:2279241. [PMID: 38031910 PMCID: PMC10766391 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2279241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibition prevents supernumerary centrosome clustering. This causes multipolarity, anaphase catastrophe and apoptotic death of aneuploid cancers. This study elucidated how CDK2 antagonism affected centrosome stoichiometry. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and immunofluorescent imaging were used. Studies interrogated multipolar mitosis after pharmacologic or genetic repression of CDK2. CDK2/9 antagonism with CYC065 (Fadraciclib)-treatment disordered centrosome stoichiometry in aneuploid cancer cells, preventing centrosome clustering. This caused ring-like chromosomes or multipolar cancer cells to form before onset of cell death. Intriguingly, CDK2 inhibition caused a statistically significant increase in single centrioles rather than intact centrosomes with two centrioles in cancer cells having chromosome rings or multipolarity. Statistically significant alterations in centrosome stoichiometry were undetected in other mitotic cancer cells. To confirm this pharmacodynamic effect, CDK2 but not CDK9 siRNA-mediated knockdown augmented cancer cells with chromosome ring or multipolarity formation. Notably, engineered gain of CDK2, but not CDK9 expression, reversed emergence of cancer cells with chromosome rings or multipolarity, despite CYC065-treatment. In marked contrast, CDK2 inhibition of primary human alveolar epithelial cells did not confer statistically significant increases of cells with ring-like chromosomes or multipolarity. Hence, CDK2 antagonism caused differential effects in malignant versus normal alveolar epithelial cells. Translational relevance was confirmed by CYC065-treatment of syngeneic lung cancers in mice. Mitotic figures in tumors exhibited chromosome rings or multipolarity. Thus, CDK2 inhibition preferentially disorders centrosome stoichiometry in cancer cells. Engaging this disruption is a strategy to explore against aneuploid cancers in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Chen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Xi Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Masanori Kawakami
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Allison Baker
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda and Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Aayush Bhatawadekar
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda and Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Liliya Tyutyunyk-Massey
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda and Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ethan Dmitrovsky
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
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5
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Shamir M, Martin FJO, Woolfson DN, Friedler A. Molecular Mechanism of STIL Coiled-Coil Domain Oligomerization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14616. [PMID: 37834064 PMCID: PMC10572602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coiled-coil domains (CCDs) play key roles in regulating both healthy cellular processes and the pathogenesis of various diseases by controlling protein self-association and protein-protein interactions. Here, we probe the mechanism of oligomerization of a peptide representing the CCD of the STIL protein, a tetrameric multi-domain protein that is over-expressed in several cancers and associated with metastatic spread. STIL tetramerization is mediated both by an intrinsically disordered domain (STIL400-700) and a structured CCD (STIL CCD718-749). Disrupting STIL oligomerization via the CCD inhibits its activity in vivo. We describe a comprehensive biophysical and structural characterization of the concentration-dependent oligomerization of STIL CCD peptide. We combine analytical ultracentrifugation, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy to probe the STIL CCD peptide assembly in solution and determine dissociation constants of both the dimerization, (KD = 8 ± 2 µM) and tetramerization (KD = 68 ± 2 µM) of the WT STIL CCD peptide. The higher-order oligomers result in increased thermal stability and cooperativity of association. We suggest that this complex oligomerization mechanism regulates the activated levels of STIL in the cell and during centriole duplication. In addition, we present X-ray crystal structures for the CCD containing destabilising (L736E) and stabilising (Q729L) mutations, which reveal dimeric and tetrameric antiparallel coiled-coil structures, respectively. Overall, this study offers a basis for understanding the structural molecular biology of the STIL protein, and how it might be targeted to discover anti-cancer reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Shamir
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Freddie J. O. Martin
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK;
| | - Derek N. Woolfson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK;
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol BioDesign Institute, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Assaf Friedler
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
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6
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Song H, Kim EH, Hong J, Gwon D, Kim JW, Bae GU, Jang CY. Hornerin mediates phosphorylation of the polo-box domain in Plk1 by Chk1 to induce death in mitosis. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2151-2166. [PMID: 37596441 PMCID: PMC10482915 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosome assembles a bipolar spindle for faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis. To prevent the inheritance of DNA damage, the DNA damage response (DDR) triggers programmed spindle multipolarity and concomitant death in mitosis through a poorly understood mechanism. We identified hornerin, which forms a complex with checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) to mediate phosphorylation at the polo-box domain (PBD) of Plk1, as the link between the DDR and death in mitosis. We demonstrate that hornerin mediates DDR-induced precocious centriole disengagement through a dichotomous mechanism that includes sequestration of Sgo1 and Plk1 in the cytoplasm through phosphorylation of the PBD in Plk1 by Chk1. Phosphorylation of the PBD in Plk1 abolishes the interaction with Sgo1 and phosphorylation-dependent Sgo1 translocation to the centrosome, leading to precocious centriole disengagement and spindle multipolarity. Mechanistically, hornerin traps phosphorylated Plk1 in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, PBD phosphorylation inactivates Plk1 and disrupts Cep192::Aurora A::Plk1 complex translocation to the centrosome and concurrent centrosome maturation. Remarkably, hornerin depletion leads to chemoresistance against DNA damaging agents by attenuating DDR-induced death in mitosis. These results reveal how the DDR eradicates mitotic cells harboring DNA damage to ensure genome integrity during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Song
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ho Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Hong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Gwon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Won Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Young Jang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Mayca Pozo F, Geng X, Miyagi M, Amin AL, Huang AY, Zhang Y. MYO10 regulates genome stability and cancer inflammation through mediating mitosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112531. [PMID: 37200188 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability can promote inflammation and tumor development. Previous research revealed an unexpected layer of regulation of genomic instability by a cytoplasmic protein MYO10; however, the underlying mechanism remained unclear. Here, we report a protein stability-mediated mitotic regulation of MYO10 in controlling genome stability. We characterized a degron motif and phosphorylation residues in the degron that mediate β-TrCP1-dependent MYO10 degradation. The level of phosphorylated MYO10 protein transiently increases during mitosis, which is accompanied by a spatiotemporal cellular localization change first accumulating at the centrosome then at the midbody. Depletion of MYO10 or expression of MYO10 degron mutants, including those found in cancer patients, disrupts mitosis, increases genomic instability and inflammation, and promotes tumor growth; however, they also increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to Taxol. Our studies demonstrate a critical role of MYO10 in mitosis progression, through which it regulates genome stability, cancer growth, and cellular response to mitotic toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Mayca Pozo
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Xinran Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Masaru Miyagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Amanda L Amin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Center for Pediatric Immunotherapy at Rainbow, Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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8
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Mytlis A, Levy K, Elkouby YM. The many faces of the bouquet centrosome MTOC in meiosis and germ cell development. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 81:102158. [PMID: 36913831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic chromosomal pairing is facilitated by a conserved cytoskeletal organization. Telomeres associate with perinuclear microtubules via Sun/KASH complexes on the nuclear envelope (NE) and dynein. Telomere sliding on perinuclear microtubules contributes to chromosome homology searches and is essential for meiosis. Telomeres ultimately cluster on the NE, facing the centrosome, in a configuration called the chromosomal bouquet. Here, we discuss novel components and functions of the bouquet microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in meiosis, but also broadly in gamete development. The cellular mechanics of chromosome movements and the bouquet MTOC dynamics are striking. The newly identified zygotene cilium mechanically anchors the bouquet centrosome and completes the bouquet MTOC machinery in zebrafish and mice. We hypothesize that various centrosome anchoring strategies evolved in different species. Evidence suggests that the bouquet MTOC machinery is a cellular organizer, linking meiotic mechanisms with gamete development and morphogenesis. We highlight this cytoskeletal organization as a new platform for creating a holistic understanding of early gametogenesis, with direct implications to fertility and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishag Mytlis
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel; Institute for Medical Research - Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Karine Levy
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel; Institute for Medical Research - Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Yaniv M Elkouby
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel; Institute for Medical Research - Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.
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9
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Das L. Epigenetic alterations impede epithelial-mesenchymal transition by modulating centrosome amplification and Myc/RAS axis in triple negative breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2458. [PMID: 36774386 PMCID: PMC9922331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in centrosome proteins may result in centrosome abnormalities such as disorganized spindles and centrosome amplification, leading to aneuploidy and genomic instability. Centrosomes exhibit unique epigenetic properties in which structural or positional information is propagated through somatic lineage by non-genetic pathways. Excessive centrosome amplification in breast cancer is accompanied by efficient clustering and loss of E-cadherin, indicating an important adaptive mechanism of cancer. This study sought to elucidate the effect of epigenetic alterations on centrosome amplification, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis in triple negative human breast adenocarcinoma derived MDA-MB-231 cell line. The results obtained here show that siRNA mediated silencing of DNMT1 and specific inhibition of HDAC1 & HDAC2 by Tricostatin A (TSA) synergistically inhibit cell proliferation through modulation of centrosome proteins γ-tubulin, TUBGCP2 and pericentrin. In addition, induction of apoptosis was observed by downregulation of Bcl2, upregulation of Bax and activation of PARP cleavage. Inhibition of EMT was confirmed through upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin and vimentin. Similarly, downregulation of Myc, RAS and CDK2, which plays important roles in proliferation and survival, was observed. Nuclear protein analysis revealed downregulation in the nuclear translocation of E2F1, which regulates centrosome amplification and metastasis in breast cancer. In conclusion, this study confirmed the role of epigenetic regulators in centrosome amplification and suggests that inhibition of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation-mediated chromatin remodelling synergistically disrupt EMT through modulation of centrosome amplification and Myc/RAS axis to potentiate apoptosis and attenuate cell proliferation in triple negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmidhar Das
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), The University for Innovation, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India.
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10
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Song C, Zhang Y, Li Y, Bie J, Wang Z, Yang X, Li H, Zhu L, Zhang T, Chang Q, Luo J. The phosphorylation of PHF5A by TrkA-ERK1/2-ABL1 cascade regulates centrosome separation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:98. [PMID: 36759599 PMCID: PMC9911754 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
During interphase, the newly duplicated pairs of centrosomes are held together by a centrosome linker, and the centrosome separation needs the disruption of this linker to induce the duplicated centrosomes separating into two distinct microtubule organization centers. The mechanism of regulating centrosome separation is however poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that the phosphorylation of PHF5A at Y36 by the TrkA-ERK1/2-ABL1 cascade plays a critical role in regulating centrosome separation. PHF5A, a well-characterized spliceosome component, is enriched in the centrosome. The pY36-PHF5A promotes the interaction between CEP250 and Nek2A in a spliceosomal-independent manner, which leads to premature centrosome separation. Furthermore, the unmatured centrosome remodels the microtubule and subsequently regulates cell proliferation and migration. Importantly, we found that the phosphorylation cascade of TrkA-ERK1/2-ABL1-PHF5A is hyper-regulated in medulloblastoma. The inhibition of this cascade can induce senescence and restrict the proliferation of medulloblastoma. Our findings on this phosphorylation cascade in regulating centrosome separation could provide a series of potential targets for restricting the progress of medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Song
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Juntao Bie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Haishuang Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science; Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liangyi Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science; Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianzhuo Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science; Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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11
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Valdes Y, Arora H. Can male germline genome profiling unravel its reproductive potential? Fertil Steril 2023; 119:207. [PMID: 36572204 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaima Valdes
- School of Medicine, American University of the Caribbean, Cupecoy, St. Maarten
| | - Himanshu Arora
- Desai and Sethi Institute of Urology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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12
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Moreno-Andrés D, Holl K, Antonin W. The second half of mitosis and its implications in cancer biology. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:1-17. [PMID: 36436712 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus undergoes dramatic structural and functional changes during cell division. With the entry into mitosis, in human cells the nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes rearrange into rod-like structures which are collected and segregated by the spindle apparatus. While these processes in the first half of mitosis have been intensively studied, much less is known about the second half of mitosis, when a functional nucleus reforms in each of the emerging cells. Here we review our current understanding of mitotic exit and nuclear reformation with spotlights on the links to cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moreno-Andrés
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kristin Holl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Antonin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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13
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Ignacio DP, Kravtsova N, Henry J, Palomares RH, Dawes AT. Dynein localization and pronuclear movement in the C. elegans zygote. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2022; 79:133-143. [PMID: 36214774 PMCID: PMC10092226 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Centrosomes serve as a site for microtubule nucleation and these microtubules will grow and interact with the motor protein dynein at the cortex. The position of the centrosomes determines where the mitotic spindle will develop across all cell types. Centrosome positioning is achieved through dynein and microtubule-mediated force generation. The mechanism and regulation of force generation during centrosome positioning are not fully understood. Centrosome and pronuclear movement in the first cell cycle of the Caenorhabditis elegans early embryo undergoes both centration and rotation prior to cell division. The proteins LET-99 and GPB-1 have been postulated to have a role in force generation associated with pronuclear centration and rotation dynamics. When the expression of these proteins is perturbed, pronuclear positioning exhibits a movement defect characterized by oscillatory ("wobble") behavior of the pronuclear complex (PNC). To determine if this movement defect is due to an effect on cortical dynein distribution, we utilize RNAi-mediated knockdown of LET-99 and GPB-1 to induce wobble and assay for any effects on GFP-tagged dynein localization in the early C. elegans embryo. To compare and quantify the movement defect produced by the knockdown of LET-99 and GPB-1, we devised a quantification method that measures the strength of wobble ("wobble metric") observed under these experimental conditions. Our quantification of pronuclear complex dynamics and dynein localization shows that loss of LET-99 and GPB-1 induces a similar movement defect which is independent of cortical dynein localization in the early C. elegans embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Ignacio
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Natalia Kravtsova
- Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John Henry
- Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Adriana T Dawes
- Department of Mathematics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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14
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Winter L, Kustermann M, Ernhofer B, Höger H, Bittner RE, Schmidt WM. Proteins implicated in muscular dystrophy and cancer are functional constituents of the centrosome. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202201367. [PMID: 35790299 PMCID: PMC9259872 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of dystrophin, utrophin, dysferlin, or calpain-3 was originally identified in muscular dystrophies (MDs). Increasing evidence now indicates that these proteins might act as tumor suppressors in myogenic and non-myogenic cancers. As DNA damage and somatic aneuploidy, hallmarks of cancer, are early pathological signs in MDs, we hypothesized that a common pathway might involve the centrosome. Here, we show that dystrophin, utrophin, dysferlin, and calpain-3 are functional constituents of the centrosome. In myoblasts, lack of any of these proteins caused excess centrosomes, centrosome misorientation, nuclear abnormalities, and impaired microtubule nucleation. In dystrophin double-mutants, these defects were significantly aggravated. Moreover, we demonstrate that also in non-myogenic cells, all four MD-related proteins localize to the centrosome, including the muscle-specific full-length dystrophin isoform. Therefore, MD-related proteins might share a convergent function at the centrosome in addition to their diverse, well-established muscle-specific functions. Thus, our findings support the notion that cancer-like centrosome-related defects underlie MDs and establish a novel concept linking MDs to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Winter
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Kustermann
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Büsra Ernhofer
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Höger
- Division for Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Himberg, Austria
| | - Reginald E Bittner
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang M Schmidt
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Cheng H, Kao Y, Chen T, Sharma L, Yang W, Chuang Y, Huang S, Lin H, Huang Y, Kao C, Yang L, Bearon R, Cheng H, Hsia K, Lin Y. Actin filaments form a size-dependent diffusion barrier around centrosomes. EMBO Rep 2022; 24:e54935. [PMID: 36314725 PMCID: PMC9827556 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosome, a non-membranous organelle, constrains various soluble molecules locally to execute its functions. As the centrosome is surrounded by various dense components, we hypothesized that it may be bordered by a putative diffusion barrier. After quantitatively measuring the trapping kinetics of soluble proteins of varying size at centrosomes by a chemically inducible diffusion trapping assay, we find that centrosomes are highly accessible to soluble molecules with a Stokes radius of less than 5.8 nm, whereas larger molecules rarely reach centrosomes, indicating the existence of a size-dependent diffusion barrier at centrosomes. The permeability of this barrier is tightly regulated by branched actin filaments outside of centrosomes and it decreases during anaphase when branched actin temporally increases. The actin-based diffusion barrier gates microtubule nucleation by interfering with γ-tubulin ring complex recruitment. We propose that actin filaments spatiotemporally constrain protein complexes at centrosomes in a size-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Cheng
- Institute of Molecular MedicineNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Lin Kao
- Institute of Molecular MedicineNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural BiologyNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Lohitaksh Sharma
- Institute of Molecular MedicineNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Ting Yang
- Institute of Molecular MedicineNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Chien Chuang
- Institute of Molecular MedicineNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Shih‐Han Huang
- Institute of Molecular MedicineNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Hong‐Rui Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural BiologyNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Yao‐Shen Huang
- Institute of Molecular MedicineNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Ling Kao
- Institute of Molecular MedicineNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Lee‐Wei Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural BiologyNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan,Physics DivisionNational Center for Theoretical SciencesTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Rachel Bearon
- Department of Mathematical ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Hui‐Chun Cheng
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural BiologyNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | | | - Yu‐Chun Lin
- Institute of Molecular MedicineNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan,Department of Medical ScienceNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
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16
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O'Neill AC, Uzbas F, Antognolli G, Merino F, Draganova K, Jäck A, Zhang S, Pedini G, Schessner JP, Cramer K, Schepers A, Metzger F, Esgleas M, Smialowski P, Guerrini R, Falk S, Feederle R, Freytag S, Wang Z, Bahlo M, Jungmann R, Bagni C, Borner GHH, Robertson SP, Hauck SM, Götz M. Spatial centrosome proteome of human neural cells uncovers disease-relevant heterogeneity. Science 2022; 376:eabf9088. [PMID: 35709258 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf9088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The centrosome provides an intracellular anchor for the cytoskeleton, regulating cell division, cell migration, and cilia formation. We used spatial proteomics to elucidate protein interaction networks at the centrosome of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) and neurons. Centrosome-associated proteins were largely cell type-specific, with protein hubs involved in RNA dynamics. Analysis of neurodevelopmental disease cohorts identified a significant overrepresentation of NSC centrosome proteins with variants in patients with periventricular heterotopia (PH). Expressing the PH-associated mutant pre-mRNA-processing factor 6 (PRPF6) reproduced the periventricular misplacement in the developing mouse brain, highlighting missplicing of transcripts of a microtubule-associated kinase with centrosomal location as essential for the phenotype. Collectively, cell type-specific centrosome interactomes explain how genetic variants in ubiquitous proteins may convey brain-specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C O'Neill
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Fatma Uzbas
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giulia Antognolli
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Florencia Merino
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kalina Draganova
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alex Jäck
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sirui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biomedical Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Giorgia Pedini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Kimberly Cramer
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Aloys Schepers
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Metzger
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Esgleas
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pawel Smialowski
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital Meyer-University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sven Falk
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Saskia Freytag
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Zefeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biomedical Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ralf Jungmann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Bagni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.,Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephen P Robertson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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17
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Lu JY, Simon M, Zhao Y, Ablaeva J, Corson N, Choi Y, Yamada KYH, Schork NJ, Hood WR, Hill GE, Miller RA, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. Comparative transcriptomics reveals circadian and pluripotency networks as two pillars of longevity regulation. Cell Metab 2022; 34:836-856.e5. [PMID: 35580607 PMCID: PMC9364679 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mammals differ more than 100-fold in maximum lifespan. Here, we conducted comparative transcriptomics on 26 species with diverse lifespans. We identified thousands of genes with expression levels negatively or positively correlated with a species' maximum lifespan (Neg- or Pos-MLS genes). Neg-MLS genes are primarily involved in energy metabolism and inflammation. Pos-MLS genes show enrichment in DNA repair, microtubule organization, and RNA transport. Expression of Neg- and Pos-MLS genes is modulated by interventions, including mTOR and PI3K inhibition. Regulatory networks analysis showed that Neg-MLS genes are under circadian regulation possibly to avoid persistent high expression, whereas Pos-MLS genes are targets of master pluripotency regulators OCT4 and NANOG and are upregulated during somatic cell reprogramming. Pos-MLS genes are highly expressed during embryogenesis but significantly downregulated after birth. This work provides targets for anti-aging interventions by defining pathways correlating with longevity across mammals and uncovering circadian and pluripotency networks as central regulators of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yuyang Lu
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Matthew Simon
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Julia Ablaeva
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Nancy Corson
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Yongwook Choi
- Quantitative Medicine and Systems Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - KayLene Y H Yamada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Nicholas J Schork
- Quantitative Medicine and Systems Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Wendy R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Geoffrey E Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Protein localization is intrinsic to cellular function and specialized activities, such as migration or proliferation. Many localized proteins enrich at defined organelles, forming subdomains of functional activity further specified by interacting protein assemblies. One well-studied organelle showing dynamic, functional changes in protein composition is the centrosome. Centrosomes are microtubule-organizing centers with diverse cellular functions largely defined by the composition of the pericentriolar material, an ordered matrix of proteins organized around a central pair of centrioles. Also localizing to the pericentriolar material are mRNAs. Although RNA was identified at centrosomes decades ago, the characterization of specific RNA transcripts and their functional contributions to centrosome biology remained largely unstudied. While the identification of RNA localized to centrosomes accelerated with the development of high-throughput screening methods, this discovery still outpaces functional characterization. Recent work indicates RNA localized to centrosomes is biologically significant and further implicates centrosomes as sites for local protein synthesis. Distinct RNA localization and translational activities likely contribute to the diversity of centrosome functions within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy A Lerit
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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19
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Huang X, Zhao L, Jin Y, Wang Z, Li T, Xu H, Wang Q, Wang L. Up-Regulated MISP Is Associated With Poor Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:827051. [PMID: 35433491 PMCID: PMC9005831 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.827051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant disease with a poor prognosis. More effective biomarkers and treatment options remain to be discovered. Mitotic Spindle Positioning (MISP), also called C19orf21, has been reported to be upregulated in several malignancies. However, the effects of MISP on PDAC have yet to be investigated. Materials and Methods The differential expression of MISP at the mRNA and protein levels were evaluated using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA 2), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases, and was further verified by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting in PDAC cell lines. Correlations between MISP expression and clinical characteristics were explored using Kaplan-Meier Plotter Database and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). CCK-8 assays, Transwell assays, and immunoblotting were used to determine the role of MISP in PDAC proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were executed by the R package ‘clusterProfiler’. Correlations between MISP expression and immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, immunophenoscore (IPS) and the tumor mutational burden (TMB) in PDAC were explored using the R package ‘CIBERSORT’, the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0 (TIMER2.0), and The Cancer Immunome Atlas (TCIA) database based on TCGA data. Result MISP expression was significantly higher in pancreatic cancer tissues compared to normal pancreas tissues, which was associated with a poor prognosis. Increased expression of MISP was related to the proliferation, migration and invasion of PDAC cell lines. GO and KEGG pathway analyses determined that MISP is involved in the Ras signaling pathway and immune regulation. Higher expression of MISP was associated with decreased infiltration levels of activated CD4+ memory T cells, CD8+ T cells, M2 macrophages and neutrophils. Furthermore, increased MISP was associated with lower expression of immune checkpoint molecules, higher gene mutation burden and IPS. Conclusions This study reveals that MISP, which is associated with the progression and prognosis of PDAC, may exert a potential regulatory effect on immune infiltration and predict the response to immunotherapy in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangchao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixun Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoxin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Targeting non-coding RNAs to overcome cancer therapy resistance. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:121. [PMID: 35418578 PMCID: PMC9008121 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well known that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), rather than protein-coding transcripts, are the preponderant RNA transcripts. NcRNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are widely appreciated as pervasive regulators of multiple cancer hallmarks such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and genomic instability. Despite recent discoveries in cancer therapy, resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy continue to be a major setback. Recent studies have shown that ncRNAs also play a major role in resistance to different cancer therapies by rewiring essential signaling pathways. In this review, we present the intricate mechanisms through which dysregulated ncRNAs control resistance to the four major types of cancer therapies. We will focus on the current clinical implications of ncRNAs as biomarkers to predict treatment response (intrinsic resistance) and to detect resistance to therapy after the start of treatment (acquired resistance). Furthermore, we will present the potential of targeting ncRNA to overcome cancer treatment resistance, and we will discuss the challenges of ncRNA-targeted therapy—especially the development of delivery systems.
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21
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LZTS2, a Novel and Independent Prognostic Biomarker for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 232:153831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Floriot S, Bellutti L, Castille J, Moison P, Messiaen S, Passet B, Boulanger L, Boukadiri A, Tourpin S, Beauvallet C, Vilotte M, Riviere J, Péchoux C, Bertaud M, Vilotte JL, Livera G. CEP250 is Required for Maintaining Centrosome Cohesion in the Germline and Fertility in Male Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:754054. [PMID: 35127699 PMCID: PMC8809461 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.754054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Male gametogenesis involves both mitotic divisions to amplify germ cell progenitors that gradually differentiate and meiotic divisions. Centrosomal regulation is essential for both types of divisions, with centrioles remaining tightly paired during the interphase. Here, we generated and characterized the phenotype of mutant mice devoid of Cep250/C-Nap1, a gene encoding for a docking protein for fibers linking centrioles, and characterized their phenotype. The Cep250-/- mice presented with no major defects, apart from male infertility due to a reduction in the spermatogonial pool and the meiotic blockade. Spermatogonial stem cells expressing Zbtb16 were not affected, whereas the differentiating spermatogonia were vastly lost. These cells displayed abnormal γH2AX-staining, accompanied by an increase in the apoptotic rate. The few germ cells that survived at this stage, entered the meiotic prophase I and were arrested at a pachytene-like stage, likely due to synapsis defects and the unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks. In these cells, centrosomes split up precociously, with γ-tubulin foci being separated whereas these were closely associated in wild-type cells. Interestingly, this lack of cohesion was also observed in wild-type female meiocytes, likely explaining the normal fertility of Cep250-/- female mice. Taken together, this study proposes a specific requirement of centrosome cohesion in the male germline, with a crucial role of CEP250 in both differentiating spermatogonia and meiotic spermatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Floriot
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laura Bellutti
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, IRCM/IBFJ CEA, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Laura Bellutti, ; Gabriel Livera,
| | - Johan Castille
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pauline Moison
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, IRCM/IBFJ CEA, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Messiaen
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, IRCM/IBFJ CEA, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Passet
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laurent Boulanger
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Abdelhak Boukadiri
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sophie Tourpin
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, IRCM/IBFJ CEA, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | | | - Marthe Vilotte
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julie Riviere
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christine Péchoux
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Maud Bertaud
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vilotte
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gabriel Livera
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, IRCM/IBFJ CEA, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Laura Bellutti, ; Gabriel Livera,
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23
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Xue D, Zou W, Liu D, Li L, Chen T, Yang Z, Chen Y, Wang X, Lu W, Lin G. Cytotoxicity and transcriptome changes triggered by CuInS 2/ZnS quantum dots in human glial cells. Neurotoxicology 2021; 88:134-143. [PMID: 34785253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As a newly developed cadmium-free quantum dot (QD), CuInS2/ZnS has great application potential in many fields, but its biological safety has not been fully understood. In this study, the in vitro toxicity of CuInS2/ZnS QDs on U87 human glioma cell line was explored. The cells were treated with different concentrations of QDs (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL), and the uptake of QDs by the U87 cells was detected by fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry. The cell viability was observed by MTT assay, and the gene expression profile was analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. These results showed that QDs could enter the cells and mainly located in the cytoplasm. The uptake rate was over 90 % when the concentration of QDs reached 25 μg/mL. The cell viability (50 and 100 μg/mL) increased at 24 h (P < 0.05), but no significant difference after 48 h and 72 h treatment. The results of differential transcription showed that coding RNA accounted for the largest proportion (62.15 %), followed by long non-coding RNA (18.65 %). Total 220 genes were up-regulated and 1515 genes were down-regulated, and significantly altered gene functions included nucleosome, chromosome-DNA binding, and chromosome assembly. In conclusion, CuInS2/ZnS QDs could enter U87 cells, did not reduce the cell viability, but would obviously alter the gene expression profile. These findings provide valuable information for a proper understanding of the toxicity risk of CuInS2/ZnS QD and promote the rational utilization of QDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahui Xue
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenyi Zou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongmeng Liu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yajing Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wencan Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Guimiao Lin
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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24
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Alfaro-Mora Y, Domínguez-Gómez G, Cáceres-Gutiérrez RE, Tolentino-García L, Herrera LA, Castro-Hernández C, Bermúdez-Cruz RM, Díaz-Chávez J. MPS1 is involved in the HPV16-E7-mediated centrosomes amplification. Cell Div 2021; 16:6. [PMID: 34736484 PMCID: PMC8567613 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-021-00074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that the oncoprotein E7 from human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16-E7) can induce the excessive synthesis of centrosomes through the increase in the expression of PLK4, which is a transcriptional target of E2F1. On the other hand, it has been reported that increasing MPS1 protein stability can also generate an excessive synthesis of centrosomes. In this work, we analyzed the possible role of MPS1 in the amplification of centrosomes mediated by HPV16-E7. Results Employing qRT-PCR, Western Blot, and Immunofluorescence techniques, we found that E7 induces an increase in the MPS1 transcript and protein levels in the U2OS cell line, as well as protein stabilization. Besides, we observed that inhibiting the expression of MPS1 in E7 protein-expressing cells leads to a significant reduction in the number of centrosomes. Conclusions These results indicate that the presence of the MPS1 protein is necessary for E7 protein to increase the number of centrosomes, and possible implications are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13008-021-00074-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Alfaro-Mora
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Domínguez-Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo E Cáceres-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Tolentino-García
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clementina Castro-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Bermúdez-Cruz
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - José Díaz-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico.
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25
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Tilwani S, Gandhi K, Narayan S, Ainavarapu SRK, Dalal SN. Disruption of desmosome function leads to increased centrosome clustering in 14-3-3γ-knockout cells with supernumerary centrosomes. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2675-2690. [PMID: 34626438 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are conserved, dimeric, acidic proteins that regulate multiple cellular pathways. Loss of either 14-3-3ε or 14-3-3γ leads to centrosome amplification. However, we find that while the knockout of 14-3-3ε leads to multipolar mitoses, the knockout of 14-3-3γ results in centrosome clustering and pseudo-bipolar mitoses. 14-3-3γ knockouts demonstrate compromised desmosome function and a decrease in keratin levels, leading to decreased cell stiffness and an increase in centrosome clustering. Restoration of desmosome function increased multipolar mitoses, whereas knockdown of either plakoglobin or keratin 5 led to decreased cell stiffness and increased pseudo-bipolar mitoses. These results suggest that the ability of the desmosome to anchor keratin filaments maintains cell stiffness, thus inhibiting centrosome clustering, and that phenotypes observed upon 14-3-3 loss reflect the dysregulation of multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Tilwani
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Karan Gandhi
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Satya Narayan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, TIFR, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Sorab Nariman Dalal
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
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26
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Iemura K, Yoshizaki Y, Kuniyasu K, Tanaka K. Attenuated Chromosome Oscillation as a Cause of Chromosomal Instability in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184531. [PMID: 34572757 PMCID: PMC8470601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chromosomal instability (CIN), a condition in which chromosome missegregation occurs at high rates, is widely seen in cancer cells. Causes of CIN in cancer cells are not fully understood. A recent report suggests that chromosome oscillation, an iterative chromosome motion typically seen in metaphase around the spindle equator, is attenuated in cancer cells, and is associated with CIN. Chromosome oscillation promotes the correction of erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments through phosphorylation of Hec1, a kinetochore protein that binds to microtubules, by Aurora A kinase residing on the spindle. In this review, we focused on this unappreciated link between chromosome oscillation and CIN. Abstract Chromosomal instability (CIN) is commonly seen in cancer cells, and related to tumor progression and poor prognosis. Among the causes of CIN, insufficient correction of erroneous kinetochore (KT)-microtubule (MT) attachments plays pivotal roles in various situations. In this review, we focused on the previously unappreciated role of chromosome oscillation in the correction of erroneous KT-MT attachments, and its relevance to the etiology of CIN. First, we provided an overview of the error correction mechanisms for KT-MT attachments, especially the role of Aurora kinases in error correction by phosphorylating Hec1, which connects MT to KT. Next, we explained chromosome oscillation and its underlying mechanisms. Then we introduced how chromosome oscillation is involved in the error correction of KT-MT attachments, based on recent findings. Chromosome oscillation has been shown to promote Hec1 phosphorylation by Aurora A which localizes to the spindle. Finally, we discussed the link between attenuated chromosome oscillation and CIN in cancer cells. This link underscores the role of chromosome dynamics in mitotic fidelity, and the mutual relationship between defective chromosome dynamics and CIN in cancer cells that can be a target for cancer therapy.
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27
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Centrosome, the Newly Identified Passenger through Tunneling Nanotubes, Increases Binucleation and Proliferation Marker in Receiving Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189680. [PMID: 34575851 PMCID: PMC8467045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 tunneling nanotubes (TNTs-1) are long, cytoplasmic protrusions containing actin, microtubules and intermediate filaments that provide a bi-directional road for the transport of various components between distant cells. TNT-1 formation is accompanied by dramatic cytoskeletal reorganization offering mechanical support for intercellular communication. Although the centrosome is the major microtubule nucleating center and also a signaling hub, the relationship between the centrosome and TNTs-1 is still unexplored. We provide here the first evidence of centrosome localization and orientation towards the TNTs-1 protrusion site, which is implicated in TNT-1 formation. We also envision a model whereby synchronized reorientation of the Golgi apparatus along with the centrosome towards TNTs-1 ensures effective polarized trafficking through TNTs-1. Furthermore, using immunohistochemistry and live imaging, we observed for the first time the movement of an extra centrosome within TNTs-1. In this regard, we hypothesize a novel role for TNTs-1 as a critical pathway serving to displace extra centrosomes and potentially to either protect malignant cells against aberrant centrosome amplification or contribute to altering cells in the tumor environment. Indeed, we have observed the increase in binucleation and proliferation markers in receiving cells. The fact that the centrosome can be both as the base and the user of TNTs-1 offers new perspectives and new opportunities to follow in order to improve our knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms under TNT control.
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28
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Varisli L, Javed A, Ozturk BE, Akyuz GK, Takir G, Roumelioti FM, Gagos S, Yorukoglu K, Korkmaz KS. HN1 interacts with γ-tubulin to regulate centrosomes in advanced prostate cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1723-1744. [PMID: 34382911 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1962624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer for men worldwide with advanced forms showing supernumerary or clustered centrosomes. Hematological and neurological expressed 1 (HN1) also known as Jupiter Microtubule Associated Homolog 1 (JPT1) belongs to a small poorly understood family of genes that are evolutionarily conserved across vertebrate species. The co-expression network of HN1 from the TCGA PRAD dataset indicates the putative role of HN1 in centrosome-related processes in the context of prostate cancer. HN1 expression is low in normal RWPE-1 cells as compared to cancerous androgen-responsive LNCaP and androgen insensitive PC-3 cells. HN1 overexpression resulted in differential response for cell proliferation and cell cycle changes in RWPE-1, LNCaP, and PC-3 cells. Since HN1 overexpression increased the proliferation rate in PC-3 cells, these cells were used for functional characterization of HN1 in advanced prostate carcinogenesis. Furthermore, alterations in HN expression led to an increase in abnormal to normal nuclei ratio and increased chromosomal aberrations in PC-3 cells. We observed the co-localization of HN1 with γ-tubulin foci in prostate cancer cells, further validated by immunoprecipitation. HN1 was observed as physically associated with γ-tubulin and its depletion led to increased γ-tubulin foci and disruption in microtubule spindle assembly. Higher HN1 expression was correlated with prostate cancer as compared to normal tissues. The restoration of HN1 expression after silencing suggested that it has a role in centrosome clustering, implicating a potential role of HN1 in cell division as well as in prostate carcinogenesis warranting further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Varisli
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aadil Javed
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bilge Esin Ozturk
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gencer Kaan Akyuz
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulevin Takir
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fani-Marlen Roumelioti
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Basic Research II, Laboratory of Genetics, Greece (BRFAA), Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sarantis Gagos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Basic Research II, Laboratory of Genetics, Greece (BRFAA), Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kutsal Yorukoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Sami Korkmaz
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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29
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Jeong KY, Park M. Poly adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation, a promising target for colorectal cancer treatment. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021. [PMID: 34163574 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i6.574.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) can result from changes in a variety of cellular systems within the tumor microenvironment. Particularly, it is primarily associated with genomic instability that is the gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes consisting of a characteristic set of mutations crucial for pathways in CRC progression. Based on this background, the potential to focus on poly [adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose] polymerase (PARP)-1 and poly-ADP ribosylation (PARylation) as the main causes of malignant formation of CRC may be considered. One of the important functions of PARP-1 and PARylation is its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair function, which plays a pivotal role in the DNA damage response and prevention of DNA damage maintaining the redox homeostasis involved in the regulation of oxidation and superoxide. PARP-1 and PARylation can also alter epigenetic markers and chromatin structure involved in transcriptional regulation for the oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes by remodeling histone and chromatin enzymes. Given the high importance of these processes in CRC, it can be considered that PARP-1 and PARylation are at the forefront of the pathological changes required for CRC progression. Therefore, this review addresses the current molecular biological features for understanding the multifactorial function of PARP-1 and PARylation in CRC related to the aforementioned roles; furthermore, it presents a summary of recent approaches with PARP-1 inhibition in non-clinical and clinical studies targeting CRC. This understanding could help embrace the importance of targeting PARP-1 and PARylation in the treatment of CRC, which may present the potential to identify various research topics that can be challenged both non-clinically and clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Yeong Jeong
- Research and Development, Metimedi Pharmaceuticals, Incheon 22006, South Korea.
| | - Minhee Park
- Research and Development, Metimedi Pharmaceuticals, Incheon 22006, South Korea
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30
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Jeong KY, Park M. Poly adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation, a promising target for colorectal cancer treatment. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:574-588. [PMID: 34163574 PMCID: PMC8204356 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i6.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) can result from changes in a variety of cellular systems within the tumor microenvironment. Particularly, it is primarily associated with genomic instability that is the gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes consisting of a characteristic set of mutations crucial for pathways in CRC progression. Based on this background, the potential to focus on poly [adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose] polymerase (PARP)-1 and poly-ADP ribosylation (PARylation) as the main causes of malignant formation of CRC may be considered. One of the important functions of PARP-1 and PARylation is its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair function, which plays a pivotal role in the DNA damage response and prevention of DNA damage maintaining the redox homeostasis involved in the regulation of oxidation and superoxide. PARP-1 and PARylation can also alter epigenetic markers and chromatin structure involved in transcriptional regulation for the oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes by remodeling histone and chromatin enzymes. Given the high importance of these processes in CRC, it can be considered that PARP-1 and PARylation are at the forefront of the pathological changes required for CRC progression. Therefore, this review addresses the current molecular biological features for understanding the multifactorial function of PARP-1 and PARylation in CRC related to the aforementioned roles; furthermore, it presents a summary of recent approaches with PARP-1 inhibition in non-clinical and clinical studies targeting CRC. This understanding could help embrace the importance of targeting PARP-1 and PARylation in the treatment of CRC, which may present the potential to identify various research topics that can be challenged both non-clinically and clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Yeong Jeong
- Research and Development, Metimedi Pharmaceuticals, Incheon 22006, South Korea
| | - Minhee Park
- Research and Development, Metimedi Pharmaceuticals, Incheon 22006, South Korea
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31
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de Oliveira Lisboa M, Brofman PRS, Schmid-Braz AT, Rangel-Pozzo A, Mai S. Chromosomal Instability in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112655. [PMID: 34071283 PMCID: PMC8198625 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN), the increasing rate in which cells acquire new chromosomal alterations, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Many studies highlighted CIN as an important mechanism in the origin, progression, and relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The ambivalent feature of CIN as a cancer-promoting or cancer-suppressing mechanism might explain the prognostic variability. The latter, however, is described in very few studies. This review highlights the important CIN mechanisms in AML, showing that CIN signatures can occur largely in all the three major AML types (de novo AML, secondary-AML, and therapy-related-AML). CIN features in AML could also be age-related and reflect the heterogeneity of the disease. Although most of these abnormalities show an adverse prognostic value, they also offer a strong new perspective on personalized therapy approaches, which goes beyond assessing CIN in vitro in patient tumor samples to predict prognosis. Current and emerging AML therapies are exploring CIN to improve AML treatment, which includes blocking CIN or increasing CIN beyond the limit threshold to induce cell death. We argue that the characterization of CIN features, not included yet in the routine diagnostic of AML patients, might provide a better stratification of patients and be extended to a more personalized therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus de Oliveira Lisboa
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná—PUCPR, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (M.d.O.L.); (P.R.S.B.)
| | - Paulo Roberto Slud Brofman
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná—PUCPR, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (M.d.O.L.); (P.R.S.B.)
| | - Ana Teresa Schmid-Braz
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 80060-240, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Aline Rangel-Pozzo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Cell Biology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3C 2B7, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.R.-P.); (S.M.); Tel.: +1-(204)787-4125 (S.M.)
| | - Sabine Mai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Cell Biology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3C 2B7, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.R.-P.); (S.M.); Tel.: +1-(204)787-4125 (S.M.)
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32
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Bose A, Modi K, Dey S, Dalvi S, Nadkarni P, Sudarshan M, Kundu TK, Venkatraman P, Dalal SN. 14-3-3γ prevents centrosome duplication by inhibiting NPM1 function. Genes Cells 2021; 26:426-446. [PMID: 33813791 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins bind to ligands via phospho-serine containing consensus motifs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying complex formation and dissociation between 14-3-3 proteins and their ligands remain unclear. We identified two conserved acidic residues in the 14-3-3 peptide-binding pocket (D129 and E136) that potentially regulate complex formation and dissociation. Altering these residues to alanine led to opposing effects on centrosome duplication. D129A inhibited centrosome duplication, whereas E136A stimulated centrosome amplification. These results were due to the differing abilities of these mutant proteins to form a complex with NPM1. Inhibiting complex formation between NPM1 and 14-3-3γ led to an increase in centrosome duplication and over-rode the ability of D129A to inhibit centrosome duplication. We identify a novel role of 14-3-3γ in regulating centrosome licensing and a novel mechanism underlying the formation and dissociation of 14-3-3 ligand complexes dictated by conserved residues in the 14-3-3 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunabha Bose
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Kruti Modi
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Suchismita Dey
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Somavally Dalvi
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prafful Nadkarni
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Mukund Sudarshan
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Prasanna Venkatraman
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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33
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Gudi RR, Janakiraman H, Howe PH, Palanisamy V, Vasu C. Loss of CPAP causes sustained EGFR signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral cancer. Oncotarget 2021; 12:807-822. [PMID: 33889303 PMCID: PMC8057274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling can contribute to tumor metastasis and resistance to therapies in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). EGFR signaling can promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSCC. EMT is a process by which epithelial cells acquire invasive properties and it can contribute to tumor metastasis. Not only do the abnormal functions of microtubule and microtubule-organizing centers (MTOC) such as centrosomes lead to cancers, but also the malignant tissues are characterized by aberrant centriolar features and amplified centrosomes. Microtubule inhibition therapies increase the sensitivity to EGFR targeting drugs in various cancers. In this study, we show that the loss of expression of a microtubule/tubulin binding protein, centrosomal protein 4.1-associated protein (CPAP), which is critical for centriole biogenesis and normal functioning of the centrosome, caused an increase in the EGFR levels and its signaling and, enhanced the EMT features and invasiveness of OSCC cells. Further, depletion of CPAP enhanced the tumorigenicity of these cells in a xeno-transplant model. Importantly, CPAP loss-associated EMT features and invasiveness of multiple OSCC cells were attenuated upon depletion of EGFR in them. On the other hand, we found that CPAP protein levels were higher in EGF treated OSCC cells as well as in oral cancer tissues, suggesting that the frequently reported aberrant centriolar features of tumors are potentially a consequence, but not the cause, of tumor progression. Overall, our novel observations show that, in addition to its known indispensable role in centrosome biogenesis, CPAP also plays a vital role in suppressing tumorigenesis in OSCC by facilitating EGFR homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika R Gudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Philip H Howe
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Viswanathan Palanisamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chenthamarakshan Vasu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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34
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Maddi ER, Natesh R. Optimization strategies for expression and purification of soluble N-terminal domain of human centriolar protein SAS-6 in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 183:105856. [PMID: 33640460 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Spindle assembly abnormal protein 6 (SAS-6), a highly conserved centriolar protein, constitutes the center of the cartwheel assembly that scaffolds centrioles early in their biogenesis. Abnormalities in cartwheel assembly lead to chromosomal dysfunctions. The molecular structure of human SAS-6 (HsSAS-6) and cartwheel hub and how they direct centriole symmetry is unknown. No crystal structure of wildtype HsSAS-6 has been reported to date, since soluble recombinant partial/full-length HsSAS-6 expression and purification posed grand challenges. In the present study we have explored optimization of ten different N terminal SAS-6 fusion proteins expression in a variety of E. coli hosts. During optimization we have included some of the most commonly used purification tags: Histidine tag, maltose-binding protein (MBP), small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) tag and modified MBP tag with surface entropy reduction mutations. We demonstrate several levels of tag assisted solubility and stable expression strategies. We find that the MBP tag accompanied by Surface Entropy Reduction mutations (MBP/SER) in a fixed arm approach rescues the folded SAS-6N protein with significantly improved solubility. This expression of HsSAS-6N in E. coli Rosetta DE3 pLysS expression strain gave rise to high protein expression yielding around 6.0-11.5 mg of soluble protein per liter of growth culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswar Reddy Maddi
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Ramanathan Natesh
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India.
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35
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Pellestor F, Gaillard JB, Schneider A, Puechberty J, Gatinois V. Chromoanagenesis, the mechanisms of a genomic chaos. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 123:90-99. [PMID: 33608210 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Designated under the name of chromoanagenesis, the phenomena of chromothripsis, chromanasynthesis and chromoplexy constitute new types of complex rearrangements, including many genomic alterations localized on a few chromosomal regions, and whose discovery over the last decade has changed our perception about the formation of chromosomal abnormalities and their etiology. Although exhibiting specific features, these new catastrophic mechanisms generally occur within a single cell cycle and their emergence is closely linked to genomic instability. Various non-exclusive exogenous or cellular mechanisms capable of generating chromoanagenesis have been evoked. However, recent experimental data shed light on 2 major processes, which following a defect in the mitotic segregation of chromosomes, can generate a cascade of cellular events leading to chromoanagenesis. These mechanisms are the formation of micronuclei integrating isolated chromosomal material, and the occurrence of chromatin bridges around chromosomal material resulting from telomeric fusions. In both cases, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of fragmentation, repair and transmission of damaged chromosomal material are consistent with the features of chromoanagenesis-related complex chromosomal rearrangements. In this review, we introduce each type of chromoanagenesis, and describe the experimental models that have allowed to validate the existence of chromoanagenesis events and to better understand their cellular mechanisms of formation and transmission, as well as their impact on the stability and the plasticity of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pellestor
- Unit of Chromosomal Genetics and Research Plateform Chromostem, Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier CHU, 371 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, Montpellier Cedex 5 34295, France; INSERM 1183 Unit "Genome and Stem Cell Plasticity in Development and Aging" Institute of Regenerative Medecine and Biotherapies, St Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France.
| | - J B Gaillard
- Unit of Chromosomal Genetics and Research Plateform Chromostem, Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier CHU, 371 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, Montpellier Cedex 5 34295, France
| | - A Schneider
- Unit of Chromosomal Genetics and Research Plateform Chromostem, Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier CHU, 371 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, Montpellier Cedex 5 34295, France
| | - J Puechberty
- Unit of Chromosomal Genetics and Research Plateform Chromostem, Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier CHU, 371 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, Montpellier Cedex 5 34295, France
| | - V Gatinois
- Unit of Chromosomal Genetics and Research Plateform Chromostem, Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier CHU, 371 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, Montpellier Cedex 5 34295, France; INSERM 1183 Unit "Genome and Stem Cell Plasticity in Development and Aging" Institute of Regenerative Medecine and Biotherapies, St Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
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36
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Magupalli VG, Negro R, Tian Y, Hauenstein AV, Di Caprio G, Skillern W, Deng Q, Orning P, Alam HB, Maliga Z, Sharif H, Hu JJ, Evavold CL, Kagan JC, Schmidt FI, Fitzgerald KA, Kirchhausen T, Li Y, Wu H. HDAC6 mediates an aggresome-like mechanism for NLRP3 and pyrin inflammasome activation. Science 2020; 369:369/6510/eaas8995. [PMID: 32943500 DOI: 10.1126/science.aas8995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are supramolecular complexes that play key roles in immune surveillance. This is accomplished by the activation of inflammatory caspases, which leads to the proteolytic maturation of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and pyroptosis. Here, we show that nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)- and pyrin-mediated inflammasome assembly, caspase activation, and IL-1β conversion occur at the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). Furthermore, the dynein adapter histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is indispensable for the microtubule transport and assembly of these inflammasomes both in vitro and in mice. Because HDAC6 can transport ubiquitinated pathological aggregates to the MTOC for aggresome formation and autophagosomal degradation, its role in NLRP3 and pyrin inflammasome activation also provides an inherent mechanism for the down-regulation of these inflammasomes by autophagy. This work suggests an unexpected parallel between the formation of physiological and pathological aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Giri Magupalli
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. .,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roberto Negro
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. .,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuzi Tian
- Department of Surgery, North Campus Research Complex, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Arthur V Hauenstein
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giuseppe Di Caprio
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wesley Skillern
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qiufang Deng
- Department of Surgery, North Campus Research Complex, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pontus Orning
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hasan B Alam
- Department of Surgery, North Campus Research Complex, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zoltan Maliga
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Humayun Sharif
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jun Jacob Hu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles L Evavold
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Florian I Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biomedical Center, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yongqing Li
- Department of Surgery, North Campus Research Complex, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. .,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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37
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Buerger K, Schmidt KN, Fokkema J, Gerritsen HC, Maier O, de Vries U, Zaytseva Y, Rachel R, Witzgall R. On-section correlative light and electron microscopy of large cellular volumes using STEM tomography. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 162:171-203. [PMID: 33707012 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The application of both fluorescence and electron microscopy results in a powerful combination of imaging modalities called "correlative light and electron microscopy" (CLEM). Whereas conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tomography is only able to image sections up to a thickness of ~300nm, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography at 200kV allows the analysis of sections up to a thickness of 900nm in three dimensions. In the current study we have successfully integrated STEM tomography into CLEM as demonstrated for human retinal pigment epithelial 1 (RPE1) cells expressing various fluorescent fusion proteins which were high-pressure frozen and then embedded in Lowicryl HM20. Fluorescently labeled gold nanoparticles were applied onto resin sections and imaged by fluorescence and electron microscopy. STEM tomograms were recorded at regions of interest, and overlays were generated using the eC-CLEM software package. Through the nuclear staining of living cells, the use of fluorescently labeled gold fiducials for the generation of overlays, and the integration of STEM tomography we have markedly extended the application of the Kukulski protocol (Kukulski et al., 2011, 2012). Various fluorescently tagged proteins localizing to different cellular organelles could be assigned to their ultrastructural compartments. By combining STEM tomography with on-section CLEM, fluorescently tagged proteins can be localized in three-dimensional ultrastructural environments with a volume of at least 2.7×2.7×0.5μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korbinian Buerger
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Kerstin N Schmidt
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jantina Fokkema
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C Gerritsen
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Maier
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe de Vries
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yulia Zaytseva
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Rachel
- Center for Electron Microscopy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Witzgall
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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38
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Bergmann L, Lang A, Bross C, Altinoluk-Hambüchen S, Fey I, Overbeck N, Stefanski A, Wiek C, Kefalas A, Verhülsdonk P, Mielke C, Sohn D, Stühler K, Hanenberg H, Jänicke RU, Scheller J, Reichert AS, Ahmadian MR, Piekorz RP. Subcellular Localization and Mitotic Interactome Analyses Identify SIRT4 as a Centrosomally Localized and Microtubule Associated Protein. Cells 2020; 9:E1950. [PMID: 32846968 PMCID: PMC7564595 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The stress-inducible and senescence-associated tumor suppressor SIRT4, a member of the family of mitochondrial sirtuins (SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5), regulates bioenergetics and metabolism via NAD+-dependent enzymatic activities. Next to the known mitochondrial location, we found that a fraction of endogenous or ectopically expressed SIRT4, but not SIRT3, is present in the cytosol and predominantly localizes to centrosomes. Confocal spinning disk microscopy revealed that SIRT4 is found during the cell cycle dynamically at centrosomes with an intensity peak in G2 and early mitosis. Moreover, SIRT4 precipitates with microtubules and interacts with structural (α,β-tubulin, γ-tubulin, TUBGCP2, TUBGCP3) and regulatory (HDAC6) microtubule components as detected by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometric analyses of the mitotic SIRT4 interactome. Overexpression of SIRT4 resulted in a pronounced decrease of acetylated α-tubulin (K40) associated with altered microtubule dynamics in mitotic cells. SIRT4 or the N-terminally truncated variant SIRT4(ΔN28), which is unable to translocate into mitochondria, delayed mitotic progression and reduced cell proliferation. This study extends the functional roles of SIRT4 beyond mitochondrial metabolism and provides the first evidence that SIRT4 acts as a novel centrosomal/microtubule-associated protein in the regulation of cell cycle progression. Thus, stress-induced SIRT4 may exert its role as tumor suppressor through mitochondrial as well as extramitochondrial functions, the latter associated with its localization at the mitotic spindle apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bergmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Lang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Bross
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone Altinoluk-Hambüchen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Iris Fey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Overbeck
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Stefanski
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Constanze Wiek
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Kefalas
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Verhülsdonk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Mielke
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis Sohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45112 Essen, Germany
| | - Reiner U Jänicke
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland P Piekorz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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39
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Jimenez-Gutierrez GE, Mondragon-Gonzalez R, Soto-Ponce LA, Gómez-Monsiváis WL, García-Aguirre I, Pacheco-Rivera RA, Suárez-Sánchez R, Brancaccio A, Magaña JJ, C.R. Perlingeiro R, Cisneros B. Loss of Dystroglycan Drives Cellular Senescence via Defective Mitosis-Mediated Genomic Instability. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4961. [PMID: 32674290 PMCID: PMC7404207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear β-dystroglycan (β-DG) is involved in the maintenance of nuclear architecture and function. Nonetheless, its relevance in defined nuclear processes remains to be determined. In this study we generated a C2C12 cell-based DG-null model using CRISPR-Cas9 technology to provide insights into the role of β-DG on nuclear processes. Since DG-null cells exhibited decreased levels of lamin B1, we aimed to elucidate the contribution of DG to senescence, owing to the central role of lamin B1 in this pathway. Remarkably, the lack of DG enables C2C12 cells to acquire senescent features, including cell-cycle arrest, increased senescence-associated-β-galactosidase activity, heterochromatin loss, aberrant nuclear morphology and nucleolar disruption. We demonstrated that genomic instability is one driving cause of the senescent phenotype in DG-null cells via the activation of a DNA-damage response associated with mitotic failure, as shown by the presence of multipolar mitotic spindles, which in turn induced the formation of micronuclei and γH2AX foci (DNA-damage marker), telomere shortening and p53/p21 upregulation. Altogether, these events might ultimately lead to premature senescence, impeding the replication of the damaged genome. In summary, we present evidence supporting a role for DG in protecting against senescence, through the maintenance of proper lamin B1 expression/localization and proper mitotic spindle organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Elizabeth Jimenez-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (G.E.J.-G.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.S.-P.); (W.L.G.-M.); (I.G.-A.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
| | - Ricardo Mondragon-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (G.E.J.-G.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.S.-P.); (W.L.G.-M.); (I.G.-A.)
| | - Luz Adriana Soto-Ponce
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (G.E.J.-G.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.S.-P.); (W.L.G.-M.); (I.G.-A.)
| | - Wendy Lilián Gómez-Monsiváis
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (G.E.J.-G.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.S.-P.); (W.L.G.-M.); (I.G.-A.)
| | - Ian García-Aguirre
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (G.E.J.-G.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.S.-P.); (W.L.G.-M.); (I.G.-A.)
| | - Ruth Abigail Pacheco-Rivera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
| | - Rocío Suárez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico;
| | - Andrea Brancaccio
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK;
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Jonathan Javier Magaña
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico;
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey-Campus Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 14380, Mexico
| | - Rita C.R. Perlingeiro
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Bulmaro Cisneros
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (G.E.J.-G.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.S.-P.); (W.L.G.-M.); (I.G.-A.)
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40
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Bilinski M, Lanari C, Fabris VT. Centrosome Abnormalities and Polyploidy in Murine Mammary Carcinomas with Different Degrees of Hormone Responsiveness. Cancer Invest 2020; 38:300-309. [PMID: 32378982 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2020.1766482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Centrosome amplification leads to aberrant mitosis, giving rise to aneuploidy and it has been associated with poor prognosis in human cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between polyploidy, centrosome abnormalities, and response to endocrine treatment in progestin-induced mouse mammary carcinomas. We found cells with three or more centrosomes in the polyploid tumors. The endocrine unresponsive tumors showed a higher average number of centrosomes per cell than the responsive tumors. The results suggest an association between polyploidy and centrosome amplification with the resistance to endocrine therapy in this luminal breast cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Bilinski
- Laboratory of Hormonal Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Laboratory of Hormonal Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria T Fabris
- Laboratory of Hormonal Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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41
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Xie M, Cai L, Li J, Zhao J, Guo Y, Hou Z, Zhang X, Tian H, Li A, Miao Y. FAM110B Inhibits Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion Through Inactivating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4373-4384. [PMID: 32547070 PMCID: PMC7245470 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s247491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE FAM110B is a member of the FAM110 family (family with sequence similarity 110), which is a component of the centrosome associated proteins. Previous studies have shown that FAM110B may be involved in the process of cell cycle and may play a role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Using an online database, we found that FAM110B may predict favorable prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, the role of FAM110B playing in NSCLC needs to be further investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Online databases and immunohistochemistry were used to predict the expression and prognostic value of FAM110B in NSCLC samples. Immunofluorescence staining was used to investigate the subcellular distribution of FAM110B. Western blot, MTT, colony formation, and matrigel invasion assay were used to detect the expression and the effect of FAM110B on mediating proliferation and invasion in NSCLC cell lines. RESULTS In this study, immunohistochemistry results showed that FAM110B expression significantly correlated with early TNM staging (P=0.020) and negative regional lymph node metastasis (P=0.006). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis found that the median survival time of patients with positive FAM110B expression (56.181±2.348 months) was significantly longer than those with negative FAM110B expression (47.701±2.997 months, P=0.024). Moreover, overexpression of FAM110B inhibited the proliferation and invasion of A549, H1299, and LK2 cell lines. Conversely, FAM110B RNAi exerted opposite effects in the above cell lines. Furthermore, FAM110B overexpression downregulated the active β-catenin, phosphorylation of GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β), cyclin B1, cyclin D1, MMP2, and MMP7, and upregulated the phosphorylation of β-catenin (p-β-catenin) in A549 and H1299 cells. Besides, the FAM110B-induced depressions of p-GSK-3β and active β-catenin were reversed after being treated with Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, XAV-939. CONCLUSION In summary, our results demonstrated that the overexpression of FAM110B restricts the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our study reveals the antitumor function of FAM110B in NSCLC and indicates that FAM110B is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Xie
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingduo Li
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingxue Guo
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zaiyu Hou
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiupeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailin Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Miao
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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Alfieri M, Iaconis D, Tammaro R, Perone L, Calì G, Nitsch L, Dougherty GW, Ragnini-Wilson A, Franco B. The centrosomal/basal body protein OFD1 is required for microtubule organization and cell cycle progression. Tissue Cell 2020; 64:101369. [PMID: 32473706 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral-Facial-Digital type I (OFD1) is a rare inherited form of renal cystic disease associated with ciliary dysfunction. This disorder is due to mutations in the OFD1 gene that encodes a protein localized to centrosomes and basal bodies in different cell types. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that OFD1 displays a dynamic distribution during cell cycle. High-content microscopy analysis of Ofd1-depleted fibroblasts revealed impaired cell cycle progression. Immunofluorescence analysis and cell proliferation assays also indicated the presence of a variety of defects such as centrosome accumulation, nuclear abnormalities and aneuploidy. In addition, Ofd1-depleted cells displayed an abnormal microtubule network that may underlie these defects. All together our results suggest that OFD1 contributes to the function of the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in the cell, controlling cell cycle progression both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaevelina Alfieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Iaconis
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Tammaro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Perone
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Calì
- National Research Council - Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Nitsch
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gerard W Dougherty
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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43
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Remo A, Li X, Schiebel E, Pancione M. The Centrosome Linker and Its Role in Cancer and Genetic Disorders. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:380-393. [PMID: 32277932 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Centrosome cohesion, the joining of the two centrosomes of a cell, is increasingly appreciated as a major regulator of cell functions such as Golgi organization and cilia positioning. One major element of centrosome cohesion is the centrosome linker that consists of a growing number of proteins. The timely disassembly of the centrosome linker enables centrosomes to separate and assemble a functional bipolar mitotic spindle that is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity. Exciting new findings link centrosome linker defects to cell transformation and genetic disorders. We review recent data on the molecular mechanisms of the assembly and disassembly of the centrosome linker, and discuss how defects in the proper execution of these processes cause DNA damage and genomic instability leading to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Remo
- Pathology Unit, Mater Salutis Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria (AULSS) 9 'Scaligera', Verona, Italy
| | - Xue Li
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS), Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elmar Schiebel
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Massimo Pancione
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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44
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Centrioles control the capacity, but not the specificity, of cytotoxic T cell killing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:4310-4319. [PMID: 32041868 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913220117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological synapse formation between cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and the target cells they aim to destroy is accompanied by reorientation of the CTL centrosome to a position beneath the synaptic membrane. Centrosome polarization is thought to enhance the potency and specificity of killing by driving lytic granule fusion at the synapse and thereby the release of perforin and granzymes toward the target cell. To test this model, we employed a genetic strategy to delete centrioles, the core structural components of the centrosome. Centriole deletion altered microtubule architecture as expected but surprisingly had no effect on lytic granule polarization and directional secretion. Nevertheless, CTLs lacking centrioles did display substantially reduced killing potential, which was associated with defects in both lytic granule biogenesis and synaptic actin remodeling. These results reveal an unexpected role for the intact centrosome in controlling the capacity but not the specificity of cytotoxic killing.
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45
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Studying Centriole Duplication and Elongation in Human Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31879903 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0219-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Centrioles assemble centrosomes and cilia/flagella, which are microtubule-based structures with key roles in cell division, polarity, motility, and signaling. Centriole biogenesis is a tightly regulated process, and deregulation of centriole numbers and structure can have dramatic consequences for cellular function and integrity. However, their small size poses a challenge to study them. Here, we describe protocols that allow the identification and assessment of true centrioles and that provide straightforward strategies to study the role of new candidate proteins in centriole duplication and elongation.
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Abstract
The primary cilium is a microtubule-based structure projecting from a cell. Although the primary cilium shows no motility, it can recognize environmental stimuli. Thus, ciliary defects cause severe abnormalities called ciliopathies. Ciliogenesis is a very complex process and involves a myriad of components and regulators. In order to excavate the novel positive regulators of ciliogenesis, we performed mRNA microarray using starved NIH/3T3 cells. We selected 62 murine genes with corresponding human orthologs, with significantly upregulated expression at 24 h after serum withdrawal. Finally, calpain-6 was selected as a positive regulator of ciliogenesis. We found that calpain-6 deficiency reduced the percentage of ciliated cells and impaired sonic hedgehog signaling. It has been speculated that this defect might be associated with decreased levels of α-tubulin acetylation at lysine 40. This is the first study to report a novel role of calpain-6 in the formation of primary cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hye Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Sumin Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Je Yeong Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Gyuyeong Rah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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47
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Endo Y, Watanabe M, Miyajima-Magara N, Igarashi M, Mochizuki M, Nishimura R, Sugano S, Sasaki N, Nakagawa T. DNA aneuploidy and centrosome amplification in canine tumor cell lines. Tissue Cell 2019; 61:67-71. [PMID: 31759409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA aneuploidy, the altered DNA content of a cell, is a common feature of canine tumors. However, it is unclear whether aneuploid DNA in canine tumor cells show centrosome amplification (CA), which contributes to numerical and structural chromosome aberrations that result in DNA aneuploidy. Here, we evaluated whether DNA aneuploidy and CA occur concurrently in canine tumor cell lines. Centrosome numbers were evaluated in 18 canine tumor cell lines by immunocytochemistry with anti-γ-tubulin antibody, and DNA content was evaluated by flow cytometry using propidium iodide. A total of 15 cell lines showed DNA aneuploidy, and CA was observed in 5 of these 15 cell lines. Together, our results suggest that DNA aneuploidy in canine tumor cells might be explained at least in part by CA. In addition, cell lines with CA may be useful tools to examine the detailed relationship between CA and DNA aneuploidy and the molecular mechanism of CA in canine tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Endo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Manabu Watanabe
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Genome Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Nozomi Miyajima-Magara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Maki Igarashi
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Genome Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Manabu Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Sumio Sugano
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Genome Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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48
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Holdgaard SG, Cianfanelli V, Pupo E, Lambrughi M, Lubas M, Nielsen JC, Eibes S, Maiani E, Harder LM, Wesch N, Foged MM, Maeda K, Nazio F, de la Ballina LR, Dötsch V, Brech A, Frankel LB, Jäättelä M, Locatelli F, Barisic M, Andersen JS, Bekker-Jensen S, Lund AH, Rogov VV, Papaleo E, Lanzetti L, De Zio D, Cecconi F. Selective autophagy maintains centrosome integrity and accurate mitosis by turnover of centriolar satellites. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4176. [PMID: 31519908 PMCID: PMC6744468 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is the master orchestrator of mitotic spindle formation and chromosome segregation in animal cells. Centrosome abnormalities are frequently observed in cancer, but little is known of their origin and about pathways affecting centrosome homeostasis. Here we show that autophagy preserves centrosome organization and stability through selective turnover of centriolar satellite components, a process we termed doryphagy. Autophagy targets the satellite organizer PCM1 by interacting with GABARAPs via a C-terminal LIR motif. Accordingly, autophagy deficiency results in accumulation of large abnormal centriolar satellites and a resultant dysregulation of centrosome composition. These alterations have critical impact on centrosome stability and lead to mitotic centrosome fragmentation and unbalanced chromosome segregation. Our findings identify doryphagy as an important centrosome-regulating pathway and bring mechanistic insights to the link between autophagy dysfunction and chromosomal instability. In addition, we highlight the vital role of centriolar satellites in maintaining centrosome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søs Grønbæk Holdgaard
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Valentina Cianfanelli
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Emanuela Pupo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, 10100, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060, Italy
| | - Matteo Lambrughi
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Michal Lubas
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Julie C Nielsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Susana Eibes
- Cell Division Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Emiliano Maiani
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Lea M Harder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Nicole Wesch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mads Møller Foged
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, 00143, Italy
| | - Laura R de la Ballina
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Brech
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa B Frankel
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- RNA and Autophagy group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, 00143, Italy
- Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Marin Barisic
- Cell Division Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Jens S Andersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Simon Bekker-Jensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Anders H Lund
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Vladimir V Rogov
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, 10100, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060, Italy
| | - Daniela De Zio
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, 00143, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy.
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49
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Gatinois V, Bigi N, Mousty E, Chiesa J, Musizzano Y, Schneider A, Lefort G, Pinson L, Gaillard JB, Ragon C, Perez MJ, Tournaire M, Blanchet P, Corsini C, Haquet E, Callier P, Geneviève D, Pellestor F, Puechberty J. Mosaic complete tetrasomy 21 in a fetus with complete atrioventricular septal defect and minor morphological variations. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00895. [PMID: 31493343 PMCID: PMC6825868 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tetrasomy 21 is a very rare aneuploidy which could clinically resemble a Down syndrome. It was most often described in its partial form than complete. We report the prenatal, pathological and genetic characteristics of a fetus with mosaic complete tetrasomy 21. This is the second well‐documented description of a complete tetrasomy 21 in the literature. Methods Prenatal and fetal pathological examinations, cytogenetic and molecular analyses were performed to characterize fetal features with tetrasomy 21. Results Prenatal ultrasound examination revealed an isolated complete atrioventricular septal defect with normal karyotype on amniotic fluid. After termination of pregnancy, clinical examination of the fetus evoked trisomy 21 or Down syndrome. Chromosomal microarray analysis and FISH on lung tissue showed a mosaicism with four copies of chromosome 21 (tetrasomy 21). Conclusion Our observation and the review of the literature reported the possibility of very weak mosaicism and disease‐causing confined tissue‐specific mosaicism in fetus or alive patients with chromosome 21 aneuploidy, mainly Down syndrome. In case of clinical diagnosis suggestive of Down syndrome, attention must be paid to the risk of false‐negative test due to chromosomal mosaicism (very weak percentage, different tissue distribution). To overcome this risk, it is necessary to privilege the diagnostic techniques without culture step and to increase the number of cells and tissues analyzed, if possible. This study highlights the limits of microarray as the unique diagnostic approach in case of weak mosaic and French cytogenetics guidelines recommend to check anomalies seen in microarray by another technique on the same tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gatinois
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicole Bigi
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eve Mousty
- Département de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Carémeau, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Jean Chiesa
- Laboratoire de Cytologie Clinique et Cytogénétique, Hôpital Carémeau, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Yuri Musizzano
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anouck Schneider
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Lefort
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucile Pinson
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Gaillard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Cytologie Clinique et Cytogénétique, Hôpital Carémeau, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Clémence Ragon
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Cytogénétique, Hôpital du Bocage, CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Josée Perez
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Magali Tournaire
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patricia Blanchet
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Carole Corsini
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Haquet
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Callier
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Cytogénétique, Hôpital du Bocage, CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - David Geneviève
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Pellestor
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Puechberty
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Abstract
Mitosis ensures accurate segregation of duplicated DNA through tight regulation of chromosome condensation, bipolar spindle assembly, chromosome alignment in the metaphase plate, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), in particular PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, PARP5a (TNKS1), as well as poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), regulate different mitotic functions, including centrosome function, mitotic spindle assembly, mitotic checkpoints, telomere length and telomere cohesion. PARP depletion or inhibition give rise to various mitotic defects such as centrosome amplification, multipolar spindles, chromosome misalignment, premature loss of cohesion, metaphase arrest, anaphase DNA bridges, lagging chromosomes, and micronuclei. As the mechanisms of PARP1/2 inhibitor-mediated cell death are being progressively elucidated, it is becoming clear that mitotic defects caused by PARP1/2 inhibition arise due to replication stress and DNA damage in S phase. As it stands, entrapment of inactive PARP1/2 on DNA phenocopies replication stress through accumulation of unresolved replication intermediates, double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) and incorrectly repaired DSBs, which can be transmitted from S phase to mitosis and instigate various mitotic defects, giving rise to both numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations. Cancer cells have increased levels of replication stress, which makes them particularly susceptible to a combination of agents that compromise replication fork stability. Indeed, combining PARP1/2 inhibitors with genetic deficiencies in DNA repair pathways, DNA-damaging agents, ATR and other cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors has yielded synergistic effects in killing cancer cells. Here I provide a comprehensive overview of the mitotic functions of PARPs and PARG, mitotic phenotypes induced by their depletion or inhibition, as well as the therapeutic relevance of targeting mitotic cells by directly interfering with mitotic functions or indirectly through replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Slade
- Department of Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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