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Incognito GG, Grassi L, Palumbo M. Use of cigarettes and heated tobacco products during pregnancy and maternal-fetal outcomes: a retrospective, monocentric study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:1981-1989. [PMID: 37341854 PMCID: PMC11018649 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07101-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of using heated tobacco products (HTP) or traditional cigarettes (C) on maternal and neonatal outcomes. METHODS This is a retrospective, monocentric study conducted at San Marco Hospital from July 2021 to July 2022. We compared a cohort of pregnant patients who smoked HTP (HS), with pregnant women smoking cigarettes (CS), ex-smoker (ES) and non-smoker (NS) pregnant women. Biochemistry, ultrasound, and neonatal evaluations were performed. RESULTS In total, 642 women were enrolled, of which 270 were NS, 114 were ES, 120 were CS, and 138 were HS. CS had the greatest weight gain and had more difficulty getting pregnant. Smokers and ES experienced more frequently threats of preterm labor, miscarriages, temporary hypertensive spikes, and higher rates of cesarean sections. Preterm delivery was more associated with CS and HS groups. CS and HS had lower awareness of the risks to which the mother and the fetus are exposed. CS were more likely to be depressed and anxious. Biochemical parameters did not show significant differences between the groups. CS had the greatest difference in days between the gestational age calculated based on the last menstrual period and the one based on the actual ultrasound age. The average percentile newborn weight range of CS was lower, as well as the mean 1st minute and the 5th minute Apgar scores. CONCLUSION The comparison of the data obtained between CS and HS underlines the greater danger of C. Nevertheless, we do not recommend HTP because the maternal-fetal outcomes are not superimposable to the NS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giosuè Giordano Incognito
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Laura Grassi
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Palumbo
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95125, Catania, Italy
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2
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Shankar K, Ramborger J, Bonnet-Zahedi S, Carrette LLG, George O. Acute nicotine intake increases feeding behavior through decreasing glucagon signaling in dependent male and female rats. Horm Behav 2024; 159:105447. [PMID: 37926623 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic use of nicotine is known to dysregulate metabolic signaling through altering circulating levels of feeding-related hormones, contributing to the onset of disorders like type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about the acute effects of nicotine on hormonal signaling. We previously identified an acute increase in food intake following acute nicotine, and we sought to determine whether this behavior was due to a change in hormone levels. We first identified that acute nicotine injection produces an increase in feeding behavior in dependent rats, but not nondependent rats. We confirmed that chronic nicotine use increases circulating levels of insulin, leptin, and ghrelin, and these correlate with rats' body weight and food intake. Acute nicotine injection in dependent animals decreased circulating GLP-1 and glucagon levels, and administration of glucagon prior to acute nicotine injection prevented the acute increase in feeding behavior. Thus, acute nicotine injection increases feeding behavior in dependent rats by decreasing glucagon signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokila Shankar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jarryd Ramborger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sélène Bonnet-Zahedi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Lieselot L G Carrette
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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3
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Ortegon S, Giner P, Cruz B, Carcoba LM, Clapp B, Clegg DJ, O'Dell LE. Effectiveness of pharmacotherapies for diabetes on nicotine, food, and water intake in insulin-resistant rats. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2024; 3:11812. [PMID: 38389818 PMCID: PMC10880793 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2023.11812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The intersectionality between diabetes medications and nicotine consumption was assessed in female and male rats. Briefly, the rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or regular diet (RD) for 4 weeks. Then separate groups received vehicle or a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ; 25 mg/kg). Three days later, insulin resistance was assessed by measuring plasma glucose levels for 180 min following an injection of insulin (0.75 U/kg). The rats were then prepared with jugular catheters, and they were given 23 h access to nicotine intravenous self-administration (IVSA) in 4 days cycles with 3 days of forced abstinence in their home cages where they consumed their respective diet. During the IVSA sessions, operant responses for food and water and changes in body weight were recorded. Prior to administration of the pharmacotherapies, the rats were given access to two doses of nicotine (0.015 then 0.03 mg/kg for the remainder of the study). Then, daily injections of the pharmacotherapies were given at the onset of dark cycle (6 p.m.) in the following order: 1) dapagliflozin (3.0 then 10.0 mg/kg), 2) insulin (0.75 U/kg twice), and 3) bromocriptine (3.0 then 10.0 mg/kg). The results suggest that our HFD+STZ regiment induced insulin resistance in female and male rats. Also, the HFD-fed rats displayed higher nicotine intake than RD controls, regardless of sex. Administration of insulin, but not dapagliflozin or bromocriptine, normalized nicotine intake in HFD-fed rats to control levels. These results have clinical implications regarding the potential efficacy of insulin to control excessive nicotine intake in persons with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ortegon
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Priscilla Giner
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Bryan Cruz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Luis M Carcoba
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Benjamin Clapp
- Texas Tech University Health Science Center-El Paso, Paul Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Texas Tech University Health Science Center-El Paso, Paul Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Laura E O'Dell
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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4
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Sun Q, Wang H, Yang M, Xia H, Wu Y, Liu Q, Tang H. miR-153-3p via PIK3R1 Is Involved in Cigarette Smoke-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Brain. TOXICS 2023; 11:969. [PMID: 38133370 PMCID: PMC10747656 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cigarettes contain various chemicals that cause damage to nerve cells. Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) causes insulin resistance (IR) in nerve cells. However, the mechanisms for a disorder in the cigarette-induced insulin signaling pathway and in neurotoxicity remain unclear. Therefore, we evaluated, by a series of pathology analyses and behavioral tests, the neurotoxic effects of chronic exposure to CS on C57BL/6 mice. Mice exposed to CS with more than 200 mg/m3 total particulate matter (TPM) exhibited memory deficits and cognitive impairment. Pathological staining of paraffin sections of mouse brain tissue revealed that CS-exposed mice had, in the brain, neuronal damage characterized by thinner pyramidal and granular cell layers and fewer neurons. Further, the exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) resulted in diminished insulin sensitivity and reduced glucose uptake in a dose-dependent fashion. The PI3K/GSK3 insulin signaling pathway is particularly relevant to neurotoxicity. microRNAs are involved in the PI3K/GSK3β/p-Tau pathway, and we found that cigarette exposure activates miR-153-3p, decreases PI3K regulatory subunits PIK3R1, and induces Tau hyperphosphorylation. Exposure to an miR-153 inhibitor or to a PI3K inhibitor alleviated the reduced insulin sensitivity caused by CS. Therefore, our results indicate that miR-153-3p, via PIK3R1, causes insulin resistance in the brain, and is involved in CS-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; (Q.S.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (H.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Mingxue Yang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; (Q.S.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Haibo Xia
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (H.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Yao Wu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; (Q.S.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (H.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; (Q.S.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
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5
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Kechter A, Wong M, Mason TB, Tackett AP, Smith CE, Leventhal AM, Dunton GF, Barrington-Trimis JL. E-cigarette weight and appetite control beliefs and e-cigarette initiation in young adults. Health Psychol 2023; 42:668-673. [PMID: 37347927 PMCID: PMC10527852 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
E-cigarette use has increased among young adults, and emerging research suggests a subset of young adults report using e-cigarettes for appetite control/weight loss. The current article examined the association of e-cigarette weight control beliefs with subsequent e-cigarette initiation. Data were collected via online surveys from a prospective cohort study of young adults in Southern California (N = 1,368) at baseline (May-October 2020; M [SD]age = 21.2 [0.4]) and 6 months later (January-May 2021). Binary logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of e-cigarette weight control beliefs (i.e., perceptions that e-cigarettes help people lose weight and satisfy hunger and desire to eat unhealthy foods) with new onset e-cigarette use at follow-up. All models were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. Among individuals who had never used e-cigarettes at baseline, those who agreed (vs. disagreed) that e-cigarettes help people lose weight had more than three times the odds of initiating e-cigarette use by follow-up (OR [95% CI]: 3.24 [1.52, 6.62]). Similarly, those who agreed (vs. disagreed) that vaping certain e-cigarette flavors help satisfy hunger and desire to eat unhealthy foods had more than twice the odds of initiating e-cigarette use by follow-up (OR [95% CI]: 2.40 [1.15, 4.82]). Findings highlight that e-cigarette weight control beliefs are an important risk factor for vaping initiation. Future interventions and policies aiming to prevent vaping among young adults should address e-cigarette weight control beliefs and long-term health consequences from related use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Afton Kechter
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Melissa Wong
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Alayna P Tackett
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Caitlin E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
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Li H, Zhao J, Liang J, Song X. Exploring causal effects of smoking and alcohol related lifestyle factors on self-report tiredness: A Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287027. [PMID: 37327227 PMCID: PMC10275431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-reported tiredness or low energy, often referred to as fatigue, has been linked to lifestyle factors, although data from randomized-controlled trials are lacking. We investigate whether modifiable lifestyle factors including smoking and alcohol intake related exposures (SAIEs) are causal factors for fatigue using Mendelian randomization (MR). A two-sample MR study was performed by using genome-wide association summary results from UK Biobank (UKBB), and each of the sample size is more than 100,000. We used the inverse variance weighted method, and sensitivity analyses (MR Egger, weighted median, penalized median estimators, and multivariable MR) to account for pleiotropy. The two-sample MR analyses showed inverse causal effect of never-smoking status and positive effect of current smoking status on the risk of fatigue. Similarly, genetically predicted alcoholic intake was positively associated with fatigue. The results were consistent across the different MR methods. Our Mendelian randomization analyses do support that the cessation of smoking and alcohol can decrease the risk of fatigue, and limit alcohol intake frequency can also reduce the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshan Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Junru Zhao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Harbin Huaqiang Power Automation Engineering Company Limited, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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7
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Vargas-Medrano J, Carcoba LM, Vidal Martinez G, Mulla ZD, Diaz V, Ruiz-Velasco A, Alvarez-Primo F, Colina G, Iñiguez SD, Thompson PM, O’Dell LE, Gadad BS. Sex and diet-dependent gene alterations in human and rat brains with a history of nicotine exposure. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1104563. [PMID: 36846236 PMCID: PMC9950561 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1104563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic nicotine exposure induces changes in the expression of key regulatory genes associated with metabolic function and neuronal alterations in the brain. Many bioregulatory genes have been associated with exposure to nicotine, but the modulating effects of sex and diet on gene expression in nicotine-exposed brains have been largely unexplored. Both humans and rodents display motivation for nicotine use and the emergence of withdrawal symptoms during abstinence. Research comparing pre-clinical models with human subjects provides an important opportunity to understand common biomarkers of the harmful effects of nicotine as well as information that may help guide the development of more effective interventions for nicotine cessation. Methods Human postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dLPFC) tissue BA9 was collected from female and male subjects, smokers and non-smokers (N = 12 per group). Rat frontal lobes were collected from female and male rats that received a regular diet (RD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) (N = 12 per group) for 14 days following implantation of a osmotic mini-pump (Alzet) that delivered nicotine continuously. Controls (control-s) received a sham surgical procedure. RNA was extracted from tissue from human and rat samples and reversed-transcribed to cDNA. Gene expression of CHRNA10 (Cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 10), CERKL (Ceramide Kinase-Like), SMYD1 (SET and MYD Domin Containing 1), and FA2H (Fatty Acid 2-Hydrolase) in humans was compared to rats in each subset of groups and quantified by qPCR methods. Additionally, protein expression of FA2H was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in human dLPFC. Results Humans with a history of smoking displayed decreased CHRNA10 (p = 0.0005), CERKL (p ≤ 0.0001), and SMYD1 (p = 0.0005) expression and increased FA2H (p = 0.0097) expression compared to non-smokers (p < 0.05). Similar patterns of results were observed in nicotine exposed vs. control rats. Interestingly, sex-related differences in gene expression for CERKL and FA2H were observed. In addition, ANCOVA analysis showed a significant effect of nicotine in a sex-different manner, including an increase in CERKL in male and female rats with RD or HFD. In rats exposed to an HFD, FA2H gene expression was lower in nicotine-treated rats compared to RD rats treated with nicotine. Protein expression of FA2H (p = 0.001) by IHC was significantly higher in smokers compared to non-smokers. Conclusion These results suggest that a history of long-term nicotine exposure in humans alters the expression of sphingolipid metabolism-related (CERKL, SMYD1, and FA2H) and neuronal (CHRNA10) marker genes similarly as compared to rats. Sex- and diet-dependent differences appear in nicotine-exposed rats, critical in regulating sphingolipid metabolism and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This research enhances the construct validity of rat models of nicotine usage by showing a similar pattern of changes in gene expression in human subjects with a smoking history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vargas-Medrano
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
- Southwest Brain Bank, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Luis M. Carcoba
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Guadalupe Vidal Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
- Southwest Brain Bank, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Zuber D. Mulla
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Victoria Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
- Southwest Brain Bank, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Alejandra Ruiz-Velasco
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
- Southwest Brain Bank, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Fabian Alvarez-Primo
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
- Southwest Brain Bank, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Gabriela Colina
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Sergio D. Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Peter M. Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
- Southwest Brain Bank, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Laura E. O’Dell
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Bharathi S. Gadad
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
- Southwest Brain Bank, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
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8
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Olszowy KM, Roome AB, Standard E, Tarivonda L, Taleo G, Dancause KN. Relationships of Tobacco Use and Kava Consumption to Sex-Associated Variation in Body Composition and Obesity Risk in Melanesian Adults From Vanuatu. Asia Pac J Public Health 2022; 34:634-642. [DOI: 10.1177/10105395221108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity prevalence has increased in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) over the past several decades, with generally greater occurrence among adult females compared with males. Gendered variation in health behaviors, such as substance use, may play a role in how differences in obesity, body size, and composition manifest in association with sex. This study examines sex-moderated relationships of tobacco smoking and kava consumption with body composition and obesity among 301 Ni-Vanuatu (local self-identification meaning “of Vanuatu”) adults. Data collected included self-reported frequency of substance use as well as anthropometric measurements to assess body mass, composition, and obesity. Tobacco and kava use were associated with reduced measurements of body mass and adiposity in males, and kava use was associated with some elevated measurements of body mass and hip circumference in females. Kava use was also negatively associated with obesity based on waist-to-height ratio among males. These results have implications for evaluation and future research on substance control programs in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Olszowy
- Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Amanda B. Roome
- Bassett Research Institute, Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital, Cooperstown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kelsey N. Dancause
- Département des sciences de l’activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Suzuki M, Wakayama R, Yamagata Z, Suzuki K. Effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on gestational
weight gain and birthweight: A stratified analysis by
pregestational weight status. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:10. [PMID: 35125993 PMCID: PMC8796850 DOI: 10.18332/tid/143952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION METHODS RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Suzuki
- Nagoya Bunri Nutrition College, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Rei Wakayama
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kohta Suzuki
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
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10
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The emergence of insulin resistance following a chronic high-fat diet regimen coincides with an increase in the reinforcing effects of nicotine in a sex-dependent manner. Neuropharmacology 2021; 200:108787. [PMID: 34571112 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the sex-dependent effects of insulin resistance on the reinforcing effects of nicotine. Female and male rats received a chronic high-fat diet (HFD) or regular diet (RD) for 8 weeks. A subset of rats then received vehicle or a dose of streptozotocin (STZ; 25 mg/kg) that induces insulin resistance. To assess insulin resistance, glucose levels were measured 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after an insulin injection (0.75 U/kg). Nine days later, the rats were given extended access to intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of nicotine (0.015, 0.03, 0.06 mg/kg) in an operant box where they consumed their respective diet ad libitum and performed responses for water deliveries. Each nicotine dose was delivered for 4 days with 3 intermittent days of abstinence in their home cage. The day after the last IVSA session, physical signs were compared following administration of mecamylamine (3.0 mg/kg) to precipitate nicotine withdrawal. The results revealed that there were no changes in insulin resistance or nicotine intake in HFD alone rats regardless of sex. Insulin resistance was observed in HFD-fed rats that received STZ, and the magnitude of this effect was greater in males versus females. Our major finding was that nicotine intake was greater among HFD + STZ female rats as compared to males. Lastly, the physical signs of withdrawal were similar across all groups. Our results suggest that females diagnosed with disorders that disrupt insulin signaling, such as diabetes may be at risk of greater vulnerability to nicotine use due to enhanced reinforcing effects of this drug.
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11
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Römer P, Putzer AG, Kemmerich R, Mathes B. Effects of Prenatal Electronic Cigarette Exposure On Foetal Development: a Review of the Literature. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2021; 81:1224-1237. [PMID: 34754272 PMCID: PMC8568504 DOI: 10.1055/a-1524-5155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their market launch in 2007, e-cigarettes gained popularity and were considered a relatively safe alternative to traditional cigarettes. Pregnant women and women of childbearing age in particular are increasingly turning to e-cigarettes. Little is known about the effects of prenatal exposure on the affected foetus. This paper aims to provide an overview of the current research on the effects of prenatal e-cigarette exposure on the foetus. Since studies in humans are lacking to date, this review refers only to animal and in vitro analyses. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were used for an extensive literature search. The search yielded N = 17 significant research papers. Possible sequelae resulting from prenatal exposure to traditional cigarettes were also seen in prenatal exposure to e-cigarettes. Prenatal e-cigarette exposure was found to be associated with increased DNA methylation overall, resulting in lower gene expression. This could adversely impact the development of affected children, especially in case of those genes relevant to their development. In mice, for example, this greatly reduced the cell vitality of neural and stem cells and increased cell death. Further, prenatal exposure to e-cigarettes resulted in numerous developmental disorders, such as malformations of facial morphology and lower birth weight. Moreover, in animal models the animals suffered from a deterioration of their short-term memory. Activity and cognitive flexibility increased, while anxiety behaviour decreased. It is clear that more research and especially studies of humans are needed on this issue. In addition, there is a need for more intense education of prenatal care professionals as well as women of childbearing age and during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Römer
- Bremer Initiative to Foster Early Child Development, Department 11, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Amanda Goméz Putzer
- Bremer Initiative to Foster Early Child Development, Department 11, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Robin Kemmerich
- Bremer Initiative to Foster Early Child Development, Department 11, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Birgit Mathes
- Bremer Initiative to Foster Early Child Development, Department 11, University of Bremen, Germany
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12
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Chen X, Gu X, Li T, Liu Q, Xu L, Peng B, Wu N. Factors influencing smoking behaviour of online ride-hailing drivers in China: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1326. [PMID: 34229627 PMCID: PMC8259384 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online ride-hailing is a fast-developing new travel mode. However, tobacco control policies on its drivers remain underdeveloped. This study aims to reveal the status and determine the influencing factors of ride-hailing drivers' smoking behaviour to provide a basis for the formulation of tobacco control policies. METHODS We derived our cross-sectional data from an online survey of full-time ride-hailing drivers in China. We used a survey questionnaire to collect variables, including sociodemographic and work-related characteristics, health status, health behaviour, health literacy and smoking status. Finally, we analysed the influencing factors of current smoking by conducting chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 8990 ride-hailing drivers have participated in the survey, in which 5024 were current smokers, accounting to 55.9%. Nearly one-third of smokers smoked in their cars (32.2%). The logistic regression analysis results were as follows: male drivers (OR = 0.519, 95% CI [0.416, 0.647]), central regions (OR = 1.172, 95% CI [1.049, 1.309]) and eastern regions (OR = 1.330, 95% CI [1.194, 1.480]), working at both daytime and night (OR = 1.287, 95% CI [1.164, 1.424]) and non-fixed time (OR = 0.847, 95% CI [0.718, 0.999]), ages of 35-54 years (OR = 0.585, 95% CI [0.408, 0.829]), current drinker (OR = 1.663, 95% CI [1.526, 1.813]), irregular eating habits (OR = 1.370, 95% CI [1.233, 1.523]), the number of days in a week of engaging in at least 10 min of moderate or vigorous exercise ≥3 (OR = 0.752, 95% CI [0.646, 0.875]), taking the initiative to acquire health knowledge occasionally (OR = 0.882, 95% CI [0.783, 0.992]) or frequently (OR = 0.675, 95% CI [0.591, 0.770]) and underweight (OR = 1.249, 95% CI [1.001, 1.559]) and overweight (OR = 0.846, 95% CI [0.775, 0.924]) have association with the prevalence of current smoking amongst online ride-hailing drivers. CONCLUSION The smoking rate of ride-hailing drivers was high. Sociodemographic and work-related characteristics and health-related factors affected their smoking behaviour. Psychological and behavioural interventions can promote smoking control management and encourage drivers to quit or limit smoking. Online car-hailing companies can also establish a complaint mechanism combined with personal credit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Gu
- China National Health Development Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- China National Health Development Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyan Liu
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Xu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Institute of Medical Information, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nina Wu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
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13
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Huang T, Yang M, Zeng Y, Huang X, Wang N, Chen Y, Li P, Yuan J, Chen C, Oliver BG, Yi C. Maternal High Fat Diet Consumption Exaggerates Metabolic Disorders in Mice With Cigarette-Smoking Induced Intrauterine Undernutrition. Front Nutr 2021; 8:638576. [PMID: 33796546 PMCID: PMC8007928 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.638576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Maternal smoking causes fetal underdevelopment and results in births which are small for gestation age due to intrauterine undernutrition, leading to various metabolic disorders in adulthood. Furthermore, postnatal high fat diet (HFD) consumption is also a potent obesogenic factor, which can interact with maternal smoking. In this study, we aimed to determine whether maternal HFD consumption during pregnancy can reverse the adverse impact of maternal smoking and change the response to postnatal HFD consumption. Methods: Female mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (SE, 2 cigarettes/day) or sham exposed for 5 weeks before mating, with half of the SE dams fed HFD (43% fat, SE+HFD). The same treatment continued throughout gestation and lactation. Male offspring from each maternal group were fed the same HFD or chow after weaning and sacrificed at 13 weeks. Results: Maternal SE alone increased body weight and fat mass in HFD-fed offspring, while SE+HFD offspring showed the highest energy intake and glucose metabolic disorder in adulthood. In addition, postnatal HFD increased the body weight and aggravated the metabolic disorder caused by maternal SE and SE+HFD. Conclusions: Maternal HFD consumption could not ameliorate the adverse effect of maternal SE but exaggerate metabolic disorders in adult offspring. Smoking cessation and a healthy diet are needed during pregnancy to optimize the health outcome in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taida Huang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunxin Zeng
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Li
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chenju Yi
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Jamshed L, Perono GA, Jamshed S, Holloway AC. Early Life Exposure to Nicotine: Postnatal Metabolic, Neurobehavioral and Respiratory Outcomes and the Development of Childhood Cancers. Toxicol Sci 2020; 178:3-15. [PMID: 32766841 PMCID: PMC7850035 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with numerous obstetrical, fetal, and developmental complications, as well as an increased risk of adverse health consequences in the adult offspring. Nicotine replacement therapy and electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes) have been developed as a pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation and are considered safer alternatives for women to smoke during pregnancy. The safety of nicotine replacement therapy use during pregnancy has been evaluated in a limited number of short-term human trials, but there is currently no information on the long-term effects of developmental nicotine exposure in humans. However, animal studies suggest that nicotine alone may be a key chemical responsible for many of the long-term effects associated with maternal cigarette smoking on the offspring and increases the risk of adverse neurobehavioral outcomes, dysmetabolism, respiratory illness, and cancer. This review will examine the long-term effects of fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure on postnatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiba Jamshed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Genevieve A Perono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Shanza Jamshed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
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15
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Mehta S, Srivastava N, Bhatia A, Dhawan V. Exposure of cigarette smoke condensate activates NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and in vivo: A connotation of innate immunity and atherosclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106561. [PMID: 32402952 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking is known to have detrimental effects on cardiovascular system. However, the potential molecular basis of smoking-induced atherosclerosis remains unclear. NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in perpetuation of inflammatory response in atherosclerosis. Therefore, we aimed to explore the cytotoxic effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and in vivo. METHODS For in vitro study, the pro-atherogenic effects of CSC were evaluated in THP-1 monocytes with different dose concentrations (0.1, 1, 5, 10 and 20 µg/ml) for varied time periods (6, 12, 24 and 48 h). For in vivo study, 30 male C57BL/6J mice were employed. 6 mice were sacrificed for baseline investigations. 24 mice were randomly divided into four groups: Group-I:Control mice, Group-II:CSC model, Group-III:High-fat diet(HFD) model, and Group-IV:HFD + CSC model for 14 weeks (n = 6/group). The group-II and IV mice were injected with 720 µg CSC/20 g body weight intraperitoneally (6 days/week). RESULTS In vitro, higher dosage of CSC (20 µg/ml) was toxic to cells as significant decline in cell viability and proliferation was observed. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and its pro-cytokine levels were significantly augmented on CSC exposure in a dose-dependent manner but impeded in time-dependent manner. In vivo, CSC and HFD independently augmented the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome (~4-10 fold-change) along with pro-cytokine levels in Group-II and III vs Group-I mice whereas, HFD + CSC treatment demonstrated synergistic effects in Group-IV. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CSC activates NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and in vivo and collectively with HFD has synergistic effects in vivo that may promote atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Mehta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Niharika Srivastava
- Department of Dermatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Veena Dhawan
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
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16
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Wu G, Li Y, Zhang L, Zhang H, Su J, Guo L, Xiong F, Yu Q, Yang P, Zhang S, Cai J, Wang CY. The impact of tobacco smoking on physical activity and metabolism in mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS 2019; 10:67-76. [PMID: 31988697 PMCID: PMC6971493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking can increase the risk of many respiratory and chronic systemic diseases. Particularly, cigarette smoke produces toxic particulate matter (PM), which is harmful to the smokers. Although previous studies have demonstrated the toxicity of cigarette smoke PM and its relationship with disease pathogenesis, systematic data for the impact of cigarette smoke PM on physical activity and metabolism in animals are still lacking. In this report, the C57/B6 mice were exposed to cigarette smoke PM in a smoking chamber coupled with the analysis of metabolic changes and physical activity in metabolic cages at indicated time, for a period up to 12-month-old of age. The mice became excited following short period (e.g., 3 months) but listless after long-term cigarette smoke PM exposures (e.g., 9 or 10 months), as manifested by the changes of drink/food intake and daily activities along with increased oxygen consumption and CO2 accumulation. Our data suggest that particulate matter originated from cigarette smoke impairs metabolism and physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorao Wu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Li
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huilan Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jiakun Su
- China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co., Ltd.Nanchang High Technology Development Valley, Nanchang 330096, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Guo
- China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co., Ltd.Nanchang High Technology Development Valley, Nanchang 330096, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Yang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jibao Cai
- China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co., Ltd.Nanchang High Technology Development Valley, Nanchang 330096, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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17
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Lev-Ari L, Bachner-Melman R, Zohar AH, Ebstein R, Mankuta D. Weight gain, feeding and eating in the first year of life of babies of smoking and non-smoking mothers. Early Hum Dev 2019; 140:104889. [PMID: 31670174 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Babies of mothers who smoke during pregnancy tend to be born underweight but are at risk for pediatric obesity. Maternal feeding practices, maternal disordered eating, and child temperament were assessed as potential mediators of early weight gain in babies of smoking and non-smoking mothers. The BMIs of babies of 88 smoking and 107 non-smoking mothers were recorded at birth and reported one year later. Mothers self-reported on disordered eating and child feeding practices, and on their infants' temperament. Babies of smoking mothers had lower BMI at birth but not at age one. For babies of non-smoking but not for those of smoking mothers, BMI at birth predicted BMI at age one. Smoking mothers' disordered eating and pressure for children to eat predicted their babies' BMI at age one. In the non-smoking group only, there were significant correlations between babies' temperamental difficulties and babies' BMI at age one. In contrast to non-smoking mothers, smoking mothers tend to pressure their babies to eat, and not to feed them in response to their distress. This interim picture may provide insight into the transition of the children of smoking mothers from underweight newborns to children classified as overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilac Lev-Ari
- Clinical Psychology Program, School of Social and Community Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel.
| | - Rachel Bachner-Melman
- Clinical Psychology Program, School of Social and Community Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel; School of Social work, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ada H Zohar
- Clinical Psychology Program, School of Social and Community Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
| | - Richard Ebstein
- China Center for Behavior Economics & Finance & Southwestern University of Finance & Economics
| | - David Mankuta
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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18
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Li G, Chan YL, Nguyen LT, Mak C, Zaky A, Anwer AG, Shi Y, Nguyen T, Pollock CA, Oliver BG, Saad S, Chen H. Impact of maternal e‐cigarette vapor exposure on renal health in the offspring. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1452:65-77. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Li
- Faculty of Science, School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Yik L. Chan
- Faculty of Science, School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular BiologyWoolcock Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Long T. Nguyen
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore HospitalThe University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Crystal Mak
- Faculty of Science, School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Amgad Zaky
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore HospitalThe University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Ayad G. Anwer
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Ying Shi
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore HospitalThe University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Tara Nguyen
- Faculty of Science, School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore HospitalThe University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Brian G. Oliver
- Faculty of Science, School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular BiologyWoolcock Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Faculty of Science, School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore HospitalThe University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- Faculty of Science, School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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19
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Patnaik Kuppili P, Vengadavaradan A, Bharadwaj B. Metabolic syndrome and substance use: A narrative review. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 43:111-120. [PMID: 31125953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Patnaik Kuppili
- Senior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Ashvini Vengadavaradan
- Junior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvanthri Nagar, Puducherry, India.
| | - Balaji Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvanthri Nagar, Puducherry, India.
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20
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Omotoso GO, Kadir RE, Sulaimon FA, Jaji-Sulaimon R, Gbadamosi IT. Prenatal Exposure to Gestational Nicotine before Neurulation is Detrimental to Neurodevelopment of Wistar Rats' Offspring. Malays J Med Sci 2018; 25:35-47. [PMID: 30914861 PMCID: PMC6419881 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.5.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim This study aimed to determine the effect of gestational nicotine exposure before neurodevelopment on the morphology and histology of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in rats. Methodology Adult female Wistar rats were time-mated and grouped into three categories: (a) control-given 0.1 mL of normal saline, (b) low-dose nicotine-given 6.88 mg/ kg/d/0.05 mL, and (c) high-dose nicotine-given 13.76 mg/kg/d/0.1 mL in two divided doses. Treatment was given intraperitoneally from gestational days 2 to 6. On postnatal day 15 (P15), the pups were separated from their mothers, anaesthetised and sacrificed, followed by intracardial perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde. PFC was excised from the brain and processed for tissue histology, histochemistry, and morphology of brain cells. Results Gestational nicotine exposure during the first week of gestation in rats significantly reduced birth weights in nicotine-treated groups compared with control; it, however, accelerated body weights, altered neuronal morphology, and elevated astrocytic count significantly, while oligodendroglial count was slightly increased in the PFC of juvenile rats examined at P15. Conclusion These alterations revealed that gestational nicotine exposure before the commencement of the cellular processes involved in brain development negatively affects neurodevelopment, and this could result in neurological dysfunctions in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Olaiya Omotoso
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Risikat Eniola Kadir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Fatima A Sulaimon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Rukayat Jaji-Sulaimon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ismail Temitayo Gbadamosi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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21
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Oyeyipo IP, Adeyemi DH, Abe TR. Testosterone and testicular changes in F1 offspring of Wistar rats maternally exposed to nicotine during gestation. JBRA Assist Reprod 2018; 22:162-166. [PMID: 29782138 PMCID: PMC6106628 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20180031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the effect of intrauterine exposure to nicotine in the first fourteen days of gestation on the testicular function of male Wistar rats. METHODS Pups of both control and nicotine-treated groups were selected and sacrificed on day 60 after birth. Birth weight, weight of reproductive organs, hormonal profile, and histopathology were determined in the first filial (F1) generation. RESULTS Significant decreases in birth weight and litter size were found in the pups treated with nicotine when compared with the animals in the control group. Significant decreases were also observed in the testicular weight of nicotine-treated rats, but not in epididymal weight, when compared to controls. Testosterone levels were significantly decreased, atrophy was observed in the genital epithelial cells, and distortions were noted in the testes of nicotine-treated F1 males. CONCLUSION These results suggest that nicotine exposure during pregnancy may cause endocrine disruption, and thus produce deleterious effects on offspring reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibukun P Oyeyipo
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Osun
State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Damilare H Adeyemi
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Osun
State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Temilade R Abe
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Osun
State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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22
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Li G, Saad S, Oliver BG, Chen H. Heat or Burn? Impacts of Intrauterine Tobacco Smoke and E-Cigarette Vapor Exposure on the Offspring's Health Outcome. TOXICS 2018; 6:E43. [PMID: 30071638 PMCID: PMC6160993 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy leads to gestational complications and organ disorders in the offspring. As nicotine replacement therapy is often ineffective for smoking cessation, pregnant women turn to alternatives such as heat-not-burn tobacco and e-cigarettes. Recently, the popularly of e-cigarettes has been increasing especially among the youth and pregnant women, mainly due to the advertisements claiming their safety. This has even led to some clinicians recommending their use during pregnancy. E-cigarettes heat e-liquid to produce an aerosol (e-vapor), delivering flavorings and nicotine to the user. However, e-vapor also contains toxins such as formaldehyde along with heavy metals and carcinogenic nitrosamines. In addition, specific flavoring compounds such as diacetyl can be toxic themselves or decompose into toxic compounds such as benzaldehydes. These compounds can induce toxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress in the mothers and can accumulate in the developing fetus, affecting intrauterine development. Recent animal studies suggest that maternal e-vapor exposure during pregnancy could cause respiratory and neurological disorders in the offspring. This review will examine the available literature to shed light on the current understanding of this problem-to-be from lessons learned in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Sonia Saad
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Renal Group, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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23
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Hu T, Yang Z, Li MD. Pharmacological Effects and Regulatory Mechanisms of Tobacco Smoking Effects on Food Intake and Weight Control. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 13:453-466. [PMID: 30054897 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Beyond promoting smoking initiation and preventing smokers from quitting, nicotine can reduce food intake and body weight and thus is viewed as desirable by some smokers, especially many women. During the last several decades, the molecular mechanisms underlying the inverse correlation between smoking and body weight have been investigated extensively in both animals and humans. Nicotine's weight effects appear to result especially from the drug's stimulation of α3β4 nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are located on pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), leading to activation of the melanocortin circuit, which is associated with body weight. Further, α7- and α4β2-containing nAChRs have been implicated in weight control by nicotine. This review summarizes current understanding of the regulatory effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight according to the findings from pharmacological, molecular genetic, electrophysiological, and feeding studies on these appetite-regulating molecules, such as α3β4, α7, and α4β2 nAChRs; neuropeptide Y (NPY); POMC; melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R); agouti-related peptide (AgRP); leptin, ghrelin, and protein YY (PYY).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ming D Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA.
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Chen H, Li G, Chan YL, Nguyen T, van Reyk D, Saad S, Oliver BG. Modulation of neural regulators of energy homeostasis, and of inflammation, in the pups of mice exposed to e-cigarettes. Neurosci Lett 2018; 684:61-66. [PMID: 29981356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking can lead to perturbations in central metabolic regulators such as neuropeptide Y (NPY) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) signalling components in offspring. With the growing interest in e-cigarettes as a tobacco replacement, this short report assessed central metabolic regulation in offspring of mouse dams exposed to e-cigarettes. We examined the impact of continuous use of e-cigarettes, and e-cigarette replacement of tobacco cigarettes during pregnancy. Supplementation of an antioxidant l-carnitine was also co-used with tobacco cigarette in the mother to determine whether the impact of maternal tobacco smoking was oxidative stress driven. METHODS Balb/c mice were exposed to either nicotine-containing (E-cig18) or nicotine-free (E-cig0) e-cigarette aerosols or tobacco smoke (SE) prior to mating and until their pups were weaned. After mating, two SE sub-groups were changed to E-cig18 exposure (Replacement), or supplementation l-carnitine while SE was continued. Male offspring were studied at weaning age. RESULTS The offspring of E-cig0 dams were the heaviest with the most body fat. Replacing SE with E-cig18 during pregnancy resulted in offspring with significantly less body fat. E-cig0 offspring had significantly increased mRNA expression of brain NPY and iNOS. Maternal SE upregulated mRNA expression of NPY, NPY Y1 receptor, POMC downstream components, and iNOS expression, which were normalised in Replacement offspring, but only partially normalised with maternal L-carnitine supplementation during gestation and lactation. CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to either tobacco and nicotine-free e-cigarettes lead to disturbances in the level of central homeostatic control markers in offspring, suggesting that maternal exposure to e-cigarettes is not without risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences & Centre for Health Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Gerard Li
- School of Life Sciences & Centre for Health Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia
| | - Tara Nguyen
- School of Life Sciences & Centre for Health Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - David van Reyk
- School of Life Sciences & Centre for Health Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- School of Life Sciences & Centre for Health Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Renal Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences & Centre for Health Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia.
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Muschler M, Rhein M, Ritter A, Hillemacher T, Frieling H, Bleich S, Glahn A. Epigenetic alterations of the POMC promoter in tobacco dependence. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:875-879. [PMID: 29871818 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Impaired regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is substantially involved in several psychiatric disorders. Smoking interferes with HPA axis by activating proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and thus stimulating the expression of POMC. The POMC transcript is processed into several peptide hormones, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), that play a role in stress response and weight control. In alcohol dependence, POMC promoter methylation is associated with craving. Here, we describe evidence of altered POMC promoter methylation in smoking. To determine how tobacco dependence and its withdrawal affect POMC promoter-specific DNA methylation, we assessed blood samples of 36 tobacco dependent individuals at day 1, 7 and 14 of withdrawal compared to 41 healthy controls using direct bisulfite sequencing. We found that POMC promoter methylation is significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Moreover, this methylation difference does not readapt within 14 days of abstinence. We offer two explanatory models: Smokers could have a higher methylation state before the onset of smoking and this premorbid status might be acquired by environmental factors in early life. Alternatively, smoking may activate POMC neurons and its protein expression. Therefore, increasing methylation status of its promoter might be an adjustment to keep homeostasis. In either way, altered POMC methylation in smokers seems to indicate an adaptation of stress signaling, thereby potentially serving as a marker for stress-related functions that support the addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Muschler
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Mathias Rhein
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Ritter
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Departement of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Glahn
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Adeyemi DH, Oyeyipo IP, Akanbi KA, Oluwole T. Nicotine alters progesterone and estradiol levels during the first trimester of pregnancy in Wistar rats. JBRA Assist Reprod 2018; 22:78-81. [PMID: 29389093 PMCID: PMC5982549 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20180014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the effect of nicotine on serum progesterone and estradiol levels as possible cause of abortion during first trimester of gestation in female Wistar rats. METHODS Fourteen female rats with regular estrous cycles in the same phase of cycle were divided into two groups (Control and Nicotine-treated) with each group receiving 1ml of distilled water and 1mg/kg of nicotine respectively for the first seven days of pregnancy (GD1-7). The animals were sacrificed on the 8th day and blood samples were collected for hormonal analyses. Ovaries and uteruses were excised, weighed, and prepared for histological study. RESULTS This study revealed a significant decrease in serum progesterone and estradiol levels in the nicotine-treated group when compared to controls. The histological findings equally showed degeneration in the cytoarchitecture of the ovary of the nicotine-treated group. CONCLUSION The observed hormonal imbalances and alteration in the cytoarchitecture of the ovary caused by nicotine in the first trimester of pregnancy may result in abortion during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilare H Adeyemi
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ibukun P Oyeyipo
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Kikelomo A Akanbi
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope Oluwole
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Calarco CA, Li Z, Taylor SR, Lee S, Zhou W, Friedman JM, Mineur YS, Gotti C, Picciotto MR. Molecular and cellular characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in the arcuate nucleus of the mouse hypothalamus. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:10.1111/ejn.13966. [PMID: 29791746 PMCID: PMC6251769 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine, acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), increases the firing rate of both orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), yet nicotine and other nAChR agonists decrease food intake in mice. Viral-mediated knockdown of the β4 nAChR subunit in all neuronal cell types in the ARC prevents the nicotinic agonist cytisine from decreasing food intake, but it is not known whether the β4 subunit is selectively expressed in anorexigenic neurons or how other nAChR subtypes are distributed in this nucleus. Using translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) on ARC tissue from mice with ribosomes tagged in either AgRP or POMC cells, we examined nAChR subunit mRNA levels using real-time PCR. Both AgRP and POMC cells express a comparable panel of nAChR subunits with differences in α7 mRNA levels and a trend for difference in α4 levels, but no differences in β4 expression. Immunoprecipitation of assembled nAChRs revealed that the β4 subunit forms assembled channels with α3, β2 and α4, but not other subunits found in the ARC. Finally, using cell type-selective, virally delivered small hairpin RNAs targeting either the β4 or α7 subunit, we examined the contribution of each subunit in either AgRP or POMC cells to the behavioural response to nicotine, refining the understanding of nicotinic regulation of this feeding circuit. These experiments identify a more complex set of nAChRs expressed in ARC than in other hypothalamic regions. Thus, the ARC appears to be a particular target of nicotinic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali A. Calarco
- Department of Psychiatry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
| | | | - Seth R. Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
| | - Somin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
| | - Wenliang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
| | | | - Yann S. Mineur
- Department of Psychiatry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
| | | | - Marina R. Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
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Calarco CA, Lee S, Picciotto MR. Access to nicotine in drinking water reduces weight gain without changing caloric intake on high fat diet in male C57BL/6J mice. Neuropharmacology 2017; 123:210-220. [PMID: 28623168 PMCID: PMC5544033 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine and tobacco use is associated with lower body weight, and many smokers report concerns about weight. In animal studies, nicotine reduces weight gain, reduces food consumption, and alters energy expenditure, but these effects vary with duration and route of nicotine administration. Previous studies have used standardized nicotine doses, however, in this study, male and female mice had free access to nicotine drinking water for 30 days while fed either a high fat diet (HFD) or chow, allowing animals to titrate their nicotine intake. In male mice, HFD increased body weight and caloric intake. Nicotine attenuated this effect and decreased weight gain per calorie consumed without affecting overall caloric intake or acute locomotion, suggesting metabolic changes. Nicotine did not decrease weight in chow-fed animals. In contrast, the same paradigm did not result in significant differences in weight gain in female animals, but did alter corticosterone levels and locomotion, indicating sex differences in the response to HFD and nicotine. We measured levels of mRNAs encoding nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits, uncoupling proteins (UCP) 1-3, and neuropeptides involved in energy balance in adipose tissues and the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC). HFD and nicotine regulated UCP levels in adipose tissues and ARC from female, but not male, mice. Regulation of agouti-related peptide, neuropeptide-Y, melanin-concentrating hormone, and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in ARC varied with diet and nicotine in a sex-dependent manner. These data demonstrate that chronic consumption of nicotine moderates the effect of HFD in male mice by changing metabolism rather than food intake, and identify a differential effect on female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali A Calarco
- Department of Psychiatry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, United States
| | - Somin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, United States
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, United States.
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Jésus P, Guerchet M, Pilleron S, Fayemendy P, Maxime Mouanga A, Mbelesso P, Preux PM, Desport JC. Undernutrition and obesity among elderly people living in two cities of developing countries: Prevalence and associated factors in the EDAC study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2017; 21:40-50. [PMID: 30014868 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional status among elderly people living in Sub-Saharan Africa is poorly studied, even though undernutrition and obesity are known to cause many complications and are risk factors for progression and death in several diseases. The aims of this study were to assess the nutritional status of the elderly in Central Africa and to study the factors associated with nutritional disorders (undernutrition and obesity). METHODS Two cross-sectional population-based studies were carried out in the capitals of Central African Republic (CAR) and Republic of Congo (ROC) between 2008 and 2009. Participants were aged ≥65 years old and underwent nutritional assessment including the following measurements: weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC). Diet was also investigated. Nutritional status was defined according to the WHO BMI classification (<18.5 = undernutrition; ≥30 = obesity). Multinomial regression analysis was performed in order to identify factors associated with nutritional status. RESULTS 990 elderly people underwent nutritional assessment (482 in CAR and 508 in ROC). Mean BMI was 22.7 ± 4.8 kg/m2. The prevalence of undernutrition was 19.2% and was lower in ROC than in CAR (9.5% vs. 29.5%; p < 0.0001). The prevalence of obesity was 8.8% and was higher in ROC than in CAR (14.6% vs. 2.7%; p < 0.0001). The mean WC was 85.3 ± 28.4 cm. Adjusted on study site, increasing age (OR = 1.6 [95% CI: 1.1-2.3] for 75-84 years, OR = 2.6 [95% CI: 1.4-4.8] for 85+ years), occupation as farmer/breeder (OR = 2.2 [95% CI: 1.1-4.2]), smoking (OR = 1.71 [95% CI: 1.14-2.56]) and low sugar consumption (OR = 1.7 [95% CI: 1.1-2.7]) were positively associated with undernutrition whereas only female sex was positively associated with obesity (OR = 5.0 [95% CI: 2.2-11.0]). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of undernutrition is high in the elderly population of these countries, in contrast to obesity. Undernutrition and obesity are associated with different socio-economic factors and food consumption. Simple nutritional advice could contribute to improving the nutritional status of elderly people in Central Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Jésus
- INSERM UMR1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, School of Medicine of Limoges, Limoges, France; Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, University of Limoges, Limoges, France; Nutrition Unit, Centre for Severe Obesity and Expert Centre for Home Parenteral Nutrition, Dupuytren University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France.
| | - Maëlenn Guerchet
- INSERM UMR1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, School of Medicine of Limoges, Limoges, France; Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, University of Limoges, Limoges, France; King's College London, Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Health Service and Population Research Department, UK
| | - Sophie Pilleron
- INSERM UMR1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, School of Medicine of Limoges, Limoges, France; Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Philippe Fayemendy
- INSERM UMR1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, School of Medicine of Limoges, Limoges, France; Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, University of Limoges, Limoges, France; Nutrition Unit, Centre for Severe Obesity and Expert Centre for Home Parenteral Nutrition, Dupuytren University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Alain Maxime Mouanga
- INSERM UMR1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, School of Medicine of Limoges, Limoges, France; Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, University of Limoges, Limoges, France; Psychiatry Department, University Hospital of Brazzaville, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Pascal Mbelesso
- INSERM UMR1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, School of Medicine of Limoges, Limoges, France; Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, University of Limoges, Limoges, France; Neurology Department, Amitié Hospital, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Pierre Marie Preux
- INSERM UMR1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, School of Medicine of Limoges, Limoges, France; Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, University of Limoges, Limoges, France; Medical Information & Evaluation, Clinical Research and Biostatistics Unit, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Jean Claude Desport
- INSERM UMR1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, School of Medicine of Limoges, Limoges, France; Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, University of Limoges, Limoges, France; Nutrition Unit, Centre for Severe Obesity and Expert Centre for Home Parenteral Nutrition, Dupuytren University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
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30
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Examining the effects of cigarette smoking on food cravings and intake, depressive symptoms, and stress. Eat Behav 2017; 24:61-65. [PMID: 28038436 PMCID: PMC5269575 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the relationships among smoking status and total and specific types of food cravings (i.e., high-fats, sweets, fast-food fats, and complex carbohydrates/starches) and the influence of demographic, clinical, and psychological factors on this relationship. METHODS Seven-hundred and twelve adults completed measures of food cravings, dietary intake, and smoking history. Heights and weights were measured. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses while adjusting for demographic, clinical, and psychological covariates. RESULTS Compared to never smokers, current smokers reported more frequent cravings for high-fat foods and fast-food fats, after controlling for depression, stress, BMI and demographic factors. Current smokers also reported consuming more high-fat foods and fast-food fats. The association between cigarette smoking and total food craving was no longer significant after accounting for depression and stress, suggesting that depression and stress may account for the relationship between smoking and total food craving. Smoking did not moderate the relationship between food cravings and food intake. Nicotine dependence was positively correlated with the frequency of general food cravings and cravings for high fats, sweets, and carbohydrates/starches. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smokers, and especially those with higher nicotine dependence, may have greater difficulties in addressing food craving and changing eating habits, particularly in the context of depression and stress.
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Chan YL, Saad S, Al-Odat I, Zaky AA, Oliver B, Pollock C, Li W, Jones NM, Chen H. Impact of maternal cigarette smoke exposure on brain and kidney health outcomes in female offspring. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:1168-1176. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yik L Chan
- School of Life Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway NSW Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research; University of Sydney; St Leonards NSW Australia
| | - Ibrahim Al-Odat
- School of Life Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway NSW Australia
| | - Amgad A Zaky
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research; University of Sydney; St Leonards NSW Australia
| | - Brian Oliver
- School of Life Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway NSW Australia
| | - Carol Pollock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research; University of Sydney; St Leonards NSW Australia
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Science and Technology; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Nicole M Jones
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Broadway NSW Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway NSW Australia
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Chan YL, Saad S, Pollock C, Oliver B, Al-Odat I, Zaky AA, Jones N, Chen H. Impact of maternal cigarette smoke exposure on brain inflammation and oxidative stress in male mice offspring. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25881. [PMID: 27169932 PMCID: PMC4864383 DOI: 10.1038/srep25881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal cigarette smoke exposure (SE) during gestation can cause lifelong adverse effects in the offspring's brain. Several factors may contribute including inflammation, oxidative stress and hypoxia, whose changes in the developing brain are unknown. Female Balb/c mice were exposed to cigarette smoke prior to mating, during gestation and lactation. Male offspring were studied at postnatal day (P) 1, P20 and 13 weeks (W13). SE dams had reduced inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6 and toll like receptor (TLR)4 mRNA), antioxidant (manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)), and increased mitochondrial activities (OXPHOS-I, III and V) and protein damage marker nitrotyrosine. Brain hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α and its upstream signalling molecule early growth response factor (EGR)1 were not changed in the SE dams. In the SE offspring, brain IL-1R, IL-6 and TLR4 mRNA were increased at W13. The translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane, and MnSOD were reduced at W13 with higher nitrotyrosine staining. HIF-1α was also increased at W13, although EGR1 was only reduced at P1. In conclusion, maternal SE increased markers of hypoxia and oxidative stress with mitochondrial dysfunction and cell damage in both dams and offspring, and upregulated inflammatory markers in offspring, which may render SE dams and their offspring vulnerable to additional brain insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, the University of Sydney, NSW, 2065 Australia
| | - Carol Pollock
- Renal group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, the University of Sydney, NSW, 2065 Australia
| | - Brian Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Ibrahim Al-Odat
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Amgad A. Zaky
- Renal group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, the University of Sydney, NSW, 2065 Australia
| | - Nicole Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW 2051, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007 Australia
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Udo T, White MA, Barnes RD, Ivezaj V, Morgan P, Masheb RM, Grilo CM. Psychosocial and metabolic function by smoking status in individuals with binge eating disorder and obesity. Addict Behav 2016; 53:46-52. [PMID: 26451703 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) report smoking to control appetite and weight. Smoking in BED is associated with increased risk for comorbid psychiatric disorders, but its impact on psychosocial functioning and metabolic function has not been evaluated. Participants were 429 treatment-seeking adults (72.4% women; mean age 46.2±11.0years old) with BED comorbid with obesity. Participants were categorized into current smokers (n=66), former smokers (n=145), and never smokers (n=218). Smoking status was unrelated to most historical eating/weight variables and to current eating disorder psychopathology. Smoking status was associated with psychiatric, psychosocial, and metabolic functioning. Compared with never smokers, current smokers were more likely to meet lifetime diagnostic criteria for alcohol (OR=5.51 [95% CI=2.46-12.33]) and substance use disorders (OR=7.05 [95% CI=3.37-14.72]), poorer current physical quality of life, and increased risk for metabolic syndrome (OR=1.80 [95% CI=0.97-3.35]) and related metabolic risks (reduced HDL, elevated total cholesterol). On the other hand, the odds of meeting criteria for lifetime psychiatric comorbidity or metabolic abnormalities were not significantly greater in former smokers, relative to never smokers. Our findings suggest the importance of promoting smoking cessation in treatment-seeking patients with BED and obesity for its potential long-term implications for psychiatric and metabolic functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Udo
- School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States.
| | - Marney A White
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rachel D Barnes
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Valentina Ivezaj
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Peter Morgan
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Robin M Masheb
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Carlos M Grilo
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; CASAColumbia, New Haven, CT, United States
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Significant Beneficial Association of High Dietary Selenium Intake with Reduced Body Fat in the CODING Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8010024. [PMID: 26742059 PMCID: PMC4728638 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a trace element which plays an important role in adipocyte hypertrophy and adipogenesis. Some studies suggest that variations in serum Se may be associated with obesity. However, there are few studies examining the relationship between dietary Se and obesity, and findings are inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary Se intake and a panel of obesity measurements with systematic control of major confounding factors. A total of 3214 subjects participated in the study. Dietary Se intake was determined from the Willett food frequency questionnaire. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Obese men and women had the lowest dietary Se intake, being 24% to 31% lower than corresponding normal weight men and women, classified by both BMI and body fat percentage. Moreover, subjects with the highest dietary Se intake had the lowest BMI, waist circumference, and trunk, android, gynoid and total body fat percentages, with a clear dose-dependent inverse relationship observed in both gender groups. Furthermore, significant negative associations discovered between dietary Se intake and obesity measurements were independent of age, total dietary calorie intake, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, medication, and menopausal status. Dietary Se intake alone may account for 9%–27% of the observed variations in body fat percentage. The findings from this study strongly suggest that high dietary Se intake is associated with a beneficial body composition profile.
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Cadmium increases the sensitivity of adolescent female mice to nicotine-related behavioral deficits. Behav Neurol 2014; 2014:360978. [PMID: 25477708 PMCID: PMC4247978 DOI: 10.1155/2014/360978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates spatial and nonspatial working memory, anxiety related behavior, and motor activities in cadmium and/or nicotine exposed female adolescent mice. P28 female adolescent mice (albino strain) were divided into four groups of five (n = 5) mice each. A set of mice (Nic) received subcutaneous nicotine (2.0 mg/kg) while a separate set (Cd) was treated with 2.0 mg/kg cadmium (subcutaneous). For the combined treatments of cadmium and nicotine, we administered 2.0 mg/kg Nicotine and 2.0 mg/kg of Cd. Subsequently, a separate group of animals (n = 5; control) received normal saline. The total duration of treatment for all groups was 28 days (P28–P56). At P56, the treatment was discontinued, after which the animals were examined in behavioural tests. Nicotine and cadmium increased the metabolism and food intake in the female adolescent mice. This also corresponded to an increase in weight when compared with the control. However, a combined nicotine-cadmium treatment induced a decline in weight of the animals versus the control. Also, nicotine administration increased the motor function, while cadmium and nicotine-cadmium treatment caused a decline in motor activity. Both nicotine and cadmium induced a reduction in memory index; however, nicotine-cadmium treatment induced the most significant decrease in nonspatial working memory.
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Al-Odat I, Chen H, Chan YL, Amgad S, Wong MG, Gill A, Pollock C, Saad S. The impact of maternal cigarette smoke exposure in a rodent model on renal development in the offspring. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103443. [PMID: 25058584 PMCID: PMC4110029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether maternal cigarette smoke exposure can disrupt fetal kidney development by changing the expression of growth and transcription factors essential for renal development, and thereafter predispose the offspring to chronic kidney disease later in life. Female Balb/c mice (6 weeks) were exposed either to cigarette smoke or air under identical conditions, 6 weeks prior to mating, during gestation and during lactation. Male offspring were sacrificed at three time points, postnatal day (P)1, P20 (weaning age), and 13 weeks (mature age). Blood, urine, and kidneys were collected for analysis. At P1, the developmental genes fibroblast growth factor 2, glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor and paired box 2 were upregulated at mRNA and protein levels; whilst fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 7 and FGF10 were downregulated. At P20, mRNA expression of FGF2, FGF10 and Wingless-type 4 was upregulated by maternal smoke exposure. These changes were normalised in adulthood. Nephron development was delayed, with fewer nephron numbers from P1 persisted to adulthood; while glomerular volume was increased at P20 but reduced in adulthood. Pro-inflammatory marker monocyte chemoatractant protein 1 (MCP1) was increased in the kidney by maternal smoke exposure. These changes were accompanied by an increased albumin/creatinine ratio in adulthood, suggesting reduced renal dysfunction. In conclusion maternal cigarette smoke exposure prior to and during pregnancy, as well as lactation leads to significant renal underdevelopment and functional abnormalities in adulthood. This study confirms the hypothesis that maternal smoking predisposes offspring to chronic kidney disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Al-Odat
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Sawiris Amgad
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Muh Geot Wong
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Gill
- Anatomical pathology, Northern Clinical School, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol Pollock
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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Chronic alcohol consumption from adolescence-to-adulthood in mice--hypothalamic gene expression changes in the dilated cardiomyopathy signaling pathway. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:61. [PMID: 24884436 PMCID: PMC4027996 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescence is a developmental stage vulnerable to alcohol drinking-related problems and the onset of alcoholism. Hypothalamus is a key brain region for food and water intake regulation, and is one of the alcohol-sensitive brain regions. However, it is not known what would be the alcohol effect on hypothalamus following adolescent alcohol intake, chronically over the adolescent development, at moderate levels. Results We employed a paradigm of chronic moderate alcohol intake from adolescence-to-adulthood in mice, and analyzed the alcohol effect on both behavioral and hypothalamic gene expression changes. A total of 751 genes were found and subjected to pathway analysis. The dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) pathway was identified. The changes of ten genes under this pathway were further verified using RT-PCR. Chronic alcohol consumption during adolescence, even at moderate levels, led to a decrease of motor activity in mice, and also a concerted down regulation of signaling pathway initiating factor (SPIF) genes in the DCM signaling pathway, including β1-adrenergic receptor (Adrb1), Gs protein (Gnas), adenylyl cyclase 1 (Adcy1), and dihydropyridine receptor/L-type calcium channel (Cacna1d). Conclusions These findings suggest that adolescent alcohol intake may trigger gene expression changes in the CNS that parallel those found in the dilated cardiomyopathy signaling pathway. If such effects also take place in humans, our findings would serve as a warning against alcohol intake in youth, such as by teens and/or college students.
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Abstract
The obesogen hypothesis postulates the role of environmental chemical pollutants that disrupt homeostatic controls and adaptive mechanisms to promote adipose-dependent weight gain leading to obesity and metabolic syndrome complications. One of the most direct molecular mechanisms for coupling environmental chemical exposures to perturbed physiology invokes pollutants mimicking endogenous endocrine hormones or bioactive dietary signaling metabolites that serve as nuclear receptor ligands. The organotin pollutant tributyltin can exert toxicity through multiple mechanisms but most recently has been shown to bind, activate, and mediate RXR-PPARγ transcriptional regulation central to lipid metabolism and adipocyte biology. Data in support of long-term obesogenic effects on whole body adipose tissue are also reported. Organotins represent an important model test system for evaluating the impact and epidemiological significance of chemical insults as contributing factors for obesity and human metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Grün
- The Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
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Li L, Gao K, Zhao J, Feng T, Yin L, Wang J, Wang C, Li C, Wang Y, Wang Q, Zhai Y, You H, Ren Y, Wang B, Hu D. Glucagon gene polymorphism modifies the effects of smoking and physical activity on risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Han Chinese. Gene 2013; 534:352-5. [PMID: 24185078 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Few genome-wide association studies have considered interactions between multiple genetic variants and environmental factors associated with disease. The interaction was examined between a glucagon gene (GCG) polymorphism and smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity and the association with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a case-control study of Chinese Han subjects. The rs12104705 polymorphism of GCG and interactions with environmental variables were analyzed for 9619 participants by binary multiple logistic regression. Smoking with the C-C haplotype of rs12104705 was associated with increased risk of T2DM (OR=1.174, 95% CI=1.013-1.361). Moderate and high physical activity with the C-C genotype was associated with decreased risk of T2DM as compared with low physical activity with the genotype (OR=0.251, 95% CI=0.206-0.306 and OR=0.190, 95% CI=0.164-0.220). However, the interaction of drinking and genotype was not associated with risk of T2DM. Genetic polymorphism in rs12104705 of GCG may interact with smoking and physical activity to modify the risk of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiping Gao
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhi Zhao
- Military Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianping Feng
- Military Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yin
- Military Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Discipline of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Center of Preventive Medicine Research and Assessment, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifei You
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongcheng Ren
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
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Natividad LA, Torres OV, Friedman TC, O'Dell LE. Adolescence is a period of development characterized by short- and long-term vulnerability to the rewarding effects of nicotine and reduced sensitivity to the anorectic effects of this drug. Behav Brain Res 2013; 257:275-85. [PMID: 24120402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study compared nicotine intake and changes in food intake and weight gain in naïve adolescent, naïve adult, and adult rats that were exposed to nicotine during adolescence. An extended intravenous self-administration (IVSA) model was used whereby rats had 23-hour access to saline or increasing doses of nicotine (0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 mg/kg/0.1 mL infusion) for 4-day intervals separated by 3-day periods of abstinence. Rats began IVSA as adolescents (PND 32-34) or adults (PND 75). A separate group of rats was exposed to nicotine via osmotic pumps (4.7 mg/kg) for 14 days during adolescence and then began nicotine IVSA as adults (PND 75). The rats that completed the nicotine IVSA regimen were also tested for nicotine-seeking behavior during extinction. The results revealed that nicotine intake was highest in adolescents followed by adults that were pre-exposed to nicotine during adolescence as compared to naïve adults. A similar pattern of nicotine-seeking behavior was observed during extinction. In contrast to nicotine intake, naïve adults displayed robust appetite and weight suppressant effects of nicotine, an effect that was absent in adolescents and adults that were pre-exposed to nicotine during adolescence. Our findings suggest that adolescence is a unique period of enhanced vulnerability to the reinforcing effects of nicotine. Although adolescents gain weight faster than adults, the food intake and weight suppressant effects of nicotine are reduced during adolescence. Importantly, our findings suggest that adolescent nicotine exposure produces long-lasting consequences that enhance nicotine reward and promote tolerance to the anorectic effects of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Natividad
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
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Echeverria Moran V. Brain effects of nicotine and derived compounds. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:60. [PMID: 23717281 PMCID: PMC3653100 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jiang X, Ma H, Wang Y, Liu Y. Early life factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:485082. [PMID: 24455747 PMCID: PMC3876901 DOI: 10.1155/2013/485082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease, and its aetiology involves a complex interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. In recent years, evidences from both human and animal experiments have correlated early life factors with programming diabetes risk in adult life. Fetal and neonatal period is crucial for organ development. Many maternal factors during pregnancy may increase the risk of diabetes of offsprings in later life, which include malnutrition, healthy (hyperglycemia and obesity), behavior (smoking, drinking, and junk food diet), hormone administration, and even stress. In neonates, catch-up growth, lactation, glucocorticoids administration, and stress have all been found to increase the risk of insulin resistance or T2DM. Unfavorable environments (socioeconomic situation and famine) or obesity also has long-term negative effects on children by causing increased susceptibility to T2DM in adults. We also address the potential mechanisms that may underlie the developmental programming of T2DM. Therefore, it might be possible to prevent or delay the risk for T2DM by improving pre- and/or postnatal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Ziqiang Road 139, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Huijie Ma
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan Road 361, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Ziqiang Road 139, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
- Orthopaedic Biomechanical Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Ziqiang Road 139, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Ziqiang Road 139, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
- *Yan Liu:
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