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Kawasaki H, Hariyama T, Kosugi I, Meguro S, Iwata F, Shimizu K, Magata Y, Iwashita T. Human induced pluripotent stem cells are resistant to human cytomegalovirus infection primarily at the attachment level due to the reduced expression of cell-surface heparan sulfate. J Virol 2024; 98:e0127823. [PMID: 38345384 PMCID: PMC10949504 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01278-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a type of herpes virus, is the predominant cause of congenital anomalies due to intrauterine infections in humans. Adverse outcomes related to intrauterine infections with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) vary widely, depending on factors such as fetal infection timing, infection route, and viral virulence. The precise mechanism underlying HCMV susceptibility remains unclear. In this study, we compared the susceptibility of neonatal human dermal fibroblast cells (NHDFCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from NHDFCs, which are genetically identical to HCMV, using immunostaining, microarray, in situ hybridization, quantitative PCR, and scanning electron microscopy. These cells were previously used to compare CMV susceptibility, but the underlying mechanisms were not fully elucidated. HCMV susceptibility of hiPSCs was significantly lower in the earliest phase. No shared gene ontologies were observed immediately post-infection between the two cell types using microarray analysis. Early-stage expression of HCMV antigens and the HCMV genome was minimal in immunostaining and in in situ hybridization in hiPSCs. This strongly suggests that HCMV does not readily bind to hiPSC surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy performed using the NanoSuit method confirmed the scarcity of HCMV particles on hiPSC surfaces. The zeta potential and charge mapping of the charged surface in NHDFCs and hiPSCs exhibited minimal differences when assessed using zeta potential analyzer and scanning ion conductance microscopy; however, the expression of heparan sulfate (HS) was significantly lower in hiPSCs compared with that in NHDFCs. Thus, HS expression could be a primary determinant of HCMV resistance in hiPSCs at the attachment level. IMPORTANCE Numerous factors such as attachment, virus particle entry, transcription, and virus particle egress can affect viral susceptibility. Since 1984, pluripotent cells are known to be CMV resistant; however, the exact mechanism underlying this resistance remains elusive. Some researchers suggest inhibition in the initial phase of HCMV binding, while others have suggested the possibility of a sufficient amount of HCMV entering the cells to establish latency. This study demonstrates that HCMV particles rarely attach to the surfaces of hiPSCs. This is not due to limitations in the electrostatic interactions between the surface of hiPSCs and HCMV particles, but due to HS expression. Therefore, HS expression should be recognized as a key factor in determining the susceptibility of HCMV in congenital infection in vitro and in vivo. In the future, drugs targeting HS may become crucial for the treatment of congenital CMV infections. Thus, further research in this area is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Kawasaki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hariyama
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Isao Kosugi
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shiori Meguro
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Magata
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Iwashita
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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2
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Ricard-Blum S, Vivès RR, Schaefer L, Götte M, Merline R, Passi A, Heldin P, Magalhães A, Reis CA, Skandalis SS, Karamanos NK, Perez S, Nikitovic D. A biological guide to glycosaminoglycans: current perspectives and pending questions. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38500384 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), except hyaluronan (HA), are sulfated polysaccharides that are covalently attached to core proteins to form proteoglycans (PGs). This article summarizes key biological findings for the most widespread GAGs, namely HA, chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), keratan sulfate (KS), and heparan sulfate (HS). It focuses on the major processes that remain to be deciphered to get a comprehensive view of the mechanisms mediating GAG biological functions. They include the regulation of GAG biosynthesis and postsynthetic modifications in heparin (HP) and HS, the composition, heterogeneity, and function of the tetrasaccharide linkage region and its role in disease, the functional characterization of the new PGs recently identified by glycoproteomics, the selectivity of interactions mediated by GAG chains, the display of GAG chains and PGs at the cell surface and their impact on the availability and activity of soluble ligands, and on their move through the glycocalyx layer to reach their receptors, the human GAG profile in health and disease, the roles of GAGs and particular PGs (syndecans, decorin, and biglycan) involved in cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis, the possible use of GAGs and PGs as disease biomarkers, and the design of inhibitors targeting GAG biosynthetic enzymes and GAG-protein interactions to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR 5246 University Lyon 1 - CNRS, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | | | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Germany
| | - Rosetta Merline
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Serge Perez
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales, University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, France
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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3
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Le Pennec J, Picart C, Vivès RR, Migliorini E. Sweet but Challenging: Tackling the Complexity of GAGs with Engineered Tailor-Made Biomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312154. [PMID: 38011916 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play a crucial role in tissue homeostasis by regulating the activity and diffusion of bioactive molecules. Incorporating GAGs into biomaterials has emerged as a widely adopted strategy in medical applications, owing to their biocompatibility and ability to control the release of bioactive molecules. Nevertheless, immobilized GAGs on biomaterials can elicit distinct cellular responses compared to their soluble forms, underscoring the need to understand the interactions between GAG and bioactive molecules within engineered functional biomaterials. By controlling critical parameters such as GAG type, density, and sulfation, it becomes possible to precisely delineate GAG functions within a biomaterial context and to better mimic specific tissue properties, enabling tailored design of GAG-based biomaterials for specific medical applications. However, this requires access to pure and well-characterized GAG compounds, which remains challenging. This review focuses on different strategies for producing well-defined GAGs and explores high-throughput approaches employed to investigate GAG-growth factor interactions and to quantify cellular responses on GAG-based biomaterials. These automated methods hold considerable promise for improving the understanding of the diverse functions of GAGs. In perspective, the scientific community is encouraged to adopt a rational approach in designing GAG-based biomaterials, taking into account the in vivo properties of the targeted tissue for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Le Pennec
- U1292 Biosanté, INSERM, CEA, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS EMR 5000 Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine, Grenoble, F-38054, France
| | - Catherine Picart
- U1292 Biosanté, INSERM, CEA, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS EMR 5000 Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine, Grenoble, F-38054, France
| | | | - Elisa Migliorini
- U1292 Biosanté, INSERM, CEA, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS EMR 5000 Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine, Grenoble, F-38054, France
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4
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Melrose J. Hippo cell signaling and HS-proteoglycans regulate tissue form and function, age-dependent maturation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and repair. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C810-C828. [PMID: 38223931 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00683.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This review examined how Hippo cell signaling and heparan sulfate (HS)-proteoglycans (HSPGs) regulate tissue form and function. Despite being a nonweight-bearing tissue, the brain is regulated by Hippo mechanoresponsive cell signaling pathways during embryonic development. HS-proteoglycans interact with growth factors, morphogens, and extracellular matrix components to regulate development and pathology. Pikachurin and Eyes shut (Eys) interact with dystroglycan to stabilize the photoreceptor axoneme primary cilium and ribbon synapse facilitating phototransduction and neurotransduction with bipolar retinal neuronal networks in ocular vision, the primary human sense. Another HSPG, Neurexin interacts with structural and adaptor proteins to stabilize synapses and ensure specificity of neural interactions, and aids in synaptic potentiation and plasticity in neurotransduction. HSPGs also stabilize the blood-brain barrier and motor neuron basal structures in the neuromuscular junction. Agrin and perlecan localize acetylcholinesterase and its receptors in the neuromuscular junction essential for neuromuscular control. The primary cilium is a mechanosensory hub on neurons, utilized by YES associated protein (YAP)-transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) Hippo, Hh, Wnt, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/bone matrix protein (BMP) receptor tyrosine kinase cell signaling. Members of the glypican HSPG proteoglycan family interact with Smoothened and Patched G-protein coupled receptors on the cilium to regulate Hh and Wnt signaling during neuronal development. Control of glycosyl sulfotransferases and endogenous protease expression by Hippo TAZ YAP represents a mechanism whereby the fine structure of HS-proteoglycans can be potentially modulated spatiotemporally to regulate tissue morphogenesis in a similar manner to how Hippo signaling controls sialyltransferase expression and mediation of cell-cell recognition, dysfunctional sialic acid expression is a feature of many tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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5
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Han M, Zhu H, Chen X, Luo X. 6-O-endosulfatases in tumor metastasis: heparan sulfate proteoglycans modification and potential therapeutic targets. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:897-916. [PMID: 38455409 PMCID: PMC10915330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality. Although advances in the targeted treatment and immunotherapy have improved the management of some cancers, the prognosis of metastatic cancers remains unsatisfied. Therefore, the specific mechanisms in tumor metastasis need further investigation. 6-O-endosulfatases (SULFs), comprising sulfatase1 (SULF1) and sulfatase 2 (SULF2), play pivotal roles in the post-synthetic modifications of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Consequently, these extracellular enzymes can regulate a variety of downstream pathways by modulating HSPGs function. During the past decades, researchers have detected the expression of SULF1 and SULF2 in most cancers and revealed their roles in tumor progression and metastasis. Herein we reviewed the metastasis steps which SULFs participated in, elucidated the specific roles and mechanisms of SULFs in metastasis process, and discussed the effects of SULFs in different types of cancers. Moreover, we summarized the role of targeting SULFs in combination therapy to treat metastatic cancers, which provided some novel strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Han
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary DiseasesWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - He Zhu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary DiseasesWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary DiseasesWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary DiseasesWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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Li N, Hao R, Ren P, Wang J, Dong J, Ye T, Zhao D, Qiao X, Meng Z, Gan H, Liu S, Sun Y, Dou G, Gu R. Glycosaminoglycans: Participants in Microvascular Coagulation of Sepsis. Thromb Haemost 2024. [PMID: 38242171 DOI: 10.1055/a-2250-3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis represents a syndromic response to infection and frequently acts as a common pathway leading to fatality in the context of various infectious diseases globally. The pathology of severe sepsis is marked by an excess of inflammation and activated coagulation. A substantial contributor to mortality in sepsis patients is widespread microvascular thrombosis-induced organ dysfunction. Multiple lines of evidence support the notion that sepsis induces endothelial damage, leading to the release of glycosaminoglycans, potentially causing microvascular dysfunction. This review aims to initially elucidate the relationship among endothelial damage, excessive inflammation, and thrombosis in sepsis. Following this, we present a summary of the involvement of glycosaminoglycans in coagulation, elucidating interactions among glycosaminoglycans, platelets, and inflammatory cells. In this section, we also introduce a reasoned generalization of potential signal pathways wherein glycosaminoglycans play a role in clotting. Finally, we discuss current methods for detecting microvascular conditions in sepsis patients from the perspective of glycosaminoglycans. In conclusion, it is imperative to pay closer attention to the role of glycosaminoglycans in the mechanism of microvascular thrombosis in sepsis. Dynamically assessing glycosaminoglycan levels in patients may aid in predicting microvascular conditions, enabling the monitoring of disease progression, adjustment of clinical treatment schemes, and mitigation of both acute and long-term adverse outcomes associated with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Ruolin Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Peng Ren
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Jingya Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Tong Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Xuan Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Yunbo Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Guifang Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
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7
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Solaimuthu B, Khatib A, Tanna M, Karmi A, Hayashi A, Abu Rmaileh A, Lichtenstein M, Takoe S, Jolly MK, Shaul YD. The exostosin glycosyltransferase 1/STAT3 axis is a driver of breast cancer aggressiveness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316733121. [PMID: 38215181 PMCID: PMC10801894 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316733121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program is crucial for transforming carcinoma cells into a partially mesenchymal state, enhancing their chemoresistance, migration, and metastasis. This shift in cell state is tightly regulated by cellular mechanisms that are not yet fully characterized. One intriguing EMT aspect is the rewiring of the proteoglycan landscape, particularly the induction of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) biosynthesis. This proteoglycan functions as a co-receptor that accelerates cancer-associated signaling pathways through its negatively-charged residues. However, the precise mechanisms through which EMT governs HSPG biosynthesis and its role in cancer cell plasticity remain elusive. Here, we identified exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 (EXT1), a central enzyme in HSPG biosynthesis, to be selectively upregulated in aggressive tumor subtypes and cancer cell lines, and to function as a key player in breast cancer aggressiveness. Notably, ectopic expression of EXT1 in epithelial cells is sufficient to induce HSPG levels and the expression of known mesenchymal markers, subsequently enhancing EMT features, including cell migration, invasion, and tumor formation. Additionally, EXT1 loss in MDA-MB-231 cells inhibits their aggressiveness-associated traits such as migration, chemoresistance, tumor formation, and metastasis. Our findings reveal that EXT1, through its role in HSPG biosynthesis, governs signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, a known regulator of cancer cell aggressiveness. Collectively, we present the EXT1/HSPG/STAT3 axis as a central regulator of cancer cell plasticity that directly links proteoglycan synthesis to oncogenic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Solaimuthu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
| | - Anees Khatib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
| | - Mayur Tanna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
| | - Abdelrahman Karmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
| | - Arata Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
| | - Areej Abu Rmaileh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
| | - Michal Lichtenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
| | - Suranjana Takoe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur760010, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Yoav David Shaul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
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8
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Qin Y, Xu Y, Yi H, Shi L, Wang X, Wang W, Li F. Unique structural characteristics and biological activities of heparan sulfate isolated from the mantle of the scallop Chlamys farreri. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121431. [PMID: 37985034 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Marine animals are a huge resource of various glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) with specific structures and functions. A large number of byproducts, such as low-edible mantle, are produced during the processing of Chlamys farreri, which is one of the most cultured scallops in China. In this study, a major GAG component was isolated from the mantle of C. farreri, and its structural characteristics and biological activities were determined in detail. Preliminary analysis by agarose electrophoresis combined with specific enzymatic degradation evaluations showed that this component was heparan sulfate and was named CMHS. Further analysis by HPLC and NMR revealed that CMHS has an average molecular weight of 35.9 kDa and contains a high proportion (80%) of 6-O-sulfated N-acetyl-D-glucosamine/N-sulfated-D-glucosamine (6-O-sulfated GlcNAc/GlcNS) residues and rare 3-O-sulfated β-D-glucuronic acid residues. Bioactivity analysis showed that CMHS has much lower anticoagulant activity than heparin and it can interact with various growth factors with high affinity. Moreover, CMHS binds strongly to the morphogen Wnt 3a to inhibit glypican-3-stimulated Wnt 3a signaling. Thus, the identification of CMHS with unique structural and bioactive features will provide a promising candidate for the development of GAG-type pharmaceutical products and promote the high-value utilization of C. farreri mantle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Xu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixin Yi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Liran Shi
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuang Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fuchuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Sreekumar A, Lu M, Choudhury B, Pan TC, Pant DK, Lawrence-Paul MR, Sterner CJ, Belka GK, Toriumi T, Benz BA, Escobar-Aguirre M, Marino FE, Esko JD, Chodosh LA. B3GALT6 promotes dormant breast cancer cell survival and recurrence by enabling heparan sulfate-mediated FGF signaling. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:52-69.e7. [PMID: 38065100 PMCID: PMC10872305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer mortality results from incurable recurrences thought to be seeded by dormant, therapy-refractory residual tumor cells (RTCs). Understanding the mechanisms enabling RTC survival is therefore essential for improving patient outcomes. Here, we derive a dormancy-associated RTC signature that mirrors the transcriptional response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients and is enriched for extracellular matrix-related pathways. In vivo CRISPR-Cas9 screening of dormancy-associated candidate genes identifies the galactosyltransferase B3GALT6 as a functional regulator of RTC fitness. B3GALT6 is required for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) linkage to proteins to generate proteoglycans, and its germline loss of function in patients causes skeletal dysplasias. We find that B3GALT6-mediated biosynthesis of heparan sulfate GAGs predicts poor patient outcomes and promotes tumor recurrence by enhancing dormant RTC survival in multiple contexts, and does so via a B3GALT6-heparan sulfate/HS6ST1-heparan 6-O-sulfation/FGF1-FGFR2 signaling axis. These findings implicate B3GALT6 in cancer and nominate FGFR2 inhibition as a promising approach to eradicate dormant RTCs and prevent recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Sreekumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michelle Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tien-Chi Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dhruv K Pant
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew R Lawrence-Paul
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher J Sterner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - George K Belka
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Takashi Toriumi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian A Benz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matias Escobar-Aguirre
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Francesco E Marino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lewis A Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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10
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Castellote-Borrell M, Merlina F, Rodríguez AR, Guasch J. Biohybrid Hydrogels for Tumoroid Culture. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300118. [PMID: 37505458 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Tumoroids are 3D in vitro models that recapitulate key features of in vivo tumors, such as their architecture - hypoxic center and oxygenated outer layer - in contrast with traditional 2D cell cultures. Moreover, they may be able to preserve the patient-specific signature in terms of cell heterogeneity and mutations. Tumoroids are, therefore, interesting tools for improving the understanding of cancer biology, developing new drugs, and potentially designing personalized therapeutic plans. Currently, tumoroids are most often established using basement membrane extracts (BME), which provide a multitude of biological cues. However, BME are characterized by a lack of well-defined composition, limited reproducibility, and potential immunogenicity as a consequence of their natural origin. Synthetic polymers can overcome these problems but lack structural and biochemical complexity, which can limit the functional capabilities of organoids. Biohybrid hydrogels consisting of both natural and synthetic components can combine their advantages and offer superior 3D culture systems. In this review, it is summarized efforts devoted to producing tumoroids using different types of biohybrid hydrogels, which are classified according to their crosslinking mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Castellote-Borrell
- Dynamic Biomimetics for Cancer Immunotherapy, Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Francesca Merlina
- Dynamic Biomimetics for Cancer Immunotherapy, Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Adrián R Rodríguez
- Dynamic Biomimetics for Cancer Immunotherapy, Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Judith Guasch
- Dynamic Biomimetics for Cancer Immunotherapy, Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
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11
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Mukherjee P, Zhou X, Benicky J, Panigrahi A, Aljuhani R, Liu J, Ailles L, Pomin VH, Wang Z, Goldman R. Heparan-6- O-Endosulfatase 2 Promotes Invasiveness of Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cell Lines in Co-Cultures with Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5168. [PMID: 37958342 PMCID: PMC10650326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Local invasiveness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a complex phenomenon supported by interaction of the cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment (TME). We and others have shown that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a component of the TME that can promote local invasion in HNSCC and other cancers. Here we report that the secretory enzyme heparan-6-O-endosulfatase 2 (Sulf-2) directly affects the CAF-supported invasion of the HNSCC cell lines SCC35 and Cal33 into Matrigel. The Sulf-2 knockout (KO) cells differ from their wild type counterparts in their spheroid growth and formation, and the Sulf-2-KO leads to decreased invasion in a spheroid co-culture model with the CAF. Next, we investigated whether a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate isolated from the sea cucumber Holothuria floridana (HfFucCS) affects the activity of the Sulf-2 enzyme. Our results show that HfFucCS not only efficiently inhibits the Sulf-2 enzymatic activity but, like the Sulf-2 knockout, inhibits Matrigel invasion of SCC35 and Cal33 cells co-cultured with primary HNSCC CAF. These findings suggest that the heparan-6-O-endosulfatases regulate local invasion and could be therapeutically targeted with the inhibitory activity of a marine glycosaminoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Mukherjee
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Biotechnology Program, Northern Virginia Community College, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Julius Benicky
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Aswini Panigrahi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Reem Aljuhani
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Laurie Ailles
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada;
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Vitor H. Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Zhangjie Wang
- Glycan Therapeutics, LLC, 617 Hutton Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
| | - Radoslav Goldman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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12
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van den Brink DP, Kleinveld DJB, Bongers A, Vos J, Roelofs JTH, Weber NC, van Buul JD, Juffermans NP. The Effects of Heparan Sulfate Infusion on Endothelial and Organ Injury in a Rat Pneumosepsis Model. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6438. [PMID: 37892576 PMCID: PMC10607557 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic shock is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, leading to tissue edema and organ failure. Heparan sulfate (HS) is essential for vascular barrier integrity, possibly via albumin as a carrier. We hypothesized that supplementing fluid resuscitation with HS would improve endothelial barrier function, thereby reducing organ edema and injury in a rat pneumosepsis model. Following intratracheal inoculation with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to resuscitation with a fixed volume of either Ringer's Lactate (RL, standard of care), RL supplemented with 7 mg/kg HS, 5% human albumin, or 5% human albumin supplemented with 7 mg/kg HS (n = 11 per group). Controls were sham inoculated animals. Five hours after the start of resuscitation, animals were sacrificed. To assess endothelial permeability, 70 kD FITC-labelled dextran was administered before sacrifice. Blood samples were taken to assess markers of endothelial and organ injury. Organs were harvested to quantify pulmonary FITC-dextran leakage, organ edema, and for histology. Inoculation resulted in sepsis, with increased lactate levels, pulmonary FITC-dextran leakage, pulmonary edema, and pulmonary histologic injury scores compared to healthy controls. RL supplemented with HS did not reduce median pulmonary FITC-dextran leakage compared to RL alone (95.1 CI [62.0-105.3] vs. 87.1 CI [68.9-139.3] µg/mL, p = 0.76). Similarly, albumin supplemented with HS did not reduce pulmonary FITC-dextran leakage compared to albumin (120.0 [93.8-141.2] vs. 116.2 [61.7 vs. 160.8] µg/mL, p = 0.86). No differences were found in organ injury between groups. Heparan sulfate, as an add-on therapy to RL or albumin resuscitation, did not reduce organ or endothelial injury in a rat pneumosepsis model. Higher doses of heparan sulfate may decrease organ and endothelial injury induced by shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan P. van den Brink
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.C.W.); (N.P.J.)
| | - Derek J. B. Kleinveld
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.C.W.); (N.P.J.)
- Erasmus MC, Department Anesthesiology, Erasmus University of Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annabel Bongers
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.C.W.); (N.P.J.)
| | - Jaël Vos
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.C.W.); (N.P.J.)
| | - Joris T. H. Roelofs
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pathology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Cardiovascular Sciences, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina C. Weber
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.C.W.); (N.P.J.)
- Amsterdam UMC, Cardiovascular Sciences, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap D. van Buul
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department Molecular Hematology, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy (LCAM), Section Molecular Cytology at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole P. Juffermans
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.C.W.); (N.P.J.)
- Erasmus MC, Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus University of Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Bhoge PR, Raigawali R, Mardhekar S, Anand S, Kikkeri R. Synergestic interplay of uronic acid and sulfation composition of heparan sulfate on molecular recognition to activity. Carbohydr Res 2023; 532:108919. [PMID: 37557021 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is ubiquitous polysaccharide on the surface of all mammalian cells and extracellular matrices. The incredible structural complexity of HS arises from its sulfation patterns and disaccharide compositions, which orchestrate a wide range of biological activities. Researchers have developed elegant synthetic methods to obtain well-defined HS oligosaccharides to understand the structure-activity relationship. These studies revealed that specific sulfation codes and uronic acid variants could synergistically modulate HS-protein interactions (HSPI). Additionally, the conformational flexibility of l-Iduronic acid, a uronic acid unit has emerged as a critical factor in fine-tuning the microenvironment to modulate HSPI. This review delineates how uronic acid composition in HS modulates protein binding affinity, selectivity, and biological activity. Finally, the significance of sulfated homo-oligo uronic acid as heparin mimics in drug development is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Ravindra Bhoge
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India
| | - Rakesh Raigawali
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India
| | - Sandhya Mardhekar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India
| | - Saurabh Anand
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India.
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14
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Cengiz Winter N, Karakaya M, Mosen P, Brusius I, Anlar B, Haliloglu G, Winter D, Wirth B. Proteomic Investigation of Differential Interactomes of Glypican 1 and a Putative Disease-Modifying Variant of Ataxia. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3081-3095. [PMID: 37585105 PMCID: PMC10476613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
In a currently 13-year-old girl of consanguineous Turkish parents, who developed unsteady gait and polyneuropathy at the ages of 3 and 6 years, respectively, we performed whole genome sequencing and identified a biallelic missense variant c.424C>T, p.R142W in glypican 1 (GPC1) as a putative disease-associated variant. Up to date, GPC1 has not been associated with a neuromuscular disorder, and we hypothesized that this variant, predicted as deleterious, may be causative for the disease. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we investigated the interactome of GPC1 WT and the missense variant. We identified 198 proteins interacting with GPC1, of which 16 were altered for the missense variant. This included CANX as well as vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) complex members, whose dysregulation could have a potential impact on disease severity in the patient. Importantly, these proteins are novel interaction partners of GPC1. At 10.5 years, the patient developed dilated cardiomyopathy and kyphoscoliosis, and Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) was suspected. Given the unusually severe phenotype in a patient with FRDA carrying only 104 biallelic GAA repeat expansions in FXN, we currently speculate that disturbed GPC1 function may have exacerbated the disease phenotype. LC-MS/MS data are accessible in the ProteomeXchange Consortium (PXD040023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Cengiz Winter
- Institute
of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University
of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mert Karakaya
- Institute
of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University
of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital
of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Mosen
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Isabell Brusius
- Institute
of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Banu Anlar
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Goknur Haliloglu
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute
of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University
of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital
of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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15
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Zuo Y, Navaz S, Tsodikov A, Kmetova K, Kluge L, Ambati A, Hoy CK, Yalavarthi S, de Andrade D, Tektonidou MG, Sciascia S, Pengo V, Ruiz-Irastorza G, Michael Belmont H, Gerosa M, Fortin PR, de Jesus GR, Ware Branch D, Andreoli L, Rodriguez-Almaraz E, Petri M, Cervera R, Willis R, Karp DR, Li QZ, Cohen H, Bertolaccini ML, Erkan. D, Knight JS. Anti-Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Antibodies in Antiphospholipid Antibody-Positive Patients: Results From the Antiphospholipid Syndrome Alliance for Clinical Trials and InternatiOnal Networking Clinical Database and Repository. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1407-1414. [PMID: 36862141 PMCID: PMC10758259 DOI: 10.1002/art.42489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the presence, antigen specificities, and potential clinical associations of anti-neutrophil extracellular trap (anti-NET) antibodies in a multinational cohort of antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody-positive patients who did not have lupus. METHODS Anti-NET IgG/IgM levels were measured in serum samples from 389 aPL-positive patients; 308 patients met the classification criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome. Multivariate logistic regression with best variable model selection was used to determine clinical associations. For a subset of the patients (n = 214), we profiled autoantibodies using an autoantigen microarray platform. RESULTS We found elevated levels of anti-NET IgG and/or IgM in 45% of the aPL-positive patients. High anti-NET antibody levels are associated with more circulating myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complexes, which are a biomarker of NETs. When considering clinical manifestations, positive anti-NET IgG was associated with lesions affecting the white matter of the brain, even after adjusting for demographic variables and aPL profiles. Anti-NET IgM tracked with complement consumption after controlling for aPL profiles; furthermore, patient serum samples containing high levels of anti-NET IgM efficiently deposited complement C3d on NETs. As determined by autoantigen microarray, positive testing for anti-NET IgG was significantly associated with several autoantibodies, including those recognizing citrullinated histones, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, laminin, MPO-DNA complexes, and nucleosomes. Anti-NET IgM positivity was associated with autoantibodies targeting single-stranded DNA, double-stranded DNA, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. CONCLUSION These data reveal high levels of anti-NET antibodies in 45% of aPL-positive patients, where they potentially activate the complement cascade. While anti-NET IgM may especially recognize DNA in NETs, anti-NET IgG species appear to be more likely to target NET-associated protein antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sherwin Navaz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alex Tsodikov
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katarina Kmetova
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lyndsay Kluge
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amala Ambati
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Claire K. Hoy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Srilakshmi Yalavarthi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D. Ware Branch
- University of Utah and Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle Petri
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ricard Cervera
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rohan Willis
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David R. Karp
- Division of Rheumatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology, Immune Phenotyping Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hannah Cohen
- Haemostasis Research Unit, Department of Haematology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Doruk Erkan.
- Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason S. Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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16
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Wang S, Kim SY, Sohn KA. ClearF++: Improved Supervised Feature Scoring Using Feature Clustering in Class-Wise Embedding and Reconstruction. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:824. [PMID: 37508851 PMCID: PMC10376817 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Feature selection methods are essential for accurate disease classification and identifying informative biomarkers. While information-theoretic methods have been widely used, they often exhibit limitations such as high computational costs. Our previously proposed method, ClearF, addresses these issues by using reconstruction error from low-dimensional embeddings as a proxy for the entropy term in the mutual information. However, ClearF still has limitations, including a nontransparent bottleneck layer selection process, which can result in unstable feature selection. To address these limitations, we propose ClearF++, which simplifies the bottleneck layer selection and incorporates feature-wise clustering to enhance biomarker detection. We compare its performance with other commonly used methods such as MultiSURF and IFS, as well as ClearF, across multiple benchmark datasets. Our results demonstrate that ClearF++ consistently outperforms these methods in terms of prediction accuracy and stability, even with limited samples. We also observe that employing the Deep Embedded Clustering (DEC) algorithm for feature-wise clustering improves performance, indicating its suitability for handling complex data structures with limited samples. ClearF++ offers an improved biomarker prioritization approach with enhanced prediction performance and faster execution. Its stability and effectiveness with limited samples make it particularly valuable for biomedical data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Wang
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Software and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Sohn
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Software and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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17
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Lauster D, Osterrieder K, Haag R, Ballauff M, Herrmann A. Respiratory viruses interacting with cells: the importance of electrostatics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1169547. [PMID: 37440888 PMCID: PMC10333706 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1169547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has rekindled interest in the molecular mechanisms involved in the early steps of infection of cells by viruses. Compared to SARS-CoV-1 which only caused a relatively small albeit deadly outbreak, SARS-CoV-2 has led to fulminant spread and a full-scale pandemic characterized by efficient virus transmission worldwide within a very short time. Moreover, the mutations the virus acquired over the many months of virus transmission, particularly those seen in the Omicron variant, have turned out to result in an even more transmissible virus. Here, we focus on the early events of virus infection of cells. We review evidence that the first decisive step in this process is the electrostatic interaction of the spike protein with heparan sulfate chains present on the surface of target cells: Patches of cationic amino acids located on the surface of the spike protein can interact intimately with the negatively charged heparan sulfate chains, which results in the binding of the virion to the cell surface. In a second step, the specific interaction of the receptor binding domain (RBD) within the spike with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor leads to the uptake of bound virions into the cell. We show that these events can be expressed as a semi-quantitative model by calculating the surface potential of different spike proteins using the Adaptive Poison-Boltzmann-Solver (APBS). This software allows visualization of the positive surface potential caused by the cationic patches, which increased markedly from the original Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2 to the Omicron variant. The surface potential thus enhanced leads to a much stronger binding of the Omicron variant as compared to the original wild-type virus. At the same time, data taken from the literature demonstrate that the interaction of the RBD of the spike protein with the ACE2 receptor remains constant within the limits of error. Finally, we briefly digress to other viruses and show the usefulness of these electrostatic processes and calculations for cell-virus interactions more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lauster
- Institut für Pharmazie, Biopharmazeutika, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, SupraFAB, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, SupraFAB, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, SupraFAB, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Oto J, Le QK, Schäfer SD, Kiesel L, Marí-Alexandre J, Gilabert-Estellés J, Medina P, Götte M. Role of Syndecans in Ovarian Cancer: New Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3125. [PMID: 37370735 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the eighth cancer both in prevalence and mortality in women and represents the deadliest female reproductive cancer. Due to generally vague symptoms, OC is frequently diagnosed only at a late and advanced stage, resulting in high mortality. The tumor extracellular matrix and cellular matrix receptors play a key role in the pathogenesis of tumor progression. Syndecans are a family of four transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans (PG), including syndecan-1, -2, -3, and -4, which are dysregulated in a myriad of cancers, including OC. Many clinicopathological studies suggest that these proteins are promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for OC. Furthermore, functions of the syndecan family in the regulation of cellular processes make it an interesting pharmacological target for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Oto
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Quang-Khoi Le
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian D Schäfer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Josep Marí-Alexandre
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Gilabert-Estellés
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Medina
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Balbisi M, Sugár S, Schlosser G, Szeitz B, Fillinger J, Moldvay J, Drahos L, Szász AM, Tóth G, Turiák L. Inter- and intratumoral proteomics and glycosaminoglycan characterization of ALK rearranged lung adenocarcinoma tissues: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6268. [PMID: 37069213 PMCID: PMC10110559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer with limited therapeutic options, therefore a detailed understanding of the underlying molecular changes is of utmost importance. In this pilot study, we investigated the proteomic and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) profile of ALK rearranged lung tumor tissue regions based on the morphological classification, mucin and stromal content. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed that both the proteomic and GAG-omic profiles are highly dependent on mucin content and to a lesser extent on morphology. We found that differentially expressed proteins between morphologically different tumor types are primarily involved in the regulation of protein synthesis, whereas those between adjacent normal and different tumor regions take part in several other biological processes (e.g. extracellular matrix organization, oxidation-reduction processes, protein folding) as well. The total amount and the sulfation profile of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate showed small differences based on morphology and larger differences based on mucin content of the tumor, while an increase was observed in both the total amount and the average rate of sulfation in tumors compared to adjacent normal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Balbisi
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2., Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Simon Sugár
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2., Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Beáta Szeitz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - János Fillinger
- Department of Pathology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Korányi Frigyes út 1., Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Judit Moldvay
- 1st Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Korányi Frigyes út 1., Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2., Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - A Marcell Szász
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tóth
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2., Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Lilla Turiák
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2., Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
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20
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Chen J, Sun T, You Y, Lin B, Wu B, Wu J. Genome-wide identification of potential odontogenic genes involved in the dental epithelium-mesenchymal interaction during early odontogenesis. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:163. [PMID: 37013486 PMCID: PMC10069120 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelium-mesenchymal interactions are involved in odontogenic processes. Previous studies have focused on the intracellular signalling regulatory network in tooth development, but the functions of extracellular regulatory molecules have remained unclear. This study aims to explore the gene profile of extracellular proteoglycans and their glycosaminoglycan chains potentially involved in dental epithelium-mesenchymal interactions using high-throughput sequencing to provide new understanding of early odontogenesis. RESULTS Whole transcriptome profiles of the mouse dental epithelium and mesenchyme were investigated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). A total of 1,281 and 1,582 differentially expressed genes were identified between the dental epithelium and mesenchyme at E11.5 and E13.5, respectively. Enrichment analysis showed that extracellular regions and ECM-receptor interactions were significantly enriched at both E11.5 and E13.5. Polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that the extracellular proteoglycan family exhibited distinct changes during epithelium-mesenchymal interactions. Most proteoglycans showed higher transcript levels in the dental mesenchyme, whereas only a few were upregulated in the epithelium at both stages. In addition, 9 proteoglycans showed dynamic expression changes between these two tissue compartments. Gpc4, Sdc2, Spock2, Dcn and Lum were expressed at higher levels in the dental epithelium at E11.5, whereas their expression was significantly higher in the dental mesenchyme at E13.5, which coincides with the odontogenic potential shift. Moreover, the glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic enzymes Ext1, Hs3st1/5, Hs6st2/3, Ndst3 and Sulf1 also exhibited early upregulation in the epithelium but showed markedly higher expression in the mesenchyme after the odontogenic potential shift. CONCLUSION This study reveals the dynamic expression profile of extracellular proteoglycans and their biosynthetic enzymes during the dental epithelium-mesenchymal interaction. This study offers new insight into the roles of extracellular proteoglycans and their distinct sulfation underlying early odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Binbin Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Southern Medical University- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), ShenZhen, 518118, China.
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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21
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Pfeifer V, Weber H, Wang Y, Schlesinger M, Gorzelanny C, Bendas G. Exostosin 1 Knockdown Induces Chemoresistance in MV3 Melanoma Cells by Upregulating JNK and MEK/ERK Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065452. [PMID: 36982528 PMCID: PMC10049486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) possess various functions driving malignancy of tumors. However, their impact on tumor cell sensitivity to cytotoxic treatment is far less understood. Aiming to investigate this, we depleted HSPGs by downregulating Exostosin 1 (EXT1), a key enzyme in HS formation, or upregulating heparanase in human MV3 human melanoma cells, and investigated their response to cytotoxic drugs. Cytotoxicity of trametinib, doxorubicin, and mitoxantrone was detected by MTT assay. Insights into intracellular signaling was provided by kinome protein profiler array, and selected kinases were inhibited to investigate their impact on cell sensitization and migratory dynamics. EXT1 knockdown (EXT1kd) in MV3 cells affected the activity of doxorubicin and mitoxantrone, significantly increasing EC50 values two- or fourfold, respectively. Resistance formation was scarcely related to HSPG deficiency, suggested by enzymatic cleavage of HSPG in control cells. Notably, EXT1kd induced an upregulation of EGFR signaling via JNK and MEK/ERK, and hence blocking these kinases returned resistance to a sensitive level. JNK appeared as a key signal component, also inducing higher migratory activity of EXT1kd cells. Furthermore, EXT1kd upregulated thrombotic properties of MV3 cells, indicated by tissue factor and PAR-1 expression, functionally reflected by a stronger activation of platelet aggregation. EXT1 was confirmed to act as a tumor suppressor, shown here for the first time to affect chemosensitivity of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladlena Pfeifer
- Pharmaceutical Department, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiko Weber
- Pharmaceutical Department, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schlesinger
- Pharmaceutical Department, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Pharmaceutical Department, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-735250
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22
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Yuan Z, Li Y, Zhang S, Wang X, Dou H, Yu X, Zhang Z, Yang S, Xiao M. Extracellular matrix remodeling in tumor progression and immune escape: from mechanisms to treatments. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:48. [PMID: 36906534 PMCID: PMC10007858 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The malignant tumor is a multi-etiological, systemic and complex disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and distant metastasis. Anticancer treatments including adjuvant therapies and targeted therapies are effective in eliminating cancer cells but in a limited number of patients. Increasing evidence suggests that the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in tumor development through changes in macromolecule components, degradation enzymes and stiffness. These variations are under the control of cellular components in tumor tissue via the aberrant activation of signaling pathways, the interaction of the ECM components to multiple surface receptors, and mechanical impact. Additionally, the ECM shaped by cancer regulates immune cells which results in an immune suppressive microenvironment and hinders the efficacy of immunotherapies. Thus, the ECM acts as a barrier to protect cancer from treatments and supports tumor progression. Nevertheless, the profound regulatory network of the ECM remodeling hampers the design of individualized antitumor treatment. Here, we elaborate on the composition of the malignant ECM, and discuss the specific mechanisms of the ECM remodeling. Precisely, we highlight the impact of the ECM remodeling on tumor development, including proliferation, anoikis, metastasis, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and immune escape. Finally, we emphasize ECM "normalization" as a potential strategy for anti-malignant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Yuan
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yingpu Li
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Sifan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - He Dou
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disorder and Cancer Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
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23
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Liu Q, Li J, Zheng H, Yang S, Hua Y, Huang N, Kleeff J, Liao Q, Wu W. Adoptive cellular immunotherapy for solid neoplasms beyond CAR-T. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:28. [PMID: 36750830 PMCID: PMC9903509 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy are two milestone achievements in clinical immunotherapy. However, both show limited efficacies in most solid neoplasms, which necessitates the exploration of new immunotherapeutic modalities. The failure of CAR-T and immune checkpoint blockade in several solid neoplasms is attributed to multiple factors, including low antigenicity of tumor cells, low infiltration of effector T cells, and diverse mechanisms of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. New adoptive cell therapies have been attempted for solid neoplasms, including TCR-T, CAR-natural killer cells (CAR-NK), and CAR-macrophages (CAR-M). Compared to CAR-T, these new adoptive cell therapies have certain advantages in treating solid neoplasms. In this review, we summarized the 40-year evolution of adoptive cell therapies, then focused on the advances of TCR-T, CAR-NK, and CAR-M in solid neoplasms and discussed their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofei Liu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jiayi Li
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Huaijin Zheng
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Sen Yang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yuze Hua
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Nan Huang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jorg Kleeff
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Wenming Wu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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24
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Yang H, Wang L. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans in cancer: Pathogenesis and therapeutic potential. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 157:251-291. [PMID: 36725112 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are glycoproteins that consist of a proteoglycan "core" protein and covalently attached heparan sulfate (HS) chain. HSPGs are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and secretory vesicles. Within HSPGs, the protein cores determine when and where HSPG expression takes place, and the HS chains mediate most of HSPG's biological roles through binding various protein ligands, including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and receptors, morphogens, proteases, protease inhibitors, and ECM proteins. Through these interactions, HSPGs modulate cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis to display essential functions in physiology and pathology. Under physiological conditions, the expression and localization of HSPGs are finely regulated to orchestrate their physiological functions, and this is disrupted in cancer. The HSPG dysregulation elicits multiple oncogenic signaling, including growth factor signaling, ECM and Integrin signaling, chemokine and immune signaling, cancer stem cell, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence, to prompt cell transformation, proliferation, tumor invasion and metastasis, tumor angiogenesis and inflammation, and immunotolerance. These oncogenic roles make HSPGs an attractive pharmacological target for anti-cancer therapy. Several therapeutic strategies have been under development, including anti-HSPG antibodies, peptides and HS mimetics, synthetic xylosides, and heparinase inhibitors, and shown promising anti-cancer efficacy. Therefore, much progress has been made in this line of study. However, it needs to bear in mind that the roles of HSPGs in cancer can be either oncogenic or tumor-suppressive, depending on the HSPG and the cancer cell type with the underlying mechanisms that remain obscure. Further studies need to address these to fill the knowledge gap and rationalize more efficient therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States; Bryd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
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25
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Lebsir N, Zoulim F, Grigorov B. Heparanase-1: From Cancer Biology to a Future Antiviral Target. Viruses 2023; 15:237. [PMID: 36680276 PMCID: PMC9860851 DOI: 10.3390/v15010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are found to be implicated in viral infections, where they play a role in both cell entry and release for many viruses. The enzyme heparanase-1 is the only known endo-beta-D-glucuronidase capable of degrading heparan sulphate (HS) chains of HSPGs and is thus important for regulating ECM homeostasis. Heparanase-1 expression is tightly regulated as the uncontrolled cleavage of HS may result in abnormal cell activation and significant tissue damage. The overexpression of heparanase-1 correlates with pathological scenarios and is observed in different human malignancies, such as lymphoma, breast, colon, lung, and hepatocellular carcinomas. Interestingly, heparanase-1 has also been documented to be involved in numerous viral infections, e.g., HSV-1, HPV, DENV. Moreover, very recent reports have demonstrated a role of heparanase-1 in HCV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Due to the undenied pro-carcinogenic role of heparanase-1, multiple inhibitors have been developed, some reaching phase II and III in clinical studies. However, the use of heparanase inhibitors as antivirals has not yet been proposed. If it can be assumed that heparanase-1 is implicated in numerous viral life cycles, its inhibition by specific heparanase-acting compounds should result in a blockage of viral infection. This review addresses the perspectives of using heparanase inhibitors, not only for cancer treatment, but also as antivirals. Eventually, the development of a novel class antivirals targeting a cellular protein could help to alleviate the resistance problems seen with some current antiretroviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjet Lebsir
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69434 Lyon, France
- Confluence: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), UCLy, 10 Place des Archives, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69434 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Boyan Grigorov
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69434 Lyon, France
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Basu A, Weiss RJ. Glycosaminoglycan Analysis: Purification, Structural Profiling, and GAG-Protein Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2597:159-176. [PMID: 36374421 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2835-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, linear polysaccharides that are ubiquitously expressed on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix of all animal cells. These complex carbohydrates are composed of alternating glucosamine and uronic acids that can be heterogeneously N- and O-sulfated. The arrangement and orientation of the sulfated sugar residues specify the location of distinct ligand binding sites on the cell surface, and their capacity to bind ligands impacts cell growth and development, the ability to form tissues and organs, and normal physiology. The heterogeneous nature of GAGs and their inherent structural diversity across different tissues, cell types, and disease states creates challenges to characterizing their structure and function. Here, we describe detailed methods to investigate GAG-protein interactions in vitro and evaluate the structural composition of two classes of sulfated GAGs, heparan sulfate and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate, using liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and radiolabeling techniques. Overall, these methods facilitate the evaluation of GAG structure and function to uncover the unique roles these molecules play in cell biology and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Basu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ryan J Weiss
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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27
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Yang Y, Ahn J, Edwards NJ, Benicky J, Rozeboom AM, Davidson B, Karamboulas C, Nixon KCJ, Ailles L, Goldman R. Extracellular Heparan 6- O-Endosulfatases SULF1 and SULF2 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Other Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225553. [PMID: 36428645 PMCID: PMC9688903 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pan-cancer analysis of TCGA and CPTAC (proteomics) data shows that SULF1 and SULF2 are oncogenic in a number of human malignancies and associated with poor survival outcomes. Our studies document a consistent upregulation of SULF1 and SULF2 in HNSC which is associated with poor survival outcomes. These heparan sulfate editing enzymes were considered largely functional redundant but single-cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) shows that SULF1 is secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts in contrast to the SULF2 derived from tumor cells. Our RNAScope and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) analysis of the HNSC tissues fully confirm the stromal source of SULF1 and explain the uniform impact of this enzyme on the biology of multiple malignancies. In summary, SULF2 expression increases in multiple malignancies but less consistently than SULF1, which uniformly increases in the tumor tissues and negatively impacts survival in several types of cancer even though its expression in cancer cells is low. This paradigm is common to multiple malignancies and suggests a potential for diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of the heparan sulfatases in cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jaeil Ahn
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Nathan J. Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Julius Benicky
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Aaron M. Rozeboom
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Bruce Davidson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Christina Karamboulas
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Kevin C. J. Nixon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Laurie Ailles
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Radoslav Goldman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-202-687-9868
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Sieme D, Griesinger C, Rezaei-Ghaleh N. Metal Binding to Sodium Heparin Monitored by Quadrupolar NMR. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113185. [PMID: 36361973 PMCID: PMC9655979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparins and heparan sulfate polysaccharides are negatively charged glycosaminoglycans and play important roles in cell-to-matrix and cell-to-cell signaling processes. Metal ion binding to heparins alters the conformation of heparins and influences their function. Various experimental techniques have been used to investigate metal ion-heparin interactions, frequently with inconsistent results. Exploiting the quadrupolar 23Na nucleus, we herein develop a 23Na NMR-based competition assay and monitor the binding of divalent Ca2+ and Mg2+ and trivalent Al3+ metal ions to sodium heparin and the consequent release of sodium ions from heparin. The 23Na spin relaxation rates and translational diffusion coefficients are utilized to quantify the metal ion-induced release of sodium ions from heparin. In the case of the Al3+ ion, the complementary approach of 27Al quadrupolar NMR is employed as a direct probe of ion binding to heparin. Our NMR results demonstrate at least two metal ion-binding sites with different affinities on heparin, potentially undergoing dynamic exchange. For the site with lower metal ion binding affinity, the order of Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Al3+ is obtained, in which even the weakly binding Al3+ ion is capable of displacing sodium ions from heparin. Overall, the multinuclear quadrupolar NMR approach employed here can monitor and quantify metal ion binding to heparin and capture different modes of metal ion-heparin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sieme
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Faßberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Faßberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nasrollah Rezaei-Ghaleh
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Faßberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich Heine University (HHU) Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
- Correspondence: or
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29
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Muendlein A, Severgnini L, Decker T, Heinzle C, Leiherer A, Geiger K, Drexel H, Winder T, Reimann P, Mayer F, Nonnenbroich C, Dechow T. Circulating syndecan-1 and glypican-4 predict 12-month survival in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1045995. [PMID: 36353562 PMCID: PMC9638102 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1045995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface syndecans and glypicans play important roles in the development and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Their soluble forms from proteoglycan shedding can be detected in blood and have been proposed as new prognostic biomarkers in several cancer entities. However, studies on circulating syndecan-1 (SDC1) and glypican-4 (GPC4) in CRC are limited. We, therefore, evaluated the impact of plasma SDC1 and GPC4 on the prognosis of metastatic (m)CRC patients. The present study included 93 patients with mCRC. The endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 12 months. SDC1 and GPC4 levels were measured in plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Plasma levels of SDC1 and GPC4 were significantly correlated. Significant correlations of these two markers were also found with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Kaplan-Meier curve analyses indicated that PFS and OS probabilities significantly decreased with increasing levels of SDC1 and GPC4, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that both markers were significantly associated with PFS and OS independently from clinicopathological characteristics including CEA. Respective adjusted hazard ratios (HR) together with corresponding 95% confidence intervals for one standard deviation change of SDC1 were 1.32 [1.02-1.84] for PFS and 1.48 [1.01-2.15] for OS. Adjusted HRs [95% confidence intervals] of GPC4 were 1.42 [1.07-1.89] for PFS and 2.40 [1.51-3.81] for OS. Results from area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses suggest that GPC4 and SDC1 add additional prognostic values to CEA for OS. In conclusion, we showed significant associations of circulating SDC1 and GPC4 with poor survival of mCRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Muendlein
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Dornbirn, Austria
- *Correspondence: Axel Muendlein,
| | - Luciano Severgnini
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | | | - Christine Heinzle
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Dornbirn, Austria
- Medical Central Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Andreas Leiherer
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Dornbirn, Austria
- Medical Central Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Kathrin Geiger
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Dornbirn, Austria
- Medical Central Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Heinz Drexel
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Dornbirn, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Teaching Hospital Bregenz, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Thomas Winder
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Patrick Reimann
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Frank Mayer
- Praxis und Tagesklinik Prof. Dr. Oettle Helmut Prof. Mayer Frank, Friedrichshafen, Germany
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Marques C, Poças J, Gomes C, Faria-Ramos I, Reis CA, Vivès RR, Magalhães A. Glycosyltransferases EXTL2 and EXTL3 cellular balance dictates Heparan Sulfate biosynthesis and shapes gastric cancer cell motility and invasion. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102546. [PMID: 36181793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPGs) are abundant glycoconjugates in cells' glycocalyx and Extracellular Matrix (ECM). By acting as scaffolds for protein-protein interactions, HSPGs modulate extracellular ligand gradients, cell signaling networks, and cell-ECM crosstalk. Aberrant expression of HSPGs and enzymes involved in HSPG biosynthesis and processing has been reported in tumors, with impact in cancer cell behavior and tumor microenvironment properties. However, the roles of specific glycosyltransferases in the deregulated biosynthesis of HSPGs are not fully understood. In this study, we established glycoengineered gastric cancer cell models lacking either Exostosin Like glycosyltransferase 2 (EXTL2) or EXTL3, and revealed their regulatory roles in both Heparan Sulfate (HS) and Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) biosynthesis and structural features. We showed that EXTL3 is key for initiating the synthesis of HS chains in detriment of CS biosynthesis, intervening in the fine-tuned balance of the HS/CS ratio in cells, while EXTL2 functions as a negative regulator of HS biosynthesis, with impact over the glycoproteome of gastric cancer cells. We demonstrated that knock-out of EXTL2 enhanced HS levels along with concomitant upregulation of Syndecan-4, which is a major cell-surface carrier of HS. This aberrant HS expression profile promoted a more aggressive phenotype, characterized by higher cellular motility and invasion, and impaired activation of Ephrin type-A 4 cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase. Our findings uncover the biosynthetic roles of EXTL2 and EXTL3 in the regulation of cancer cell GAGosylation and proteoglycans expression, and unravel the functional consequences of aberrant HS/CS balance in cellular malignant features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Marques
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Poças
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Gomes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Faria-Ramos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; FMUP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Magalhães
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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31
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MicroRNAs in the cancer cell-to-cell communication: An insight into biological vehicles. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113449. [PMID: 36076563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ramos-Martínez IE, Ramos-Martínez E, Segura-Velázquez RÁ, Saavedra-Montañez M, Cervantes-Torres JB, Cerbón M, Papy-Garcia D, Zenteno E, Sánchez-Betancourt JI. Heparan Sulfate and Sialic Acid in Viral Attachment: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179842. [PMID: 36077240 PMCID: PMC9456526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids and heparan sulfates make up the outermost part of the cell membrane and the extracellular matrix. Both structures are characterized by being negatively charged, serving as receptors for various pathogens, and are highly expressed in the respiratory and digestive tracts. Numerous viruses use heparan sulfates as receptors to infect cells; in this group are HSV, HPV, and SARS-CoV-2. Other viruses require the cell to express sialic acids, as is the case in influenza A viruses and adenoviruses. This review aims to present, in a general way, the participation of glycoconjugates in viral entry, and therapeutic strategies focused on inhibiting the interaction between the virus and the glycoconjugates. Interestingly, there are few studies that suggest the participation of both glycoconjugates in the viruses addressed here. Considering the biological redundancy that exists between heparan sulfates and sialic acids, we propose that it is important to jointly evaluate and design strategies that contemplate inhibiting the interactions of both glycoconjugates. This approach will allow identifying new receptors and lead to a deeper understanding of interspecies transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Emmanuel Ramos-Martínez
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Edgar Ramos-Martínez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - René Álvaro Segura-Velázquez
- Unidad de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Manuel Saavedra-Montañez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Jacquelynne Brenda Cervantes-Torres
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Dulce Papy-Garcia
- Glycobiology, Cell Growth ant Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - José Ivan Sánchez-Betancourt
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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33
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Kines RC, Schiller JT. Harnessing Human Papillomavirus’ Natural Tropism to Target Tumors. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081656. [PMID: 36016277 PMCID: PMC9413966 DOI: 10.3390/v14081656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are small non-enveloped DNA tumor viruses established as the primary etiological agent for the development of cervical cancer. Decades of research have elucidated HPV’s primary attachment factor to be heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). Importantly, wounding and exposure of the epithelial basement membrane was found to be pivotal for efficient attachment and infection of HPV in vivo. Sulfation patterns on HSPG’s become modified at the site of wounds as they serve an important role promoting tissue healing, cell proliferation and neovascularization and it is these modifications recognized by HPV. Analogous HSPG modification patterns can be found on tumor cells as they too require the aforementioned processes to grow and metastasize. Although targeting tumor associated HSPG is not a novel concept, the use of HPV to target and treat tumors has only been realized in recent years. The work herein describes how decades of basic HPV research has culminated in the rational design of an HPV-based virus-like infrared light activated dye conjugate for the treatment of choroidal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John T. Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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34
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Noborn F, Nilsson J, Larson G. Site-specific glycosylation of proteoglycans: a revisited frontier in proteoglycan research. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:289-306. [PMID: 35840015 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs), a class of carbohydrate-modified proteins, are present in essentially all metazoan organisms investigated to date. PGs are composed of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains attached to various core proteins and are important for embryogenesis and normal homeostasis. PGs exert many of their functions via their GAG chains and understanding the details of GAG-ligand interactions has been an essential part of PG research. Although PGs are also involved in many diseases, the number of GAG-related drugs used in the clinic is yet very limited, indicating a lack of detailed structure-function understanding. Structural analysis of PGs has traditionally been obtained by first separating the GAG chains from the core proteins, after which the two components are analyzed separately. While this strategy greatly facilitates the analysis, it precludes site-specific information and introduces either a "GAG" or a "core protein" perspective on the data interpretation. Mass-spectrometric (MS) glycoproteomic approaches have recently been introduced, providing site-specific information on PGs. Such methods have revealed a previously unknown structural complexity of the GAG linkage regions and resulted in identification of several novel CSPGs and HSPGs in humans and in model organisms, thereby expanding our view on PG complexity. In light of these findings, we discuss here if the use of such MS-based techniques, in combination with various functional assays, can also be used to expand our functional understanding of PGs. We have also summarized the site-specific information of all human PGs known to date, providing a theoretical framework for future studies on site-specific functional analysis of PGs in human pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Noborn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sundsvall County Hospital, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Larson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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35
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Vallet SD, Berthollier C, Ricard-Blum S. The glycosaminoglycan interactome 2.0. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1271-C1278. [PMID: 35544698 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00095.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are complex linear polysaccharides, which are covalently attached to core proteins (except for hyaluronan) to form proteoglycans. They play key roles in the organization of the extracellular matrix, and at the cell surface where they contribute to the regulation of cell signaling and of cell adhesion. To explore the mechanisms and pathways underlying their functions, we have generated an expanded dataset of 4290 interactions corresponding to 3464 unique GAG-binding proteins, four times more than the first version of the GAG interactome (Vallet and Ricard-Blum, 2021 J Histochem Cytochem 69:93-104). The increased size of the GAG network is mostly due to the addition of GAG-binding proteins captured from cell lysates and biological fluids by affinity chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry. We review here the interaction repertoire of natural GAGs and of synthetic sulfated hyaluronan, the specificity and molecular functions of GAG-binding proteins, and the biological processes and pathways they are involved in. This dataset is also used to investigate the differences between proteins binding to iduronic acid-containing GAGs (dermatan sulfate and heparin/heparan sulfate) and those interacting with GAGs lacking iduronic acid (chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronan, and keratan sulfate).
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Basu A, Patel NG, Nicholson ED, Weiss RJ. Spatiotemporal diversity and regulation of glycosaminoglycans in cell homeostasis and human disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C849-C864. [PMID: 35294848 PMCID: PMC9037703 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00085.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, linear polysaccharides that are ubiquitously expressed on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix of all animal cells. These complex carbohydrates play important roles in many cellular processes and have been implicated in many disease states, including cancer, inflammation, and genetic disorders. GAGs are among the most complex molecules in biology with enormous information content and extensive structural and functional heterogeneity. GAG biosynthesis is a nontemplate-driven process facilitated by a large group of biosynthetic enzymes that have been extensively characterized over the past few decades. Interestingly, the expression of the enzymes and the consequent structure and function of the polysaccharide chains can vary temporally and spatially during development and under certain pathophysiological conditions, suggesting their assembly is tightly regulated in cells. Due to their many key roles in cell homeostasis and disease, there is much interest in targeting the assembly and function of GAGs as a therapeutic approach. Recent advances in genomics and GAG analytical techniques have pushed the field and generated new perspectives on the regulation of mammalian glycosylation. This review highlights the spatiotemporal diversity of GAGs and the mechanisms guiding their assembly and function in human biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Basu
- 1Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Neil G. Patel
- 1Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia,2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Elijah D. Nicholson
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Ryan J. Weiss
- 1Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia,2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Molecular Dynamics Approaches Dissect Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Methylene Blue-Glycosaminoglycan Interactions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092654. [PMID: 35566005 PMCID: PMC9105714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of periodic anionic linear polysaccharides involved in a number of biologically relevant processes in the extracellular matrix via interactions with various types of molecules including proteins, peptides and small organic molecules. The metachromatic dye methylene blue (MB) is a GAG binding agent. This molecule possesses a tricyclic, monocationic phenothiazine ring system, while the terminal methyl groups attached to the nitrogen atoms bear the most positive charges of the cation and, therefore, represent potential binding sites for negatively charged GAGs. In this study, we rigorously explored molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions for several GAG types: heparin, heparan and chondroitin sulfates. We found that GAG-MB interactions are predominantly electrostatically driven, with the particularly important role of sulfate groups. MB oligomeric stack formation was favored in the presence of GAGs. Furthermore, the impact of MB binding on the conformation of GAGs was also evaluated. The novel results allow for better quantitative analytics of GAG composition in the studied biochemical systems using MB dye as a GAG-specific marker. Our data add to the knowledge on small molecule-GAG interactions and could be potentially useful for novel developments in drug design and putative disease therapies in which GAGs are involved.
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Kaczor-Kamińska M, Kamiński K, Wróbel M. Heparan Sulfate, Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB and Sulfur Metabolism Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040678. [PMID: 35453363 PMCID: PMC9026333 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis, type IIIB (MPS IIIB) is a rare disease caused by mutations in the N-alpha-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) gene resulting in decreased or absent enzyme activity. On the cellular level, the disorder is characterized by the massive lysosomal storage of heparan sulfate (HS)—one species of glycosaminoglycans. HS is a sulfur-rich macromolecule, and its accumulation should affect the turnover of total sulfur in cells; according to the studies presented here, it, indeed, does. The lysosomal degradation of HS in cells produces monosaccharides and inorganic sulfate (SO42−). Sulfate is a product of L-cysteine metabolism, and any disruption of its levels affects the entire L-cysteine catabolism pathway, which was first reported in 2019. It is known that L-cysteine level is elevated in cells with the Naglu−/− gene mutation and in selected tissues of individuals with MPS IIIB. The level of glutathione and the Naglu−/− cells’ antioxidant potential are significantly reduced, as well as the activity of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST, EC 2.8.1.2) and the level of sulfane sulfur-containing compounds. The direct reason is not yet known. This paper attempts to identify some of cause-and-effect correlations that may lead to this condition and identifies research directions that should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kaczor-Kamińska
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-422-7400
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Maria Wróbel
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
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