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Saorin A, Saorin G, Duzagac F, Parisse P, Cao N, Corona G, Cavarzerani E, Rizzolio F. Microfluidic production of amiodarone loaded nanoparticles and application in drug repositioning in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6280. [PMID: 38491077 PMCID: PMC10943008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Amiodarone repositioning in cancer treatment is promising, however toxicity limits seem to arise, constraining its exploitability. Notably, amiodarone has been investigated for the treatment of ovarian cancer, a tumour known for metastasizing within the peritoneal cavity. This is associated with an increase of fatty acid oxidation, which strongly depends on CPT1A, a transport protein which has been found overexpressed in ovarian cancer. Amiodarone is an inhibitor of CPT1A but its role still has to be explored. Therefore, in the present study, amiodarone was tested on ovarian cancer cell lines with a focus on lipid alteration, confirming its activity. Moreover, considering that drug delivery systems could lower drug side effects, microfluidics was employed for the development of drug delivery systems of amiodarone obtaining simultaneously liposomes with a high payload and amiodarone particles. Prior to amiodarone loading, microfluidics production was optimized in term of temperature and flow rate ratio. Moreover, stability over time of particles was evaluated. In vitro tests confirmed the efficacy of the drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia Saorin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Gloria Saorin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Fahriye Duzagac
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pietro Parisse
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Area Science Park, s.s. 14 Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ni Cao
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corona
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Enrico Cavarzerani
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy.
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2
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Tavares V, Marques IS, Melo IGD, Assis J, Pereira D, Medeiros R. Paradigm Shift: A Comprehensive Review of Ovarian Cancer Management in an Era of Advancements. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1845. [PMID: 38339123 PMCID: PMC10856127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the female genital malignancy with the highest lethality. Patients present a poor prognosis mainly due to the late clinical presentation allied with the common acquisition of chemoresistance and a high rate of tumour recurrence. Effective screening, accurate diagnosis, and personalised multidisciplinary treatments are crucial for improving patients' survival and quality of life. This comprehensive narrative review aims to describe the current knowledge on the aetiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of OC, highlighting the latest significant advancements and future directions. Traditionally, OC treatment involves the combination of cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. Although more therapeutical approaches have been developed, the lack of established predictive biomarkers to guide disease management has led to only marginal improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) while patients face an increasing level of toxicity. Fortunately, because of a better overall understanding of ovarian tumourigenesis and advancements in the disease's (epi)genetic and molecular profiling, a paradigm shift has emerged with the identification of new disease biomarkers and the proposal of targeted therapeutic approaches to postpone disease recurrence and decrease side effects, while increasing patients' survival. Despite this progress, several challenges in disease management, including disease heterogeneity and drug resistance, still need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Tavares
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Soares Marques
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Guerra de Melo
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Assis
- Clinical Research Unit, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Pereira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
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3
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Avădănei ER, Căruntu ID, Amalinei C, Păvăleanu I, Giușcă SE, Rusu A, Lozneanu L. Significance of the Galectin-8 Immunohistochemical Profile in Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:303. [PMID: 38397905 PMCID: PMC10887174 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) still registers a high prevalence in female gynecological pathology. Given the aggressiveness of the tumor and the lack of response to conventional therapies, a current research interest is the identification of new prognostic markers. Gal-8, a member of the galectin family of molecules, involved in tumorigenesis, disease progression, and metastasis, has been assigned as a valuable tumor prognostic factor, and its inhibition may open new perspectives in cancer therapeutic management. Few studies have been carried out so far to evaluate OCs' galectin profiles. Our study aimed to characterize the Gal-8 profile in different types of ovarian neoplasia and to demonstrate its prognostic value. Our study group comprised 46 cases of OCs that were histologically and immunohistochemically investigated, introduced to Gal-8 immunoreactivity, qualitatively and semi-quantitatively evaluated, and correlated with clinicopathological characteristics. Gal-8 immunoexpression was identified in tumor epithelial cells, showing a dominant nuclear labeling, followed by cytoplasmic and mixed, nuclear, and cytoplasmic labeling. Significant differences between tumor histotypes were found in the statistical analysis between low and high Gal-8 immunoscore levels and clinicopathological features: HGSC (eng.= high-grade serous carcinoma) vs. LGSC (eng. = low-grade serous carcinoma), pathogenic types (type I vs. type II), and tumor grades. Our results reflect Gal-8 expression variability depending on the histological type and subtype, the progression stages, and the degree of differentiation of ovarian tumors, supporting its value as a prognostic factor. Our findings open perspectives for larger studies to validate our results, along with a potential Gal-8 transformation into a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Roxana Avădănei
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I—Histology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (E.-R.A.); (I.-D.C.); (S.-E.G.); (A.R.); (L.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Infectious Diseases “Saint Parascheva” Clinical Hospital, 700116 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Draga Căruntu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I—Histology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (E.-R.A.); (I.-D.C.); (S.-E.G.); (A.R.); (L.L.)
- Department of Pathology, “Dr. C. I. Parhon” Clinical Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cornelia Amalinei
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I—Histology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (E.-R.A.); (I.-D.C.); (S.-E.G.); (A.R.); (L.L.)
- Department of Histopathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, 700455 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Păvăleanu
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Simona-Eliza Giușcă
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I—Histology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (E.-R.A.); (I.-D.C.); (S.-E.G.); (A.R.); (L.L.)
- Department of Pathology, “Dr. C. I. Parhon” Clinical Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Rusu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I—Histology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (E.-R.A.); (I.-D.C.); (S.-E.G.); (A.R.); (L.L.)
| | - Ludmila Lozneanu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I—Histology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (E.-R.A.); (I.-D.C.); (S.-E.G.); (A.R.); (L.L.)
- Department of Pathology, “Saint Spiridon” Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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Mehrotra M, Phadte P, Shenoy P, Chakraborty S, Gupta S, Ray P. Drug-Resistant Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Current and Future Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1452:65-96. [PMID: 38805125 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58311-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a complex disease with diverse histological subtypes, which, based on the aggressiveness and course of disease progression, have recently been broadly grouped into type I (low-grade serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous) and type II (high-grade serous, high-grade endometrioid, and undifferentiated carcinomas) categories. Despite substantial differences in pathogenesis, genetics, prognosis, and treatment response, clinical diagnosis and management of EOC remain similar across the subtypes. Debulking surgery combined with platinum-taxol-based chemotherapy serves as the initial treatment for High Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (HGSOC), the most prevalent one, and for other subtypes, but most patients exhibit intrinsic or acquired resistance and recur in short duration. Targeted therapies, such as anti-angiogenics (e.g., bevacizumab) and PARP inhibitors (for BRCA-mutated cancers), offer some success, but therapy resistance, through various mechanisms, poses a significant challenge. This comprehensive chapter delves into emerging strategies to address these challenges, highlighting factors like aberrant miRNAs, metabolism, apoptosis evasion, cancer stem cells, and autophagy, which play pivotal roles in mediating resistance and disease relapse in EOC. Beyond standard treatments, the focus of this study extends to alternate targeted agents, including immunotherapies like checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T cells, and vaccines, as well as inhibitors targeting key oncogenic pathways in EOC. Additionally, this chapter covers disease classification, diagnosis, resistance pathways, standard treatments, and clinical data on various emerging approaches, and advocates for a nuanced and personalized approach tailored to individual subtypes and resistance mechanisms, aiming to enhance therapeutic outcomes across the spectrum of EOC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Mehrotra
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Pratham Phadte
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Priti Shenoy
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sourav Chakraborty
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Pritha Ray
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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Wei M, Feng G, Wang X, Jia J, Zhang Y, Dai Y, Qin C, Bai G, Chen S. Deep Learning Radiomics Nomogram Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Differentiating Type I/II Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Acad Radiol 2023:S1076-6332(23)00401-4. [PMID: 37643927 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To develop and validate a T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based deep learning radiomics nomogram (DLRN) to differentiate between type I and type II epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This multicenter study incorporated 437 patients from five centers, divided into training (n = 271), internal validation (n = 68), and external validation (n = 98) sets. The deep learning (DL) model was constructed using the largest orthogonal slices of the tumor area. The extracted radiomics features were employed in building the radiomics model. The clinical model was developed based on clinical characteristics. A DLRN was built by integrating the DL signature, radiomics signature, and independent clinical predictors. Model performances were evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, Brier score, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) were compared using the DeLong test. A two-tailed P < 0.05 was considered significantly different. RESULTS The DLRN exhibited satisfactory discrimination between type I and type II EOC with the AUC of 0.888 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.810, 0.966) and 0.866 (95% CI 0.786, 0.946) in the internal and external validation sets, respectively. These AUCs significantly exceeded those of the clinical model (P = 0.013 and 0.043, in the internal and external validation sets, respectively). The DLRN demonstrated optimal classification accuracy and clinical application value, according to Brier scores, calibration curves, and DCA. CONCLUSION A T2-weighted MRI-based DLRN showed promising potential in differentiating between type I and type II EOC, which could offer assistance in clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiang Wei
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (M.W., X.W., S.C.)
| | - Guannan Feng
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (G.F.)
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (M.W., X.W., S.C.)
| | - Jianye Jia
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China (J.J., G.B.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Yao Dai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (Y.D.)
| | - Cai Qin
- Department of Radiology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (C.Q.)
| | - Genji Bai
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China (J.J., G.B.)
| | - Shuangqing Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (M.W., X.W., S.C.).
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Detection and Genotyping of Human Papillomavirus (HPV16/18), Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV), and Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in Endometrial Endometroid and Ovarian Cancers. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030397. [PMID: 36986319 PMCID: PMC10053580 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV16/18), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections and the occurrence of ovarian cancer in 48 women, of whom 36 underwent surgery and chemotherapy (group A), 12 in whom surgery was sufficient (group B), and 60 with endometroid endometrial cancer stage G1-G3 (group C), compared to patients in whom the uterus and its appendages were removed for nononcological reasons (control group). The detection of HPV, EBV, and HCMV in tumor tissue and normal tissue was performed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. A statistically significantly higher risk of endometrial cancer was noted in patients infected only with HCMV (OR > 1; p < 0.05). In contrast, a significantly higher risk of ovarian cancer in group A was associated with HPV16, HPV18, and EBV (OR > 1; p < 0.05); a significantly higher risk of ovarian cancer in group B was associated with HPV18 and HMCV (OR > 1; p < 0.05). The obtained results suggest that HCMV infection is associated with the development of a stage of ovarian cancer when treatment can be completed with surgery alone. Meanwhile, EBV appears to be responsible for the development of ovarian cancer in more advanced stages.
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Vaicekauskaitė I, Sabaliauskaitė R, Lazutka JR, Jarmalaitė S. The Emerging Role of Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213670. [PMID: 36430148 PMCID: PMC9697406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth leading cause of women's death from cancers. The high mortality rate is attributed to the late presence of the disease and the lack of modern diagnostic tools, including molecular biomarkers. Moreover, OC is a highly heterogeneous disease, which contributes to early treatment failure. Thus, exploring OC molecular mechanisms could significantly enhance our understanding of the disease and provide new treatment options. Chromatin remodeling complexes (CRCs) are ATP-dependent molecular machines responsible for chromatin reorganization and involved in many DNA-related processes, including transcriptional regulation, replication, and reparation. Dysregulation of chromatin remodeling machinery may be related to cancer development and chemoresistance in OC. Some forms of OC and other gynecologic diseases have been associated with mutations in specific CRC genes. Most notably, ARID1A in endometriosis-related OC, SMARCA4, and SMARCB1 in hypercalcemic type small cell ovarian carcinoma (SCCOHT), ACTL6A, CHRAC1, RSF1 amplification in high-grade serous OC. Here we review the available literature on CRCs' involvement in OC to improve our understanding of its development and investigate CRCs as possible biomarkers and treatment targets for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Vaicekauskaitė
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostic, National Cancer Institute, Santariškių 1, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Sabaliauskaitė
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostic, National Cancer Institute, Santariškių 1, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Rimantas Lazutka
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sonata Jarmalaitė
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Santariškių 1, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
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Colic E, Patel PU, Kent OA. Aberrant MAPK Signaling Offers Therapeutic Potential for Treatment of Ovarian Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1331-1346. [PMID: 36388156 PMCID: PMC9645123 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s361512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide due to lack of effective screening, vague early symptoms, poor description of biomarkers, and absence of effective treatment regimes. Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is categorized into five distinct disease subtypes which collectively account for ~90% of ovarian carcinomas. Most women present at advanced stages contributing to a poor overall 5-year survival rate. Standard treatment for EOC is cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy; however, most patients suffer from recurrence and platinum-resistant disease, which highlights an urgent need for targeted therapy. The high frequency of molecular alterations affecting gain-of-function signaling through the RAS mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in EOC has prompted pre-clinical and clinical efforts toward research into the effectiveness of MAPK pathway inhibition as a second-line treatment. The RAS/MAPK pathway is a highly conserved signal transduction cascade, often disrupted in cancer, that regulates tumorigenic phenotypes including cellular proliferation, survival, migration, apoptosis, and differentiation. Herein, the role of the MAPK pathway in EOC with emphasis on targetability of the pathway is described. Pre-clinical and clinical efforts to target MAPK signaling in EOC have identified several MAPK pathway inhibitors that offer efficacious potential for monotherapy and in combination with other compounds. Thus, inhibition of the RAS/MAPK pathway is emerging as a tractable strategy for treatment of ovarian cancer that may permit development of personalized therapy and improved prognosis for women challenged by this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Colic
- Department of Pharmacology, adMare BioInnovations, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Preya U Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, adMare BioInnovations, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Oliver A Kent
- Department of Pharmacology, adMare BioInnovations, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Bisht D, Arora A, Sachan M. Role of DNA De-methylation intermediate '5-hydroxymethylcytosine' in ovarian cancer management: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113674. [PMID: 36099791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most eminent silent killer, with high morbidity and mortality among all gynaecological cancers. The advanced-stage patient's diagnosis has a low survival rate caused by its asymptomatic progression and diverse histopathological sub-types, wherefore in poor prognosis and highly recurring malignancy with multidrug resistance towards chemotherapy. Epigenetic biomarkers open promising avenues of intriguing research to combat OC malignancy, furthermore a tool for its early diagnosis. 5-hydroxymethycytosine (5-hmC), alias the sixth base of the genome, is an intermediate formed during the recently established DNA demethylation process and catalysed via ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of enzymes. It plays a significant role in regulating gene expression and has sparked interest in various cancer types. This review summarizes the role of active DNA demethylation process, its enzymes and intermediate 5-hmC in epigenetic landscape of ovarian cancer as a potent biomarker for clinical translation in identification of therapeutic targets, diagnostic and prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bisht
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arisha Arora
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039 Assam, India
| | - Manisha Sachan
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Effect of ovulation IGF and HGF signaling on the oncogenesis of murine epithelial ovarian cancer cell ID8. Exp Cell Res 2022; 419:113323. [PMID: 36030968 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are increasing in Taiwan and worldwide. The prognosis of this disease has improved little in the last few decades due to insufficient knowledge of the etiology. Previous studies on the role of ovulation in the development of EOC have unveiled IGF2, HGF, and other carcinogens in ovulatory follicular fluid (FF) that exert transformation activities on the exposed fallopian tube fimbria epithelium. However, an orthotopic proof in an animal model is lacking. By using the murine ID8 EOC cells and the syngenic transplantation model, this study explored the effect of FF on the oncogenesis of mouse ovarian cancer. We found FF promoted clonogenicity and anchorage-independent growth of ID8 cells, largely through the IGF-1R and cMET signaling. In contrast, FF modestly promoted cell proliferation independent of the two signals and did not affect cell migration and invasion. Transplantation of ID8 cells into the ovarian bursa of C57BL6/J mice orthotopically grew ovarian tumors and metastasized to the peritoneum with ascites formation. The tumorigenic rate and severity of the disease were positively correlated with the level of IGF-1R and cMET receptors on the cell surface. Our data demonstrated that ovulation, through the signaling of IGF/IGF-1R and HGF/cMET, promotes oncogenic phenotypes in a murine EOC model. The results provide further proof of the carcinogenic effect of ovulation in the development of EOC.
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Multiomics characterization implicates PTK7 in ovarian cancer EMT and cell plasticity and offers strategies for therapeutic intervention. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:714. [PMID: 35977930 PMCID: PMC9386025 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Most patients with ovarian cancer (OC) are diagnosed at a late stage when there are very few therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. This is due to the lack of clearly defined underlying mechanisms or an oncogenic addiction that can be targeted pharmacologically, unlike other types of cancer. Here, we identified protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) as a potential new therapeutic target in OC following a multiomics approach using genetic and pharmacological interventions. We performed proteomics analyses upon PTK7 knockdown in OC cells and identified novel downstream effectors such as synuclein-γ (SNCG), SALL2, and PP1γ, and these findings were corroborated in ex vivo primary samples using PTK7 monoclonal antibody cofetuzumab. Our phosphoproteomics analyses demonstrated that PTK7 modulates cell adhesion and Rho-GTPase signaling to sustain epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell plasticity, which was confirmed by high-content image analysis of 3D models. Furthermore, using high-throughput drug sensitivity testing (525 drugs) we show that targeting PTK7 exhibited synergistic activity with chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel, CHK1/2 inhibitor prexasertib, and PLK1 inhibitor GSK461364, among others, in OC cells and ex vivo primary samples. Taken together, our study provides unique insight into the function of PTK7, which helps to define its role in mediating aberrant Wnt signaling in ovarian cancer.
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12
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Pavlič R, Gjorgoska M, Rižner TL. Model Cell Lines and Tissues of Different HGSOC Subtypes Differ in Local Estrogen Biosynthesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112583. [PMID: 35681563 PMCID: PMC9179372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovarian cancer (OC) comprises a heterogeneous group of hormone-dependent diseases with very high mortality. Estrogens have been shown to promote the progression of OC; however, their exact role in OC subtypes remains unknown. Here, we investigated the local estrogen biosynthesis in OC. We performed targeted transcriptomics and estrogen metabolism analyses in high-grade serous OC (HGSOC) cell lines that differed in chemoresistance status and compared these data with publicly available transcriptome and proteome data for HGSOC tissues. In HGSOC cells, estrogen metabolism decreased with increasing chemoresistance. In highly chemoresistant cells and platinum-resistant HGSOC tissues, HSD17B14 expression was increased. Proteome data showed differential levels of HSD17B10, SULT1E1, CYP1B1, and NQO1 between the four HGSOC subtypes. Our results confirm that estrogen biosynthesis differs between different HGSOC cell models and possibly between different HGSOC subtypes. Such differentially expressed enzymes have potential as targets in the search of new treatment options. Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) is highly lethal and heterogeneous. Several hormones are involved in OC etiology including estrogens; however, their role in OC is not completely understood. Here, we performed targeted transcriptomics and estrogen metabolism analyses in high-grade serous OC (HGSOC), OVSAHO, Kuramochi, COV632, and immortalized normal ovarian epithelial HIO-80 cells. We compared these data with public transcriptome and proteome data for the HGSOC tissues. In all model systems, high steroid sulfatase expression and weak/undetected aromatase (CYP19A1) expression indicated the formation of estrogens from the precursor estrone-sulfate (E1-S). In OC cells, the metabolism of E1-S to estradiol was the highest in OVSAHO, followed by Kuramochi and COV362 cells, and decreased with increasing chemoresistance. In addition, higher HSD17B14 and CYP1A2 expressions were observed in highly chemoresistant COV362 cells and platinum-resistant tissues compared to those in HIO-80 cells and platinum-sensitive tissues. The HGSOC cell models differed in HSD17B10, CYP1B1, and NQO1 expression. Proteomic data also showed different levels of HSD17B10, CYP1B1, NQO1, and SULT1E1 between the four HGSOC subtypes. These results suggest that different HGSOC subtypes form different levels of estrogens and their metabolites and that the estrogen-biosynthesis-associated targets should be further studied for the development of personalized treatment.
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13
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Quesada S, Fabbro M, Solassol J. Toward More Comprehensive Homologous Recombination Deficiency Assays in Ovarian Cancer Part 2: Medical Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041098. [PMID: 35205846 PMCID: PMC8870335 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC—the most frequent and aggressive form of ovarian cancer) represents an important challenge for clinicians. Half of HGSOC cases exhibit homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), mainly through alterations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. This leads to sensitivity to PARP inhibitors, a novel class of breakthrough molecules that improved HGSOC prognoses. To date, three companion diagnostic assays have received FDA approval for the evaluation of HRD status, but their use remains controversial. In this companion review (Part 1: Technical considerations; Part 2: Medical perspectives), we develop an integrative perspective, from translational research to clinical application, that could help physicians and researchers manage HGSOC. Abstract High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most frequent and aggressive form of ovarian cancer, representing an important challenge for clinicians. Half of HGSOC cases have homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), which has specific causes (mainly alterations in BRCA1/2, but also other alterations encompassed by the BRCAness concept) and consequences, both at molecular (e.g., genomic instability) and clinical (e.g., sensitivity to PARP inhibitor) levels. Based on its prevalence and clinical impact, HRD status merits investigation. To date, three PARP inhibitors have received FDA/EMA approval. For some approvals, the presence of specific molecular alterations is required. Three companion diagnostic (CDx) assays based on distinct technical and medical considerations have received FDA approval to date. However, their use remains controversial due to their technical and medical limitations. In this companion and integrated review, we take a “bench-to-bedside” perspective on HRD definition and evaluation in the context of HGSOC. Part 1 of the review adopts a molecular perspective regarding technical considerations and the development of CDx. Part 2 focuses on the clinical impact of HRD evaluation, primarily through currently validated CDx and prescription of PARP inhibitors, outlining achievements, limitations and medical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Quesada
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Michel Fabbro
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France;
- Montpellier Research Cancer Institute (IRCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1194, University of Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Solassol
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France;
- Montpellier Research Cancer Institute (IRCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1194, University of Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
- Department of Pathology and Onco-Biology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
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14
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Youssef A, Haskali MB, Gorringe KL. The Protein Landscape of Mucinous Ovarian Cancer: Towards a Theranostic. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5596. [PMID: 34830751 PMCID: PMC8616050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
MOC is a rare histotype of epithelial ovarian cancer, and current management options are inadequate for the treatment of late stage or recurrent disease. A shift towards personalised medicines in ovarian cancer is being observed, with trials targeting specific molecular pathways, however, MOC lags due to its rarity. Theranostics is a rapidly evolving category of personalised medicine, encompassing both a diagnostic and therapeutic approach by recognising targets that are expressed highly in tumour tissue in order to deliver a therapeutic payload. The present review evaluates the protein landscape of MOC in recent immunohistochemical- and proteomic-based research, aiming to identify potential candidates for theranostic application. Fourteen proteins were selected based on cell membrane localisation: HER2, EGFR, FOLR1, RAC1, GPR158, CEACAM6, MUC16, PD-L1, NHE1, CEACAM5, MUC1, ACE2, GP2, and PTPRH. Optimal proteins to target using theranostic agents must exhibit high membrane expression on cancerous tissue with low expression on healthy tissue to afford improved disease outcomes with minimal off-target effects and toxicities. We provide guidelines to consider in the selection of a theranostic target for MOC and suggest future directions in evaluating the results of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkan Youssef
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Mohammad B. Haskali
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Kylie L. Gorringe
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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15
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Ekmann-Gade AW, Høgdall CK, Seibæk L, Noer MC, Fagö-Olsen CL, Schnack TH. Incidence, treatment, and survival trends in older versus younger women with epithelial ovarian cancer from 2005 to 2018: A nationwide Danish study. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 164:120-128. [PMID: 34716025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine clinical trends in Denmark for younger and older epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients, focusing on incidence, treatment, and survival changes. METHODS We included a nationwide cohort diagnosed with EOC from 2005 to 2018. We described age-standardized incidence, surgical patterns, residual disease trends, and cancer-specific survival stratified by age (<70 and ≥ 70 years), stage, and period (2005-09, 2010-13, 2014-18). RESULTS We included 7522 patients. The incidence decreased from 16.3 (2005) to 11.4 (2018) per 100,000 woman-years, driven by the younger cohort. While the proportion of patients with stage IIIC-IV disease undergoing primary debulking surgery (PDS) decreased, the proportion of patients having interval debulking surgery (IDS) and no debulking surgery increased significantly. In 2014-18, 36% and 24% had PDS for younger and older patients, respectively, compared to 72% and 62% in 2005-09. In both age cohorts, the proportion of patients debulked to no residual disease increased significantly among patients with stage IIIC-IV and in the total cohort. Two-year cancer-specific survival increased from 75% (2005-09) to 84% (2014-18) for younger patients and from 53% to 66% for older patients. After adjusting for potential confounders, age ≥ 70 was associated with a 1.4-fold increased risk of cancer-specific death (95% confidence interval: 1.2,1.5). CONCLUSIONS The proportion of patients with advanced EOC not undergoing PDS or IDS increased significantly. During the same period, patients debulked to no residual disease, and cancer-specific survival increased. However, a survival gap in favor of the younger patients remains after adjusting for potential confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lene Seibæk
- Department of Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Calundann Noer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | | | - Tine Henrichsen Schnack
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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16
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Ravegnini G, De Iaco P, Gorini F, Dondi G, Klooster I, De Crescenzo E, Bovicelli A, Hrelia P, Perrone AM, Angelini S. Role of Circulating miRNAs in Therapeutic Response in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Revision. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101316. [PMID: 34680433 PMCID: PMC8533254 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, mostly due to nonspecific symptoms and a lack of screening tests, which, taken together, contribute to delayed diagnosis and treatment. The current clinical biomarker is serum CA-125, which allows the identification of most advanced primary and relapsed disease and correlates with disease burden; however, as well highlighted in the literature, CA-125 often lacks sensitivity and specificity, and is not helpful in monitoring chemotherapeutic response or in predicting the risk of relapse. Given that, the identification of novel biomarkers able to foster more precise medical approaches and the personalization of patient management represents an unmet clinical requirement. In this context, circulating miRNAs may represent an interesting opportunity as they can be easily detected in all biological fluids. This is particularly relevant when looking for non-invasive approaches that can be repeated over time, with no pain and stress for the oncological patient. Given that, the present review aims to describe the circulating miRNAs currently identified as associated with therapeutic treatments in OC and presents a complete overview of the available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (P.H.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pierandrea De Iaco
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.D.I.); (G.D.); (E.D.C.); (A.B.); (A.M.P.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (P.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Giulia Dondi
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.D.I.); (G.D.); (E.D.C.); (A.B.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Isabella Klooster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Eugenia De Crescenzo
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.D.I.); (G.D.); (E.D.C.); (A.B.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Alessandro Bovicelli
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.D.I.); (G.D.); (E.D.C.); (A.B.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (P.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Anna Myriam Perrone
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.D.I.); (G.D.); (E.D.C.); (A.B.); (A.M.P.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (P.H.); (S.A.)
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Barnes BM, Nelson L, Tighe A, Burghel GJ, Lin IH, Desai S, McGrail JC, Morgan RD, Taylor SS. Distinct transcriptional programs stratify ovarian cancer cell lines into the five major histological subtypes. Genome Med 2021; 13:140. [PMID: 34470661 PMCID: PMC8408985 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is a heterogenous disease consisting of five major histologically distinct subtypes: high-grade serous (HGSOC), low-grade serous (LGSOC), endometrioid (ENOC), clear cell (CCOC) and mucinous (MOC). Although HGSOC is the most prevalent subtype, representing 70-80% of cases, a 2013 landmark study by Domcke et al. found that the most frequently used OC cell lines are not molecularly representative of this subtype. This raises the question, if not HGSOC, from which subtype do these cell lines derive? Indeed, non-HGSOC subtypes often respond poorly to chemotherapy; therefore, representative models are imperative for developing new targeted therapeutics. METHODS Non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) was applied to transcriptomic data from 44 OC cell lines in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, assessing the quality of clustering into 2-10 groups. Epithelial OC subtypes were assigned to cell lines optimally clustered into five transcriptionally distinct classes, confirmed by integration with subtype-specific mutations. A transcriptional subtype classifier was then developed by trialling three machine learning algorithms using subtype-specific metagenes defined by NMF. The ability of classifiers to predict subtype was tested using RNA sequencing of a living biobank of patient-derived OC models. RESULTS Application of NMF optimally clustered the 44 cell lines into five transcriptionally distinct groups. Close inspection of orthogonal datasets revealed this five-cluster delineation corresponds to the five major OC subtypes. This NMF-based classification validates the Domcke et al. analysis, in identifying lines most representative of HGSOC, and additionally identifies models representing the four other subtypes. However, NMF of the cell lines into two clusters did not align with the dualistic model of OC and suggests this classification is an oversimplification. Subtype designation of patient-derived models by a random forest transcriptional classifier aligned with prior diagnosis in 76% of unambiguous cases. In cases where there was disagreement, this often indicated potential alternative diagnosis, supported by a review of histological, molecular and clinical features. CONCLUSIONS This robust classification informs the selection of the most appropriate models for all five histotypes. Following further refinement on larger training cohorts, the transcriptional classification may represent a useful tool to support the classification of new model systems of OC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M Barnes
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Louisa Nelson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Anthony Tighe
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - George J Burghel
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - I-Hsuan Lin
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sudha Desai
- Department of Histopathology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Joanne C McGrail
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Robert D Morgan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Stephen S Taylor
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK.
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18
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Fang S, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Liu Q, Li X, Yu T. NTNG1 Modulates Cisplatin Resistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells via the GAS6/AXL/Akt Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652325. [PMID: 34277602 PMCID: PMC8281315 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin resistance is a challenge in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Here, clinical data showed that the level of netrin-G1 (NTNG1) in cisplatin-resistant cancer was higher than that in cisplatin-sensitive cancer (2.2-fold, p = 0.005); patients with a high NTNG1 level in cancer tissues had shorter progression-free survival (11.0 vs. 25.0 months, p = 0.010) and platinum-free interval (5.0 vs. 20.0 months, p = 0.021) compared with patients with a low level. Category- or stage-adjusted analyses demonstrated that the association between the NTNG1 level and prognosis occurred in type II or FIGO III/IV cancer. The basal level of NTNG1 in SKOV3/DDP cells (a cisplatin-resistant subline) was higher than that in SKOV3 cells; therefore, NTNG1 was overexpressed in SKOV3 cells, or silenced in SKOV3/DDP cells. Knocking in NTNG1 reduced the action of cisplatin to decrease cell death and apoptosis of SKOV3 cells, accompanied by upregulation of p-AXL, p-Akt and RAD51; however, opposite effects were observed in SKOV3/DDP cells after knocking down NTNG1. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that NTNG1 bound GAS6/AXL. Silencing NTNG1 enhanced cisplatin effects in vivo, decreasing tumor volume/mass. These data suggested that a high NTNG1 level can result in cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells via the GAS6/AXL/Akt pathway and that NTNG1 may be a useful target to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyu Fang
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Houmei Wang
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianfen Liu
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinya Li
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tinghe Yu
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Mechanisms of High-Grade Serous Carcinogenesis in the Fallopian Tube and Ovary: Current Hypotheses, Etiologic Factors, and Molecular Alterations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094409. [PMID: 33922503 PMCID: PMC8122889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases. They include fallopian-tube-epithelium (FTE)-derived and ovarian-surface-epithelium (OSE)-derived tumors. The risk/protective factors suggest that the etiology of HGSCs is multifactorial. Inflammation caused by ovulation and retrograde bleeding may play a major role. HGSCs are among the most genetically altered cancers, and TP53 mutations are ubiquitous. Key driving events other than TP53 mutations include homologous recombination (HR) deficiency, such as BRCA 1/2 dysfunction, and activation of the CCNE1 pathway. HR deficiency and the CCNE1 amplification appear to be mutually exclusive. Intratumor heterogeneity resulting from genomic instability can be observed at the early stage of tumorigenesis. In this review, I discuss current carcinogenic hypotheses, sites of origin, etiologic factors, and molecular alterations of HGSCs.
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20
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Abreu S, Silva F, Mendes R, Mendes TF, Teixeira M, Santo VE, Boghaert ER, Félix A, Brito C. Patient-derived ovarian cancer explants: preserved viability and histopathological features in long-term agitation-based cultures. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19462. [PMID: 33173111 PMCID: PMC7655823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma (OvC) remains a major therapeutic challenge due to its propensity to develop resistance after an initial response to chemotherapy. Interactions of tumour cells with the surrounding microenvironment play a role in tumour survival, invasion capacity and drug resistance. Cancer models that retain tissue architecture and tumour microenvironment components are therefore essential to understand drug response and resistance mechanisms. Herein, our goal was to develop a long-term OvC patient-derived explant (OvC-PDE) culture strategy in which architecture and cell type heterogeneity of the original tumour would be retained. Samples from 25 patients with distinct OvC types and one with a benign tumour, were cultured for 30 days in agitation-based culture systems with 100% success rate. OvC-PDE cultures retained the original tumour architecture and main cellular components: epithelial cells, fibroblasts and immune cells. Epithelial cells kept their original levels of proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, the major extracellular components, such as collagen-I and -IV, were retained in explants. OvC-PDE cultures were exposed to standard-of-care chemotherapeutics agents for 2 weeks, attesting the ability of the platform for drug assays employing cyclic drug exposure regimens. We established an OvC-PDE dynamic culture in which tumour architecture and cell type heterogeneity were preserved for the different OvC types, replicating features of the original tumour and compatible with long-term drug exposure for drug efficacy and resistance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Abreu
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Silva
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, CEDOC-FCM-NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, R. Câmara Pestana 6, 1150-078, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Mendes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Teresa F Mendes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta Teixeira
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Vítor E Santo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Erwin R Boghaert
- AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064-6098, USA
| | - Ana Félix
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, CEDOC-FCM-NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, R. Câmara Pestana 6, 1150-078, Lisbon, Portugal
- IPOLFG, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, R. Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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21
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Adachi M, Masugi Y, Yamazaki K, Emoto K, Kobayashi Y, Tominaga E, Banno K, Aoki D, Sakamoto M. Upregulation of cyclase-associated actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein 2 in epithelial ovarian cancer correlates with aggressive histologic types and worse outcomes. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:643-652. [PMID: 32211793 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cyclase-associated actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein 2 (CAP2) regulates actin dynamics to control cell cycles and cell migration. CAP2 overexpression contributes to cancer progression in several tumor types; however, the role of CAP2 expression in ovarian cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the significance of CAP2 expression in epithelial ovarian tumor. METHODS We evaluated CAP2 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunocytochemistry and examined the effect of CAP2 silencing in migration and proliferation assays. CAP2 immunohistochemistry was conducted using tissue specimens from 432 ovarian carcinoma patients; a further 55 borderline and benign 65 lesions were analyzed. CAP2 expression levels were defined as low, intermediate or high, for correlation analysis with clinicopathological factors. RESULTS CAP2 expression was significantly higher in cell lines from Type II ovarian cancer than in those in Type I, and knockdown of CAP2 showed decreased migration and proliferation. Higher levels of CAP2 expression in human tissues were associated with Type II histology, residual lesion, lymph node metastasis, ascites cytology and higher clinical stage. High CAP2 expression levels were observed in 26 (23.4%) of 111 Type II ovarian cancers and in 16 (5.0%) of 321 Type I cancers but not in any borderline or benign lesions. Multivariate analyses showed that CAP2 expression in ovarian cancer is an independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival (P = 0.019). CONCLUSION CAP2 expression is upregulated in aggressive histologic types of epithelial ovarian cancer and serves as a novel prognostic biomarker for patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Adachi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsura Emoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Tominaga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Banno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Huang CY, Chang WH, Huang HY, Guo CY, Chou YJ, Huang N, Lee WL, Wang PH. Subsequent Development of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer After Ovarian Surgery for Benign Ovarian Tumor: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Clin Epidemiol 2020; 12:637-649. [PMID: 32606989 PMCID: PMC7308129 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s199349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The goal of the current study is to determine the risk of subsequent development of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in women after ovarian surgery for benign ovarian tumors. Patients and Methods We conducted the nationwide population-based historic cohort study using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. Eleven thousand six hundred twenty women who underwent ovarian surgery for ovarian benign diseases were analyzed. The collected data included age, types of ovarian surgery, medical history by Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), infertility (yes/no), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (yes/no), tubal ligation (yes/no), total/subtotal hysterectomy (TH/STH) (yes/no), and endometrioma (yes/no). We used the Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-rank test to evaluate the risk factors. Cox proportional hazard methods were used to evaluate risk factors for the subsequent development of EOC. Multivariate analysis using Cox stepwise forward regression was conducted for the covariate selected in univariate analysis. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the Wald test. Results Subsequent EOC incidence rate (IR, incidence per 10,000 person-years) of women after ovarian surgery for benign ovarian tumors was 2.98. Separating into four groups based on different age, IR of EOC was 1.57 (<30 years), 4.71 (30-39 years), 3.59 (40-49 years) and 0.94 (≥50 years), respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified only high level of CCI (≥2 or more) as an independent risk factor for subsequent development of EOC in women after ovarian surgery for benign ovarian tumors (HR 59.17, 95% CI 7.50-466.80 in women with CCI level of 2 and HR 190.68, 95% CI 24.33-2494.19, in women with CCI level ≥3, respectively). Conclusion Our results, if confirmed, suggest that women with other comorbidities (CCI) should be well informed that they may have a higher risk of subsequent development of EOC when ovarian surgery is planned even though the final pathology showed a benign ovarian tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsun Chang
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Huang
- Biostatics Task Force, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Guo
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yiing-Jenq Chou
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nicole Huang
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Female Cancer Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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23
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Abstract
The current standard therapy of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the combination of surgery and multiagent chemotherapy with/without adding targeted therapy. After treatment, response rate is high and nearly all patients can achieve complete remission, even though they are advanced diseases; however, the majority of patients will relapse and subsequently die of diseases within several years after initial treatment. When treatment options are limited, there is the urgent need for new novel therapeutic approaches for precise cancer control. The development of chemoresistance and evading of the anticancer immune response may be one of the important causes contributing to the therapeutic failure, and therefore, it represents a paradigm shift in cancer research. An individual's immune response and interaction with EOC cells might be one of the key factors for cancer treatment. There are many interventions, including targeting certain type immunogenic EOC-associated antigens, immune checkpoint blockade, and adoptive cellular therapy, which present a profound opportunity to revolutionize EOC treatment. This review will encompass the interaction between EOC and immune system and highlight recent data regarding the research of immunotherapy in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Lee
- Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Nursing, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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24
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Wahab NA, Othman Z, Nasri NWM, Mokhtar MH, Ibrahim SF, Hamid AA, Raja Ali RA, Mokhtar NM. Inhibition of miR-141 and miR-200a Increase DLC-1 and ZEB2 Expression, Enhance Migration and Invasion in Metastatic Serous Ovarian Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082766. [PMID: 32316405 PMCID: PMC7215320 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of microRNA (miRNA) in ovarian cancer has been extensively studied as a regulator for its targeted genes. However, its specific role in metastatic serous ovarian cancer (SOC) is yet to be explored. This paper aims to investigate the differentially expressed miRNAs in metastatic SOC compared to normal. Locked nucleic acid PCR was performed to profile miRNA expression in 11 snap frozen metastatic SOC and 13 normal ovarian tissues. Functional analysis and regulation of their targeted genes were assessed in vitro. Forty-eight miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in metastatic SOC as compared to normal. MiR-19a is a novel miRNA to be upregulated in metastatic SOC compared to normal. DLC1 is possibly regulated by miR-141 in SOC. MiR-141 inhibition led to significantly reduced cell viability. Cell migration and invasion were significantly increased following miRNA inhibition. This study showed the aberrantly expressed miRNAs in metastatic SOC and the roles of miRNAs in the regulation of their targeted genes and ovarian carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhazlina Abdul Wahab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.A.W.); (Z.O.)
| | - Zahreena Othman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.A.W.); (Z.O.)
| | - Noor Wahidah Mohd Nasri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.A.W.); (Z.O.)
| | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.A.W.); (Z.O.)
| | - Siti Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.A.W.); (Z.O.)
| | - Adila A. Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.A.W.); (Z.O.)
| | - Raja Affendi Raja Ali
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Norfilza Mohd Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.A.W.); (Z.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-9145-8610
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25
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Pathak S, Wilczyński JR, Paradowska E. Factors in Oncogenesis: Viral Infections in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E561. [PMID: 32121320 PMCID: PMC7139377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women, with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) being the most lethal gynecologic malignancy among women. This high fatality rate is the result of diagnosis of a high number of new cases when cancer implants have already spread. The poor prognosis is due to our inadequate understanding of the molecular mechanisms preceding ovarian malignancy. Knowledge about the site of origination has been improved recently by the discovery of tube intraepithelial cancer (TIC), but the potential risk factors are still obscure. Due to high tumoral heterogeneity in OC, the establishment of early stage biomarkers is still underway. Microbial infection may induce or result in chronic inflammatory infection and in the pathogenesis of cancers. Microbiome research has shed light on the relationships between the host and microbiota, as well as the direct roles of host pathogens in cancer development, progression, and drug efficacy. While controversial, the detection of viruses within ovarian malignancies and fallopian tube tissues suggests that these pathogens may play a role in the development of OC. Genomic and proteomic approaches have enhanced the methods for identifying candidates in early screening. This article summarizes the existing knowledge related to the molecular mechanisms that lead to tumorigenesis in the ovary, as well as the viruses detected in OC cases and how they may elevate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Pathak
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jacek R. Wilczyński
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Edyta Paradowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
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26
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Garziera M, Roncato R, Montico M, De Mattia E, Gagno S, Poletto E, Scalone S, Canzonieri V, Giorda G, Sorio R, Cecchin E, Toffoli G. New Challenges in Tumor Mutation Heterogeneity in Advanced Ovarian Cancer by a Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Approach. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060584. [PMID: 31197119 PMCID: PMC6627128 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has advanced knowledge of the genomic landscape of ovarian cancer, leading to an innovative molecular classification of the disease. However, patient survival and response to platinum-based treatments are still not predictable based on the tumor genetic profile. This retrospective study characterized the repertoire of somatic mutations in advanced ovarian cancer to identify tumor genetic markers predictive of platinum chemo-resistance and prognosis. Using targeted NGS, 79 primary advanced (III-IV stage, tumor grade G2-3) ovarian cancer tumors, including 64 high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs), were screened with a 26 cancer-genes panel. Patients, enrolled between 1995 and 2011, underwent primary debulking surgery (PDS) with optimal residual disease (RD < 1 cm) and platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment. We found a heterogeneous mutational landscape in some uncommon ovarian histotypes and in HGSOC tumor samples with relevance in predicting platinum sensitivity. In particular, we identified a poor prognostic signature in patients with HGSOC harboring concurrent mutations in two driver actionable genes of the panel. The tumor heterogeneity described, sheds light on the translational potential of targeted NGS approach for the identification of subgroups of patients with distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities, that are modulated by the specific mutational profile expressed by the ovarian tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Garziera
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Rossana Roncato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Marcella Montico
- Scientific Directorate, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Elena De Mattia
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Sara Gagno
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Elena Poletto
- Medical Oncology, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, ASUIUD, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Simona Scalone
- Medical Oncology Unit C, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Giorda
- Gynecological Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Roberto Sorio
- Medical Oncology Unit C, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
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