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Lane AN, Higashi RM, Fan TWM. Challenges of Spatially Resolved Metabolism in Cancer Research. Metabolites 2024; 14:383. [PMID: 39057706 PMCID: PMC11278851 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics comprises a critical set of technologies that can be applied to a wide variety of systems, from isolated cells to whole organisms, to define metabolic pathway usage and responses to perturbations such as drugs or mutations, as well as providing the basis for flux analysis. As the diversity of stable isotope-enriched compounds is very high, and with newer approaches to multiplexing, the coverage of metabolism is now very extensive. However, as the complexity of the model increases, including more kinds of interacting cell types and interorgan communication, the analytical complexity also increases. Further, as studies move further into spatially resolved biology, new technical problems have to be overcome owing to the small number of analytes present in the confines of a single cell or cell compartment. Here, we review the overall goals and solutions made possible by stable isotope tracing and their applications to models of increasing complexity. Finally, we discuss progress and outstanding difficulties in high-resolution spatially resolved tracer-based metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Lane
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (R.M.H.); (T.W.-M.F.)
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2
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Liang L, Song X, Zhao H, Lim CT. Insights into the mechanobiology of cancer metastasis via microfluidic technologies. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:021506. [PMID: 38841688 PMCID: PMC11151435 DOI: 10.1063/5.0195389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
During cancer metastasis, cancer cells will encounter various microenvironments with diverse physical characteristics. Changes in these physical characteristics such as tension, stiffness, viscosity, compression, and fluid shear can generate biomechanical cues that affect cancer cells, dynamically influencing numerous pathophysiological mechanisms. For example, a dense extracellular matrix drives cancer cells to reorganize their cytoskeleton structures, facilitating confined migration, while this dense and restricted space also acts as a physical barrier that potentially results in nuclear rupture. Identifying these pathophysiological processes and understanding their underlying mechanobiological mechanisms can aid in the development of more effective therapeutics targeted to cancer metastasis. In this review, we outline the advances of engineering microfluidic devices in vitro and their role in replicating tumor microenvironment to mimic in vivo settings. We highlight the potential cellular mechanisms that mediate their ability to adapt to different microenvironments. Meanwhile, we also discuss some important mechanical cues that still remain challenging to replicate in current microfluidic devices in future direction. While much remains to be explored about cancer mechanobiology, we believe the developments of microfluidic devices will reveal how these physical cues impact the behaviors of cancer cells. It will be crucial in the understanding of cancer metastasis, and potentially contributing to better drug development and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfeng Liang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Subasic CN, Simpson F, Minchin RF, Kaminskas LM. A PEGylated liposomal formulation of prochlorperazine that limits brain exposure but retains dynamin II activity: A potential adjuvant therapy for cancer patients receiving chemotherapeutic mAbs. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 56:102733. [PMID: 38199450 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies often fail to provide therapeutic benefit in receptor-positive patients due to rapid endocytosis of antibody-bound cell surface receptors. High dose co-administration of prochlorperazine (PCZ) inhibits endocytosis and sensitises tumours to mAbs by inhibiting dynamin II but can also introduce neurological side effects. We examined the potential to use PEGylated liposomal formulations of PCZ (LPCZ) to retain the anti-cancer effects of PCZ, but limit brain uptake. Uncharged liposomes showed complete drug encapsulation and pH-dependent drug release, but cationic liposomes showed limited drug encapsulation and lacked pH-dependent drug release. Uncharged LPCZ showed comparable inhibition of EGFR internalisation to free PCZ in KJD cells. After IV administration to rats, LPCZ reduced the plasma clearance and brain uptake of PCZ compared to IV PCZ. The results suggest that LPCZ may offer some benefit over PCZ as an adjunct therapy in cancer patients receiving mAb treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N Subasic
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rodney F Minchin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lisa M Kaminskas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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4
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Dragic H, Chaveroux C, Cosset E, Manie SN. Modelling cancer metabolism in vitro: current improvements and future challenges. FEBS J 2024; 291:402-411. [PMID: 36516350 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advances in cancer biology over the past decades have revealed that metabolic adaptation of cancer cells is an essential aspect of tumorigenesis. However, recent insights into tumour metabolism in vivo have revealed dissimilarities with results obtained in vitro. This is partly due to the reductionism of in vitro cancer models that struggle to reproduce the complexity of tumour tissues. This review describes some of the discrepancies in cancer cell metabolism between in vitro and in vivo conditions, and presents current methodological approaches and tools used to bridge the gap with the clinically relevant microenvironment. As such, these approaches should generate new knowledge that could be more effectively translated into therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Dragic
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Cedric Chaveroux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Erika Cosset
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Serge N Manie
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
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5
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Baghdasaryan A, Liu H, Ren F, Hsu R, Jiang Y, Wang F, Zhang M, Grigoryan L, Dai H. Intratumor injected gold molecular clusters for NIR-II imaging and cancer therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318265121. [PMID: 38261618 PMCID: PMC10835035 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318265121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Surgical resections of solid tumors guided by visual inspection of tumor margins have been performed for over a century to treat cancer. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence labeling/imaging of tumor in the NIR-I (800 to 900 nm) range with systemically administrated fluorophore/tumor-targeting antibody conjugates have been introduced to improve tumor margin delineation, tumor removal accuracy, and patient survival. Here, we show Au25 molecular clusters functionalized with phosphorylcholine ligands (AuPC, ~2 nm in size) as a preclinical intratumorally injectable agent for NIR-II/SWIR (1,000 to 3,000 nm) fluorescence imaging-guided tumor resection. The AuPC clusters were found to be uniformly distributed in the 4T1 murine breast cancer tumor upon intratumor (i.t.) injection. The phosphocholine coating afforded highly stealth clusters, allowing a high percentage of AuPC to fill the tumor interstitial fluid space homogeneously. Intra-operative surgical navigation guided by imaging of the NIR-II fluorescence of AuPC allowed for complete and non-excessive tumor resection. The AuPC in tumors were also employed as a photothermal therapy (PTT) agent to uniformly heat up and eradicate tumors. Further, we performed in vivo NIR-IIb (1,500 to 1,700 nm) molecular imaging of the treated tumor using a quantum dot-Annexin V (QD-P3-Anx V) conjugate, revealing cancer cell apoptosis following PTT. The therapeutic functionalities of AuPC clusters combined with rapid renal excretion, high biocompatibility, and safety make them promising for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Baghdasaryan
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Haoran Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Fuqiang Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - RuSiou Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Mengzhen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Lilit Grigoryan
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
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6
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He F, Zhou X, Cheng J, Zhang P, Zhao J, Liang Y, Hou Y, Liu W, Han D. MRI-Based Interstitial Fluid Velocity Analysis for Drug Delivery Efficiency Evaluation in Tumor. Anal Chem 2024; 96:204-211. [PMID: 38148285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
There are many flow behaviors in solid tumors, including intravascular, bloodstream, and interstitial convection. Studies have shown that tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) is an important part of tumor microenvironment regulation and affects drug delivery and metabolism between tumor cells. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is suitable for detecting the flow rates of liquids in tissues. Clinical phase contrast PC-MRI technology has been designed to observe the blood flow in large vessels such as arteries and veins; however, it is not sensitive enough to deal with slow flow velocity. Our previously developed vertical plane echo PC-MRI technology, the Velocity Mapping sequence, improved the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for measuring slow interstitial fluid rate. In this study, this sequence was used to determine the TIF flow rate in MDA-MB-231 human breast tumor cells used in BALB/c nude male mice. Two different sizes of contrast agents were intravenously injected, and the relationship between their distribution and the TIF flow rate was studied for the first time. Combining the results of clinical scanning showed that small-molecule DTPA-Gd (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-gadolinium) was distributed immediately around the tumor margin after the injection. This distribution was positively correlated to the high flow rate area of the TIF before administration. In contrast, nanoparticles NaGdF4-PEG (polyethylene glycol) entered the tumor and reached their peak at 3 h. Drug distribution was negatively correlated with the high-flow-rate region of the TIF. Investigation of the TIF velocity can help better understand the fluid behavior in tumors and its role in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei He
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junwei Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peisen Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Hou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dong Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Cristi F, Walters M, Narayan N, Agopsowicz K, Hitt MM, Shmulevitz M. Improved oncolytic activity of a reovirus mutant that displays enhanced virus spread due to reduced cell attachment. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 31:100743. [PMID: 38033400 PMCID: PMC10685048 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.100743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild-type reovirus serotype 3 Dearing (T3wt), a non-pathogenic intestinal virus, has shown promise as a cancer therapy in clinical trials, but it would benefit from an increased potency. Given that T3wt is naturally adapted to the intestinal environment (rather than tumors), we genetically modified reovirus to improve its infectivity in cancer cells. Various reovirus mutants were created, and their oncolytic potency was evaluated in vitro using plaque size as a measure of virus fitness in cancer cells. Notably, Super Virus 5 (SV5), carrying five oncolytic mutations, displayed the largest plaques in breast cancer cells among the mutants tested, indicating the potential for enhancing oncolytic potency through the combination of mutations. Furthermore, in a HER2+ murine breast cancer model, mice treated with SV5 exhibited superior tumor reduction and increased survival compared with those treated with PBS or T3wt. Intriguingly, SV5 did not replicate faster than T3wt in cultured cells but demonstrated a farther spread relative to T3wt, attributed to its reduced attachment to cancer cells. These findings highlight the significance of increased virus spread as a crucial mechanism for improving oncolytic virus activity. Thus, genetic modifications of reovirus hold the potential for augmenting its efficacy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Cristi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Maiah Walters
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Nashae Narayan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Kate Agopsowicz
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Mary M. Hitt
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Maya Shmulevitz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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Dargent A, Dumargne H, Labruyère M, Brezillon S, Brassart-Pasco S, Blot M, Charles PE, Fournel I, Quenot JP, Jacquier M. Role of the interstitium during septic shock: a key to the understanding of fluid dynamics? J Intensive Care 2023; 11:44. [PMID: 37817235 PMCID: PMC10565984 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-023-00694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While not traditionally included in the conceptual understanding of circulation, the interstitium plays a critical role in maintaining fluid homeostasis. Fluid balance regulation is a critical aspect of septic shock, with a well-known association between fluid balance and outcome. The regulation of transcapillary flow is the first key to understand fluid homeostasis during sepsis. MAIN TEXT Capillary permeability is increased during sepsis, and was classically considered to be necessary and sufficient to explain the increase of capillary filtration during inflammation. However, on the other side of the endothelial wall, the interstitium may play an even greater role to drive capillary leak. Indeed, the interstitial extracellular matrix forms a complex gel-like structure embedded in a collagen skeleton, and has the ability to directly attract intravascular fluid by decreasing its hydrostatic pressure. Thus, interstitium is not a mere passive reservoir, as was long thought, but is probably major determinant of fluid balance regulation during sepsis. Up to this date though, the role of the interstitium during sepsis and septic shock has been largely overlooked. A comprehensive vision of the interstitium may enlight our understanding of septic shock pathophysiology. Overall, we have identified five potential intersections between septic shock pathophysiology and the interstitium: 1. increase of oedema formation, interacting with organ function and metabolites diffusion; 2. interstitial pressure regulation, increasing transcapillary flow; 3. alteration of the extracellular matrix; 4. interstitial secretion of inflammatory mediators; 5. decrease of lymphatic outflow. CONCLUSIONS We aimed at reviewing the literature and summarizing the current knowledge along these specific axes, as well as methodological aspects related to interstitium exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auguste Dargent
- Service d'Anesthésie Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite, 69495, Lyon, France.
- APCSe VetAgro Sup UPSP 2016.A101, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Hugo Dumargne
- Service d'Anesthésie Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite, 69495, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Labruyère
- Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, CHU François Mitterrand, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Mathieu Blot
- Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU François Mitterrand, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France
- Lipness Team, INSERM LNC-UMR1231 et LabEx LipSTIC, Université de Bourgogne, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Charles
- Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, CHU François Mitterrand, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France
- Lipness Team, INSERM LNC-UMR1231 et LabEx LipSTIC, Université de Bourgogne, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Isabelle Fournel
- Module Épidémiologie Clinique, Inserm, CHU Dijon, Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne, CIC1432, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Quenot
- Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, CHU François Mitterrand, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France
- Lipness Team, INSERM LNC-UMR1231 et LabEx LipSTIC, Université de Bourgogne, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
- Module Épidémiologie Clinique, Inserm, CHU Dijon, Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne, CIC1432, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Marine Jacquier
- Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, CHU François Mitterrand, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France
- Lipness Team, INSERM LNC-UMR1231 et LabEx LipSTIC, Université de Bourgogne, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
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Marciniak M, Wagner M. Innate lymphoid cells and tumor-derived lactic acid: novel contenders in an enduring game. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1236301. [PMID: 37868977 PMCID: PMC10585168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1236301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis, also known as the Warburg effect, has for a prolonged period of time been perceived as a defining feature of tumor metabolism. The redirection of glucose utilization towards increased production of lactate by cancer cells enables their rapid proliferation, unceasing growth, and longevity. At the same time, it serves as a significant contributor to acidification of the tumor microenvironment, which, in turn, imposes substantial constraints on infiltrating immune cells. Here, we delve into the influence of tumor-derived lactic acid on innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and discuss potential therapeutic approaches. Given the abundance of ILCs in barrier tissues such as the skin, we provide insights aimed at translating this knowledge into therapies that may specifically target skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Marciniak
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Wagner
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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10
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Hibino S, Eto S, Hangai S, Endo K, Ashitani S, Sugaya M, Osawa T, Soga T, Taniguchi T, Yanai H. Tumor cell-derived spermidine is an oncometabolite that suppresses TCR clustering for intratumoral CD8 + T cell activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305245120. [PMID: 37276392 PMCID: PMC10268234 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305245120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation and expansion of T cells that recognize cancer cells is an essential aspect to antitumor immunity. Tumors may escape destruction by the immune system through ectopic expression of inhibitory immune ligands typically exemplified by the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway. Here, we reveal another facet of tumor evasion from T cell surveillance. By secretome profiling of necrotic tumor cells, we identified an oncometabolite spermidine as a unique inhibitor of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Mechanistically, spermidine causes the downregulation of the plasma membrane cholesterol levels, resulting in the suppression of TCR clustering. Using syngeneic mouse models, we show that spermidine is abundantly detected in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and that administration of the polyamine synthesis inhibitor effectively enhanced CD8+ T cell-dependent antitumor responses. Further, the combination of the polyamine synthesis inhibitor with anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint antibody resulted in a much stronger antitumor immune response. This study reveals an aspect of immunosuppressive TIME, wherein spermidine functions as a metabolic T cell checkpoint that may offer a unique approach for promoting tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Hibino
- Department of Inflammology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo153-0041, Japan
| | - Shotaro Eto
- Department of Inflammology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo153-0041, Japan
| | - Sho Hangai
- Department of Inflammology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo153-0041, Japan
| | - Keiko Endo
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata997-0052, Japan
| | - Sanae Ashitani
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata997-0052, Japan
| | - Maki Sugaya
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo153-8904, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Osawa
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo153-8904, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata997-0052, Japan
| | - Tadatsugu Taniguchi
- Department of Inflammology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo153-0041, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yanai
- Department of Inflammology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo153-0041, Japan
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11
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Henriquez F, Celentano D, Vega M, Pincheira G, Morales-Ferreiro JO. Modeling of Microneedle Arrays in Transdermal Drug Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020358. [PMID: 36839680 PMCID: PMC9963288 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of computational tools for the development of technologies in fields such as medicine and engineering has facilitated the process of designing new components and devices for these areas. In this work, two proposals focused on a hollow microneedle array (MNA) for the administration of an analgesic drug are shown and evaluated by means of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation distributed in three stages. In the first stage, the behavior of lidocaine through the MNA was evaluated as a workflow. Then, the possible entry of the drug into the organism, which was established as a porous aqueous medium, was modeled. Finally, a joint simulation was performed to understand the general behavior in the interaction between the outflow of an MNA and the body to which lidocaine is administered. The input parameters to the simulation were set at a velocity of 0.05 m∙s-1, at a pressure of 2000 Pa, the dominant behavior was defined as laminar flow, and a resistive pressure at the inlet of 400 Pa. Our results indicate that the vertical flow exhibits a better fluid distribution across the MNAs and favorable infiltration behavior, representing better delivery of the analgesic to the skin capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Henriquez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Tecnologías Industriales, Universidad de Talca, Camino Los Niches Km 1, Curicó 3340000, Chile
- Correspondence: (F.H.); (J.O.M.-F.)
| | - Diego Celentano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Metalúrgica, Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados (CIEN-UC), Millennium Institute on Green Ammonia as Energy Vector (MIGA), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macúl, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Marcela Vega
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de Talca, 1 Poniente 1141, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Pincheira
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Tecnologías Industriales, Universidad de Talca, Camino Los Niches Km 1, Curicó 3340000, Chile
| | - J. O. Morales-Ferreiro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Tecnologías Industriales, Universidad de Talca, Camino Los Niches Km 1, Curicó 3340000, Chile
- Correspondence: (F.H.); (J.O.M.-F.)
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Talaat IM, Kim B. A brief glimpse of a tangled web in a small world: Tumor microenvironment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1002715. [PMID: 36045917 PMCID: PMC9421133 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1002715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A tumor is a result of stepwise accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. This notion has deepened the understanding of cancer biology and has introduced the era of targeted therapies. On the other hand, there have been a series of attempts of using the immune system to treat tumors, dating back to ancient history, to sporadic reports of inflamed tumors undergoing spontaneous regression. This was succeeded by modern immunotherapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The recent breakthrough has broadened the sight to other players within tumor tissue. Tumor microenvironment is a niche or a system orchestrating reciprocal and dynamic interaction of various types of cells including tumor cells and non-cellular components. The output of this complex communication dictates the functions of the constituent elements present within it. More complicated factors are biochemical and biophysical settings unique to TME. This mini review provides a brief guide on a range of factors to consider in the TME research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M. Talaat
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Byoungkwon Kim
- Department of Pathology, H.H. Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
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13
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Xue T, Xu P, Padelford J, Xue X, Wu AY, Li Y, Wang L. Actively targeted delivery of SN38 by ultrafine iron oxide nanoparticle for treating pancreatic cancer. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:546-555. [PMID: 35290548 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers largely due to the inefficient delivery of therapeutics. Nanomaterials have been extensively investigated as drug delivery platforms, showing improved drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. However, their applications in pancreatic cancer have not yet been successful due to limited tumor delivery caused by dense tumor stroma and distorted tumor vasculatures. Meanwhile, smaller-sized nanomaterials have shown improved tumor delivery and retention in various tumors, including pancreatic tumors, suggesting their potential in enhancing drug delivery. An ultrafine iron oxide nanoparticle (uIONP) was used to encapsulate 7-ethyl-10-hydroxyl camptothecin (SN38), the water-insoluble active metabolite of pancreatic cancer chemotherapy drug irinotecan. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was conjugated to uIONP as a ligand for targeting pancreatic cancer cells overexpressing IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R). The SN38 loading and release profile were characterized. The pancreatic cancer cell targeting using IGF1-uIONP/SN38 and subsequently induced cell apoptosis were also investigated. IGF1-uIONP/SN38 demonstrated a stable drug loading in physiological pH with the loading efficiency of 68.2 ± 3.5% (SN38/Fe, wt%) and < 7% release for 24 h. In tumor-interstitial- and lysosomal-mimicking pH (6.5 and 5.5), 52.2 and 91.3% of encapsulated SN38 were released over 24 h. The IGF1-uIONP/SN38 exhibited specific receptor-mediated cell targeting and cytotoxicity Ato MiaPaCa-2 and Panc02 pancreatic cancer cells with IC50 of 11.8 ± 2.3 and 20.8 ± 3.5 nM, respectively, but not to HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells. IGF1-uIONP significantly improved the targeted SN38 delivery to pancreatic cancer cells, holding the potential for in vivo theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xue
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Peijia Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | | | - Xingkui Xue
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Alyssa Y Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yuancheng Li
- LLC, 5M Biomed, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, China.
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14
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Beringhs AO, Ndaya D, Bosire R, Kasi RM, Lu X. Imaging Tumor Heterogeneity and the Variations in Nanoparticle Accumulation using Perfluorooctyl Bromide Nanocapsule X‐ray Computed Tomography Contrast. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André O'Reilly Beringhs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Dennis Ndaya
- Polymer Program Institute of Material Sciences University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Reuben Bosire
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Rajeswari M. Kasi
- Polymer Program Institute of Material Sciences University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Xiuling Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
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15
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Li Y, Chen Z, Gu L, Duan Z, Pan D, Xu Z, Gong Q, Li Y, Zhu H, Luo K. Anticancer nanomedicines harnessing tumor microenvironmental components. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:337-354. [PMID: 35244503 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2050211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Small-molecular drugs are extensively used in cancer therapy, while they have issues of nonspecific distribution and consequent side effects. Nanomedicines that incorporate chemotherapeutic drugs have been developed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs and reduce their side effects. One of the promising strategies is to prepare nanomedicines by harnessing the unique tumor microenvironment (TME). AREAS COVERED The TME contains numerous cell types that specifically express specific antibodies on the surface including tumor vascular endothelial cells, tumor-associated adipocytes, tumor-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated immune cells and cancer stem cells. The physicochemical environment is characterized with a low pH, hypoxia, and a high redox potential resulting from tumor-specific metabolism. The intelligent nanomedicines can be categorized into two groups: the first group which is rapidly responsive to extracellular chemical/biological factors in the TME and the second one which actively and/or specifically targets cellular components in the TME. EXPERT OPINION In this paper, we review recent progress of nanomedicines by harnessing the TME and illustrate the principles and advantages of different strategies for designing nanomedicines, which are of great significance for exploring novel nanomedicines or translating current nanomedicines into clinical practice. We will discuss the challenges and prospects of preparing nanomedicines to utilize or alter the TME for achieving effective, safe anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinggang Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhonglan Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, Cochrane China Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhengyu Duan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dayi Pan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhuping Xu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Youping Li
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, Cochrane China Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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16
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Vecchio E, Caiazza C, Mimmi S, Avagliano A, Iaccino E, Brusco T, Nisticò N, Maisano D, Aloisio A, Quinto I, Renna M, Divisato G, Romano S, Tufano M, D’Agostino M, Vigliar E, Iaccarino A, Mignogna C, Andreozzi F, Mannino GC, Spiga R, Stornaiuolo M, Arcucci A, Mallardo M, Fiume G. Metabolites Profiling of Melanoma Interstitial Fluids Reveals Uridine Diphosphate as Potent Immune Modulator Capable of Limiting Tumor Growth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:730726. [PMID: 34604232 PMCID: PMC8486041 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.730726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) surrounds and perfuses tumors and collects ions, metabolites, proteins, and extracellular vesicles secreted by tumor and stromal cells. Specific metabolites, accumulated within the TIF, could induce metabolic alterations of immune cells and shape the tumor microenvironment. We deployed a metabolomic approach to analyze the composition of melanoma TIF and compared it to the plasma of C57BL6 mice, engrafted or not with B16-melanoma cells. Among the classes of metabolites analyzed, monophosphate and diphosphate nucleotides resulted enriched in TIF compared to plasma samples. The analysis of the effects exerted by guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and uridine diphosphate (UDP) on immune response revealed that GDP and UDP increased the percentage of CD4+CD25+FoxP3- and, on isolated CD4+ T-cells, induced the phosphorylation of ERK, STAT1, and STAT3; increased the activity of NF-κB subunits p65, p50, RelB, and p52; increased the expression of Th1/Th17 markers including IFNγ, IL17, T-bet, and RORγt; and reduced the expression of IL13, a Th2 marker. Finally, we observed that local administrations of UDP in B16-engrafted C57BL6 mice reduced tumor growth and necrotic areas. In addition, UDP-treated tumors showed a higher presence of MHCIIhi tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) and of CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+ tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs), both markers of anti-tumor immune response. Consistent with this, intra-tumoral gene expression analysis revealed in UDP-treated tumors an increase in the expression of genes functionally linked to anti-tumor immune response. Our analysis revealed an important metabolite acting as mediator of immune response, which could potentially represent an additional tool to be used as an adjuvant in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vecchio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Caiazza
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Selena Mimmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angelica Avagliano
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Teresa Brusco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nancy Nisticò
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Maisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ileana Quinto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maurizio Renna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Divisato
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Tufano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo D’Agostino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Vigliar
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Iaccarino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Mignogna
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosangela Spiga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Arcucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
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17
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Slay EE, Meldrum FC, Pensabene V, Amer MH. Embracing Mechanobiology in Next Generation Organ-On-A-Chip Models of Bone Metastasis. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:722501. [PMID: 35047952 PMCID: PMC8757701 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.722501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis in breast cancer is associated with high mortality. Biomechanical cues presented by the extracellular matrix play a vital role in driving cancer metastasis. The lack of in vitro models that recapitulate the mechanical aspects of the in vivo microenvironment hinders the development of novel targeted therapies. Organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) platforms have recently emerged as a new generation of in vitro models that can mimic cell-cell interactions, enable control over fluid flow and allow the introduction of mechanical cues. Biomaterials used within OOAC platforms can determine the physical microenvironment that cells reside in and affect their behavior, adhesion, and localization. Refining the design of OOAC platforms to recreate microenvironmental regulation of metastasis and probe cell-matrix interactions will advance our understanding of breast cancer metastasis and support the development of next-generation metastasis-on-a-chip platforms. In this mini-review, we discuss the role of mechanobiology on the behavior of breast cancer and bone-residing cells, summarize the current capabilities of OOAC platforms for modeling breast cancer metastasis to bone, and highlight design opportunities offered by the incorporation of mechanobiological cues in these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E. Slay
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Virginia Pensabene
- School of School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mahetab H. Amer
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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18
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Majumder M, Ugwuagbo KC, Maiti S, Lala PK, Brackstone M. Pri-miR526b and Pri-miR655 Are Potential Blood Biomarkers for Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153838. [PMID: 34359739 PMCID: PMC8345356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Previously, we reported that the expression of two oncogenic miRNAs, miR526b and miR655, in poorly metastatic breast cancer cells enhances aggressive breast cancer phenotypes. Furthermore, miR526b and miR655 expression in breast tumors is associated with poor patient survival. We recently showed that both miRNAs are major regulators of the tumor microenvironment and can be detected in cell-free tumor cell secretions. Therefore, we wanted to test the biomarker potential of these two miRNAs. Early detection can improve breast cancer patient survival by 98%. Here, we report novel findings that precursors of both miRNAs, pri-miR526b and pri-miR655, are sensitive and robust blood biomarkers to distinguish cancer from benign plasmas. Pri-miR526b proved to be a very sensitive biomarker in detecting breast cancer at an early stage. Hence, pri-miR526b can be used as an early diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer. Abstract We reported that two microRNAs, miR526b and miR655, are oncogenic in breast cancer (BC). Overexpression of these two miRNAs in poorly metastatic BC cells promotes aggressive BC phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. High expression of each miRNA was associated with poor patient survival. In this pilot biomarker study, we report for the first time that miRNA precursor RNAs (pri-miRNAs) are robust and sensitive biomarkers for BC, detectable in both human blood plasma and biopsy tissues. Pri-miRNA detection and quantification do not require a special enrichment procedure, thus reducing specimen quantity. Blood plasma samples from 90 malignant tumor-bearing patients and 20 benign lesion-bearing participants (control) were analyzed for pri-miRNA expression with a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results revealed that normalized expressions of plasma pri-miR526b and pri-miR655 are significantly upregulated in malignancy compared to benign plasmas (p = 0.002 and p = 0.03, respectively). Both pri-miRNAs showed more prominent results to distinguish stage I plasmas from benign plasmas (p = 0.001 for pri-miR526b and p = 0.0001 for pri-miR655). We have also validated pri-miRNA expression in independent tumor bank tissues, showing significant upregulation of both pri-miRNAs in BC; thus, pri-miRNAs are robust markers. The diagnostic relevance of pri-miRNAs was computed with the area under the curve (AUC). Pri-miR526b is a sensitive biomarker to distinguish cancer from control plasmas (sensitivity of 86%; AUC = 71.47%, p = 0.0027) with a positive predictive value of 88.89%; however, pri-miR655 did not show significant sensitivity. Furthermore, pri-miR526b could also significantly distinguish tumors as early as stage I from control (sensitivity of 75%; AUC = 72.71%, p = 0.0037). Therefore, pri-miR526b can be used as an early diagnostic biomarker. The expression of both pri-miRNAs was significantly high in ER-positive and HER2-negative subgroups of BC; hence, these biomarkers might play a role in the management of endocrine therapy designs. Additionally, with a case–control cohort study, we identified that high expression of pri-miR526b in the blood is also a risk factor associated with breast cancer (OR = 4.3, CI = 1.39–13.34, p = 0.01). Pri-miRNAs could be considered novel breast cancer blood biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Majumder
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada; (K.C.U.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Sujit Maiti
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada; (K.C.U.); (S.M.)
| | - Peeyush K Lala
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (P.K.L.); (M.B.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Muriel Brackstone
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (P.K.L.); (M.B.)
- Lawson Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
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19
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Saeed RM, Abdullah M, Ahram M, Taha MO. Novel Ellipsoid Chitosan-Phthalate Lecithin Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:695371. [PMID: 34395401 PMCID: PMC8355739 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.695371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has received increased interest as a gene therapeutic agent. However, instability and lack of safe, affordable, and effective carrier systems limit siRNA's widespread clinical use. To tackle this issue, synthetic vectors such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles have recently been extensively investigated. In this study, we exploited the advantages of reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced cellular penetration of chitosan-phthalate (CSP) together with the merits of lecithin (LC)-based nanoparticles (NPs) to create novel, ellipsoid, non-cytotoxic, tripolyphosphate (TPP)-crosslinked NPs capable of delivering siRNA efficiently. The resulting NPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and were found to be ellipsoid in the shape of ca. 180 nm in size, exhibiting novel double-layer shells, with excellent stability at physiological pH and in serum solutions. MTT assay and confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that CSP-LC-TPP NPs are non-cytotoxic and efficiently penetrate cancer cells in vitro. They achieved 44% silencing against SLUG protein in MDA-MB-453 cancer cells and were significantly superior to a commercial liposome-based transfection agent that achieved only 30% silencing under comparable conditions. Moreover, the NPs protected their siRNA cargos in 50% serum and from being displaced by variable concentrations of heparin. In fact, CSP-LC-TPP NPs achieved 26% transfection efficiency in serum containing cell culture media. Real-time wide-field fluorescence microscopy showed siRNA-loaded CSP-LC-TPP NPs to successfully release their cargo intracellularly. We found that the amphoteric nature of chitosan-phthalate polymer promotes the endosomal escape of siRNA and improves the silencing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Mukred Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Abdullah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mamoun Ahram
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mutasem Omar Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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20
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Solans BP, Garrido MJ, Trocóniz IF. Drug Exposure to Establish Pharmacokinetic-Response Relationships in Oncology. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021; 59:123-135. [PMID: 31654368 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-019-00828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the oncology field, understanding the relationship between the dose administered and the exerted effect is particularly important because of the narrow therapeutic index associated with anti-cancer drugs and the high interpatient variability. Therefore, in this review, we provide a critical perspective of the different methods of characterising treatment exposure in the oncology setting. The increasing number of modelling applications in oncology reflects the applicability and the impact of pharmacometrics on all phases of the drug development process and patient management as well. Pharmacometric modelling is a worthy component within the current paradigm of model-based drug development, but pharmacometric modelling techniques are also accessible for the clinician in the optimisation of current oncology therapies. Consequently, the application of population models in a hospital setting by generating close collaborations between physicians and pharmacometricians is highly recommended, providing a systematic means of developing and assessing model-based metrics as 'drivers' for various responses to treatments, which can then be evaluated as predictors for treatment success. Characterising the key determinants of variability in exposure is of particular importance for anticancer agents, as efficacy and toxicity are associated with exposure. We present the different strategies to describe and predict drug exposure that can be applied depending on the data available, with the objective of obtaining the most useful information in the patients' favour throughout the full drug cycle. Therefore, the objective of the present article is to review the different approaches used to characterise a patient's exposure to oncology drugs, which will result in a better understanding of the time course of the response and the magnitude of interpatient variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén P Solans
- Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. .,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Garrido
- Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki F Trocóniz
- Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. .,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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21
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Alleviating Terminal Pediatric Cancer Pain. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8030239. [PMID: 33808534 PMCID: PMC8003275 DOI: 10.3390/children8030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Terminal cancer pain remains one of the most distressing aspects of pediatric oncology practice. Opioids are the cornerstone of cancer pain management at end-of-life and fortunately, most pain at end-of-life can be managed successfully. This article presents a practical step-by-step approach to alleviating pediatric terminal cancer pain, which can be delivered across settings.
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22
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Subia B, Dahiya UR, Mishra S, Ayache J, Casquillas GV, Caballero D, Reis RL, Kundu SC. Breast tumor-on-chip models: From disease modeling to personalized drug screening. J Control Release 2021; 331:103-120. [PMID: 33417986 PMCID: PMC8172385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide being the most common cancer among women. Despite the significant progress obtained during the past years in the understanding of breast cancer pathophysiology, women continue to die from it. Novel tools and technologies are needed to develop better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and to better understand the molecular and cellular players involved in the progression of this disease. Typical methods employed by the pharmaceutical industry and laboratories to investigate breast cancer etiology and evaluate the efficiency of new therapeutic compounds are still based on traditional tissue culture flasks and animal models, which have certain limitations. Recently, tumor-on-chip technology emerged as a new generation of in vitro disease model to investigate the physiopathology of tumors and predict the efficiency of drugs in a native-like microenvironment. These microfluidic systems reproduce the functional units and composition of human organs and tissues, and importantly, the rheological properties of the native scenario, enabling precise control over fluid flow or local gradients. Herein, we review the most recent works related to breast tumor-on-chip for disease modeling and drug screening applications. Finally, we critically discuss the future applications of this emerging technology in breast cancer therapeutics and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bano Subia
- Elvesys Microfluidics Innovation Centre, Paris 75011, France..
| | | | - Sarita Mishra
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India..
| | - Jessica Ayache
- Elvesys Microfluidics Innovation Centre, Paris 75011, France..
| | | | - David Caballero
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Barco, Guimarãaes 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Barco, Guimarãaes 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Barco, Guimarãaes 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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23
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Terkelsen T, Pernemalm M, Gromov P, Børresen-Dale AL, Krogh A, Haakensen VD, Lethiö J, Papaleo E, Gromova I. High-throughput proteomics of breast cancer interstitial fluid: identification of tumor subtype-specific serologically relevant biomarkers. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:429-461. [PMID: 33176066 PMCID: PMC7858121 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in breast cancer (BC) research, clinicians lack robust serological protein markers for accurate diagnostics and tumor stratification. Tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) accumulates aberrantly externalized proteins within the local tumor space, which can potentially gain access to the circulatory system. As such, TIF may represent a valuable starting point for identifying relevant tumor-specific serological biomarkers. The aim of the study was to perform comprehensive proteomic profiling of TIF to identify proteins associated with BC tumor status and subtype. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of 35 TIFs of three main subtypes: luminal (19), Her2 (4), and triple-negative (TNBC) (12) resulted in the identification of > 8800 proteins. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering segregated the TIF proteome into two major clusters, luminal and TNBC/Her2 subgroups. High-grade tumors enriched with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were also stratified from low-grade tumors. A consensus analysis approach, including differential abundance analysis, selection operator regression, and random forest returned a minimal set of 24 proteins associated with BC subtypes, receptor status, and TIL scoring. Among them, a panel of 10 proteins, AGR3, BCAM, CELSR1, MIEN1, NAT1, PIP4K2B, SEC23B, THTPA, TMEM51, and ULBP2, was found to stratify the tumor subtype-specific TIFs. In particular, upregulation of BCAM and CELSR1 differentiates luminal subtypes, while upregulation of MIEN1 differentiates Her2 subtypes. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed a direct correlation between protein abundance in TIFs and intratumor expression levels for all 10 proteins. Sensitivity and specificity were estimated for this protein panel by using an independent, comprehensive breast tumor proteome dataset. The results of this analysis strongly support our data, with eight of the proteins potentially representing biomarkers for stratification of BC subtypes. Five of the most representative proteomics databases currently available were also used to estimate the potential for these selected proteins to serve as putative serological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilde Terkelsen
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Pernemalm
- Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pavel Gromov
- Breast Cancer Biology Group, Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Anders Krogh
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilde D Haakensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Janne Lethiö
- Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Translational Disease System Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irina Gromova
- Breast Cancer Biology Group, Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Esteves M, Monteiro MP, Duarte JA. Role of Regular Physical Exercise in Tumor Vasculature: Favorable Modulator of Tumor Milieu. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:389-406. [PMID: 33307553 DOI: 10.1055/a-1308-3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor vessel network has been investigated as a precursor of an inhospitable tumor microenvironment, including its repercussions in tumor perfusion, oxygenation, interstitial fluid pressure, pH, and immune response. Dysfunctional tumor vasculature leads to the extravasation of blood to the interstitial space, hindering proper perfusion and causing interstitial hypertension. Consequently, the inadequate delivery of oxygen and clearance of by-products of metabolism promote the development of intratumoral hypoxia and acidification, hampering the action of immune cells and resulting in more aggressive tumors. Thus, pharmacological strategies targeting tumor vasculature were developed, but the overall outcome was not satisfactory due to its transient nature and the higher risk of hypoxia and metastasis. Therefore, physical exercise emerged as a potential favorable modulator of tumor vasculature, improving intratumoral vascularization and perfusion. Indeed, it seems that regular exercise practice is associated with lasting tumor vascular maturity, reduced vascular resistance, and increased vascular conductance. Higher vascular conductance reduces intratumoral hypoxia and increases the accessibility of circulating immune cells to the tumor milieu, inhibiting tumor development and improving cancer treatment. The present paper describes the implications of abnormal vasculature on the tumor microenvironment and the underlying mechanisms promoted by regular physical exercise for the re-establishment of more physiological tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Esteves
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Experimental Morphology, CIAFEL, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital-Escola, Fernando Pessoa University, Gondomar, Portugal
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose Alberto Duarte
- CIAFEL - Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal
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25
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Craig M, Jenner AL, Namgung B, Lee LP, Goldman A. Engineering in Medicine To Address the Challenge of Cancer Drug Resistance: From Micro- and Nanotechnologies to Computational and Mathematical Modeling. Chem Rev 2020; 121:3352-3389. [PMID: 33152247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance has profoundly limited the success of cancer treatment, driving relapse, metastasis, and mortality. Nearly all anticancer drugs and even novel immunotherapies, which recalibrate the immune system for tumor recognition and destruction, have succumbed to resistance development. Engineers have emerged across mechanical, physical, chemical, mathematical, and biological disciplines to address the challenge of drug resistance using a combination of interdisciplinary tools and skill sets. This review explores the developing, complex, and under-recognized role of engineering in medicine to address the multitude of challenges in cancer drug resistance. Looking through the "lens" of intrinsic, extrinsic, and drug-induced resistance (also referred to as "tolerance"), we will discuss three specific areas where active innovation is driving novel treatment paradigms: (1) nanotechnology, which has revolutionized drug delivery in desmoplastic tissues, harnessing physiochemical characteristics to destroy tumors through photothermal therapy and rationally designed nanostructures to circumvent cancer immunotherapy failures, (2) bioengineered tumor models, which have benefitted from microfluidics and mechanical engineering, creating a paradigm shift in physiologically relevant environments to predict clinical refractoriness and enabling platforms for screening drug combinations to thwart resistance at the individual patient level, and (3) computational and mathematical modeling, which blends in silico simulations with molecular and evolutionary principles to map mutational patterns and model interactions between cells that promote resistance. On the basis that engineering in medicine has resulted in discoveries in resistance biology and successfully translated to clinical strategies that improve outcomes, we suggest the proliferation of multidisciplinary science that embraces engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Craig
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.,Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3S 2G4, Canada
| | - Adrianne L Jenner
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.,Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3S 2G4, Canada
| | - Bumseok Namgung
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Luke P Lee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aaron Goldman
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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26
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Akhter MH, Beg S, Tarique M, Malik A, Afaq S, Choudhry H, Hosawi S. Receptor-based targeting of engineered nanocarrier against solid tumors: Recent progress and challenges ahead. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129777. [PMID: 33130062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background In past few decades, the research on engineered nanocarriers (NCs) has gained significant attention in cancer therapy due to selective delivery of drug molecules on the diseased cells thereby preventing unwanted uptake into healthy cells to cause toxicity. Scope of review The applicability of enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect for the delivery of nanomedicines in cancer therapy has gained limited success due to poor accessibility of the drugs to the target cells where non-specific payload delivery to the off target region lack substantial reward over the conventional therapeutic systems. Major conclusions In spite of the fact, nanomedicines fabricated from the biocompatible nanocarriers have reduced targeting potential for meaningful clinical benefits. However, over expression of receptors on the tumor cells provides opportunity to design functional nanomedicine to bind substantially and deliver therapeutics to the cells or tissues of interest by alleviating the bio-toxicity and unwanted effects. This critique will give insight into the over expressed receptor in various tumor and targeting potential of functional nanomedicine as new therapeutic avenues for effective treatment. General significance This review shortly shed light on EPR-based drug targeting using nanomedicinal strategies, their limitation, and advances in therapeutic targeting to the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Habban Akhter
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mohammed Tarique
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Arshi Malik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Afaq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Hosawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Follain G, Gensbittel V, Mary B, Lefebvre O, Harlepp S, Hyenne V, Goetz JG. [Influence of fluid mechanics on metastasis formation]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:872-878. [PMID: 33026329 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastases are the main cause of cancer-related deaths. The chain of events leading to their development is called "the metastatic cascade". The biological and biochemical aspects of this process have been well studied but the importance of biomechanical parameters only recently became a focus in the field. Studies have shown the biological fluids (blood, lymph and interstitial fluid) to play a key role in the metastatic cascade. These fluids participate in the transport of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as well as the factors that they secrete, while at the same time influencing the events of the metastatic cascade through the forces that they generate. The hemodynamic properties and topological constraints of the vascular architecture control the formation of metastatic niches and the metastatic potential of tumor cells. In this review, we discuss the importance of these mechanical forces and highlight the novel questions and research avenues that they open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Follain
- Inserm UMR_S1109, 1 place de l'Hôpital, F-67000 Strasbourg, France - Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France - Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), F-67000 Strasbourg, France - Adresse actuelle : Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finlande
| | - Valentin Gensbittel
- Inserm UMR_S1109, 1 place de l'Hôpital, F-67000 Strasbourg, France - Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France - Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Benjamin Mary
- Inserm UMR_S1109, 1 place de l'Hôpital, F-67000 Strasbourg, France - Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France - Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Lefebvre
- Inserm UMR_S1109, 1 place de l'Hôpital, F-67000 Strasbourg, France - Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France - Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Harlepp
- Inserm UMR_S1109, 1 place de l'Hôpital, F-67000 Strasbourg, France - Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France - Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Hyenne
- Inserm UMR_S1109, 1 place de l'Hôpital, F-67000 Strasbourg, France - Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France - Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), F-67000 Strasbourg, France - CNRS, SNC 5055,
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- Inserm UMR_S1109, 1 place de l'Hôpital, F-67000 Strasbourg, France - Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France - Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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28
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Munir H, Mazzaglia C, Shields JD. Stromal regulation of tumor-associated lymphatics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:75-89. [PMID: 32783989 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances have identified a growing array of roles played by lymphatics in the tumor microenvironment, from providing a route of metastasis to immune modulation. The tumor microenvironment represents an exceptionally complex, dynamic niche comprised of a diverse mixture of cancer cells and normal host cells termed the stroma. This review discusses our current understanding of stromal elements and how they regulate lymphatic growth and functional properties in the tumor context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Munir
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Box 197 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ
| | - Corrado Mazzaglia
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Box 197 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ
| | - Jacqueline D Shields
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Box 197 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ.
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29
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ALKBH5 regulates anti-PD-1 therapy response by modulating lactate and suppressive immune cell accumulation in tumor microenvironment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20159-20170. [PMID: 32747553 PMCID: PMC7443867 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918986117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, many patients do not respond or develop resistance to ICB. N6 -methylation of adenosine (m6A) in RNA regulates many pathophysiological processes. Here, we show that deletion of the m6A demethylase Alkbh5 sensitized tumors to cancer immunotherapy. Alkbh5 has effects on m6A density and splicing events in tumors during ICB. Alkbh5 modulates Mct4/Slc16a3 expression and lactate content of the tumor microenvironment and the composition of tumor-infiltrating Treg and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Importantly, a small-molecule Alkbh5 inhibitor enhanced the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Notably, the ALKBH5 gene mutation and expression status of melanoma patients correlate with their response to immunotherapy. Our results suggest that m6A demethylases in tumor cells contribute to the efficacy of immunotherapy and identify ALKBH5 as a potential therapeutic target to enhance immunotherapy outcome in melanoma, colorectal, and potentially other cancers.
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30
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Clark DJ, Zhang H. Proteomic approaches for characterizing renal cell carcinoma. Clin Proteomics 2020; 17:28. [PMID: 32742246 PMCID: PMC7391522 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-020-09291-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is among the top 15 most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, comprising multiple sub-histologies with distinct genomic, proteomic, and clinicopathological features. Proteomic methodologies enable the detection and quantitation of protein profiles associated with the disease state and have been explored to delineate the dysregulated cellular processes associated with renal cell carcinoma. In this review we highlight the reports that employed proteomic technologies to characterize tissue, blood, and urine samples obtained from renal cell carcinoma patients. We describe the proteomic approaches utilized and relate the results of studies in the larger context of renal cell carcinoma biology. Moreover, we discuss some unmet clinical needs and how emerging proteomic approaches can seek to address them. There has been significant progress to characterize the molecular features of renal cell carcinoma; however, despite the large-scale studies that have characterized the genomic and transcriptomic profiles, curative treatments are still elusive. Proteomics facilitates a direct evaluation of the functional modules that drive pathobiology, and the resulting protein profiles would have applications in diagnostics, patient stratification, and identification of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Clark
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
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31
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Matas-Nadal C, Bech-Serra JJ, Guasch-Vallés M, Fernández-Armenteros JM, Barceló C, Casanova JM, de la Torre Gómez C, Aguayo Ortiz R, Garí E. Evaluation of Tumor Interstitial Fluid-Extraction Methods for Proteome Analysis: Comparison of Biopsy Elution versus Centrifugation. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2598-2605. [PMID: 31877049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) composition is a valuable procedure to identify antimetastatic targets, and different laboratories have set up techniques for TIF isolation and proteomic analyses. However, those methods had never been compared in samples from the same tumor and patient. In this work, we compared the two most used methods, elution and centrifugation, in pieces of the same biopsy samples of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). First, we established that high G-force (10 000g) was required to obtain TIF from cSCC by centrifugation. Second, we compared the centrifugation method with the elution method in pieces of three different cSCC tumors. We found that the mean protein intensities based in the number of peptide spectrum matches was significantly higher in the centrifuged samples than in the eluted samples. Regarding the robustness of the methods, we observed higher overlapping between both methods (77-80%) than among samples (50%). These results suggest that there exists an elevated consistence of TIF composition independently of the method used. However, we observed a 3-fold increase of extracellular proteins in nonoverlapped proteome obtained by centrifugation. We therefore conclude that centrifugation is the method of choice to study the proteome of TIF from cutaneous biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Matas-Nadal
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Joan Josep Bech-Serra
- Proteomics Unit, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, 08916, Spain
| | - Marta Guasch-Vallés
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, 25198, Spain.,Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques. Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, 25003, Spain
| | - Josep Manel Fernández-Armenteros
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, 25198, Spain.,Servei de Dermatologia, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Carla Barceló
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Josep Manel Casanova
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, 25198, Spain.,Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques. Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, 25003, Spain.,Servei de Dermatologia, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Aguayo Ortiz
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, 25198, Spain.,Servei de Dermatologia, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Eloi Garí
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, 25198, Spain.,Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques. Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, 25003, Spain
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32
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Terkelsen T, Russo F, Gromov P, Haakensen VD, Brunak S, Gromova I, Krogh A, Papaleo E. Secreted breast tumor interstitial fluid microRNAs and their target genes are associated with triple-negative breast cancer, tumor grade, and immune infiltration. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:73. [PMID: 32605588 PMCID: PMC7329449 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on tumor-secreted microRNAs point to a functional role of these in cellular communication and reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment. Uptake of tumor-secreted microRNAs by neighboring cells may result in the silencing of mRNA targets and, in turn, modulation of the transcriptome. Studying miRNAs externalized from tumors could improve cancer patient diagnosis and disease monitoring and help to pinpoint which miRNA-gene interactions are central for tumor properties such as invasiveness and metastasis. Methods Using a bioinformatics approach, we analyzed the profiles of secreted tumor and normal interstitial fluid (IF) microRNAs, from women with breast cancer (BC). We carried out differential abundance analysis (DAA), to obtain miRNAs, which were enriched or depleted in IFs, from patients with different clinical traits. Subsequently, miRNA family enrichment analysis was performed to assess whether any families were over-represented in the specific sets. We identified dysregulated genes in tumor tissues from the same cohort of patients and constructed weighted gene co-expression networks, to extract sets of co-expressed genes and co-abundant miRNAs. Lastly, we integrated miRNAs and mRNAs to obtain interaction networks and supported our findings using prediction tools and cancer gene databases. Results Network analysis showed co-expressed genes and miRNA regulators, associated with tumor lymphocyte infiltration. All of the genes were involved in immune system processes, and many had previously been associated with cancer immunity. A subset of these, BTLA, CXCL13, IL7R, LAMP3, and LTB, was linked to the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures and high endothelial venules within tumors. Co-abundant tumor interstitial fluid miRNAs within this network, including miR-146a and miR-494, were annotated as negative regulators of immune-stimulatory responses. One co-expression network encompassed differences between BC subtypes. Genes differentially co-expressed between luminal B and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) were connected with sphingolipid metabolism and predicted to be co-regulated by miR-23a. Co-expressed genes and TIF miRNAs associated with tumor grade were BTRC, CHST1, miR-10a/b, miR-107, miR-301a, and miR-454. Conclusion Integration of IF miRNAs and mRNAs unveiled networks associated with patient clinicopathological traits, and underlined molecular mechanisms, specific to BC sub-groups. Our results highlight the benefits of an integrative approach to biomarker discovery, placing secreted miRNAs within a biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilde Terkelsen
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francesco Russo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pavel Gromov
- Breast Cancer Biology Group, Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilde Drageset Haakensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irina Gromova
- Breast Cancer Biology Group, Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Krogh
- Unit of Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Phillips AM, Pombeiro AJ. Transition Metal-Based Prodrugs for Anticancer Drug Delivery. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:7476-7519. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181203141122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
:
Transition metal complexes, of which the platinum(II) complex cisplatin is an example,
have been used in medicine to treat cancer for more than 40 years. Although many successes have
been achieved, there are problems associated with the use of these drugs, such as side effects and
drug resistance. Converting them into prodrugs, to make them more inert, so that they can travel to
the tumour site unchanged and release the drug in its active form only there, is a strategy which is
the subject of much research nowadays. The new prodrugs may be activated and release the cytotoxic
agent by differences in oxygen concentration or in pH, by the action of overexpressed enzymes,
by differences in metabolic rates, etc., which characteristically distinguish cancer cells from
normal ones, or even by the input of radiation, which can be visible light. Converting a metal complex
into a prodrug may also be used to improve its pharmacological properties. In some cases, the
metal complex is a carrier which transports the active drug as a ligand. Some platinum prodrugs
have reached clinical trials. So far platinum, ruthenium and cobalt have been the most studied metals.
This review presents the recent developments in this area, including the types of complexes
used, the mechanisms of drug action and in some cases the techniques applied to monitor drug delivery
to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M.F. Phillips
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Armando J.L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Elingaard-Larsen LO, Rolver MG, Sørensen EE, Pedersen SF. How Reciprocal Interactions Between the Tumor Microenvironment and Ion Transport Proteins Drive Cancer Progression. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:1-38. [PMID: 32737753 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors comprise two major components: the cancer cells and the tumor stroma. The stroma is a mixture of cellular and acellular components including fibroblasts, mesenchymal and cancer stem cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, extracellular matrix, and tumor interstitial fluid. The insufficient tumor perfusion and the highly proliferative state and dysregulated metabolism of the cancer cells collectively create a physicochemical microenvironment characterized by altered nutrient concentrations and varying degrees of hypoxia and acidosis. Furthermore, both cancer and stromal cells secrete numerous growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins which further shape the tumor microenvironment (TME), favoring cancer progression.Transport proteins expressed by cancer and stromal cells localize at the interface between the cells and the TME and are in a reciprocal relationship with it, as both sensors and modulators of TME properties. It has been amply demonstrated how acid-base and nutrient transporters of cancer cells enable their growth, presumably by contributing both to the extracellular acidosis and the exchange of metabolic substrates and waste products between cells and TME. However, the TME also impacts other transport proteins important for cancer progression, such as multidrug resistance proteins. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the cellular and acellular components of solid tumors and their interrelationship with key ion transport proteins. We focus in particular on acid-base transport proteins with known or proposed roles in cancer development, and we discuss their relevance for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line O Elingaard-Larsen
- Translational Type 2 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Michala G Rolver
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ester E Sørensen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine F Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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35
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Huang Y, Deng X, Liang J. Review of the Application of Nanovesicles and the Human Interstitial Fluid in Gastrointestinal Premalignant Lesion Detection, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9469-9482. [PMID: 31819444 PMCID: PMC6896916 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s208559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Premalignant lesions arise from cells that abnormally proliferate and have a tendency to become cancerous. Developing methods to specifically target and remove these premalignant lesions is imperative to the prevention of malignant progression into gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. However, accurate detection and diagnosis of GI precancerous lesions is challenging, as these lesions show little or no structural change. Thus, this prevents early intervention and reduces the success rate of therapy. In this review, we performed a systematic analysis of the technological advancements in the combined application of nanovesicles (NVs) and the human interstitial fluid (HIF) to specifically target GI premalignant lesions. NVs, which include quantum dots (QDs), are small membranous vehicles of a nanometer diameter that are widely used as drug delivery vectors, therapeutic effectors and diagnostic sensors. HIF is the fluid that is present in human interstitial tissues (HITs) in which signaling molecules and agents travel and can be found throughout the body. HIF is exploited by tumor cells for their invasion, migration and spread. Because the HITs span the entire submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, they have been increasingly targeted in GI tumor therapy. The challenges involved in the combined application of NVs and HIF in the detection, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of GI premalignant lesions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou 545001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Deng
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liang
- Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
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36
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Vania L, Morris G, Otgaar TC, Bignoux MJ, Bernert M, Burns J, Gabathuse A, Singh E, Ferreira E, Weiss SFT. Patented therapeutic approaches targeting LRP/LR for cancer treatment. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:987-1009. [PMID: 31722579 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1693543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The ubiquitously expressed 37 kDa/67 kDa high-affinity laminin receptor (laminin receptor precursor/laminin receptor, LRP/LR) is a protein found to play several roles within cells. The receptor is located in the nucleus, cytosol and the cell surface. LRP/LR mediates cell proliferation, cell adhesion and cell differentiation. As a result, it is seen to enhance tumor angiogenesis as well as invasion and adhesion, key steps in the metastatic cascade of cancer. Recent findings have shown that LRP/LR is involved in the maintenance of cell viability through apoptotic evasion, allowing for tumor progression. Thus, several patented therapeutic approaches targeting the receptor for the prevention and treatment of cancer have emerged.Areas covered: The several roles that LRP/LR plays in cancer progression as well as an overview of the current therapeutic patented strategies targeting LRP/LR and cancer to date.Expert opinion: Small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies and small interfering RNAs might act used as powerful tools in preventing tumor angiogenesis and metastasis through the induction of apoptosis and telomere erosion in several cancers. This review offers an overview of the roles played by LRP/LR in cancer progression, while providing novel patented approaches targeting the receptor as potential therapeutic routes for the treatment of cancer as well as various other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Vania
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Gavin Morris
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Tyrone C Otgaar
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Monique J Bignoux
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Martin Bernert
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Jessica Burns
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Anne Gabathuse
- Wits Commercial Enterprise, The Commercial Development Hub, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Elvira Singh
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Eloise Ferreira
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Stefan F T Weiss
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
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37
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Pratiwi R, Antara NY, Fadliansyah LG, Ardiansyah SA, Nurhidayat L, Sholikhah EN, Sunarti S, Widyarini S, Fadhlurrahman AG, Fatmasari H, Tunjung WAS, Haryana SM, Alamsyah F, Taruno WP. CCL2 and IL18 expressions may associate with the anti-proliferative effect of noncontact electro capacitive cancer therapy in vivo. F1000Res 2019; 8:1770. [PMID: 32695310 PMCID: PMC7348523 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20727.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Noncontact Electro Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) is a novel treatment modality in cancer. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) has a major role in the outgrowth of metastatic breast cancer. Interleukin 18 (IL18) plays a role in macrophage alteration, which leads to excessive angiogenesis. This study aims to elaborate on the association of CCL2, IL18, IL23α, and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) expression with the anti-proliferative effect of ECCT in rat breast tumor tissue. Methods: Low intensity (18 Vpp) and intermediate frequency (150 kHz) alternating current-electric field (AC-EF) between two capacitive electrodes were exposed as external EF to a rat cage. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups of six replicates. Breast tumor tissues were collected from 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rats. Two groups were non DMBA-induced rats without ECCT exposure (NINT) and with (NIT). The other two groups were DMBA-induced rats without ECCT exposure (INT) and with (IT). Mammary glands and breast tumor tissues were collected from each group and preserved. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry staining were performed on paraffin sections of tissues using anti-PCNA, anti-ErbB2, anti-Caspase3, and anti-CD68. CCL2, IL18, IL23α, and TNF-α mRNA relative expressions were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Results: ECCT exposure may cause the reduction of PCNA protein expression as well as ErbB2 on breast tumor tissues, but it causes the increase of Caspase3 and macrophage CD68 protein. In rat breast tumor tissues of IT groups, the mRNA expression of CCL2 and IL18 are significantly down-regulated, in contrast with the up-regulated expression of these cytokines in tumor tissues of the INT group. IL23α and TNF- α expression remained similar in both groups. Conclusion: CCL2 and IL18 expressions have an association with the inhibition of breast tumor cell proliferation affected by ECCT exposure
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Affiliation(s)
- Rarastoeti Pratiwi
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.,Graduate School of Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nyoman Yudi Antara
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Luthfi Nurhidayat
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Eti Nurwening Sholikhah
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sunarti Sunarti
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sitarina Widyarini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | | | - Hindana Fatmasari
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | | | - Sofia Mubarika Haryana
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Firman Alamsyah
- Center for Medical Physics and Cancer Research, Ctech Labs Edwar Technology, Tangerang, 15320, Indonesia
| | - Warsito Purwo Taruno
- Center for Medical Physics and Cancer Research, Ctech Labs Edwar Technology, Tangerang, 15320, Indonesia
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Park JE, Yonet-Tanyeri N, Vander Ende E, Henry AI, Perez White BE, Mrksich M, Van Duyne RP. Plasmonic Microneedle Arrays for in Situ Sensing with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6862-6868. [PMID: 31545611 PMCID: PMC7398609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a sensitive, chemically specific, and short-time response probing method with significant potential in biomedical sensing. This paper reports the integration of SERS with microneedle arrays as a minimally invasive platform for chemical sensing, with a particular view toward sensing in interstitial fluid (ISF). Microneedle arrays were fabricated from a commercial polymeric adhesive and coated with plasmonically active gold nanorods that were functionalized with the pH-sensitive molecule 4-mercaptobenzoic acid. This sensor can quantitate pH over a range of 5 to 9 and can detect pH levels in an agar gel skin phantom and in human skin in situ. The sensor array is stable and mechanically robust in that it exhibits no loss in SERS activity after multiple punches through an agar gel skin phantom and human skin or after a month-long incubation in phosphate-buffered saline. This work is the first to integrate SERS-active nanoparticles with polymeric microneedle arrays and to demonstrate in situ sensing with this platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nihan Yonet-Tanyeri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Emma Vander Ende
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anne-Isabelle Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bethany E. Perez White
- Skin Tissue Engineering Core and Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 United States
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Corresponding Authors:.
| | - Richard P. Van Duyne
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Corresponding Authors:.
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39
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Hsu CW, Chang KP, Huang Y, Liu HP, Hsueh PC, Gu PW, Yen WC, Wu CC. Proteomic Profiling of Paired Interstitial Fluids Reveals Dysregulated Pathways and Salivary NID1 as a Biomarker of Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1939-1949. [PMID: 31315917 PMCID: PMC6773556 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are frequently first diagnosed at an advanced stage, leading to poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Early detection of OSCC using body fluid-accessible biomarkers may improve the prognosis and survival rate of OSCC patients. As tumor interstitial fluid is a proximal fluid enriched with cancer-related proteins, it is a useful reservoir suitable for the discovery of cancer biomarkers and dysregulated biological pathways in tumor microenvironments. Thus, paired interstitial fluids of tumor (TIF) and adjacent noncancerous (NIF) tissues from 10 OSCC patients were harvested and analyzed using one-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS/MS). Using label-free spectral counting-based quantification, 113 proteins were found to be up-regulated in the TIFs compared with the NIFs. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the differentially expressed TIF proteins were highly associated with aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis pathway. The elevated levels of 4 proteins (IARS, KARS, WARS, and YARS) involved in the aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis were verified in the OSCC tissues with immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, nidogen-1 (NID1) was selected for verification as an OSCC biomarker. Salivary level of NID1 in OSCC patients (n = 48) was significantly higher than that in the healthy individuals (n = 51) and subjects with oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD; n = 53). IHC analysis showed that NID1 level in OSCC tissues was increased compared with adjacent noncancerous epithelium (n = 222). Importantly, the elevated NID1 level was correlated with the advanced stages of OSCC, as well as the poor survival of OSCC patients. Collectively, the results suggested that TIF analysis facilitates understanding of the OSCC microenvironment and that salivary NID1 may be a useful biomarker for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Hsu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yenlin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ping Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Gu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Yen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
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40
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Bartlett DW, Wu A, Li X, Kraus M, Wang H, Kindt E. Development of an In Vivo Retrodialysis Calibration Method Using Stable Isotope Labeling to Monitor Metabolic Pathways in the Tumor Microenvironment via Microdialysis. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3124-3129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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41
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Human Colorectal Cancer Infrastructure Constructed by the Glycocalyx. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091270. [PMID: 31443371 PMCID: PMC6780787 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can survive and grow via angiogenesis. An alternative but controversial theory is cancer cells may grow via vasculogenic mimicry (VM), in which the cancer cells themselves construct vessel-like channels that are considered a leading cause of drug resistance. The dynamic functions of the glycocalyx (GCX), a meshwork composed of proteoglycans and glycoproteins that surrounds cell membranes, have been observed in endothelial cells within tumors. However, the actual structural shape formed by the GCX in human patients remains unclear. Here, we visualized the three-dimensional (3D) network structure constructed by bulky GCX in human colorectal cancer (CRC) patients using scanning electron microscopy with lanthanum nitrate staining. The network structure extended throughout the cancer cell nest, opening into capillaries, with a tunnel channel that exhibited a net- and spongy-like ultrastructure. The expression of endothelial and cancer-specific GCX-binding lectins was dramatically increased in the interstitial spaces between cancer cells. Even accounting for the presence of artifacts resulting from sample preparation methods, the intercellular tunnels appeared to be coated with the bulky GCX. Further, this 3D network structure was also observed in the tumors of ApcMin/+ mice. In conclusion, the bulky GCX modifies the network structure of CRCs in human and mice.
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42
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García-Cañaveras JC, Chen L, Rabinowitz JD. The Tumor Metabolic Microenvironment: Lessons from Lactate. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3155-3162. [PMID: 31171526 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular milieu of tumors is generally assumed to be immunosuppressive due in part to metabolic factors. Here, we review methods for probing the tumor metabolic microenvironment. In parallel, we consider the resulting available evidence, with a focus on lactate, which is the most strongly increased metabolite in bulk tumors. Limited microenvironment concentration measurements suggest depletion of glucose and modest accumulation of lactate (less than 2-fold). Isotope tracer measurements show rapid lactate exchange between the tumor and circulation. Such exchange is catalyzed by MCT transporters, which cotransport lactate and protons (H+). Rapid lactate exchange seems at odds with tumor lactate accumulation. We propose a potential resolution to this paradox. Because of the high pH of tumor cells relative to the microenvironment, H+-coupled transport by MCTs tends to drive lactate from the interstitium into tumor cells. Accordingly, lactate may accumulate preferentially in tumor cells, not the microenvironment. Thus, although they are likely subject to other immunosuppressive metabolic factors, tumor immune cells may not experience a high lactate environment. The lack of clarity regarding microenvironmental lactate highlights the general need for careful metabolite measurements in the tumor extracellular milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C García-Cañaveras
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Li Chen
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.
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43
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Sullivan MR, Danai LV, Lewis CA, Chan SH, Gui DY, Kunchok T, Dennstedt EA, Vander Heiden MG, Muir A. Quantification of microenvironmental metabolites in murine cancers reveals determinants of tumor nutrient availability. eLife 2019; 8:44235. [PMID: 30990168 PMCID: PMC6510537 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell metabolism is heavily influenced by microenvironmental factors, including nutrient availability. Therefore, knowledge of microenvironmental nutrient levels is essential to understand tumor metabolism. To measure the extracellular nutrient levels available to tumors, we utilized quantitative metabolomics methods to measure the absolute concentrations of >118 metabolites in plasma and tumor interstitial fluid, the extracellular fluid that perfuses tumors. Comparison of nutrient levels in tumor interstitial fluid and plasma revealed that the nutrients available to tumors differ from those present in circulation. Further, by comparing interstitial fluid nutrient levels between autochthonous and transplant models of murine pancreatic and lung adenocarcinoma, we found that tumor type, anatomical location and animal diet affect local nutrient availability. These data provide a comprehensive characterization of the nutrients present in the tumor microenvironment of widely used models of lung and pancreatic cancer and identify factors that influence metabolite levels in tumors. In the body, cancer cells can rely on different nutrients than normal cells, and they can use these nutrients in a different way. What cancer cells consume also depends on what is available in their immediate environment. In a tumor, cells grab nutrients from the ‘interstitial’ fluid that surrounds them, but what is present in this liquid may vary within tumors arising in different locations. Understanding what nutrients are ‘on the menu’ in specific tumors would help to target diseased cells while sparing healthy ones, but this knowledge has been difficult to obtain. To investigate this, Sullivan et al. used a technique called mass spectrometry to measure the amounts of 120 nutrients present in the interstitial fluid of mouse pancreas and lung tumors. Different levels of nutrients were found in the two types of tumors, and analyses showed that what was present in the interstitial fluid depended on the type of cancer cells, where the tumor was located, and what the animals ate. This suggests that cancer cells may have different needs because they are limited in what they have access to. It remains to be seen whether the nutrients levels found in mouse tumors are the same as those in humans. Armed with this knowledge, it may then be possible to feed cancer cells grown in the laboratory with the nutrient menu that they would have access to in the body. This could help identify new cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Sullivan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Laura V Danai
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Sze Ham Chan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Dan Y Gui
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Tenzin Kunchok
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Emily A Dennstedt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Alexander Muir
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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44
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Wagner M, Koyasu S. Cancer Immunoediting by Innate Lymphoid Cells. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:415-430. [PMID: 30992189 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays a dual role in cancer. It conveys protective immunity but also facilitates malignant progression, either by sculpting tumor immunogenicity or by creating a microenvironment that can stimulate tumor outgrowth or aid in a subsequent metastatic cascade. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) embody this functional heterogeneity, although the nature of their responses in cancer has only recently begun to be unveiled. We provide an overview of recent insights into the role of ILCs in cancer. We also discuss how ILCs fit into the conceptual framework of cancer immunoediting, which integrates the dual role of the immune system in carcinogenesis. A broader understanding of their relevance in cancer is essential towards the design of successful therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Wagner
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Shigeo Koyasu
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Khot MI, Andrew H, Svavarsdottir HS, Armstrong G, Quyn AJ, Jayne DG. A Review on the Scope of Photothermal Therapy-Based Nanomedicines in Preclinical Models of Colorectal Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2019; 18:e200-e209. [PMID: 30852125 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncologic thermal ablation involves the use of hyperthermic temperatures to damage and treat solid cancers. Thermal ablation is being investigated as a method of treatment in colorectal cancers and has the potential to complement conventional anticancer treatments in managing local recurrence and metastatic disease. Photothermal therapy utilizes photosensitive agents to generate local heat and induce thermal ablation. There is growing interest in developing nanotechnology platforms to deliver such photosensitive agents. An advantage of nanomedicines is their multifunctionality, with the capability to deliver combinations of chemotherapeutics and cancer-imaging agents. To date, there have been no clinical studies evaluating photothermal therapy-based nanomedicines in colorectal cancers. This review presents the current scope of preclinical studies, investigating nanomedicines that have been developed for delivering multimodal photothermal therapy to colorectal cancers, with an emphasis on potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ibrahim Khot
- School of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Helen Andrew
- School of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Gemma Armstrong
- School of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Aaron J Quyn
- School of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David G Jayne
- School of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Rasouli SS, Jolma IW, Friis HA. Impact of spatially varying hydraulic conductivities on tumor interstitial fluid pressure distribution. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2019.100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Ura B, Di Lorenzo G, Romano F, Monasta L, Mirenda G, Scrimin F, Ricci G. Interstitial Fluid in Gynecologic Tumors and Its Possible Application in the Clinical Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124018. [PMID: 30545144 PMCID: PMC6321738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers are an important cause of worldwide mortality. The interstitium consists of solid and fluid phases, situated between the blood vessels and cells. The interstitial fluid (IF), or fluid phase, is an extracellular fluid bathing and surrounding the tissue cells. The TIF (tumor interstitial fluid) is a dynamic fluid rich in lipids, proteins and enzyme-derived substances. The molecules found in the IF may be associated with pathological changes in tissues leading to cancer growth and metastatization. Proteomic techniques have allowed an extensive study of the composition of the TIF as a source of biomarkers for gynecologic cancers. In our review, we analyze the composition of the TIF, its formation process, the sampling methods, the consequences of its accumulation and the proteomic analyses performed, that make TIF valuable for monitoring different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blendi Ura
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Di Lorenzo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Federico Romano
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Mirenda
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Federica Scrimin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137 Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
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Superhydrophobic lab-on-chip measures secretome protonation state and provides a personalized risk assessment of sporadic tumour. NPJ Precis Oncol 2018; 2:26. [PMID: 30480095 PMCID: PMC6242957 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-018-0069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretome of primary cultures is an accessible source of biological markers compared to more complex and less decipherable mixtures such as serum or plasma. The protonation state (PS) of secretome reflects the metabolism of cells and can be used for cancer early detection. Here, we demonstrate a superhydrophobic organic electrochemical device that measures PS in a drop of secretome derived from liquid biopsies. Using data from the sensor and principal component analysis (PCA), we developed algorithms able to efficiently discriminate tumour patients from non-tumour patients. We then validated the results using mass spectrometry and biochemical analysis of samples. For the 36 patients across three independent cohorts, the method identified tumour patients with high sensitivity and identification as high as 100% (no false positives) with declared subjects at-risk, for sporadic cancer onset, by intermediate values of PS. This assay could impact on cancer risk management, individual’s diagnosis and/or help clarify risk in healthy populations. A blood test that measures whether molecules secreted by cells contain titratable proton atoms can accurately discriminate between patients who have cancer and those who don’t. Titratable species may in turn influence the protonation state of a solution, i.e. the number of protons added to and the net charge of that solution. A team led by Natalia Malara from University Magna Graecia in Catanzaro, Italy and Enzo Di Fabrizio
from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, Francesco Gentile from the University Federico II in Naples, Italy, and Nicola Coppedè from the Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism in Parma, Italy, created an eletrochemical device that can detect faulty metabolism by quantifying the proportion of secreted proteins with and without extra protons—an indicator of abnormal cell division, proliferation and invasion. The researchers tested the device on blood samples from patients with solid tumors and healthy controls. The method identified cancer patients with a high degree of accuracy. If the findings are confirmed in larger trials, the test could help with the screening, diagnosis and management of cancer.
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Fernandes C, Suares D, Yergeri MC. Tumor Microenvironment Targeted Nanotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1230. [PMID: 30429787 PMCID: PMC6220447 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in nanotechnology have brought new approaches to cancer diagnosis and therapy. While enhanced permeability and retention effect promotes nano-chemotherapeutics extravasation, the abnormal tumor vasculature, high interstitial pressure and dense stroma structure limit homogeneous intratumoral distribution of nano-chemotherapeutics and compromise their imaging and therapeutic effect. Moreover, heterogeneous distribution of nano-chemotherapeutics in non-tumor-stroma cells damages the non-tumor cells, and interferes with tumor-stroma crosstalk. This can lead not only to inhibition of tumor progression, but can also paradoxically induce acquired resistance and facilitate tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Overall, the tumor microenvironment plays a vital role in regulating nano-chemotherapeutics distribution and their biological effects. In this review, the barriers in tumor microenvironment, its consequential effects on nano-chemotherapeutics, considerations to improve nano-chemotherapeutics delivery and combinatory strategies to overcome acquired resistance induced by tumor microenvironment have been summarized. The various strategies viz., nanotechnology based approach as well as ligand-mediated, redox-responsive, and enzyme-mediated based combinatorial nanoapproaches have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mayur C Yergeri
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies - NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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Halvorsen AR, Sandhu V, Sprauten M, Flote VG, Kure EH, Brustugun OT, Helland Å. Circulating microRNAs associated with prolonged overall survival in lung cancer patients treated with nivolumab. Acta Oncol 2018; 57:1225-1231. [PMID: 29683761 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2018.1465585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of immune check-point inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy represents improved prospects for the patients. The response rates to check-point inhibitors are approximately 20% in unselected NSCLC patients. Increasing levels of tumor PD-L1 expression are associated with higher response rates. However, patients with low PD-L1 levels may also have durable responses, and improved strategies for patient stratification are needed. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we investigated circulating microRNAs aiming to identify circulating predictive biomarkers associated with increased overall survival after immune check-point treatment. Using next generation sequencing, we performed microRNA profiling in serum from NSCLC patients (n = 20) treated with nivolumab. Serum samples from 31 patients were used for validation using qPCR assays. Serum samples were collected prior to immune therapy initiation. RESULTS Based on multivariate regression analysis, we identified a signature of seven microRNAs (miR-215-5p, miR-411-3p, miR-493-5p, miR-494-3p, miR-495-3p, miR-548j-5p and miR-93-3p) significantly associated with overall survival (OS) > 6 months in discovery cohort (p = .0003). We further validated this in another similar set of samples (n = 31) and the model was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) > 6 months (p = .001) with sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 90%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this study of circulating microRNAs, we have identified a 7-miR signature associated with survival in nivolumab-treated NSCLC patients. This signature may lead to better treatment options for patients with NSCLC, but a validation in an independent cohort is needed to confirm the predicted potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Rita Halvorsen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vandana Sandhu
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Sprauten
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar G. Flote
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin H. Kure
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Odd Terje Brustugun
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Oncology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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