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Strehle LD, Otto-Dobos LD, Grant CV, Glasper ER, Pyter LM. Microglia contribute to mammary tumor-induced neuroinflammation in a female mouse model. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23419. [PMID: 38236370 PMCID: PMC10832463 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301580rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Following diagnosis but before treatment, up to 30% of breast cancer patients report behavioral side effects (e.g., anxiety, depression, memory impairment). Our rodent mammary tumor model recapitulates aspects of these behavioral sequelae, as well as elevated circulating and brain inflammatory mediators. Neuroinflammation is a proposed mechanism underlying the etiology of mood disorders and cognitive deficits, and therefore may be contributing to tumor-associated behavioral side effects. The cellular mechanisms by which tumor-induced neuroinflammation occurs remain unknown, making targeted treatment approaches inaccessible. Here, we tested the hypotheses that microglia are the primary cells driving tumor-induced neuroinflammation and behavioral side effects. Young adult female BALB/c mice were induced with a 67NR mammary tumor; tumor-free controls underwent a sham surgery. Mammary tumors increased IBA1+ and GFAP+ staining in the amygdala and hippocampus relative to tumor-free controls. However, tumors did not alter gene expression of Percoll-enriched microglia isolated from the whole brain. While cognitive, social, and anhedonia-like behaviors were not altered in tumor-bearing mice, tumors increased central tendency in the open-field test; microglia depletion did not reverse this effect. Brain region RT-qPCR data indicated that microglia depletion attenuated tumor-induced elevations of neuroinflammatory gene expression in a region- and mediator-specific manner. These results indicate a causal role of microglia in tumor-induced neuroinflammation. This research advances our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying tumor-induced neuroinflammation in order to understand how brain responses (e.g., behavior) may be altered with subsequent cancer-related immune challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D. Strehle
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lauren D. Otto-Dobos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Corena V. Grant
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Erica R. Glasper
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leah M. Pyter
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Laaker CJ, Cantelon C, Davis AB, Lloyd KR, Agyeman N, Hiltz AR, Smith BL, Konsman JP, Reyes TM. Early life cancer and chemotherapy lead to cognitive deficits related to alterations in microglial-associated gene expression in prefrontal cortex. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:176-188. [PMID: 37468114 PMCID: PMC10529696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Children that survive leukemia are at an increased risk for cognitive difficulties. A better understanding of the neurobiological changes in response to early life chemotherapy will help develop therapeutic strategies to improve quality of life for leukemia survivors. To that end, we used a translationally-relevant mouse model consisting of leukemic cell line (L1210) injection into postnatal day (P)19 mice followed by methotrexate, vincristine, and leucovorin chemotherapy. Beginning one week after the end of chemotherapy, social behavior, recognition memory and executive function (using the 5 choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT)) were tested in male and female mice. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC) were collected at the conclusion of behavioral assays for gene expression analysis. Mice exposed to early life cancer + chemotherapy were slower to progress through increasingly difficult stages of the 5CSRTT and showed an increase in premature errors, indicating impulsive action. A cluster of microglial-related genes in the PFC were found to be associated with performance in the 5CSRTT and acquisition of the operant response, and long-term changes in gene expression were evident in both PFC and HPC. This work identifies gene expression changes in PFC and HPC that may underlie cognitive deficits in survivors of early life exposure to cancer + chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin J Laaker
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Claire Cantelon
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alyshia B Davis
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelsey R Lloyd
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nana Agyeman
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam R Hiltz
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brittany L Smith
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jan Pieter Konsman
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Teresa M Reyes
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Otto-Dobos LD, Santos JC, Strehle LD, Grant CV, Simon LA, Oliver B, Godbout JP, Sheridan JF, Barrientos RM, Glasper ER, Pyter LM. The role of microglia in 67NR mammary tumor-induced suppression of brain responses to immune challenges in female mice. J Neurochem 2023:10.1111/jnc.15830. [PMID: 37084026 PMCID: PMC10589388 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
It is poorly understood how solid peripheral tumors affect brain neuroimmune responses despite the various brain-mediated side effects and higher rates of infection reported in cancer patients. We hypothesized that chronic low-grade peripheral tumor-induced inflammation conditions microglia to drive suppression of neuroinflammatory responses to a subsequent peripheral immune challenge. Here, Balb/c murine mammary tumors attenuated the microglial inflammatory gene expression responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and live Escherichia coli (E. coli) challenges and the fatigue response to an E. coli infection. In contrast, the inflammatory gene expression in response to LPS or a toll-like receptor 2 agonist of Percoll-enriched primary microglia cultures was comparable between tumor-bearing and -free mice, as were the neuroinflammatory and sickness behavioral responses to an intracerebroventricular interleukin (IL)-1β injection. These data led to the hypothesis that Balb/c mammary tumors blunt the neuroinflammatory responses to an immune challenge via a mechanism involving tumor suppression of the peripheral humoral response. Balb/c mammary tumors modestly attenuated select circulating cytokine responses to LPS and E. coli challenges. Further, a second mammary tumor/mouse strain model (E0771 tumors in C57Bl/6 mice) displayed mildly elevated inflammatory responses to an immune challenge. Taken together, these data indicate that tumor-induced suppression of neuroinflammation and sickness behaviors may be driven by a blunted microglial phenotype, partly because of an attenuated peripheral signal to the brain, which may contribute to infection responses and behavioral side effects reported in cancer patients. Finally, these neuroimmune effects likely vary based on tumor type and/or host immune phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Otto-Dobos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - J C Santos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - L D Strehle
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - C V Grant
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - L A Simon
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - B Oliver
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - J P Godbout
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - J F Sheridan
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Biosciences College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - R M Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - E R Glasper
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - L M Pyter
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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