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Smits-Engelsman B, Denysschen M, Lust J, Coetzee D, Valtr L, Schoemaker M, Verbecque E. Which outcomes are key to the pre-intervention assessment profile of a child with developmental coordination disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed J 2024:100768. [PMID: 39032866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Purpose of this study was to determine what key aspects of function should be incorporated to make up a pre-intervention assessment profile of a child with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD); more specifically, what aspects of functioning are implicated in DCD and what is their relative impact? METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, for which Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Proquest were searched (last update: April 2023, PROSPERO: CRD42023461619). Case-control studies were included to determine point estimates for performances on field-based tests in different domains of functioning. Risk of bias was assessed, and level of evidence estimated. Random-effect meta-analyses were performed to calculate the pooled standardized mean differences for domains of functioning and subgrouping was done for clinically relevant subdomains. Heterogeneity was determined with I2. RESULTS 121 papers were included for analyses. Data of 5 923 children with DCD were included (59.8% boys) and 23 619 Typically Developing (TD) children (45.8% boys). The mean (SD) age of the DCD group was 10.3y (1.2) and 9.3y (1.3) for the TD children. Moderate evidence was found for motor performance, executive functions, sensory processing and perceptions, cognitive functions and sports and leisure activities to be affected in children with DCD. CONCLUSION Differences between the two groups varied per domain of functioning. This emphasizes the diversity present within children with DCD and provides a rationale for explaining the heterogeneity in this patient group. Yet, results highlight the potential involvement of all these domains and call for clinicians to be alert not only to examine motor skill difficulties but also other aspects of function. Results indicate the need to develop an individualized pre-intervention multi-dimensional assessment profile for each child with DCD. It also supports the important role that clinicians play in an interdisciplinary team to tackle the difficulties encountered by children with DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouwien Smits-Engelsman
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, (PhASRec, focus area, Faculty Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Marisja Denysschen
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, (PhASRec, focus area, Faculty Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jessica Lust
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Dané Coetzee
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, (PhASRec, focus area, Faculty Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ludvik Valtr
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Marina Schoemaker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Centre for Human Movement Sciences, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Evi Verbecque
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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2
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Gomez A, Gonzalez-Monge S, Huron C, Mazza S. Unravelling neurodevelopmental complexity of motor profiles and attention in developmental coordination disorder. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:279-280. [PMID: 37861226 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
This commentary is on the original article by Bonthrone et al. on pages 362–378 of this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gomez
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, University of Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Sibylle Gonzalez-Monge
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, University of Lyon, Bron, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Service de rééducation pédiatrique, Centre de référence trouble des apprentissages, Bron, France
| | - Caroline Huron
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, System Engineering and Evolution Dynamics, Paris, France
- Learning Planet Institute, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Mazza
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, University of Lyon, Bron, France
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3
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Belli A, Breda M, Di Maggio C, Esposito D, Marcucci L, Bruni O. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders: how do they sleep? Curr Opin Psychiatry 2022; 35:345-351. [PMID: 35165244 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review we summarized the available evidence on sleep disorders in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in particular: intellectual disability (including some genetic conditions such as Prader-Willi Syndrome, Smith-Magenis Syndrome), Autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Developmental Coordination Disorder, language disorders, and specific learning disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Children with NDDs frequently suffer from sleep disturbances, with a higher prevalence than that of the general pediatric population. SUMMARY These problems tend to be chronic and may cause additional cognitive and behavioral difficulties, often affecting the whole family's well-being. Sleep behaviors are also related to other important developmental skills, such as attention and listening. Investigating sleep disorders in children with NDDs is therefore crucial in clinical practice. For a systematic approach in clinical practice, we propose the use of a short and easy to remember sleep screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Belli
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences
| | - Maria Breda
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences
| | - Chiara Di Maggio
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences
- PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology
| | - Dario Esposito
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences
| | - Lavinia Marcucci
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences
| | - Oliviero Bruni
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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4
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van Kooten JAMC, Jacobse STW, Heymans MW, de Vries R, Kaspers GJL, van Litsenburg RRL. A meta-analysis of accelerometer sleep outcomes in healthy children based on the Sadeh algorithm: the influence of child and device characteristics. Sleep 2021; 44:5960427. [PMID: 33161428 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Children often experience sleep problems, with a negative impact on mood, behavior, cognitive function, and other aspects of mental and physical health. Accelerometers are widely used to assess sleep, but general reference values for healthy children do not yet exist. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine mean values for wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency (SE), total sleep time (TST) and sleep onset latency (SOL), and to determine the effect of child and accelerometer-characteristics. METHODS A search included studies with healthy children, 0-18 years, reporting WASO, SE, TST, and/or SOL, calculated with the Sadeh algorithm. Meta-analyses with random effects produced pooled estimate means per outcome. Meta-regression analyses determined the effect of age, sex, placement site and accelerometer type. RESULTS Eighty-three studies (9,068 participants) were included. Pooled means were 63 min (95% CI 57 to 69) for WASO, 88% (95% CI 87 to 89) for SE, 477 min (95% CI 464 to 491) for TST and 19 min (95% CI 17 to 22) for SOL. Heterogeneity was high (95%-99%). TST decreased with age and there was an age-effect on SOL. SE differed between wrist and ankle (used in age 0-24 months) placement, and between piezoelectric and MEMS-type accelerometers. No differences were found between boys and girls, although this number of studies was small. CONCLUSIONS We found differences in almost all investigated outcomes and heterogeneity was high. Therefore, we advise to use a study-specific control sample until more robust reference values are available. Future research should narrow the methodological heterogeneity and produce larger datasets, needed to establish these reference values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jojanneke A M C van Kooten
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sofie T W Jacobse
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn W Heymans
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ralph de Vries
- University Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raphaële R L van Litsenburg
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Moulding HA, Bartsch U, Hall J, Jones MW, Linden DE, Owen MJ, van den Bree MBM. Sleep problems and associations with psychopathology and cognition in young people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). Psychol Med 2020; 50:1191-1202. [PMID: 31144615 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) are at high risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Sleep problems may play a role in this risk but their prevalence, nature and links to psychopathology and cognitive function remain undescribed in this population. METHOD Sleep problems, psychopathology, developmental coordination and cognitive function were assessed in 140 young people with 22q11.2DS (mean age = 10.1, s.d. = 2.46) and 65 unaffected sibling controls (mean age = 10.8, s.d.SD = 2.26). Primary carers completed questionnaires screening for the children's developmental coordination and autism spectrum disorder. RESULTS Sleep problems were identified in 60% of young people with 22q11.2DS compared to 23% of sibling controls (OR 5.00, p < 0.001). Two patterns best-described sleep problems in 22q11.2DS: restless sleep and insomnia. Restless sleep was linked to increased ADHD symptoms (OR 1.16, p < 0.001) and impaired executive function (OR 0.975, p = 0.013). Both patterns were associated with elevated symptoms of anxiety disorder (restless sleep: OR 1.10, p = 0.006 and insomnia: OR 1.07, p = 0.045) and developmental coordination disorder (OR 0.968, p = 0.0023, and OR 0.955, p = 0.009). The insomnia pattern was also linked to elevated conduct disorder symptoms (OR 1.53, p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS Clinicians and carers should be aware that sleep problems are common in 22q11.2DS and index psychiatric risk, cognitive deficits and motor coordination problems. Future studies should explore the physiology of sleep and the links with the neurodevelopment in these young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Moulding
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - U Bartsch
- School Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, BS8 1TD, UK
- Lilly UK, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, UK
| | - J Hall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - M W Jones
- School Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - D E Linden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - M J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - M B M van den Bree
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
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Mancini VO, Althorpe KE, Chen W. Do motor coordination and sleep difficulties predict peer functioning in children and adolescents with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder after accounting for existing ADHD symptomology? BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 38:442-457. [PMID: 32167193 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely to experience peer problems compared to their non-ADHD peers, though ADHD-specific symptoms only partially explain this association. This study examined whether sleep difficulties and motor coordination problems are additional predictors of peer problems in an ADHD population. An ADHD sample of 72 participants aged 6-14 years (M = 9.86 years, SD = 1.79 years) was evaluated for an association of peer problems with measures of motor coordination, sleep difficulties as well as ADHD and comorbidity symptoms. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis (HMRA) was used to test the current study aims. Motor coordination, but not sleep difficulties, predicted additional variance in peer problems after controlling for inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, internalizing problems, oppositionality, and conduct problems. Poor motor coordination predicts peer problems beyond ADHD symptoms. Clinicians seeking to improve peer functioning in children with ADHD should also consider motor coordination difficulties in addition to existing treatment strategies. Statement of contribution What is already known Children with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience greater peer problems (i.e., making friends, being victimized, participating in play) than their typically developing peers. Previous studies have attributed this association between ADHD and peer problems to the symptoms of ADHD (i.e., inattention and/or hyperactivity) disrupting the typical trajectory of social development. However, quantitative studies have identified that symptoms of ADHD predict only portion of the variance in a child's peer problems - highlighting that there may be other unique factors that contribute to the higher incidence of peer problems typically observed in this population. What this study adds This study tested whether additional theoretically relevant factors could predict levels of peer problems in children with ADHD beyond the primary symptoms of the disorder. Internalizing symptomatology, conduct problems, oppositionality, motor coordination, and sleep difficulties were added to a regression model already including inattention and hyperactivity symptoms. These factors explained 51% of the variability in peer problems. In this sample of 72 ADHD children, the results of the final model highlighted that only motor coordination and conduct problems remained significant predictors of peer problems - highlighting two potentially important target areas for screening and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent O Mancini
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Department of Health, Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders (CAHDS), Perth, Western Australia, USA.,Discipline of Psychological Sciences, Australian College of Applied Psychology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn E Althorpe
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Department of Health, Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders (CAHDS), Perth, Western Australia, USA
| | - Wai Chen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Department of Health, Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders (CAHDS), Perth, Western Australia, USA.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Paediatrics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, USA
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7
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Chénier-Leduc G, Béliveau MJ, Dubois-Comtois K, Butler B, Berthiaume C, Pennestri MH. Sleep Difficulties in Preschoolers with Psychiatric Diagnoses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4485. [PMID: 31739470 PMCID: PMC6888178 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sleep problems among preschoolers are highly prevalent. Given the impact of poor sleep quality on development, this relationship is particularly relevant in vulnerable populations but is less documented. This study aims to document parental perception of sleep problems in preschoolers assessed in a psychiatric clinic, as a function of diagnosis type. Methods: Children (14-71 months, n = 228) were evaluated by a psychiatrist, and diagnoses were pooled into four categories: behavioral disorders, relational disorders/psychosocial problems, developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and communication disorders. Sleep problems were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results: In this clinical sample of preschoolers, 21.6% of children were identified as having a sleep problem by their parents. Behavioral disorders and communication disorders were associated with increased parental report of sleep problems (respectively, trouble falling asleep and nighttime awakenings), while DCD was associated with lower parental report of sleep problems (fewer nighttime awakenings and less difficulty falling asleep) (p < 0.05). Relational disorders were not associated with parental reports of sleep difficulties (p > 0.05). Moreover, some psychiatric categories were associated with specific sleep symptoms (such as difficulty falling asleep and night awakenings). Conclusion: Parents of preschoolers with behavioral disorders and communication disorders are more likely to report sleep problems in their children than parents of preschoolers with DCD and relational disorders. Since different categories of psychiatric disorders are associated with specific types of sleep complaints, screening, and treatment should be adapted accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Chénier-Leduc
- Department of psychology, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, C. P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (G.C.-L.); (M.-J.B.)
- Hôpital en santé mentale Rivière-des-Prairies, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, 7070 Boulevard Perras, Montréal, QC H1E 1A4, Canada; (K.D.-C.); (B.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Marie-Julie Béliveau
- Department of psychology, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, C. P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (G.C.-L.); (M.-J.B.)
- Hôpital en santé mentale Rivière-des-Prairies, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, 7070 Boulevard Perras, Montréal, QC H1E 1A4, Canada; (K.D.-C.); (B.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Karine Dubois-Comtois
- Hôpital en santé mentale Rivière-des-Prairies, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, 7070 Boulevard Perras, Montréal, QC H1E 1A4, Canada; (K.D.-C.); (B.B.); (C.B.)
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Bryan Butler
- Hôpital en santé mentale Rivière-des-Prairies, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, 7070 Boulevard Perras, Montréal, QC H1E 1A4, Canada; (K.D.-C.); (B.B.); (C.B.)
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Education Building, Room 614, 3700 McTavish Street, Montréal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada
| | - Claude Berthiaume
- Hôpital en santé mentale Rivière-des-Prairies, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, 7070 Boulevard Perras, Montréal, QC H1E 1A4, Canada; (K.D.-C.); (B.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Marie-Hélène Pennestri
- Hôpital en santé mentale Rivière-des-Prairies, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, 7070 Boulevard Perras, Montréal, QC H1E 1A4, Canada; (K.D.-C.); (B.B.); (C.B.)
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Education Building, Room 614, 3700 McTavish Street, Montréal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada
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Esposito M, Precenzano F, Bitetti I, Zeno I, Merolla E, Risoleo MC, Lanzara V, Carotenuto M. Sleep Macrostructure and NREM Sleep Instability Analysis in Pediatric Developmental Coordination Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193716. [PMID: 31581629 PMCID: PMC6801607 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is considered to be abnormal motor skills learning, identified by clumsiness, slowness, and/or motor inaccuracy impairing the daily-life activities in all ages of life, in the absence of sensory, cognitive, or neurological deficits impairment. The present research focuses on studying DCD sleep structure and Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) parameters with a full overnight polysomnography and to study the putative correlations between sleep architecture and CAP parameters with motor coordination skills. The study was a cross-sectional design involving 42 children (26M/16F; mean age 10.12 ± 1.98) selected as a DCD group compared with 79 children (49M/30F; mean age 9.94 ± 2.84) identified as typical (no-DCD) for motor ability and sleep macrostructural parameters according to the MABC-2 and polysomnographic (PSG) evaluations. The two groups (DCD and non-DCD) were similar for age (p = 0.715) and gender (p = 0.854). More significant differences in sleep architecture and CAP parameters were found between two groups and significant correlations were identified between sleep parameters and motor coordination skills in the study population. In conclusion, our data show relevant abnormalities in sleep structure of DCD children and suggest a role for rapid components of A phases on motor coordination development
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Esposito
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," via Sergio Pansini 5, 80100 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Precenzano
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," via Sergio Pansini 5, 80100 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Bitetti
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," via Sergio Pansini 5, 80100 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Zeno
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," via Sergio Pansini 5, 80100 Naples, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Merolla
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," via Sergio Pansini 5, 80100 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Risoleo
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," via Sergio Pansini 5, 80100 Naples, Italy.
| | - Valentina Lanzara
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," via Sergio Pansini 5, 80100 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Carotenuto
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," via Sergio Pansini 5, 80100 Naples, Italy.
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9
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Brazendale K, Beets MW, Weaver RG, Pate RR, Turner-McGrievy GM, Kaczynski AT, Chandler JL, Bohnert A, von Hippel PT. Understanding differences between summer vs. school obesogenic behaviors of children: the structured days hypothesis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:100. [PMID: 28747186 PMCID: PMC5530518 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the scientific community has acknowledged modest improvements can be made to weight status and obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary/screen time, diet, and sleep) during the school year, studies suggests improvements are erased as elementary-age children are released to summer vacation. Emerging evidence shows children return to school after summer vacation displaying accelerated weight gain compared to the weight gained occurring during the school year. Understanding how summer days differ from when children are in school is, therefore, essential. DISCUSSION There is limited evidence on the etiology of accelerated weight gain during summer, with few studies comparing obesogenic behaviors on the same children during school and summer. For many children, summer days may be analogous to weekend days throughout the school year. Weekend days are often limited in consistent and formal structure, and thus differ from school days where segmented, pre-planned, restrictive, and compulsory components exist that shape obesogenic behaviors. The authors hypothesize that obesogenic behaviors are beneficially regulated when children are exposed to a structured day (i.e., school weekday) compared to what commonly occurs during summer. This is referred to as the 'Structured Days Hypothesis' (SDH). To illustrate how the SDH operates, this study examines empirical data that compares weekend day (less-structured) versus weekday (structured) obesogenic behaviors in U.S. elementary school-aged children. From 190 studies, 155 (~80%) demonstrate elementary-aged children's obesogenic behaviors are more unfavorable during weekend days compared to weekdays. CONCLUSION In light of the SDH, consistent evidence demonstrates the structured environment of weekdays may help to protect children by regulating obesogenic behaviors, most likely through compulsory physical activity opportunities, restricting caloric intake, reducing screen time occasions, and regulating sleep schedules. Summer is emerging as the critical period where childhood obesity prevention efforts need to be focused. The SDH can help researchers understand the drivers of obesogenic behaviors during summer and lead to innovative intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Brazendale
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, 1st Floor Suite, Room 131, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Michael W. Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, 1st Floor Suite, Room 131, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - R. Glenn Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, 1st Floor Suite, Room 131, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Russell R. Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, 1st Floor Suite, Room 131, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Gabrielle M. Turner-McGrievy
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29201 USA
| | - Andrew T. Kaczynski
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29201 USA
| | - Jessica L. Chandler
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Nursing, 99 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Amy Bohnert
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60626 USA
| | - Paul T. von Hippel
- The University of Texas at Austin, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, 2300 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712 USA
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