1
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Brantley KD, Tamimi RM. The association between infectious agents and breast cancer: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 207:235-252. [PMID: 38971906 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several viruses have been casually linked to human cancers, including cervical, nasopharyngeal, liver, sarcoma, and Merkel cell carcinomas. However, the etiologic contribution of viral infections to breast cancer, the number one incident cancer among women worldwide, is not well established. Among studies exploring associations of viruses with breast cancer, potential linkages have been identified between breast cancer and five viruses: beta retrovirus, (i.e., mouse mammary tumor virus), human papillomavirus, Epstein Barr virus. bovine leukemia virus, and human cytomegalovirus. METHODS In this review, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of epidemiological ecologic, case-control, case-only, and cohort studies investigating these associations. We discuss results from several existing reviews and meta-analyses, evaluate epidemiological studies published in the past five years, and assess the relationship between these viruses and breast tumor clinicopathological factors. RESULTS The strongest epidemiological evidence for a viral role in breast cancer exists for MMTV and HPV, though limitations include lack of prospective studies for MMTV and potential detection bias in HPV studies. Viral detection challenges have limited studies of EBV and HCMV. Fewer studies have evaluated BLV, and though it has been associated with higher risk of breast cancer, sample sizes are quite small. CONCLUSION: While epidemiologic evidence exists for an association between these five viruses and breast cancer, various methodological issues and lack of prospective studies preclude robust conclusions. Future research should prioritize establishing a temporal relationship between infection and disease, minimizing misclassification of detection assays, and further exploring the influence of co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D Brantley
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MS, USA.
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
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2
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James LM, Georgopoulos AP. Breast cancer, viruses, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA). Sci Rep 2024; 14:16179. [PMID: 39003313 PMCID: PMC11246526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Several viruses have been implicated in breast cancer, including human herpes virus 4 (HHV4), human herpes virus 5 (HHV5), human papilloma virus (HPV), human JC polyoma virus (JCV), human endogenous retrovirus group K (HERVK), bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is involved in virus elimination and has been shown to influence breast cancer protection/susceptibility. Here we investigated the hypothesis that the contribution of a virus to development of breast cancer would depend on the presence of the virus, which, in turn, would be inversely related to the success of its elimination. For that purpose, we estimated in silico predicted binding affinities (PBA) of proteins of the 7 viruses above to 127 common HLA alleles (69 Class I [HLA-I] and 58 Class II HLA-II]) and investigated the association of these binding affinities to the breast cancer-HLA (BC-HLA) immunogenetic profile of the same alleles. Using hierarchical tree clustering, we found that, for HLA-I, viruses BLV, JCV and MMTV were grouped with the BC-HLA, whereas, for HLA-II, viruses BLV, HERVK, HPV, JCV, and MMTV were grouped with BC-HLA. Finally, for both HLA classes, the average PBAs of the viruses grouped with the BC-HLA profile were significantly lower than those of the other, non BC-HLA associated viruses. Assuming that low PBAs are likely associated with slower viral elimination, these findings support the hypothesis that a defective/slower elimination and, hence, longer persistence and inefficient/delayed production of antibodies against them underlies the observed association of the low-PBA group with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M James
- The HLA Research Group, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis VAMC, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Apostolos P Georgopoulos
- The HLA Research Group, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis VAMC, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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3
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Trivic A, Milovanovic J, Kablar D, Tomic A, Folic M, Jotic A, Tomanovic N, Tomic AM, Djoric I, Jankovic M. Friend or Foe? Exploring the Role of Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Infection in Head and Neck Tumors. Biomedicines 2024; 12:872. [PMID: 38672226 PMCID: PMC11048144 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although not regarded as an oncogenic pathogen, the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been associated with a wide array of malignancies. Conversely, a number of studies report on possible anti-tumor properties of the virus, apparently mediated via HCMV-galvanized T-cell tumor killing; these were recently being investigated in clinical trials for the purposes of anti-cancer treatment by means of dendritic cell vaccines and HCMV-specific cytotoxic T cells. In the present study, we have analyzed the relation between a complement of head-and-neck tumors and HCMV infection across 73 countries worldwide using Spearman correlation, univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Intriguingly, HCMV was found to be pro-oncogenic in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma; contrarywise, the virus manifested an inverse (i.e., anti-tumor) association with the tumors of the lip/oral region and the salivary glands. Although this putative protective effect was noted initially for thyroid neoplasia and hypopharyngeal tumors as well, after multivariate regression analysis the connection did not hold. There was no association between laryngeal cancer and HCMV infection. It would appear that, depending on the tissue, HCMV may exert both protective and oncogenic effects. The globally observed protective feature of the virus could potentially be utilized in future therapeutic approaches for salivary tumors and neoplasia in the lip/oral region. As correlation does not necessarily imply causation, more in-depth molecular analyses from comprehensive clinical studies are warranted to substantiate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Trivic
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 2 Pasterova Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (A.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.M.T.); (I.D.)
| | - Jovica Milovanovic
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 2 Pasterova Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (A.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.M.T.); (I.D.)
| | - Djurdjina Kablar
- Department for Pathology, Pathohistology and Medical Cytology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ana Tomic
- Center for Radiology Imaging, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 2 Pasterova Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Miljan Folic
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 2 Pasterova Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (A.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.M.T.); (I.D.)
| | - Ana Jotic
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 2 Pasterova Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (A.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.M.T.); (I.D.)
| | - Nada Tomanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.M.T.); (I.D.)
- Institute of Pathology, 1 Dr. Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Marija Tomic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.M.T.); (I.D.)
- Institute of Pathology, 1 Dr. Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Djoric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.M.T.); (I.D.)
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Institute of Radiology, 4 Dr. Koste Todorovića Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Jankovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.M.T.); (I.D.)
- Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, 1 Dr. Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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4
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Jankovic M, Knezevic T, Tomic A, Milicevic O, Jovanovic T, Djunic I, Mihaljevic B, Knezevic A, Todorovic-Balint M. Human Cytomegalovirus Oncoprotection across Diverse Populations, Tumor Histologies, and Age Groups: The Relevance for Prospective Vaccinal Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3741. [PMID: 38612552 PMCID: PMC11012084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The oncogenicity of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is currently being widely debated. Most recently, mounting clinical evidence suggests an anti-cancer effect via CMV-induced T cell-mediated tumor destruction. However, the data were mostly obtained from single-center studies and in vitro experiments. Broad geographic coverage is required to offer a global perspective. Our study examined the correlation between country-specific CMV seroprevalence (across 73 countries) and the age-standardized incidence rate (of 34 invasive tumors). The populations studied were stratified according to decadal age periods as the immunologic effects of CMV seropositivity may depend upon age at initial infection. The International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization (IARC WHO) database was used. The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a worldwide inverse correlation between CMV seroprevalence and the incidences of 62.8% tumors. Notably, this inverse link persists for all cancers combined (Spearman's ρ = -0.732, p < 0.001; β = -0.482, p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.737). An antithetical and significant correlation was also observed in particular age groups for the vast majority of tumors. Our results corroborate the conclusions of previous studies and indicate that this oncopreventive phenomenon holds true on a global scale. It applies to a wide spectrum of cancer histologies, additionally supporting the idea of a common underlying mechanism-CMV-stimulated T cell tumor targeting. Although these results further advance the notion of CMV-based therapies, in-depth investigation of host-virus interactions is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Jankovic
- Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, 1 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
| | - Tara Knezevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
| | - Ana Tomic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
| | - Ognjen Milicevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, 15 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Institute for Biocides and Medical Ecology, 16 Trebevicka Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Irena Djunic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
- Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 2 Dr Koste Todorovica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Mihaljevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
- Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 2 Dr Koste Todorovica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Knezevic
- Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, 1 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
| | - Milena Todorovic-Balint
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
- Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 2 Dr Koste Todorovica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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5
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Müller L, Di Benedetto S. Immunosenescence and Cytomegalovirus: Exploring Their Connection in the Context of Aging, Health, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:753. [PMID: 38255826 PMCID: PMC10815036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging induces numerous physiological alterations, with immunosenescence emerging as a pivotal factor. This phenomenon has attracted both researchers and clinicians, prompting profound questions about its implications for health and disease. Among the contributing factors, one intriguing actor in this complex interplay is human cytomegalovirus (CMV), a member of the herpesvirus family. Latent CMV infection exerts a profound influence on the aging immune system, potentially contributing to age-related diseases. This review delves into the intricate relationship between immunosenescence and CMV, revealing how chronic viral infection impacts the aging immune landscape. We explore the mechanisms through which CMV can impact both the composition and functionality of immune cell populations and induce shifts in inflammatory profiles with aging. Moreover, we examine the potential role of CMV in pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, COVID-19, and Long COVID. This review underlines the importance of understanding the complex interplay between immunosenescence and CMV. It offers insights into the pathophysiology of aging and age-associated diseases, as well as COVID-19 outcomes among the elderly. By unraveling the connections between immunosenescence and CMV, we gain a deeper understanding of aging's remarkable journey and the profound role that viral infections play in transforming the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Yu C, He S, Zhu W, Ru P, Ge X, Govindasamy K. Human cytomegalovirus in cancer: the mechanism of HCMV-induced carcinogenesis and its therapeutic potential. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1202138. [PMID: 37424781 PMCID: PMC10327488 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1202138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a well-studied herpesvirus, has been implicated in malignancies derived from breast, colorectal muscle, brain, and other cancers. Intricate host-virus interactions are responsible for the cascade of events that have the potential to result in the transformed phenotype of normal cells. The HCMV genome contains oncogenes that may initiate these types of cancers, and although the primary HCMV infection is usually asymptomatic, the virus remains in the body in a latent or persistent form. Viral reactivation causes severe health issues in immune-compromised individuals, including cancer patients, organ transplants, and AIDS patients. This review focuses on the immunologic mechanisms and molecular mechanisms of HCMV-induced carcinogenesis, methods of HCMV treatment, and other studies. Studies show that HCMV DNA and virus-specific antibodies are present in many types of cancers, implicating HCMV as an important player in cancer progression. Importantly, many clinical trials have been initiated to exploit HCMV as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer, particularly in immunotherapy strategies in the treatment of breast cancer and glioblastoma patients. Taken together, these findings support a link between HCMV infections and cellular growth that develops into cancer. More importantly, HCMV is the leading cause of birth defects in newborns, and infection with HCMV is responsible for abortions in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yu
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Suna He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Wenwen Zhu
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Penghui Ru
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xuemei Ge
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kavitha Govindasamy
- School of Arts and Science, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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7
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Kandeel M. Oncogenic Viruses-Encoded microRNAs and Their Role in the Progression of Cancer: Emerging Targets for Antiviral and Anticancer Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040485. [PMID: 37111242 PMCID: PMC10146417 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 20% of all cases of human cancer are caused by viral infections. Although a great number of viruses are capable of causing a wide range of tumors in animals, only seven of these viruses have been linked to human malignancies and are presently classified as oncogenic viruses. These include the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Some other viruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are associated with highly oncogenic activities. It is possible that virally encoded microRNAs (miRNAs), which are ideal non-immunogenic tools for viruses, play a significant role in carcinogenic processes. Both virus-derived microRNAs (v-miRNAs) and host-derived microRNAs (host miRNAs) can influence the expression of various host-derived and virus-derived genes. The current literature review begins with an explanation of how viral infections might exert their oncogenic properties in human neoplasms, and then goes on to discuss the impact of diverse viral infections on the advancement of several types of malignancies via the expression of v-miRNAs. Finally, the role of new anti-oncoviral therapies that could target these neoplasms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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8
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Touma J, Pantalone MR, Rahbar A, Liu Y, Vetvik K, Sauer T, Söderberg-Naucler C, Geisler J. Human Cytomegalovirus Protein Expression Is Correlated with Shorter Overall Survival in Breast Cancer Patients: A Cohort Study. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030732. [PMID: 36992442 PMCID: PMC10054688 DOI: 10.3390/v15030732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is increasingly suggested to be involved in human carcinogenesis and onco-modulation due to its ability to contribute to all hallmarks of cancer. Growing evidence demonstrates a link between HCMV infection and various malignancies, including breast cancer, which incidence and mortality are still on the rise. The etiology of breast cancer remains mostly unclear, leaving 80% of breast cancer cases considered to be sporadic. Identifying novel risk- and prognostic factors for improved breast cancer treatment and increased survival rates, were the objectives of this study. Methods: Automated immunohistochemical staining results for HCMV proteins in 109 breast tumors and lymph node metastasis were correlated with clinical follow-up data (>10 years). Statistical analyses for median Overall Survival (OS) were performed. Results: Survival analyses revealed shorter median OS for patients with HCMV-IE positive tumors of 118.4 months compared to 202.4 months for HCMV-IE negative tumors. A higher number of HCMV-LA positive cells in the tumors was also associated with a shorter OS in patients (146.2 months vs. 151.5 months). Conclusions: Our findings suggest a link between HCMV-infections and breast cancer prognosis, which paves the way for potential novel clinical intervention and targeted therapy that may prolong the overall survival of selected patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Touma
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), 1478 Nordbyhagen, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), 1478 Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Mattia Russel Pantalone
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Afsar Rahbar
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), 1478 Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Katja Vetvik
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), 1478 Nordbyhagen, Norway
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), 1478 Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Torill Sauer
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), 1478 Nordbyhagen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), 1478 Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Cecilia Söderberg-Naucler
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Biomedicine, Unit for Infection and Immunology, MediCity Research Laboratory, Turku University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: (C.S.-N.); (J.G.); Tel.: +46-8-5177-9816 (C.S.-N.); +47-9118-7447 (J.G.)
| | - Jürgen Geisler
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), 1478 Nordbyhagen, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), 1478 Nordbyhagen, Norway
- Correspondence: (C.S.-N.); (J.G.); Tel.: +46-8-5177-9816 (C.S.-N.); +47-9118-7447 (J.G.)
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9
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Khanal P, Patil VS, Bhandare VV, Patil PP, Patil BM, Dwivedi PSR, Bhattacharya K, Harish DR, Roy S. Systems and in vitro pharmacology profiling of diosgenin against breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1052849. [PMID: 36686654 PMCID: PMC9846155 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1052849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to establish a mode of action for diosgenin against breast cancer employing a range of system biology tools and to corroborate its results with experimental facts. Methodology: The diosgenin-regulated domains implicated in breast cancer were enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database to establish diosgenin-protein(s)-pathway(s) associations. Later, molecular docking and the lead complexes were considered for molecular dynamics simulations, MMPBSA, principal component, and dynamics cross-correlation matrix analysis using GROMACS v2021. Furthermore, survival analysis was carried out for the diosgenin-regulated proteins that were anticipated to be involved in breast cancer. For gene expression analyses, the top three targets with the highest binding affinity for diosgenin and tumor expression were examined. Furthermore, the effect of diosgenin on cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and the partial Warburg effect was tested to validate the computational findings using functional outputs of the lead targets. Results: The protein-protein interaction had 57 edges, an average node degree of 5.43, and a p-value of 3.83e-14. Furthermore, enrichment analysis showed 36 KEGG pathways, 12 cellular components, 27 molecular functions, and 307 biological processes. In network analysis, three hub proteins were notably modulated: IGF1R, MDM2, and SRC, diosgenin with the highest binding affinity with IGF1R (binding energy -8.6 kcal/mol). Furthermore, during the 150 ns molecular dynamics (MD) projection run, diosgenin exhibited robust intermolecular interactions and had the least free binding energy with IGF1R (-35.143 kcal/mol) compared to MDM2 (-34.619 kcal/mol), and SRC (-17.944 kcal/mol). Diosgenin exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against MCF7 cell lines (IC50 12.05 ± 1.33) µg/ml. Furthermore, in H2O2-induced oxidative stress, the inhibitory constant (IC50 7.68 ± 0.51) µg/ml of diosgenin was lowest in MCF7 cell lines. However, the reversal of the Warburg effect by diosgenin seemed to be maximum in non-cancer Vero cell lines (EC50 15.27 ± 0.95) µg/ml compared to the rest. Furthermore, diosgenin inhibited cell proliferation in SKBR3 cell lines more though. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that diosgenin impacts a series of signaling pathways, involved in the advancement of breast cancer, including FoxO, PI3K-Akt, p53, Ras, and MAPK signaling. Additionally, diosgenin established a persistent diosgenin-protein complex and had a significant binding affinity towards IGF1R, MDM2, and SRC. It is possible that this slowed down cell growth, countered the Warburg phenomenon, and showed the cytotoxicity towards breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India,*Correspondence: Pukar Khanal, ; Darasaguppe R. Harish,
| | - Vishal S. Patil
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Priyanka P. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, India
| | - B. M. Patil
- PRES’s Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy Pravaranagar, Loni, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prarambh S. R. Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India,Royal School of Pharmacy, The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Darasaguppe R. Harish
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India,*Correspondence: Pukar Khanal, ; Darasaguppe R. Harish,
| | - Subarna Roy
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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10
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Patil P, Toprak UH, Seufert J, Braun T, Bernhart SH, Wiehle L, Müller A, Schlesner M, Herling M, Lichter P, Stilgenbauer S, Siebert R, Zapatka M. Exploration of whole genome and transcriptome sequencing data lacks evidence for oncogenic viral elements to drive the pathogenesis of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:3253-3256. [PMID: 36083597 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2116933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paurnima Patil
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Umut H Toprak
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Seufert
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Braun
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan H Bernhart
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Transcriptome Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Wiehle
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Biomedical Informatics, Data Mining and Data Analytics, Faculty of Applied Informatics and Medical Faculty, Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marco Herling
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany.,Clinic of Hematology, Cellular Therapy and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc Zapatka
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Mohamed HT, El-Sharkawy AA, El-Shinawi M, Schneider RJ, Mohamed MM. Inflammatory Breast Cancer: The Secretome of HCMV+ Tumor-Associated Macrophages Enhances Proliferation, Invasion, Colony Formation, and Expression of Cancer Stem Cell Markers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:899622. [PMID: 35847899 PMCID: PMC9281473 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.899622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a highly aggressive phenotype of breast cancer that is characterized by a high incidence early metastasis. We previously reported a significant association of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA in the carcinoma tissues of IBC patients but not in the adjacent normal tissues. HCMV-infected macrophages serve as “mobile vectors” for spreading and disseminating virus to different organs, and IBC cancer tissues are highly infiltrated by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that enhance IBC progression and promote breast cancer stem cell (BCSC)-like properties. Therefore, there is a need to understand the role of HCMV-infected TAMs in IBC progression. The present study aimed to test the effect of the secretome (cytokines and secreted factors) of TAMs derived from HCMV+ monocytes isolated from IBC specimens on the proliferation, invasion, and BCSC abundance when tested on the IBC cell line SUM149. HCMV+ monocytes were isolated from IBC patients during modified radical mastectomy surgery and tested in vitro for polarization into TAMs using the secretome of SUM149 cells. MTT, clonogenic, invasion, real-time PCR arrays, PathScan Intracellular Signaling array, and cytokine arrays were used to characterize the secretome of HCMV+ TAMs for their effect on the progression of SUM149 cells. The results showed that the secretome of HCMV+ TAMs expressed high levels of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 cytokines compared to HCMV- TAMs. In addition, the secretome of HCMV+ TAMs induced the proliferation, invasion, colony formation, and expression of BCSC-related genes in SUM149 cells compared to mock untreated cells. In addition, the secretome of HCMV+ TAMs activated the phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules p-STAT3, p-AMPKα, p-PRAS40, and p-SAPK/JNK in SUM149 cells. In conclusion, this study shows that the secretome of HCMV+ TAMs enhances the proliferation, invasion, colony formation, and BCSC properties by activating the phosphorylation of p-STAT3, p-AMPKα, p-PRAS40, and p-SAPK/JNK intracellular signaling molecules in IBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Taha Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Hossam Taha Mohamed,
| | | | - Mohamed El-Shinawi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Galala University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Robert J. Schneider
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mona Mostafa Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Sector of International Cooperation, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
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12
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Nelson HH, Contestabile E, Hunter-Schlichting D, Koestler D, Pawlita M, Waterboer T, Christensen BC, Petersen CL, Miller JS, Kelsey KT. Human cytomegalovirus alters immune cell profile with potential implications for patient survival in head and neck cancer. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:430-436. [PMID: 35259245 PMCID: PMC9167029 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a highly prevalent human herpes virus that exerts a strong influence on immune repertoire which may influence cancer risk. We have tested whether CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) serostatus is associated with immune cell proportions (n = 132 population controls), human papillomavirus (HPV) co-infection and head and neck cancer risk (n = 184 cancer cases and 188 controls) and patient survival. CMV status was not associated with the proportion of Natural Killer cells, B cells or the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. However, CD8+ T cells increased with increasing categories of IgG titers (P =1.7 × 10-10), and titers were inversely associated with the CD4:CD8 ratio (P = 5.6 × 10-5). Despite these differences in T cell proportions, CMV was not associated with HPV16 co-infection. CMV seropositivity was similar in cases (52%) and controls (47%) and was not associated with patient survival (hazard ratio [HR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70 to 1.86). However, those patients with the highest titers had the worst survival (HR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.13 to 3.23). Tumor-based data from The Cancer Genome Atlas demonstrated that the presence of CMV transcripts was associated with worse patient survival (HR 1.79, 95% CI: 0.96 to 2.78). These findings confirm that a history of CMV infection alters T cell proportions, but this does not translate to HPV16 co-infection or head and neck cancer risk. Our data suggest that high titers and active CMV virus in the tumor environment may confer worse survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather H Nelson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Emma Contestabile
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - DeVon Hunter-Schlichting
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Devin Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Curtis L Petersen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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13
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Molecular Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus in Breast Cancer of Iranian Women Using Real-Time PCR. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.115720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The role of carcinogenic viruses in developing breast cancer has not yet been identified. Many studies have examined the association between breast cancer and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), but conflicting results have been reported. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of IgM & IgG antibodies against HCMV by identifying the viral genome in the breast tissue of women with breast cancer. Methods: A total of 60 patients with breast cancer and 60 healthy individuals (40 cases with fibroadenoma and 20 healthy samples) were selected. Serum levels of IgM & IgG antibodies against HCMV were measured by ELISA, and after DNA extraction from the breast tissue, the presence of the cytomegaloviruses (CMV) genome was assessed by Real-Time PCR. Results: Real-time PCR results showed that 20 samples of breast cancer tissue and 5 samples of fibroadenoma were positive for CMV genome (P = 0.001, OR: 5.50, CI 95%: 1.90 - 15.89). All samples had CMV-IgG antibody in their serum, but their mean serum level was higher in the cancer group (48.27 ± 15.99 U/mL) than the control group (40.11 ± 18.01 U/mL) (P = 0.004). However, CMV-IgM anti-viral antibody was positive in 5 cases with cancer and 3 cases in the control group. The mean serum concentration of this antibody was higher in the cancer group (6.60 ± 6.75 U/mL) than the control group (4.92 ± 3.03 U/mL) (P = 0.099). Conclusions: Increased serum levels of anti-CMV antibodies in patients with cancer, as well as the presence of viral genomes in some cases, indicate the carcinogenesis effect of the virus.
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14
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Smibert OC, Allison CC, Doerflinger M, Pellegrini M, Rischin D, Thai A, Slavin MA, Kotton CN. Pseudotumor presentation of CMV disease: Diagnostic dilemma and association with immunomodulating therapy. Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 23:e13531. [PMID: 33249726 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised host. Atypical presentations which include pseudotumors or "cancer mimics" have been described. The etiology of these lesions remains unclear. The authors describe two previously unpublished cases that have arisen in the context of newer immunomodulating therapy and review the existing non-HIV-associated CMV pseudotumors described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C Smibert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Cody C Allison
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Marcel Doerflinger
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Danny Rischin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Alesha Thai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Camille N Kotton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Productive Infection of Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines with Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060641. [PMID: 34070980 PMCID: PMC8224681 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. There are many known risk factors for breast cancer, but the role of infectious disease remains unclear. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread herpesvirus that usually causes little disease. Because HCMV has been detected in breast tumor biopsy samples and is frequently transmitted via human breast milk, we investigated HCMV replication in breast tumor cells. Four human breast cancer cell lines with different expression profiles for the key diagnostic markers of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), were infected with a bacterial artificial chromosome-derived HCMV clinical strain TB40/E tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Fluorescence microscopy confirmed that all four breast cancer cell lines supported virus entry. RNA was isolated from infected cells and the expression of immediate early (UL123), early (UL54), and late (UL111A) genes was confirmed using PCR. Viral proteins were detected by immunoblotting, and viral progeny were produced during the infection of breast tumor cells, as evidenced by subsequent infection of fibroblasts with culture supernatants. These results demonstrate that breast tumor cells support productive HCMV infection and could indicate that HCMV replication may play a role in breast cancer progression.
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16
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Asha K, Sharma-Walia N. Targeting Host Cellular Factors as a Strategy of Therapeutic Intervention for Herpesvirus Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:603309. [PMID: 33816328 PMCID: PMC8017445 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.603309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses utilize various host factors to establish latent infection, survival, and spread disease in the host. These factors include host cellular machinery, host proteins, gene expression, multiple transcription factors, cellular signal pathways, immune cell activation, transcription factors, cytokines, angiogenesis, invasion, and factors promoting metastasis. The knowledge and understanding of host genes, protein products, and biochemical pathways lead to discovering safe and effective antivirals to prevent viral reactivation and spread infection. Here, we focus on the contribution of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and resolution lipid metabolites of the arachidonic acid (AA) pathway in the lifecycle of herpesvirus infections. We discuss how various herpesviruses utilize these lipid pathways to their advantage and how we target them to combat herpesvirus infection. We also summarize recent development in anti-herpesvirus therapeutics and new strategies proposed or under clinical trials. These anti-herpesvirus therapeutics include inhibitors blocking viral life cycle events, engineered anticancer agents, epigenome influencing factors, immunomodulators, and therapeutic compounds from natural extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neelam Sharma-Walia
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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17
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Cancer Patients Have a Higher Risk Regarding COVID-19 - and Vice Versa? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13070143. [PMID: 32640723 PMCID: PMC7408191 DOI: 10.3390/ph13070143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The world is currently suffering from a pandemic which has claimed the lives of over 230,000 people to date. The responsible virus is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is mainly characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath. In severe cases, the disease can lead to respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock, which are mostly fatal for the patient. The severity of disease progression was hypothesized to be related to an overshooting immune response and was correlated with age and comorbidities, including cancer. A lot of research has lately been focused on the pathogenesis and acute consequences of COVID-19. However, the possibility of long-term consequences caused by viral infections which has been shown for other viruses are not to be neglected. In this regard, this opinion discusses the interplay of SARS-CoV-2 infection and cancer with special focus on the inflammatory immune response and tissue damage caused by infection. We summarize the available literature on COVID-19 suggesting an increased risk for severe disease progression in cancer patients, and we discuss the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 could contribute to cancer development. We offer lines of thought to provide ideas for urgently needed studies on the potential long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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18
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Herbein G, Nehme Z. Tumor Control by Cytomegalovirus: A Door Open for Oncolytic Virotherapy? MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 17:1-8. [PMID: 32300639 PMCID: PMC7150429 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Belonging to the herpesviridae family, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a well-known ubiquitous pathogen that establishes a lifelong infection in humans. Recently, a beneficial tumor-cytoreductive role of CMV infection has been defined in human and animal models. Described as a potential anti-tumoral activity, HCMV modulates the tumor microenvironment mainly by inducing cell death through apoptosis and prompting a robust stimulatory effect on the immune cells infiltrating the tumor tissue. However, major current limitations embrace transient protective effect and a viral dissemination potential in immunosuppressed hosts. The latter could be counteracted through direct viral intratumoral delivery, use of non-human strains, or even defective CMV vectors to ascertain transformed cells-selective tropism. This potential oncolytic activity could be complemented by tackling further platforms, namely combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors or epigenetic therapy, as well as the use of second-generation chimeric oncovirus, for instance HCMV/HSV-1 oncolytic virus. Overall, preliminary data support the use of CMV in viral oncolytic therapy as a viable option, establishing thus a potential new modality, where further assessment through extensive basic research armed by molecular biotechnology is compulsory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Herbein
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB, UPRES EA4266, University of Franche-Comté, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France.,Department of Virology, CHRU Besancon, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Zeina Nehme
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB, UPRES EA4266, University of Franche-Comté, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France.,Université Libanaise 1003, Beirut, Lebanon
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19
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Human alpha and beta herpesviruses and cancer: passengers or foes? Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 65:439-449. [PMID: 32072398 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on seroepidemiological studies, human herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) are put in relation with a number of cancer diseases; however, they do not appear to play a direct role, being only considered cofactors. Their ability to transform the cells in vitro could be demonstrated experimentally by removing their high lytic ability by a certain dose of UV radiation or by photoinactivation in the presence of photosensitizers, such as neutral red or methylene blue, or culturing under conditions suppressing their lytic activity. However, recent studies indicate that UV irradiated or photoinactivated HSV-1 and HSV-2, able to transform non-transformed cells, behave differently in transformed cells suppressing their transformed phenotype. Furthermore, both transforming and transformed phenotype suppressing activities are pertaining only to non-syncytial virus strains. There are some proposed mechanisms explaining their transforming activity. According to the "hit and run" mechanism, viral DNA induces only initiation of transformation by interacting with cellular DNA bringing about mutations and epigenetic changes and is no longer involved in other processes of neoplastic progression. According to the "hijacking" mechanism, virus products in infected cells may activate signalling pathways and thus induce uncontrolled proliferation. Such a product is e.g. a product of HSV-2 gene designated ICP10 that encodes an oncoprotein RR1PK that activates the Ras pathway. In two cases of cancer, in the case of serous ovarian carcinoma and in some prostate tumours, virus-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) were detected as a possible cofactor in tumorigenesis. And, recently described herpes virus-associated growth factors with transforming and transformation repressing activity might be considered important factors playing a role in tumour formation. And finally, there is a number of evidence that HSV-2 may increase the risk of cervical cancer after infection with human papillomaviruses. A similar situation is with human cytomegalovirus; however, here, a novel mechanism named oncomodulation has been proposed. Oncomodulation means that HCMV infects tumour cells and modulates their malignant properties without having a direct effect on cell transformation.
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20
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Mohebbi A, Mamizadeh Z, Bagheri H, Sharifnezhad F, Tabarraei A, Yazdi M. Prevalent latent human cytomegalovirus genotype b2 in biopsy samples of gastric cancer. Future Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Genotyping and prevalence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in gastrointestinal tract remains unclear. Objective: Characterization of HCMV and its viral load in samples of patients with gastric cancer (GC) in northeast Iran. Methods: A total of 21 biopsies were collected from patients with GC. HCMV was detected and genotyped using multiplex nested PCR. Quantitative real-time PCR has been used to determine the viral load. Staining was performed to detect viral inclusions. Results: 76.19% of the samples had HCMV genotypic b2 with viral load <0.1 IU/μl. 66.67% of patients were positive for H. pylori. Conclusion: Multiplex nested-PCR method can detect CMV populations with low viral loads in GC biopsies. For the first time, it was determined that the genotype b2 of HCMV is prevalent in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mohebbi
- Stem Cell Research Center, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zoleikha Mamizadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Bagheri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Farzad Sharifnezhad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alijan Tabarraei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Yazdi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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21
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A Molecular Implicatory Propositioning Roles for Human Cytomegalovirus and P16 Gene Expression in Oral Squamous Cellular Carcinogenesis. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.4.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Liu J, Jaijyan DK, Tang Q, Zhu H. Promising Cytomegalovirus-Based Vaccine Vector Induces Robust CD8 + T-Cell Response. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4457. [PMID: 31510028 PMCID: PMC6770317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has had great success in combating diseases, especially infectious diseases. However, traditional vaccination strategies are ineffective for several life-threatening diseases, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), tuberculosis, malaria, and cancer. Viral vaccine vectors represent a promising strategy because they can efficiently deliver foreign genes and enhance antigen presentation in vivo. However, several limitations, including pre-existing immunity and packaging capacity, block the application of viral vectors. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been demonstrated as a new type of viral vector with additional advantages. CMV could systematically elicit and maintain high frequencies of effector memory T cells through the "memory inflation" mechanism. Studies have shown that CMV can be genetically modified to induce distinct patterns of CD8+ T-cell responses, while some unconventional CD8+ T-cell responses are rarely induced through conventional vaccine strategies. CMV has been used as a vaccine vector to deliver many disease-specific antigens, and the efficacy of these vaccines was tested in different animal models. Promising results demonstrated that the robust and unconventional T-cell responses elicited by the CMV-based vaccine vector are essential to control these diseases. These accumulated data and evidence strongly suggest that a CMV-based vaccine vector represents a promising approach to develop novel prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against some epidemic pathogens and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Dabbu Kumar Jaijyan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
- College of Life Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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23
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Ding D, Zhao A, Sun Z, Zuo L, Wu A, Sun J. Is the presence of HCMV components in CNS tumors a glioma-specific phenomenon? Virol J 2019; 16:96. [PMID: 31370833 PMCID: PMC6670132 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been associated with malignant gliomas. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence of HCMV in common non-glial tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) and to determine whether it is a glioma-specific phenomenon. Methods Using HCMV-specific immunohistochemical staining, HCMV proteins IE1–72 and pp65 were examined in 65 meningiomas (benign, atypical and malignant), 45 pituitary adenomas, 20 cavernous hemangiomas, and 30 metastatic carcinomas specimens. HCMV DNA was also measured in these tumor tissues and the peripheral blood from patients using nested PCR. Results In meningioma, IE1–72 was detected in 3.1% (2/65) and pp65 was detected in 4.6% (3/65), whereas no IE1–72 and pp65 were detected in atypical and malignant meningioma. A low level of IE1–72 immunoreactivity 6.7% (2/30) was detected in metastatic carcinoma; pp65 was not detected. No HCMV components were detected in pituitary adenoma and cavernous hemangioma. The results of immunohistochemical staining were confirmed by HCMV-specific PCR. HCMV DNA was not detected in the peripheral blood of the non-glial CNS tumors patients. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the presence of HCMV components is not an entirely glioma-specific phenomenon, and that HCMV is present in a low percentage in some non-glioma CNS tumors. Comparing HCMV-positive non-glial CNS tumors with HCMV-positive gliomas may cast light on the mechanism and role of HCMV in CNS tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-019-1198-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daling Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ailing Zhao
- Department of Infant Ward, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lihua Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jianrui Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Ribeiro PAF, Souza MQ, Dias DS, Álvares ACM, Nogueira LM, Machado JM, Dos Santos JC, Godoi RR, Nobrega YKM, Campos-da-Paz M, de Freitas SM, Felipe MSS, Torres FAG, Galdino AS. A Custom-Designed Recombinant Multiepitope Protein for Human Cytomegalovirus Diagnosis. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2019; 13:316-328. [PMID: 31333134 DOI: 10.2174/1872208313666190716093911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has infected more than 90% of the world population and its prevalence can be related to the individuals geographical and socialeconomic status. Serological tests based on ELISA are pivotal for HCMV diagnosis. Due to the lack of standardization in the production/purification of antigens from viral preparations, ELISA tests are based on several recombinant proteins or peptides. As an alternative, multiepitope proteins may be employed. OBJECTIVE In this work, we developed a recombinant multiepitope protein (rMEHCMV) for HCMV diagnosis based on conserved and immunodominant epitopes derived from tegument (pp150, pp65 and pp28), glycoprotein gB (pp38) and DNA polymerase subunit (pp52) of HCMV. METHODS The rMEHCMV gene was synthesized de novo and overexpressed in Escherichia coli cells. The recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity using a Ni-NTA column. Biophysical analysis of recombinant protein was performed by circular dichroism. A preliminary biological activity test was performed using 12 positive human sera samples by using an in-house IgG ELISA. The following patents database were consulted: Espacenet, Google Patents and the National Institute of Intellectual Property (INPI, Brazil). RESULTS The recombinant multiepitope protein was successfully expressed in E. coli. The structural data obtained by circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that rMEHCMV is structurally disordered. An in-house IgG ELISA test with rMEHCMV was successfully used to recognized IgG from human serum samples. CONCLUSION Together, our results show that rMEHCMV should be considered as a potential antigenic target for HCMV diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia A F Ribeiro
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinopolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Marilen Q Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Dias
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinopolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Alice C M Álvares
- Laboratorio de Biofisica, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Laís M Nogueira
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinopolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Machado
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinopolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - José C Dos Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Renato R Godoi
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinopolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Yanna K M Nobrega
- Laboratorio de Doencas Imunogeneticas e Cronico-degenerativas, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Campos-da-Paz
- Laboratorio de Nanobiotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinopolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Sonia M de Freitas
- Laboratorio de Biofisica, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Maria S S Felipe
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando A G Torres
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro S Galdino
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinopolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
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25
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Nauclér CS, Geisler J, Vetvik K. The emerging role of human cytomegalovirus infection in human carcinogenesis: a review of current evidence and potential therapeutic implications. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4333-4347. [PMID: 31303966 PMCID: PMC6611507 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that infections with viruses harboring oncogenic potential increase the cancer risk. Virus induced oncogenic processes are influenced by a complex and unique combination of host and environmental risk factors that are currently not fully understood. Many of the oncogenic viruses exhibit a prolonged, asymptomatic latency after a primary infection, and cause cancer in only a minority of carriers. From an epidemiologic point of view, it is therefore difficult to determine their role in cancer development. However, recent evidence suggests a neoplastic potential of one additional ubiquitous virus; human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Emerging data presents HCMV as a plausible cancer-causing virus by demonstrating its presence in >90% of common tumor types, while being absent in normal tissue surrounding the tumor. HCMV targets many cell types in tumor tissues, and can cause all the ten proposed hallmarks of cancer. This virus exhibits cellular tumor-promoting and immune-evasive strategies, hijacks proangiogenic and anti-apoptotic mechanisms and induces immunosuppressive effects in the tumor micro-environment. Recognizing new cancer-causing mechanisms may increase the therapeutic potential and prophylactic options for virus associated cancer forms. Such approaches could limit viral spread, and promote anti-viral and immune controlling strategies if given as add on to standard therapy to potentially improve the prognosis of cancer patients. This review will focus on HCMV-related onco-viral mechanisms and the potential of HCMV as a new therapeutic target in HCMV positive cancer forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Söderberg Nauclér
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Microbial Pathogenesis, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Geisler
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katja Vetvik
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, AHUS, Lørenskog, Norway
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26
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Lérias JR, Paraschoudi G, Silva I, Martins J, de Sousa E, Condeço C, Figueiredo N, Carvalho C, Dodoo E, Jäger E, Rao M, Maeurer M. Clinically Relevant Immune Responses against Cytomegalovirus: Implications for Precision Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081986. [PMID: 31018546 PMCID: PMC6514820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to human cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be used to assess immune fitness in an individual. Further to its clinical significance in posttransplantation settings, emerging clinical and translational studies provide examples of immune correlates of protection pertaining to anti-CMV immune responses in the context of cancer or infectious diseases, e.g., tuberculosis. In this viewpoint, we provide a brief overview about CMV-directed immune reactivity and immune fitness in a clinical context and incorporate some of our own findings obtained from peripheral blood or tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from patients with advanced cancer. Observations in patients with solid cancers whose lesions contain both CMV and tumour antigen-specific T-cell subsets are highlighted, due to a possible CMV-associated “bystander” effect in amplifying local inflammation and subsequent tumour rejection. The role of tumour-associated antibodies recognising diverse CMV-derived epitopes is also discussed in light of anti-cancer immune responses. We discuss here the use of anti-CMV immune responses as a theranostic tool—combining immunodiagnostics with a personalised therapeutic potential—to improve treatment outcomes in oncological indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Lérias
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Georgia Paraschoudi
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Inês Silva
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - João Martins
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Eric de Sousa
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Carolina Condeço
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Figueiredo
- Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Carvalho
- Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ernest Dodoo
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, 60488 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Elke Jäger
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, 60488 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Martin Rao
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, 60488 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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27
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Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection in Female Mice Increases Breast Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040447. [PMID: 30934926 PMCID: PMC6520675 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infects 40⁻70% of women, but infection has been reported in >95% of breast cancer patients. We investigated the consequences of these observations by infecting mice with mCMV or a negative control medium for 4 days, 11 days or 10 weeks to establish active, intermediate or latent infections, respectively. Syngeneic 4T1 or E0771 breast cancer cells were then injected into a mammary fat pad of BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice, respectively. Infection did not affect tumor growth in these conditions, but latently infected BALB/c mice developed more lung metastases. The latent mCMV infection of MMTV-PyVT mice, which develop spontaneous breast tumors, also did not affect the number or sizes of breast tumors. However, there were more tumors that were multilobed with greater blood content, which had enhanced vasculature and decreased collagen content. Most significantly, mCMV infection also increased the number and size of lung metastases, which showed a higher cell proliferation. Viral DNA was detected in breast tumors and lung nodules although viral mRNA was not. These novel results have important clinical implications since an increased metastasis is prognostic of decreased survival. This work provides evidence that treating or preventing HCMV infections may increase the life expectancy of breast cancer patients by decreasing metastasis.
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28
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Hodowanec AC, Lurain NS, Krishnan S, Bosch RJ, Landay AL. Increased CMV IgG Antibody Titer is Associated with Non-AIDS Events among Virologically Suppressed HIV-Positive Persons. Pathog Immun 2019; 4:66-78. [PMID: 30815626 PMCID: PMC6388698 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v4i1.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among HIV-positive individuals, increased levels of inflammation and immune activation persist even in the setting of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and are associated with greater rates of non-AIDS events. The etiology of this persistent inflammation is incompletely understood. METHODS Using a well-characterized cohort of 322 HIV-infected individuals on suppressive ART, we conducted a case-control study. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, plasma biomarkers, and T-cell phenotypes were measured/characterized from samples collected 1 year after ART initiation. Conditional logistic regression for matched case-control studies analyzed the associations of year 1 CMV-specific IgG level with the subsequent occurrence of any non-AIDS event. Correlations between continuous CMV IgG antibody levels and soluble and cellular markers were assessed. RESULTS We found that higher levels of CMV IgG were associated with increased risk of non-AIDS events (OR = 1.58 per IQR [95% CI: 1.12, 2.24], P = 0.01) and with elevated soluble and cellular markers of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of the host immune response to CMV may play a role in the persistent inflammation and resultant morbid events observed in the HIV-positive population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee C. Hodowanec
- Division of Infectious Diseases; Rush University Medical Center; Chicago Illinois
| | - Nell S. Lurain
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology; Rush University Medical Center; Chicago Illinois
| | - Supriya Krishnan
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research; Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Ronald J. Bosch
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research; Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Alan L. Landay
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology; Rush University Medical Center; Chicago Illinois
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29
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Adnan Ali SM, Mirza Y, Ahmad Z, Zahid N, Enam SA. Human Papillomavirus and Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Association with Prognosis in Patients with Primary Glioblastoma in Pakistan. World Neurosurg 2019; 121:e931-e939. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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30
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Fattahi S, Nikbakhsh N, Taheri H, Ghadami E, Kosari-Monfared M, Amirbozorgi G, Asouri M, Pilehchian-Langroudi M, Ranaee M, Samadani AA, Paryan M, Akhavan-Niaki H. Prevalence of multiple infections and the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma development at earlier age. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 92:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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The transcriptome of human mammary epithelial cells infected with the HCMV-DB strain displays oncogenic traits. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12574. [PMID: 30135434 PMCID: PMC6105607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) populations under the influence of host environment, can either be stable or rapidly differentiating, leading to tissue compartment colonization. We isolated previously from a 30-years old pregnant woman, a clinical isolate of HCMV, that we refered to as the HCMV-DB strain (accession number KT959235). The HCMV-DB clinical isolate demonstrated its ability to infect primary macrophages and to upregulate the proto-oncogene Bcl-3. We observed in this study that the genome of HCMV-DB strain is close to the genomes of other primary clinical isolates including the Toledo and the JP strains with the later having been isolated from a glandular tissue, the prostate. Using a phylogenetic analysis to compare the genes involved in virus entry, we observed that the HCMV-DB strain is close to the HCMV strain Merlin, the prototype HCMV strain. HCMV-DB infects human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) which in turn display a ER−/PR−/HER2− phenotype, commonly refered to as triple negative. The transcriptome of HCMV-DB-infected HMECs presents the characteristics of a pro-oncogenic cellular environment with upregulated expression of numerous oncogenes, enhanced activation of pro-survival genes, and upregulated markers of cell proliferation, stemcellness and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) that was confirmed by enhanced cellular proliferation and tumorsphere formation in vitro. Taken together our data indicate that some clinical isolates could be well adapted to the mammary tissue environment, as it is the case for the HCMV-DB strain. This could influence the viral fitness, ultimately leading to breast cancer development.
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32
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Krishna BA, Miller WE, O'Connor CM. US28: HCMV's Swiss Army Knife. Viruses 2018; 10:E445. [PMID: 30127279 PMCID: PMC6116241 DOI: 10.3390/v10080445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
US28 is one of four G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) encoded by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The US28 protein (pUS28) is a potent signaling molecule that alters a variety of cellular pathways that ultimately alter the host cell environment. This viral GPCR is expressed not only in the context of lytic replication but also during viral latency, highlighting its multifunctional properties. pUS28 is a functional GPCR, and its manipulation of multiple signaling pathways likely impacts HCMV pathogenesis. Herein, we will discuss the impact of pUS28 on both lytic and latent infection, pUS28-mediated signaling and its downstream consequences, and the influence this viral GPCR may have on disease states, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. We will also discuss the potential for and progress towards exploiting pUS28 as a novel therapeutic to combat HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Krishna
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - William E Miller
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, & Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Christine M O'Connor
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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33
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Kosari‐Monfared M, Nikbakhsh N, Fattahi S, Ghadami E, Ranaei M, Taheri H, Amjadi‐Moheb F, Godazandeh GA, Shafaei S, Pilehchian‐Langroudi M, Samadani AA, Akhavan‐Niaki H. CTNNBIP1
downregulation is associated with tumor grade and viral infections in gastric adenocarcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2895-2904. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Kosari‐Monfared
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical SciencesBabol Iran
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical SciencesBabol Iran
| | - Novin Nikbakhsh
- Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical SciencesBabol Iran
| | - Sadegh Fattahi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical SciencesBabol Iran
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, North Research Center of Pasteur InstituteAmol Iran
| | - Elham Ghadami
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical SciencesBabol Iran
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical SciencesBabol Iran
| | - Mohammad Ranaei
- Department of PathologyRouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical SciencesBabol Iran
| | - Hassan Taheri
- Department of Internal MedicineRouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical SciencesBabol Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amjadi‐Moheb
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical SciencesBabol Iran
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical SciencesBabol Iran
| | - Gholam A. Godazandeh
- Department of SurgeryImam Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesSari Iran
| | - Shahryar Shafaei
- Department of PathologyRouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical SciencesBabol Iran
| | - Maryam Pilehchian‐Langroudi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical SciencesBabol Iran
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical SciencesBabol Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical SciencesBabol Iran
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GLDRC)Guilan University of Medical SciencesRasht Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan‐Niaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical SciencesBabol Iran
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical SciencesBabol Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical SciencesBabol Iran
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34
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Agholi M, Safaei A, Ramzi M, Hatam GR, Sarvari J. A survey of the frequency of cytomegalovirus-associated diarrhea in immunocompromised patients using a non-invasive method. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2018; 10:143-150. [PMID: 29997755 PMCID: PMC6039454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common viral opportunistic infection causing gastrointestinal diseases such diarrhea and colitis in immunocompromised patients. The development and performance of a robust and sensitive PCR assay are usually evaluated to detect CMV DNA in human fecal specimens. In this study, our aim was to detect CMV DNA in stool samples taken from patients with HIV/AIDS, cancer, and transplant recipient patients with chronic and persistent diarrhea using a non-invasive method. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 633 immunocompromised patients (451 males and 182 females) suffering from persistent or chronic diarrhea were included in this study. Among them, 392 were HIV/AIDS patients, 151 had cancer and were receiving chemotherapy, and 90 were recipients of a solid organ or bone marrow transplant. CMV genome was extracted from the stool samples using phenol: chloroform: isoamyl alcohol method. CMV DNA was identified by polymerase chain reaction using sequence specific primers on genomic DNA. RESULTS Looking at the frequency of CMV DNA in 392 HIV/AIDS patients, we found that only 5 patients (1.27%) were positive for CMV genome, while this frequency was 4.63% (7/151) and 5.5% (5/90) in patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and in those with solid organ or bone marrow transplant, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of this study revealed that the cause of chronic or persistent diarrhea in HIV/AIDS, cancer, and graft recipient patients might be related to CMV infection. Accordingly, we recommend a non-invasive method, such as stool sample, as a first line of diagnosis of enteritis when the physician suspects that a patient has CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Agholi
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Akbar Safaei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mani Ramzi
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Hatam
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, ShirazUniversity of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding author: Jamal Sarvari, PhD, Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Tel/Fax: +98-713-230-4356,
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35
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Kumar A, Tripathy MK, Pasquereau S, Al Moussawi F, Abbas W, Coquard L, Khan KA, Russo L, Algros MP, Valmary-Degano S, Adotevi O, Morot-Bizot S, Herbein G. The Human Cytomegalovirus Strain DB Activates Oncogenic Pathways in Mammary Epithelial Cells. EBioMedicine 2018; 30:167-183. [PMID: 29628341 PMCID: PMC5952350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes a persistent life-long infection and increasing evidence indicates HCMV infection can modulate signaling pathways associated with oncogenesis. Breast milk is an important route of HCMV transmission in humans and we hypothesized that mammary epithelial cells could be one of the main cellular targets of HCMV infection. Methods The infectivity of primary human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) was assessed following infection with the HCMV-DB strain, a clinical isolate with a marked macrophage-tropism. The impact of HCMV-DB infection on expression of p53 and retinoblastoma proteins, telomerase activity and oncogenic pathways (c-Myc, Akt, Ras, STAT3) was studied. Finally the transformation of HCMV-DB infected HMECs was evaluated using soft agar assay. CTH cells (CMV Transformed HMECs) were detected in prolonged cultures of infected HMECs. Tumor formation was observed in NOD/SCID Gamma (NSG) mice injected with CTH cells. Detection of long non coding RNA4.9 (lncRNA4.9) gene was assessed in CTH cells, tumors isolated from xenografted NSG mice and biopsies of patients with breast cancer using qualitative and quantitative PCR. Results We found that HCMV, especially a clinical strain named HCMV-DB, infects HMECs in vitro. The clinical strain HCMV-DB replicates productively in HMECs as evidenced by detection of early and late viral transcripts and proteins. Following infection of HMECs with HCMV-DB, we observed the inactivation of retinoblastoma and p53 proteins, the activation of telomerase activity, the activation of the proto-oncogenes c-Myc and Ras, the activation of Akt and STAT3, and the upregulation of cyclin D1 and Ki67 antigen. Colony formation was observed in soft agar seeded with HCMV-DB-infected HMECs. Prolonged culture of infected HMECs resulted in the development of clusters of spheroid cells that we called CTH cells (CMV Transformed HMECs). CTH cells when injected in NOD/SCID Gamma (NSG) mice resulted in the development of tumors. We detected in CTH cells the presence of a HCMV signature corresponding to a sequence of the long noncoding RNA4.9 (lncRNA4.9) gene. We also found the presence of the HCMV lncRNA4.9 sequence in tumors isolated from xenografted NSG mice injected with CTH cells and in biopsies of patients with breast cancer using qualitative and quantitative PCR. Conclusions Our data indicate that key molecular pathways involved in oncogenesis are activated in HCMV-DB-infected HMECs that ultimately results in the transformation of HMECs in vitro with the appearance of CMV-transformed HMECs (CTH cells) in culture. CTH cells display a HCMV signature corresponding to a lncRNA4.9 genomic sequence and give rise to fast growing triple-negative tumors in NSG mice. A similar lncRNA4.9 genomic sequence was detected in tumor biopsies of patients with breast cancer. The infection of primary human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) with the HCMV-DB strain results in a pro-oncogenic cellular environment. HCMV-DB transforms primary HMECs in vitro as measured by a soft agar assay. Prolonged culture of HMECs infected with HCMV-DB results in the appearance of clusters of spheroid cells that we called CTH cells (CMV Transformed HMECs). CTH cells when injected in NOD/SCID Gamma mice resulted in the development of breast tumor. The HCMV lncRNA4.9 sequence was detected in CTH cells, in tumors isolated from xenografted NSG mice injected with CTH cells and in biopsies of patients with breast cancer.
Research in Context: Worldwide breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among women. Etiological factors involved in breast cancer include genetic and environmental risk factors and among these latter viruses could be involved with close to one-fifth of all cancers in the world caused by infectious agents. We found that the cytomegalovirus strain DB, a member of the herpesvirus family, activates oncogenic pathways in infected mammary epithelial cells, transforms these cells in culture and favors the appearance of tumors in xenografted mice. Our findings might lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB, UPRES EA4266, University of Franche-Comté (UFC), University of Bourgogne France-Comté (UBFC), F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Manoj Kumar Tripathy
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB, UPRES EA4266, University of Franche-Comté (UFC), University of Bourgogne France-Comté (UBFC), F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Sébastien Pasquereau
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB, UPRES EA4266, University of Franche-Comté (UFC), University of Bourgogne France-Comté (UBFC), F-25030 Besançon, France.
| | - Fatima Al Moussawi
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB, UPRES EA4266, University of Franche-Comté (UFC), University of Bourgogne France-Comté (UBFC), F-25030 Besançon, France; Lebanese University, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | | | - Laurie Coquard
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB, UPRES EA4266, University of Franche-Comté (UFC), University of Bourgogne France-Comté (UBFC), F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Kashif Aziz Khan
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB, UPRES EA4266, University of Franche-Comté (UFC), University of Bourgogne France-Comté (UBFC), F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Laetitia Russo
- Department of Pathology, CHRU Besançon, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Adotevi
- INSERM UMR1098, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, CHRU Besancon, F-25030 Besancon, France.
| | | | - Georges Herbein
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB, UPRES EA4266, University of Franche-Comté (UFC), University of Bourgogne France-Comté (UBFC), F-25030 Besançon, France; Department of Virology, CHRU Besancon, F-25030 Besancon, France.
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Estekizadeh A, Landázur N, Bartek J, Beltoft Brøchner C, Davoudi B, Broholm H, Karimi M, Ekström TJ, Rahbar A. Increased cytomegalovirus replication by 5-Azacytidine and viral-induced cytoplasmic expression of DNMT‑1 in medulloblastoma and endothelial cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1317-1327. [PMID: 29484388 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all brain tumors diagnosed in children, medulloblastomas (MBs) are associated with a poor prognosis. The etiology of MB is not fully understood, yet the impact of epigenetic alterations of oncogenes has previously been established. During the past decade, the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been detected in several types of cancer, including MB. Since DNA methylation occurs in the cell nucleus and this is considered a host defence response, we studied the impact of HCMV infection on DNA methyltransferase (DNMT‑1) in MB (D324) cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as well as in MB tissue sections. We hypothesized that infection and DNMT‑1 intracellular localization are linked. Uninfected and HCMV‑infected D324 cells and HUVECs were analyzed for HCMV immediate early (HCMV‑IE) protein, HCMV‑glycoprotein B (HCMV‑gB) and DNMT‑1 using immunofluorescence staining and quantitative ELISA. DNMT‑1 localized to the nucleus of uninfected and HCMV‑IE- expressing D324 cells and HUVECs, but accumulated in the extra nuclear space in all HCMV‑gB-positive cells. Inhibition of HCMV late protein expression by Cymevene® (ganciclovir) prevented the cytoplasmic localization of DNMT‑1. Treatment of HCMV‑ infected D324 cells and HUVECs with the methylation inhibitor 5-Azacytidine (5AZA), significantly increased HCMV‑IE and HCMV‑gB gene transcription and protein expression. Immunohistochemical staining of DNMT‑1 and HCMV proteins in MB cancer tissue sections revealed both nuclear and cytoplasmic DNMT‑1 localization. In conclusion, DNMT‑1 resides in the cytoplasm of HCMV‑gB-expressing HUVECs and D324 cells. Increased viral protein synthesis in 5AZA-treated cells suggests that HCMV replication may benefit from a DNA methyltransferase-free cellular environment. Our findings emphasize the importance of assessing potential viral activation in the treatment of MB patients with epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atosa Estekizadeh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE_17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Landázur
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE_17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE_17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Belghis Davoudi
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE_17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helle Broholm
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohsen Karimi
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE_17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas J Ekström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE_17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Afsar Rahbar
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE_17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus in Malignant and Benign Breast Tumors in Egyptian Women. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 18:e629-e642. [PMID: 29396078 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have reported a role for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in breast carcinogenesis. We sought to assess the role of HCMV infection in the development and/or progression of breast cancer (BC) among Egyptian patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 61 patients with BC cases. Of these 61 patients, 40 had been assessed for HCMV in the blood, BC tissue samples, and adjacent non-neoplastic tissue samples, and 21 had been assessed for HCMV in the tissue only. Tissue samples from 20 patients with fibroadenoma (FA) were also included. As a control group, 41 blood samples obtained from healthy women with no history of cancer were used as a blood control group. HCMV was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS A significant difference was found in the index value for the anti-CMV IgG antibodies between the BC patients and the control group (P = .001). Using real-time PCR, HCMV DNA was detected in 11 of 61 BC tissues (18%) compared with 1 of 20 FA tissues (5%). HCMV DNA was present in 8 of the 40 plasma samples (20%). Regarding the viral proteins, 21 of 61 samples (34.4%) were positive for early/immediate early (E/IE) and 49 (80.3%) were positive for PP65 expression by IHC. The concordance between the results obtained by the different assays was low. CMVPP65 expression was significantly associated with E/IE protein expression in the malignant and FA groups (P < .001). CONCLUSION The presence of CMV proteins and DNA in BC tissues suggests a role for this virus. However, the basic criteria to support a causal association of HCMV with BC were not fulfilled.
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Essential role of HCMV deubiquitinase in promoting oncogenesis by targeting anti-viral innate immune signaling pathways. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3078. [PMID: 28981114 PMCID: PMC5680583 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease and virus-mediated carcinogenesis is one of the crucial factors, which is poorly understood. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a herpesvirus and its components have been evidenced to be associated with cancer of different tissue origin. However, its role in cancer remains unknown. Here, we identified a conserved herpesviral tegument protein known as pUL48 of HCMV, encoding deubiquitinase enzyme, as having a key role in carcinogenesis. We show using deubiquitinase sufficient- and deficient-HCMV that HCMV deubiquitinase is a key in inducing enhanced cellular metabolic activity through upregulation of several anti-apoptotic genes and downregulation of several pro-apoptotic genes expression. Furthermore, HCMV deubiquitinase acquires pro-tumor functions by inhibiting PRR-mediated type I interferon via deubiquitination of TRAF6, TRAF3, IRAK1, IRF7 and STING. Taken together, our results suggest that HCMV infection may promote oncogenesis by inhibiting innate immunity of the host.
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Identification and comparison of RCMV ALL 03 open reading frame (ORF) among several different strains of cytomegalovirus worldwide. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mohammadizadeh F, Mahmudi F. Evaluation of human cytomegalovirus antigen expression in invasive breast carcinoma in a population of Iranian patients. Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:39. [PMID: 28670334 PMCID: PMC5485504 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in the development of breast carcinoma is questionable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of the immediate early antigen (IE) of HCMV in breast carcinoma and its association with some clinicopathologic factors in a population of Iranian patients. Methods Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from the pathology laboratories of the Azahra and Shahid Beheshti hospitals, Isfahan, Iran, from 2013 to 2016, were used in the study. We used immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR to detect the IE-antigen of HCMV in breast carcinoma, normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma, and normal tissue from mammoplasty specimens. Results A total of 96 samples were evaluated: 70 invasive breast carcinoma of different histologic subtypes and 26 mammoplasty normal breast tissues. All the samples were negative for IE-antigen expression. No relationship was seen between breast cancer and HCMV in this study. Conclusions The results of this study failed to show any relationship between HCMV and the development of breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Mohammadizadeh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mahmudi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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41
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Vyshenska D, Lam KC, Shulzhenko N, Morgun A. Interplay between viruses and bacterial microbiota in cancer development. Semin Immunol 2017; 32:14-24. [PMID: 28602713 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During the last few decades we have become accustomed to the idea that viruses can cause tumors. It is much less considered and discussed, however, that most people infected with oncoviruses will never develop cancer. Therefore, the genetic and environmental factors that tip the scales from clearance of viral infection to development of cancer are currently an area of active investigation. Microbiota has recently emerged as a potentially critical factor that would affect this balance by increasing or decreasing the ability of viral infection to promote carcinogenesis. In this review, we provide a model of microbiome contribution to the development of oncogenic viral infections and viral associated cancers, give examples of this process in human tumors, and describe the challenges that prevent progress in the field as well as their potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariia Vyshenska
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 1601 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Khiem C Lam
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 1601 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 208 Dryden Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Andrey Morgun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 1601 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Rahbar A, Touma J, Costa H, Davoudi B, Bukholm IR, Sauer T, Vetvik K, Geisler J, Söderberg-Naucler C. Low Expression of Estrogen Receptor-α and Progesterone Receptor in Human Breast Cancer Tissues Is Associated With High-Grade Human Cytomegalovirus Protein Expression. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 17:526-535.e1. [PMID: 28595965 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying mechanisms for breast cancer (BC) are largely unknown. We investigated possible correlations between the expression levels of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) proteins and established histopathological markers of BC, including expression of estrogen receptor (ER)-α, the progesterone receptor (PgR), and HER2. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively examined paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of BC (n = 62), ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 19), and adjacent normal breast tissue (n = 42) for HCMV immediate-early protein (IE), HCMV late antigen, HCMV DNA and RNA, and investigated possible correlations between them and expression of ER-α, PgR, and HER2. RESULTS HCMV DNA and RNA were detected in all examined infiltrating BCs. High-grade positivity for HCMV-IE was detected in 77% of infiltrating BCs, 39% of ductal carcinomas in situ, and 7% of tumor-free breast tissue samples. HCMV expression correlated inversely with ER-α (P = .02) and PgR (P = .003) expression. HER2 expression was also reduced in HCMV-positive samples without reaching a level of statistical significance (P = .09). CONCLUSION The negative correlation between high-grade expression HCMV-IE and hormone receptor expression suggests a role for HCMV in hormone receptor-negative BC tumors, possibly by forcing BC cells into a more aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsar Rahbar
- Department of Medicine Solna, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit and Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Joel Touma
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Helena Costa
- Department of Medicine Solna, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit and Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Belghis Davoudi
- Department of Medicine Solna, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit and Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Rashid Bukholm
- Norwegian System of Compensation for Patient Claimes, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Sauer
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katja Vetvik
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jürgen Geisler
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Cecilia Söderberg-Naucler
- Department of Medicine Solna, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit and Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pasquereau S, Al Moussawi F, Karam W, Diab Assaf M, Kumar A, Herbein G. Cytomegalovirus, Macrophages and Breast Cancer. Open Virol J 2017; 11:15-27. [PMID: 28567162 PMCID: PMC5420183 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901711010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a betaherpesvirus that is highly host specific, infects among others epithelial cells and macrophages, and has been recently mentioned as having oncomodulatory properties. HCMV is detected in the breast tumor tissue where macrophages, especially tumor associated macrophages, are associated with a poor prognosis. In this review, we will discuss the potential implication of HCMV in breast cancer with emphasis on the role played by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pasquereau
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, Department of Virology, University of Franche-Comté, COMUE Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, UPRES EA4266, SFR FED 4234, CHRU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - F Al Moussawi
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, Department of Virology, University of Franche-Comté, COMUE Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, UPRES EA4266, SFR FED 4234, CHRU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - W Karam
- Université Libanaise, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | | | - A Kumar
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, Department of Virology, University of Franche-Comté, COMUE Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, UPRES EA4266, SFR FED 4234, CHRU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - G Herbein
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, Department of Virology, University of Franche-Comté, COMUE Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, UPRES EA4266, SFR FED 4234, CHRU Besançon, Besançon, France
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Iwahori S, Umaña AC, VanDeusen HR, Kalejta RF. Human cytomegalovirus-encoded viral cyclin-dependent kinase (v-CDK) UL97 phosphorylates and inactivates the retinoblastoma protein-related p107 and p130 proteins. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6583-6599. [PMID: 28289097 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-encoded viral cyclin-dependent kinase (v-CDK) UL97 phosphorylates the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor. Here, we identify the other Rb family members p107 and p130 as novel targets of UL97. UL97 phosphorylates p107 and p130 thereby inhibiting their ability to repress the E2F-responsive E2F1 promoter. As with Rb, this phosphorylation, and the rescue of E2F-responsive transcription, is dependent on the L1 LXCXE motif in UL97 and its interacting clefts on p107 and p130. Interestingly, UL97 does not induce the disruption of all p107-E2F or p130-E2F complexes, as it does to Rb-E2F complexes. UL97 strongly interacts with p107 but not Rb or p130. Thus the inhibitory mechanisms of UL97 for Rb family protein-mediated repression of E2F-responsive transcription appear to differ for each of the Rb family proteins. The immediate early 1 (IE1) protein of HCMV also rescues p107- and p130-mediated repression of E2F-responsive gene expression, but it does not induce their phosphorylation and does not disrupt p107-E2F or p130-E2F complexes. The unique regulation of Rb family proteins by HCMV UL97 and IE1 attests to the importance of modulating Rb family protein function in HCMV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Iwahori
- From the Institute for Molecular Virology and McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Angie C Umaña
- From the Institute for Molecular Virology and McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Halena R VanDeusen
- From the Institute for Molecular Virology and McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Robert F Kalejta
- From the Institute for Molecular Virology and McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Zwezdaryk KJ, Combs JA, Morris CA, Sullivan DE. Regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by herpesviruses. World J Virol 2016; 5:144-154. [PMID: 27878101 PMCID: PMC5105047 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v5.i4.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is instrumental in successful differentiation and proliferation of mammalian cells. It is therefore not surprising that the herpesvirus family has developed mechanisms to interact with and manipulate this pathway. Successful coexistence with the host requires that herpesviruses establish a lifelong infection that includes periods of latency and reactivation or persistence. Many herpesviruses establish latency in progenitor cells and viral reactivation is linked to host-cell proliferation and differentiation status. Importantly, Wnt/β-catenin is tightly connected to stem/progenitor cell maintenance and differentiation. Numerous studies have linked Wnt/β-catenin signaling to a variety of cancers, emphasizing the importance of Wnt/β-catenin pathways in development, tissue homeostasis and disease. This review details how the alpha-, beta-, and gammaherpesviruses interact and manipulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to promote a virus-centric agenda.
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Guidry JT, Scott RS. The interaction between human papillomavirus and other viruses. Virus Res 2016; 231:139-147. [PMID: 27826043 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The etiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in anogenital tract and head and neck cancers is well established. However, only a low percentage of HPV-positive women develop cancer, indicating that HPV is necessary but not sufficient in carcinogenesis. Several biological and environmental cofactors have been implicated in the development of HPV-associated carcinoma that include immune status, hormonal changes, parity, dietary habits, tobacco usage, and co-infection with other sexually transmissible agents. Such cofactors likely contribute to HPV persistent infection through diverse mechanisms related to immune control, efficiency of HPV infection, and influences on tumor initiation and progression. Conversely, HPV co-infection with other factors may also harbor anti-tumor effects. Here, we review epidemiological and experimental studies investigating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), BK virus (BKV), JC virus (JCV), and adeno-associated virus (AAV) as viral cofactors in or therapeutic factors against the development of genital and oral HPV-associated carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Guidry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Tumor and Molecular Virology, and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center. Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport. Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - R S Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Tumor and Molecular Virology, and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center. Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport. Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
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cGAS-STING Signaling Regulates Initial Innate Control of Cytomegalovirus Infection. J Virol 2016; 90:7789-97. [PMID: 27334590 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01040-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several innate sensing pathways contribute to the control of early cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, leading to a multiphasic type I interferon (IFN-I) response that limits viral replication and promotes host defenses. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent pathways induce IFN-I production in CMV-infected plasmacytoid dendritic cells; however, the initial burst of IFN-I that occurs within the first few hours in vivo is TLR independent and emanates from stromal cells. Here we show that primary human endothelial cells mount robust IFN-I responses to human CMV that are dependent upon cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), STING, and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) signaling. Disruption of STING expression in endothelial cells by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 revealed that it is essential for the induction of IFN-I and restriction of CMV replication. Consistently, STING was necessary to mount the first phase of IFN-I production and curb CMV replication in infected mice. Thus, DNA sensing through STING is critical for primary detection of both human and mouse CMV in nonhematopoietic cells and drives the initial wave of IFN-I that is key for controlling early viral replication in vivo. IMPORTANCE Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most common viral pathogens, with the majority of people contracting the virus in their lifetime. Although acute infection is mostly asymptomatic in healthy persons, significant pathology is observed in immunocompromised individuals, and chronic CMV infection may exacerbate a myriad of inflammatory conditions. Here we show that primary human endothelial cells mount robust IFN-I responses against CMV via a cGAS/STING/IRF3 pathway. Disruption of STING expression by CRISPRs revealed an essential role in eliciting IFN-I responses and restricting CMV replication. Consistently, in mice, STING is necessary for the first phase of IFN-I production that limits early CMV replication. Our results demonstrate a pivotal role for the cGAS-STING pathway in the initial detection of CMV infection.
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Does cytomegalovirus infection contribute to socioeconomic disparities in all-cause mortality? Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 158:53-61. [PMID: 27268074 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The social patterning of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and its implication in aging suggest that the virus may partially contribute to socioeconomic disparities in mortality. We used Cox regression and inverse odds ratio weighting to quantify the proportion of the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and all-cause mortality that was attributable to mediation by CMV seropositivity. Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988-1994), with mortality follow-up through December 2011. SES was assessed as household income (income-to-poverty ratio ≤1.30;>1.30 to≤1.85;>1.85 to≤3.50;>3.50) and education (<high school; high school; >high school). We found strong associations between low SES and increased mortality: hazard ratio (HR) 1.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57, 2.06 comparing the lowest versus highest income groups and HR 1.29; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.48 comparing <high school versus >high school education. 65% of individuals were CMV seropositive, accounting for 6-15% of the SES-mortality associations. Age modified the associations between SES, CMV, and mortality, with CMV more strongly associated with mortality in older individuals. Our findings suggest that cytomegalovirus may partially contribute to persistent socioeconomic disparities in mortality, particularly among older individuals.
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Soares M, Madeira S, Correia J, Peleteiro M, Cardoso F, Ferreira F. Molecular based subtyping of feline mammary carcinomas and clinicopathological characterization. Breast 2016; 27:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Kumar A, Coquard L, Pasquereau S, Russo L, Valmary-Degano S, Borg C, Pothier P, Herbein G. Tumor control by human cytomegalovirus in a murine model of hepatocellular carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2016; 3:16012. [PMID: 27626063 PMCID: PMC5008266 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although viruses can cause cancer, other studies reported the regression of human tumors upon viral infections. We investigated the cytoreductive potential of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in a murine model of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in severe-immunodeficient mice. Infection of HepG2 cells with HCMV resulted in the absence of tumor or in a limited tumor growth following injection of cells subcutaneously. By contrast all mice injected with uninfected HepG2 cells and with HepG2 cells infected with UV-treated HCMV did develop tumors without any significant restriction. Analysis of tumors indicated that in mice injected with HCMV-infected-HepG2 cells, but not in controls, a restricted cellular proliferation was observed parallel to a limited activation of the STAT3-cyclin D1 axis, decreased formation of colonies in soft agar, and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. We conclude that HCMV can provide antitumoral effects in a murine model of HCC which requires replicative virus at some stages that results in limitation of tumor cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis mediated through the intrinsic caspase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Virology, Pathogens & Inflammation Laboratory, University of Franche-Comté and COMUE Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, UPRES EA4266, SFR FED 4234, CHRU Besançon , Besançon, France
| | - Laurie Coquard
- Department of Virology, Pathogens & Inflammation Laboratory, University of Franche-Comté and COMUE Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, UPRES EA4266, SFR FED 4234, CHRU Besançon , Besançon, France
| | - Sébastien Pasquereau
- Department of Virology, Pathogens & Inflammation Laboratory, University of Franche-Comté and COMUE Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, UPRES EA4266, SFR FED 4234, CHRU Besançon , Besançon, France
| | - Laetitia Russo
- Department of Pathology, CHRU Besançon , Besançon, France
| | | | - Christophe Borg
- Department of Medical Oncology, INSERM UMR1098, EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon, France
| | - Pierre Pothier
- Department of Virology, Pathogens & Inflammation Laboratory, UPRES EA4266, SFR FED 4234, CHU Dijon , Dijon, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department of Virology, Pathogens & Inflammation Laboratory, University of Franche-Comté and COMUE Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, UPRES EA4266, SFR FED 4234, CHRU Besançon , Besançon, France
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