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Zhang MM, Dang M, Wu X, Ou L, Li M, Zhao CB, Wei PF, Dong TW, Li Y, Wu CJ. Da-Jian-Zhong decoction alleviates diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome via modulation of gut microbiota and Th17/Treg balance. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118275. [PMID: 38729534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Da-Jian-Zhong decoction (DJZD) is a herbal formula clinically used for abdominal pain and diarrhea induced by spleen-Yang deficiency syndrome. Recently, treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) with DJZD has received increasing attention, but the underlying mechanism of action remains elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of DJZD on IBS-D rats and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS An IBS-D rats model was constructed using a two-factor superposition method of neonatal maternal separation and Senna folium aqueous extract lavage. Moreover, the effect of DJZD was evaluated based on the body weight, rectal temperature, abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR), and Bristol stool scale score (BSS). The factors that regulate the DJZD effects on IBS-D were estimated using whole microbial genome, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq), flow cytometry, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses. RESULTS We found that DJZD alleviated the symptoms of IBS-D rats, with the low-dose (2.4 g/kg) as the better ones, as shown by the higher body weight and lower AWR score and BSS. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was obviously increased, and at the genus level, Lactobacillus and Parabacteroides were increased, while that of Firmicutes_bacterium_424 and Ruminococcus gnavus was decreased in DJZD group. Furthermore, the significantly enriched GO terms after treatment with DJZD mainly included the immune response, positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation, and positive regulation of interleukin-17 (IL-17) production. Importantly, flow cytometry analysis further revealed that the T helper cell type 17/regulatory T cell (Th17/Treg) balance contributed to the DJZD-induced alleviation of IBS-D symptoms, as DJZD downregulated Th17/Treg ratio and Th17 cell-related cytokines IL-17 and IL-6 levels in the colon. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that DJZD has a good therapeutic effect on IBS-D rats, probably by maintaining the homeostasis of gut microbiota and regulating Th17/Treg balance and its related inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, PR China
| | - Ming Dang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, PR China
| | - Xu Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, PR China
| | - Li Ou
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, PR China
| | - Min Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, PR China
| | - Chong-Bo Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, PR China
| | - Pei-Feng Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, PR China
| | - Tai-Wei Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, PR China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, PR China.
| | - Chun-Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 61137, PR China.
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Xu Y, Liu RR, Yu XJ, Liu XN, Zhang X, Jiang ZH, Cong ZF, Li QQ, Gao P. Quality markers of Dajianzhong decoction based on multicomponent qualitative and quantitative analysis combined with network pharmacology and chemometric analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:146-162. [PMID: 37731278 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dajianzhong decoction (DJZD), a classic famous prescription, has a long history of medicinal application. Modern studies have demonstrated its clinical utility in the treatment of postoperative ileus (POI). But none of the current quality evaluation methods for this compound is associated with efficacy. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the quality markers (Q-Markers) connected to the treatment of POI in DJZD. METHODOLOGY Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS) was used to identify the main constituents in DJZD. Based on the qualitative results obtained by fingerprinting, chemical pattern recognition (CPR) was used to analyse the key components affecting the quality and finally to establish the network of the active ingredients in DJZD with POI. RESULTS A total of 64 chemical components were detected. After fingerprint analysis, 13 common peaks were identified. The fingerprint similarity of 15 batches of samples ranged from 0.860 to 1.000. CPR analysis was able to categorically classify 15 batches of DJZD into two groups. And gingerenone A, methyl-6-gingerdiol, 6-gingerol, and hydroxy-β-sanshool contributed to their grouping. Twelve common components interact with the therapeutic targets for treating POI. In addition, the mechanism of this prescription for treating POI may be related to the jurisdiction of the neurological system, the immunological system, and the inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS This integrated approach can accurately assess and forecast the quality of DJZD, presume the Q-Markers of DJZD for POI, and lay the foundation for studying the theoretical underpinnings and exploring the mechanism of DJZD in the treatment of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Run-Run Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Nan Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Zhu-Feng Cong
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Qing Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, P. R. China
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Onoda T, Tanaka H, Ishii T. Bibliometric analysis of Kampo medicine hotspots and trends for the decade: 2013-2022. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35897. [PMID: 37932994 PMCID: PMC10627683 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kampo medicine is a traditional medicine that originated in ancient China and has since developed as a uniquely Japanese medicine. Although Kampo medicine is one of Japan's most important therapeutic modalities and numerous papers have been published recently, information on current hotspots and trends in Kampo research is lacking. This bibliometric analysis of Kampo medicine surveyed the latest research hotspots and trends. METHODS Articles on Kampo medicine were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. We used medical subject headings related to Kampo medicine and searched for publications from 2013 to 2022. The retrieved articles were analyzed for countries, authors, journals, references, and keywords related to Kampo medicine using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and SCImago Graphica. RESULTS A total of 1170 articles were included. The number of Kampo medicine-related publications and citations has recently increased, mainly from Japan. Author Keiko Ogawa-Ochiai published the most papers (40 papers), while Yoshio Kase had the highest frequency at 663 citations. Among the co-cited authors, Toru Kono was the most cited and had the highest total link strength. The journal with the most submissions was Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. A comprehensive keyword and literature analysis revealed the following research hotspots: "Yokukansan and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia," "Ninjinyoeito and geriatric care," "Daikenchuto and postoperative gastrointestinal cancer," and "Rikkunshito and functional dyspepsia." We also identified a new research frontier by identifying an association between hochuekkito and COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal trends in Kampo medicine research, with specific hotspots and the authors and publications with the largest research impact. Collecting a large volume of literature data, analyzing the impact of studies, and identifying research hotspots, as in this study, will provide researchers with future directions for Kampo research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Onoda
- Department of Practical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Practical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ishii
- Department of Practical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
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Mitani T, Yawata Y, Yamamoto N, Okuno Y, Sakamoto H, Nishide M, Kayano SI. Stabilization of Hydroxy-α-Sanshool by Antioxidants Present in the Genus Zanthoxylum. Foods 2023; 12:3444. [PMID: 37761152 PMCID: PMC10529024 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese pepper (sansho, Zanthoxylum piperitum) contains several types of sanshools belonging to N-alkylamides. Because of the long-chain unsaturated fatty acids present in their structure, sanshools are prone to oxidative deterioration, which poses problems in processing. In this paper, we evaluated the effects of antioxidants from the genus Zanthoxylum in preventing sanshool degradation using accelerated tests. An ethanolic extract of segment membranes of the sansho fruit pericarp was incubated at 70 °C for 7 days with different antioxidants to determine the residual amount of hydroxy-α-sanshool (HαS) in the extract. α-Tocopherol (α-Toc) showed excellent HαS-stabilizing activity at low concentrations. Among phenolic acids, we noted that the HαS-stabilizing activity increased with the number of hydroxy groups per molecule. For example, gallic acid and its derivatives exhibited excellent sanshool-stabilizing activity. Quercetin was found to be a superior HαS stabilizer compared with hesperetin and naringenin. However, the effective concentration was much higher for phenolic compounds than for α-Toc. These substances are believed to play a role in preventing the decomposition of sanshools in the pericarp of sansho. These sanshool stabilizers should be useful in the development of new beverages, foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals that take advantage of the taste and flavor of sansho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Mitani
- Center of Regional Revitalization, Research Center for Food and Agriculture, Wakayama University, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yawata
- Center of Regional Revitalization, Research Center for Food and Agriculture, Wakayama University, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Nami Yamamoto
- Faculty of Education, Wakayama University, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan;
| | - Yoshiharu Okuno
- Department of Material Science, Wakayama National College of Technology, Gobo 644-0023, Japan;
| | - Hidefumi Sakamoto
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan;
| | - Mitsunori Nishide
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Wakayama Shin-Ai Women’s Junior College, Wakayama 640-0341, Japan;
| | - Shin-ichi Kayano
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Koryo-cho, Nara 635-0832, Japan;
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Li C, Zhang J, Liu H, Yuan H, Cai J, Fogaça MV, Zhang YW. The synergistic mechanism of action of Dajianzhong decoction in conjunction with ketamine in the treatment of depression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115137. [PMID: 37453197 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a multifactorial syndrome with a variety of underlying pathological mechanisms. While ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, exhibits a rapid antidepressant action in the central never system (CNS), the potential addiction and psychotomimetic adverse effects of ketamine limit its chronic use in clinical practice. Therefore, it is necessary to discover an additional agent that shows a synergistic antidepressant activity with ketamine to sustain its therapeutic action so as to reduce its use frequency in depression treatment. The present study indicated that Dajianzhong decoction (DJZT), an empirical herbal formula used for the clinical treatment of several inflammation-related intestinal disorders, sustains behavioral and synaptic action of ketamine in depressive mouse models. Additionally, ketamine was also demonstrated to exert a synergistic action with DJZT to alleviate the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced abnormalities in gut barrier proteins and colonic histology, and subsequently to normalize the diversity and composition of gut microbiota. Furthermore, DJZT was shown to possess an anti-inflammatory activity to prevent activation of NF-κB from releasing proinflammatory cytokines, specifically through inhibiting Th17 cells/IL-17A pathway. Our results uncovered the mechanism of action of DJZT in conjunction with ketamine in depression treatment by which these agents target different pathological factors across biological systems and exert a synergistic activity through a bidirectional communication in the gut-brain axis, and also provided new insights into the systematic treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiping Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hanhe Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huijie Yuan
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianxin Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Manoela V Fogaça
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yuan-Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Investigating Key Targets of Dajianzhong Decoction for Treating Crohn’s Disease Using Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Crohn’s disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease, cases of which have substantially increased in recent years. The classical formula Dajianzhong decoction (DD, Japanese: Daikenchuto) is often used to treat CD, but few studies have evaluated related therapeutic mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the potential targets and mechanisms of DD used for treating CD at the molecular level through the weighted gene co-expression network. Methods: The main chemical components of the three DD herbs (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim., Zingiber officinale (Willd.) Rosc., and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) were searched for using the HERB database. The targets for each component were identified using the SwissTargetPrediction and HERB databases, whereas the disease targets for CD were retrieved from the GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. The functional enrichment analysis was performed on the common targets of DD and CD. High-throughput sequencing data for CD patients were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and WGCNA was performed to identify the key targets. The association between the key targets and DD ingredients was verified using molecular docking. Results: By analyzing the interaction targets between DD and CD, 196 overlapping genes were identified. The enrichment results indicated that the PI3K-AKT, TNF, MAPK, and IL-17 signaling pathways influenced the mechanism of action of DD in counteracting CD. Combined with WGCNA, four differentially expressed genes (SLC6A4, NOS2, SHBG, and ABCB1) and their corresponding 24 compounds were closely related to the occurrence of CD. Conclusions: By integrating gene co-expression network analysis, this study preliminarily reveals the internal molecular mechanism of DD in treating CD from a systematic perspective, validated by molecular docking. However, these findings require further validation.
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Ju M, Kim N, Shin CM, Park YS, Yoon H, Choi Y, Lee DH. [A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled Exploratory Clinical Trial for the Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Goodmorning S Granule ® on Constipation]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2022; 80:17-27. [PMID: 35879059 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2022.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disease that reduces the quality of life and incurs considerable medical expenses. Bisacodyl and sodium docusate are generally used to treat constipation. This study assessed the effectiveness and safety of Goodmorning S Granule® (Hanpoong Pharm. Co., Ltd., Wanju, Korea) in functional constipation by a comparison with bisacodyl. METHODS A 2-week randomized, double-blind, active-controlled exploratory clinical trial was conducted to compare the treatment (Goodmorning S Granule®) with the control (bisacodyl). The efficacy was measured by the changes in transition, Bristol stool type, stomachache, clinical manifestation, defecation time after drug consumption, 36-item short-form survey (SF-36), and the results of improvement evaluation. The safety was evaluated by the incidence of adverse drug events and vital signs. Additional analyses were conducted by dividing the severity according to the proportion of Bristol Stool Scale types 1 and 2. RESULTS Subjects were randomized to the treatment (n=24) or control (n=26) groups. No significant differences were observed in demographics. After 2 weeks from the baseline, the changes in the complete spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM) were higher in the treatment (4.00±2.62) group than in the control group (1.40±2.34) (p<0.05). The treatment group exhibited significant improvement in the score on the SF-36 questionnaire. The clinical side effects, such as stomachache and borborygmus, were reduced in the moderate constipation patients in the treatment group, according to additional analyses. CONCLUSIONS Goodmorning S Granule®, a herbal medicine, was more effective in improving quality of life and CSBM per week and safer in the moderate constipation groups because of the reduced clinical side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munjin Ju
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yonghun Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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8
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Yamamoto M. KAMPOmics: A framework for multidisciplinary and comprehensive research on Japanese traditional medicine. Gene X 2022; 831:146555. [PMID: 35569769 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Japanese medicines, known as "Kampo medicines", are pharmaceutical-grade multi-herbal treatments that are integrated within the modern medical system in Japan. Although basic and clinical research including placebo-controlled double-blind trials is attempting to clarify their effectiveness and mechanisms of action, such studies are seriously limited due to the multi-targeted, multi-component "long-tail" properties of Kampo medicines, which are fundamentally different from modern western therapeutics. However, recent progress in high-throughput analytical technology, coupled with an exponential increase in biomedical information on various levels from molecular biology to clinical "big" data, is enabling us to commence a multidisciplinary and comprehensive investigation of Kampo medicines based on multi-omics, bio-informatics, and systems biology. In addition to deriving an inclusive understanding of the benefits and mechanisms of Kampo medicines, "KAMPOmics" may lead to the development of new principles to control and treat diseases in a systems-oriented manner. Furthermore, elucidation of "sho" and "mibyo" - classical concepts of Kampo, which loosely approximate to the notions of "precise medicine" and "pre-symptomatic aberration", respectively - may contribute to the development of patient-oriented medicine, an area attracting enormous growth and interest in contemporary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamamoto
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Yoshiwara 3586, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan.
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9
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Shi Z, Takeuchi T, Nakanishi Y, Kato T, Beck K, Nagata R, Kageyama T, Ito A, Ohno H, Satoh-Takayama N. A Japanese Herbal Formula, Daikenchuto, Alleviates Experimental Colitis by Reshaping Microbial Profiles and Enhancing Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903459. [PMID: 35720414 PMCID: PMC9201393 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Daikenchuto (DKT) is one of the most widely used Japanese herbal formulae for various gastrointestinal disorders. It consists of Zanthoxylum Fructus (Japanese pepper), Zingiberis Siccatum Rhizoma (processed ginger), Ginseng radix, and maltose powder. However, the use of DKT in clinical settings is still controversial due to the limited molecular evidence and largely unknown therapeutic effects. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory actions of DKT in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model in mice. We observed that DKT remarkably attenuated the severity of experimental colitis while maintaining the members of the symbiotic microbiota such as family Lactobacillaceae and increasing levels of propionate, an immunomodulatory microbial metabolite, in the colon. DKT also protected colonic epithelial integrity by upregulating the fucosyltransferase gene Fut2 and the antimicrobial peptide gene Reg3g. More remarkably, DKT restored the reduced colonic group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), mainly RORγthigh-ILC3s, in DSS-induced colitis. We further demonstrated that ILC3-deficient mice showed increased mortality during experimental colitis, suggesting that ILC3s play a protective function on colonic inflammation. These findings demonstrate that DKT possesses anti-inflammatory activity, partly via ILC3 function, to maintain the colonic microenvironment. Our study also provides insights into the molecular basis of herbal medicine effects, promotes more profound mechanistic studies towards herbal formulae and contributes to future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Shi
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Takeuchi
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakanishi
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kato
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Katharina Beck
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ritsu Nagata
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kageyama
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ito
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoko Satoh-Takayama
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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10
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Wada Y, Nishiyama M, Uehara H, Sato K, Hamamoto Y, Ogihara H, Nishi A, Asakawa T, Yamamoto M. Microbiome biomarkers associated with the gut contraction response elicited by the Japanese traditional medicine daikenchuto. Gene 2022; 826:146262. [PMID: 35257788 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective biomarkers are crucial in the development of personalized medicines, such as Japanese traditional medicine (Kampo). To date, some objective markers to predict the response of Kampo medicines have been reported, but the information is somewhat limited. The aim of this study was to search for objective markers and combinations thereof to estimate the effect of the Japanese traditional medicine daikenchuto (DKT) on colon contraction intensity in guinea pigs. Specifically, the microbiome biomarkers were employed as candidate, using the Fisher ratio and the nearest neighbor classifier for statistical pattern recognition. The combination of the ratio between gut microbes of family Ruminococcaceae/Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae/Paraprevotellaceae, and genus Ruminococcus/unknown genus in family Rikenellaceae of guinea pig gut microbes was found to influence the activity of DKT with 0.8 accuracy for test samples. These findings suggest that statistical pattern recognition can contribute to identifying target markers of multi-target drugs such as Kampo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wada
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan.
| | - Mitsue Nishiyama
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Hideaki Uehara
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sato
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hamamoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogihara
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Asakawa
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
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11
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Kono T, Maejima T, Ono Y, Ito T, Furukawa S, Nishiyama M, Yamamoto M, Sugitani A, Karasaki H, Mizukami Y, Maemoto A. Distinct effects of TU-100 (daikenchuto) on long-lasting dysbiosis in the small intestine in patients with colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Gene 2022; 820:146266. [PMID: 35134471 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The profile of the human small intestinal microbiota remains to be uncovered primarily due to sampling difficulties. Ileostomy provides the intestinal luminal contents as ileostomy effluents (IE) that offer opportunity for performing extensive analyses of nutrients, gastrointestinal fluids, metabolites, and microbiome. In the present study, we evaluated changes in the microbiome, pH, and bacterial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in IE obtained from patients who had undergone ileostomy following surgical resection of colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We enrolled 11 patients who varied in the duration of ileostomy from 3 days to >5 years after surgery and had no inflammation in the small intestine. The analyses suggested that IE from patients previously having IBD had less diversity and greater intraday and interday fluctuations, and increased pH and decreased levels of propionic acid and acetic acid than those in IE from patients previously having cancer. Furthermore, correlation analysis suggested a possible effect of the intestinal microbiome on luminal pH, presumably via SCFA production. The present study suggested that inflammation in the colon may induce long-term dysbiosis in the small intestine even after removal of diseased parts of the colon. Moreover, pharmaceutical-grade Japanese traditional medicine daikenchuto (TU-100) was found to have beneficial effects on postoperative bowel dysfunction and the human small intestinal microbiota. Taken together, these results suggest the necessity of a direct remedy for dysbiosis and the treatment of gastrointestinal lesions to achieve favorable outcomes for chronic gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kono
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 065-0033, Japan
| | - Taku Maejima
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 065-0033, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 065-0033, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 065-0033, Japan
| | - Shigeru Furukawa
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 065-0033, Japan
| | - Mitsue Nishiyama
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Ayumu Sugitani
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 065-0033, Japan
| | - Hidenori Karasaki
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 065-0033, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mizukami
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 065-0033, Japan; Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Atsuo Maemoto
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 065-0033, Japan.
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Shimazutsu K, Watadani Y, Ohge H. Efficacy and Safety of the Japanese Herbal Medicine Daikenchuto (DKT) in Elderly Fecal Incontinence Patients: A Prospective Study. J Anus Rectum Colon 2022; 6:32-39. [PMID: 35128135 PMCID: PMC8801247 DOI: 10.23922/jarc.2021-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Methods: Results: Conclusions:
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusuke Watadani
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Hiroki Ohge
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital
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13
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Identification of oxytocin receptor activating chemical components from traditional Japanese medicines. J Food Drug Anal 2021; 29:653-675. [PMID: 35649140 PMCID: PMC9931015 DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.3381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (Oxt) is known to regulate social communication, stress and body weight. The activation of Oxt receptors (OTR) has clinical potential to abate stress disorders and metabolic syndrome. Kamikihito (KKT) is a traditional Japanese medicine used to treat psychological stress-related disorders. We investigated the effects of KKT, its ingredients and chemical components on Oxt neurons and OTR. C-Fos expression was examined after oral and peripheral administration of KKT in rats. Electrophysiological change of Oxt neurons and Oxt release upon application of KKT were measured in rat brain slice. The direct effect of KKT, its ingredients and its chemical components were examined by cytosolic Ca2+([Ca2+]i) measurement in Oxt neurons and OTR-expressing HEK293 cells. Both intraperitoneal and oral administration of KKT in rats induced c-Fos expression in neurons of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) including Oxt neurons. Application of KKT induced activation of Oxt neurons and Oxt release. KKT increased [Ca2+]i in OTR-expressing HEK293 cells, and failed to activate with OTR antagonist. KKT-induced PVN Oxt neuron activation was also attenuated by OTR antagonist. Seven chemical components (rutin, ursolic acid, (Z )-butylidenephtalide, p-cymene, senkunolide, [6]-shogaol, [8]-shogaol) of three ingredients (Zizyphi Fructus, Angelicae Acutilobae Radix, Zingiberis Rhizoma) from KKT had potential to activate OTR. KKT can directly activate PVN Oxt neurons by interacting with OTR. The interaction of seven chemical components from KKT may contribute to activate OTR. Effect of KKT on Oxt neurons and OTR may contribute to the treatment of Oxt related disorders.
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Lin W, Jiang C, Yu H, Wang L, Li J, Liu X, Wang L, Yang H. The effects of Fushen Granule on the composition and function of the gut microbiota during Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:153561. [PMID: 33857850 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an acknowledged treatment for patients with irreversible kidney failure. The treatment usually causes peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis (PDRP), a common complication of PD that can lead to inadequate dialysis, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and even death. Recent studies indicated that Fushen Granule (FSG), a Chinese herbal formula, improves the treatment of PD. However, the mechanism of how FSG plays its role in the improvement is still unclear. Gut microbiota has been closely related to the development of various diseases. We carried out a randomized controlled trial to assess whether FSG can modulate the gut microbiota during PDRP treatment. METHODS Forty-two PDRP patients were recruited into the clinical trial, and they were randomly divided into control(CON), probiotics(PRO) or Fushen granule group(FSG). To check whether FSG improve the PD treatment, we assessed the clinical parameters, including albumin(ALB), hemoglobin(HGB), blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and creatinine(CR). Fecal samples were collected before hospitalization and discharge, and stored at -80°C within 1 hour. And we assessed the microbial population and function by applying the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and functional enrichment analysis. RESULTS Compared to control group, ALB is improved in both probiotics and FSG groups, while HGB is increased but BUN and CR is reduced in FSG group. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that FSG and PRO affected the composition of the microbial community. FSG significantly increased a abundant represented by Bacteroides, Megamonas and Rothia, which was significantly correlated with the improvements in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that FSG ameliorates the nutritional status and improves the quality of life by enriching beneficial bacteria associated with metabolism. These results indicate that FSG as alternative medicine is a promising treatment for patients with PDRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, PR China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, PR China
| | - Hangxing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, PR China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, PR China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, PR China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, PR China.
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15
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Sasaki K, Sasaki D, Sasaki K, Nishidono Y, Yamamori A, Tanaka K, Kondo A. Growth stimulation of Bifidobacterium from human colon using daikenchuto in an in vitro model of human intestinal microbiota. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4580. [PMID: 33633259 PMCID: PMC7907203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Daikenchuto (DKT) is a Japanese traditional herbal (Kampo) medicine containing ginseng, processed ginger, and Japanese or Chinese pepper. We aimed to determine how DKT affects human colonic microbiota. An in vitro microbiota model was established using fecal inocula collected from nine healthy volunteers, and each model was found to retain operational taxonomic units similar to the ones in the original human fecal samples. DKT was added to the in vitro microbiota model culture at a concentration of 0.5% by weight. Next-generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed a significant increase in the relative abundance of bacteria related to the Bifidobacterium genus in the model after incubation with DKT. In pure cultures, DKT significantly promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, but not that of Fusobacterium nucleatum or Escherichia coli. Additionally, in pure cultures, B. adolescentis transformed ginsenoside Rc to Rd, which was then probably utilized for its growth. Our study reveals the in vitro bifidogenic effect of DKT that likely contributes to its beneficial effects on the human colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Katsunori Sasaki
- Sumitomo Chemical, Co., Ltd., 27-1 Shinkawa 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8260, Japan
| | - Yuto Nishidono
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamamori
- Sumitomo Chemical, Co., Ltd., 27-1 Shinkawa 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8260, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
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16
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Ohbe H, Jo T, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Yasunaga H. Effect of Daikenchuto for Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Enteral Feeding Intolerance: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis Using a Nationwide Administrative Inpatient Database. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 45:1703-1713. [PMID: 33483948 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daikenchuto, a Japanese herbal Kampo medicine, is used to improve gastrointestinal motility in critically ill patients with enteral feeding intolerance (EFI) in Japan. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Daikenchuto for critically ill patients with EFI. METHODS Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database from July 2010 to March 2018, we identified mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units (ICUs) who had EFI during mechanical ventilation. We defined EFI as receipt of intravenous metoclopramide during mechanical ventilation. Patients who started Daikenchuto within 2 days of EFI onset were defined as the Daikenchuto group, and the remaining patients were defined as the control group. Propensity score-matched analyses were performed to compare the outcomes between the 2 groups. RESULTS A total of 61,454 patients were included. Of these, 8842 patients (14%) were in the Daikenchuto group. One-to-one propensity score matching created 8701 matched pairs. After propensity score matching, the total number of days receiving enteral nutrition within 28 days of EFI onset was significantly longer in the Daikenchuto group than in the control group (risk difference, 0.9 days; 95% CI, 0.5-1.3 days). There were no significant differences in 28-day in-hospital mortality, hospital-acquired pneumonia, ventilator-free days, length of ICU stay, time to discharge alive, and adverse complications. CONCLUSION This nationwide observational study suggested that use of Daikenchuto may increase the total number of days receiving enteral nutrition in mechanically ventilated patients with EFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ohbe
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Jo
- Department of Health Services Research, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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KONG LINGLING, HOSHI NAMIKO, WATANABE DAISUKE, YAMADA YASUTAKA, YASUTOMI EIICHIRO, ADACHI SOICHIRO, OOI MAKOTO, SUI YUNLONG, YOSHIDA RYUTARO, SEKIMOTO RYOHEI, TOKUNAGA ERI, MIYAZAKI HARUKA, KU YUNA, TAKENAKA HARUKA, KUNIHIRO TADAO, INOUE JUN, TIAN ZIBIN, KODAMA YUZO. Effect of Daikenchuto On Spontaneous Intestinal Tumors in Apc Min/+ Mice. THE KOBE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 66:E139-E148. [PMID: 33994517 PMCID: PMC8212804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Daikenchuto (TU-100) is herbal medicine which predominantly contains ginger, Japanese pepper, and ginseng. We investigated whether TU-100 can affect the composition of gut flora and intestinal tumor development using ApcMin/+ mice, a murine model of intestinal tumor. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing and short-chain fatty acid analysis were performed on faecal samples. Tumor number and size were analysed. Any change in gene expression of the tumor tissues was assessed by real-time PCR. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that the faecal microbiota cluster of TU-100-fed mice was different from the microbiota of control mice. However, no significant difference was observed in the concentration of short-chain fatty acids, tumor number, and gene expression levels between the two groups. Our data showed that TU-100 can affect the intestinal environment; however, it does not contribute in tumor progression or inhibition in our setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- LINGLING KONG
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - NAMIKO HOSHI
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - DAISUKE WATANABE
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - YASUTAKA YAMADA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - EIICHIRO YASUTOMI
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - SOICHIRO ADACHI
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - MAKOTO OOI
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - YUNLONG SUI
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - RYUTARO YOSHIDA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - RYOHEI SEKIMOTO
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - ERI TOKUNAGA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - HARUKA MIYAZAKI
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - YUNA KU
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - HARUKA TAKENAKA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - JUN INOUE
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - ZIBIN TIAN
- Division of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - YUZO KODAMA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
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Kogure Y, Kanda H, Wang S, Hao Y, Li J, Yamamoto S, Noguchi K, Dai Y. Daikenchuto attenuates visceral pain and suppresses eosinophil infiltration in inflammatory bowel disease in murine models. JGH Open 2020; 4:1146-1154. [PMID: 33319050 PMCID: PMC7731802 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Daikenchuto (DKT), a traditional Japanese formula, comprises four herbal medicines and is used for abdominal pain. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) and is characterized by colonic inflammation and chronic abdominal pain. The present study aimed to investigate whether DKT suppresses colonic hypersensitivity and inflammation associated with IBD in animal models. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 4% sodium dextran sulfate (DSS) or trinitrobenzene sulfate (TNBS) in the colon to establish UC or CD models, respectively. DKT and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) were administered orally once a day from Days 3 to 7 after induction of colitis. On Day 7, visceral pain and inflammation were evaluated by measuring the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distention (CRD) and inflammatory indicators, including histological score, length of leukocyte infiltration, MPO activity, and eosinophil count. RESULTS DSS and TNBS increased VMR to CRD and the inflammation indicators. DKT, but not 5-ASA, suppressed the VMR to CRD in DSS- and TNBS-treated rats. DKT and 5-ASA decreased the eosinophil count in both IBD models. In DSS-treated rats, 5-ASA, but not DKT, suppressed the MPO activity. In TNBS-treated rats, neither 5-ASA nor DKT suppressed MPO activity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that DKT is beneficial for abdominal pain associated with IBD. The anti-inflammatory effect of DKT on IBD may involve inhibition of eosinophils. The mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of DKT partially differs from that of 5-ASA. Coapplication of DKT and conventional medicine may produce a positive synergy effect for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kogure
- Department of Pharmacy, School of PharmacyHyogo University of Health SciencesKobeJapan
| | - Hirosato Kanda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of PharmacyHyogo University of Health SciencesKobeJapan
- Traditional Medicine Research CenterChinese Medicine Confucius Institute at Hyogo College of Medicine (CMCIHCM)KobeJapan
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaJapan
| | - Shenglan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of PharmacyHyogo University of Health SciencesKobeJapan
- School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaBeijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM)BeijingChina
| | - Yongbiao Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of PharmacyHyogo University of Health SciencesKobeJapan
| | - Junxiang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal MedicineDongfang Hospital of BUCMBeijingChina
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacy, School of PharmacyHyogo University of Health SciencesKobeJapan
| | - Koichi Noguchi
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaJapan
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of PharmacyHyogo University of Health SciencesKobeJapan
- Traditional Medicine Research CenterChinese Medicine Confucius Institute at Hyogo College of Medicine (CMCIHCM)KobeJapan
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaJapan
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19
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Maeda K, Katsuno H, Kono T. The Japanese Extracted Herbal Medicine Daikenchuto Increases the Contractile Activity of the Internal Anal Sphincter Muscle in Conscious Dogs. JOURNAL OF THE ANUS RECTUM AND COLON 2020; 4:193-200. [PMID: 33134601 PMCID: PMC7595681 DOI: 10.23922/jarc.2020-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the effect of the extract of daikenchuto (DKT), a Japanese Kampo medicine, on the contractile activity of the internal anal sphincter in conscious dogs. Methods: Force transducers were attached to the serosal surface of the rectum and the internal anal sphincter of male beagle dogs. In addition, the contractile activity of the rectum and the internal anal sphincter was continuously measured until 6 h after DKT administration via telemetry in the conscious state. The DKT dose was 1.5 g/body, and the administration route was intrarectal in the expectation of a direct effect on the rectoanal region. DKT was re-administered to the same animal after drug withdrawal, and the plasma concentrations of hydroxy-α-sanshool (HAS) and hydroxy-β-sanshool (HBS) before and after administration were measured. Results: After DKT administration, the contractile activity of the internal anal sphincter immediately increased, peaked at 10 min, continued for ≥1 h, and had almost disappeared after 4 h. Rectal contraction differed from that of the internal anal sphincter, with no significant contraction observed. HAS and HBS were found in the plasma of animals administered with DKT and persisted up to 2 h after the administration. Conclusions: This is the first report on in vivo telemetry demonstrating that DKT exhibited contractile effects on the dog's internal anal sphincter. The increased anal pressure and improvement of fecal incontinence symptoms observed in previous clinical studies may have been based on this sphincter contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Maeda
- International Medical Center, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Katsuno
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical Center, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Toru Kono
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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20
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Maeda H, Okada KI, Fujii T, Oba MS, Kawai M, Hirono S, Kodera Y, Sho M, Akahori T, Shimizu Y, Ambo Y, Kondo N, Murakami Y, Ohuchida J, Eguchi H, Nagano H, Sakamoto J, Yamaue H. No Significant Effect of Daikenchuto (TJ-100) on Peritoneal IL-9 and IFN-γ Levels After Pancreaticoduodenectomy. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020; 13:461-466. [PMID: 33116743 PMCID: PMC7585168 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s262082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and Background TJ-100 is a traditional Japanese medicine that affects inflammation and gastrointestinal motility, and is used as a preventive and treatment for paralytic ileus. This study aims at determining the effect of TJ-100 on the peritoneal levels of IFN-γ/IL-9, cytokines related to ileus, after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in a clinical setting. Methods This was a subsidiary study of the clinical trial investigating the effect of TJ-100 on postoperative bowel function. Ascites was collected from 180 patients using an abdominal drainage tube on postoperative day 1 and 3 after PD (POD 1 or POD 3) and used to measure 27 cytokines. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses using several perioperative variables and administration of TJ-100/placebo to determine the effect of TJ-100 on the levels of IFN-γ and IL-9. Results Peritoneal levels of IL-9 and IFN-γ decreased between POD 1 and 3 (Wilcoxon signed-rank test p<0.001). Multivariate analysis was performed after univariate analysis to select the variables and patients with a body mass index of ≥22 kg/m2, older age, use of epidural anesthesia, and longer surgery correlated with the levels of IL-9 and IFN-γ. However, we could not detect a correlation between the use of TJ-100 and cytokine levels in ascites either on POD 1 or 3. Conclusion TJ-100 did not affect peritoneal IL-9 and IFN-γ levels after PD. This was in accordance with published clinical findings showing no improvement in bowel function after PD and TJ-100 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Maeda
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 780-8505, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Okada
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mari S Oba
- Department of Medical Statistics Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawai
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
| | - Seiko Hirono
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sho
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takahiro Akahori
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Ambo
- Department of Surgery, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8555, Japan
| | - Naru Kondo
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Murakami
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Jiro Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Yamaue
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
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Kono R, Nomura S, Okuno Y, Kagiya T, Nakamura M, Utsunomiya H, Ueno M. Two Japanese pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum) fruit-derived compounds attenuate IgE-mediated allergic response in vitro and in vivo via inhibition of mast cell degranulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 885:173435. [PMID: 32745602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum piperitum (ZP, 'Japanese pepper') is a traditional medicine and pepper used in Asian countries such as Japan. Hydroxy-α-sanshool, a pungent-tasting substance contained within ZP, has been reported to slightly suppress immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mast cell degranulation. The current study aims to newly identify anti-allergic compounds derived from ZP. We examine the inhibitory mechanisms behind IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation. By inhibitory effect-guided isolation, we identified degranulation inhibitory compounds derived from ZP fruit: 1-acetoxy-7-hydroxy-3, 7-dimethylocta-2E, 5E-diene (ZP1) and 8-hydroxygeranyl acetate (ZP2). ZP1 and ZP2 inhibited IgE-mediated degranulation and A23187-mediated degranulation in RBL-2H3 mast cells. Our findings suggest the inhibition of degranulation by ZP1 and ZP2 was by inhibition of Lyn phosphorylation, followed by inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, protein kinase C alpha phosphorylation, membrane ruffling, and granule-to-plasma membrane fusion. Oral administration of ZP1 or ZP2 attenuated an IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction in mice. Histological observation suggests that this effect occurred via inhibition of mast cell degranulation. These findings indicate that ZP1 and ZP2 attenuate allergic reaction via inhibition of IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kono
- Department of Strategic Surveillance for Functional Food and Comprehensive Traditional Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Nomura
- Department of Strategic Surveillance for Functional Food and Comprehensive Traditional Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Okuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Wakayama College, 77 Noshima, Nada, Gobo, Wakayama, 644-0023, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Kagiya
- Faculty of Health Science, Kansai University of Health Science, 2-11-1 Wakaba, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0482, Japan.
| | - Misa Nakamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, 158 Mizuma, Kaizuka City, Osaka, 597-0104, Japan.
| | - Hirotoshi Utsunomiya
- Department of Strategic Surveillance for Functional Food and Comprehensive Traditional Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan.
| | - Masami Ueno
- Research Center for Community Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan.
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Suzuki S, Takayama S, Kikuchi A, Arita R, Abe M, Saito R, Kanamori M, Tominaga T, Ishii T. Orengedokuto and shosaikoto for intractable intracranial carmustine implant-induced fever in a patient with brain tumor: A case report. Explore (NY) 2020; 17:236-238. [PMID: 32900615 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anaplastic astrocytoma has a dismal prognosis with conventional treatment. Multidisciplinary treatment is needed to control the disease; however, side effects of the treatment reduce a patient's quality of life (QOL). Carmustine-impregnated wafers (Gliadel®, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), one of the treatment modalities for anaplastic astrocytoma, has been reported to have drug-induced fever as a side effect. CASE REPORT A 36-year-old man underwent excision for a recurrent brain tumor. Histopathological examination established a diagnosis of anaplastic astrocytoma and an intracranial carmustine implant was placed for local chemotherapy. Postoperatively, the patient developed high fever, which could not be controlled using antipyretics. The high fever ameliorated dramatically after the administration of Kampo medicines, specifically orengedokuto and shosaikoto, and the patient could continue chemotherapy. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of successful treatment of intractable carmustine implant-induced fever using Kampo medicine. In this case, Kampo medicine led to an improvement of QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Suzuki
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin Takayama
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kikuchi
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Arita
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiaki Abe
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kanamori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines in Postoperative Abdominal Adhesion. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8073467. [PMID: 32419827 PMCID: PMC7199640 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8073467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion is a frequent complication after abdominal surgery. Although various methods have been applied to prevent and treat postoperative abdominal adhesion (PAA), few modern drugs designed for clinical applications have reached the expected preventive or therapeutic effect so far. There is an imperative to develop some new strategies for the treatment of PAA. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely practiced for thousands of years and played an indispensable role in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Modern medicine researchers have accepted the therapeutic effects of many active components derived from Chinese medicinal herbs. The review stresses the most commonly used TCM treatment, including Chinese medicinal herbals and monomers, TCM formulas, and acupuncture treatment.
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Ohbuchi K, Sakurai N, Kitagawa H, Sato M, Suzuki H, Kushida H, Nishi A, Yamamoto M, Hanazaki K, Arita M. Differential annotation of converted metabolites (DAC-Met): Exploration of Maoto (Ma-huang-tang)-derived metabolites in plasma using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Metabolomics 2020; 16:63. [PMID: 32335721 PMCID: PMC7183508 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditional herbal medicine (THM) contains a vast number of natural compounds with varying degrees of pharmacological activity. To elucidate the mode of action, comprehensive metabolite profiling in the plasma before and after administration of THM is essential. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore and identify/annotate converted metabolites after administration of THM in humans. METHODS We performed untargeted metabolome analysis of human plasma collected before and after administration of maoto (ma-huang-tang), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine. Maoto-derived metabolites were then selected and annotated following the DAC-Met strategy, which is an annotation method that uses mass differences of major metabolic reactions among the detected peaks and a differential network analysis. RESULTS About 80% of maoto-derived components were found to be converted forms. Following DAC-Met, the structures of 15 previously unidentified metabolites were determined, and five of these were later confirmed with authentic standards. Using published literature, we also reconstructed the metabolic pathway of maoto components in humans. A kinetic time-course analysis revealed their diverse kinetic profiles. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that time-resolved comprehensive metabolite profiling in plasma using the DAC-Met strategy is highly useful for elucidating the complex nature of THM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & CO, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan.
| | - Nozomu Sakurai
- National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Masaru Sato
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kushida
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & CO, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & CO, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & CO, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hanazaki
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Masanori Arita
- National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
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The Structure Features and Improving Effects of Polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus on Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 9:antibiotics9010008. [PMID: 31877915 PMCID: PMC7168208 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (Astragalus) is often used as a medical and food resource in China. The present study was designed to investigate the features and effects of polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus (WAP) on rats with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). WAP was mainly composed of glucose, galactose, arabinose and glacturonic acid, with glucan, arabinogalactan and RG-I regions, and it showed loosely irregular sheet conformation. WAP decreased the inflammatory cell infiltration of colon in AAD rats, increased propionate and butyrate production, improved metabolic levels, adjusted the diversity and composition of gut microbiota, increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas, and decreased the relative abundance of Allobaculum and Coprococcus. In conclusion, WAP contained different types of polysaccharide regions and sheet three-dimensional conformation, while it ameliorated AAD by recovering the colon structure, adjusting the gut microbiota, and improving the SCFAs levels. The results can provide some data basis for natural products to alleviate the side effects related to antibiotics.
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The Acute and Chronic Cognitive and Cerebral Blood-Flow Effects of Nepalese Pepper ( Zanthoxylum armatum DC.) Extract-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Humans. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123022. [PMID: 31835620 PMCID: PMC6950039 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (ZA) is a traditional Asian culinary spice and medicinal compound, which is rich in monoterpenes and hydroxy α-sanshool. Mechanistic interactions with the monoamine, cholinergic and cannabinoid neurotransmission systems, as well as transient receptor potential (TRP) and potassium ion channels, may predispose ZA to modulate human brain function. Objectives: To investigate the effects of a single dose and 56-days supplementation with a lipid extract of ZA on cognitive function, mood and cerebral blood-flow (CBF) parameters in the pre-frontal cortex during cognitive task performance. Design: Double-blind, randomized, parallel groups study with N = 82 healthy males and females between the ages of 30 and 55 years. Assessments were undertaken pre-dose and at 1, 3 and 5 hours post-dose on the first (Day 1) and last (Day 56) days of supplementation. Results: A single dose of ZA (Day 1) resulted in acute improvements on a 'Speed of Attention' factor and the Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP) task, in comparison to placebo. However, following ZA participants were less accurate on the name-to-face recall task. After 56 days of ZA consumption (Day 56), speed was enhanced on a global 'Speed of Performance' measure, comprising data from all of the timed tasks in the computerized battery. Participants also completed more correct Serial 3s Subtractions at the 3 hours assessment and were less mentally fatigued throughout the day than participants consuming placebo. These effects were complemented on both Day 1 and Day 56 by modulation of CBF parameters, as assessed by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). The primary finding here was a reduced hemodynamic response during the RVIP task. Conclusion: ZA improves aspects of cognitive performance, in particular the speed of performing tasks, in healthy humans and results in concomitant reductions in hemodynamic responses in the frontal cortex during task performance. The findings suggest an increase in neural efficiency following ZA.
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Kubota K, Mase A, Matsushima H, Fujitsuka N, Yamamoto M, Morine Y, Taketomi A, Kono T, Shimada M. Daikenchuto, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, promotes colonic transit by inducing a propulsive movement pattern. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13689. [PMID: 31374154 PMCID: PMC6852043 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The traditional Japanese herbal medicine, daikenchuto (DKT), has been used to treat constipation and postoperative ileus. However, the precise mechanisms involved in the pharmacological effects of DKT remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of DKT on motor patterns and transit activity in the isolated rat colon. METHODS The entire colon or segments of the proximal colon in rats were isolated and placed in Krebs solution. The motility of the colon was evaluated by analyzing spatiotemporal maps of diameter derived from video imaging and measuring the intraluminal pressure in the anal end of the proximal colon, and the transit time of a plastic bead through the entire isolated colon. KEY RESULTS Several types of propagating contractions were observed in the isolated entire colon. When DKT was added to Krebs solution, the frequency of large-extent anal propagating contractions increased. DKT treatment increased the intraluminal pressure in the isolated proximal colon, which was related to the propagating contractions. This effect was abolished by treatment with the neural blocker tetrodotoxin. These findings suggest DKT induced peristaltic contractions in the isolated colon. DKT accelerated colonic transit activity, which was related to peristaltic contractions induction in the colon. These effects were also observed in the colons treated with bethanechol and the active ingredient of DKT, hydroxy-α-sanshool. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Daikenchuto could enhance colonic transit activity by inducing peristaltic contractions, which may be mediated by the activation of the enteric nervous system in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunitsugu Kubota
- Tsumura Kampo Research LaboratoriesTsumura & Co.IbarakiJapan,Department of Digestive Surgery and TransplantationTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Akihito Mase
- Tsumura Kampo Research LaboratoriesTsumura & Co.IbarakiJapan
| | | | - Naoki Fujitsuka
- Tsumura Kampo Research LaboratoriesTsumura & Co.IbarakiJapan
| | | | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Digestive Surgery and TransplantationTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery IHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Toru Kono
- Department of Digestive Surgery and TransplantationTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery IHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan,Center for Clinical and Biomedical ResearchSapporo Higashi Tokushukai HospitalSapporoJapan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Digestive Surgery and TransplantationTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
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Hosaka M, Arai I, Ishiura Y, Ito T, Seki Y, Naito T, Masuzawa Y, Nakayama T, Motoo Y. Efficacy of daikenchuto, a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, for postoperative intestinal dysfunction in patients with gastrointestinal cancers: meta-analysis. Int J Clin Oncol 2019; 24:1385-1396. [PMID: 31297704 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-019-01502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Japan Society for Oriental Medicine makes a compilation of structured abstracts of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Kampo medicines available on its Evidence Reports of Kampo Treatment (EKAT) website. METHODS Using EKAT, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of using daikenchuto ( https://mpdb.nibiohn.go.jp/stork ) for bowel dysfunction after surgery for gastrointestinal cancer. The primary outcomes were the time to first postoperative flatus and the time to first postoperative bowel movement (BM). RESULTS We found nine relevant RCTs. The mean differences between the daikenchuto group and control group (daikenchuto was not administered) were - 0.43 (95% CI: - 0.77 to - 0.09) days for the time to first postoperative flatus, - 0.29 (95% CI: - 0.59 to 0.01) days for the time to first postoperative BM, and - 0.95 (95% CI: - 1.70 to - 0.21) days for the length of postoperative hospital stay, and the risk ratio of the incidence of intestinal obstruction was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.35-1.03). The time to first postoperative flatus and the length of postoperative hospital stay were significantly shorter in the daikenchuto group than those in the control group (P = 0.01). However, only double-blind studies were evaluated; the results turned to be non-significant. CONCLUSION As a result of meta-analysis by all retrieved according to the registered protocol, daikenchuto was efficacious in improving postoperative bowel dysfunction in patients with gastrointestinal cancers. However, limiting to articles with description of COI and blindness, significance disappeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Hosaka
- Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Arai
- Division of Kampo Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Ishiura
- Department of Respiratory, Oncology and Allergy Medicine, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Osaka, 570-8507, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, 224-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Seki
- Department of Hematology, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, 949-7302, Japan
| | - Tateaki Naito
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan
| | - Yuko Masuzawa
- Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakayama
- Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Motoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
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Balkrishna A, Ranjan R, Sakat SS, Sharma VK, Shukla R, Joshi K, Devkar R, Sharma N, Saklani S, Pathak P, Kumari P, Agarwal VR. Evaluation of polyherbal ayurvedic formulation 'Peedantak Vati' for anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:361-374. [PMID: 30703493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Peedantak Vati (PV) is a polyherbal ayurvedic formulation, which is regularly prescribed by the ayurvedic practitioner for the inflammatory disorders and joints pain in India. It is composed of 23 different herbs and minerals, described in ayurvedic text for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive potential of 'Peedantak Vati' using in vitro and in vivo methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of PV was studied by estimating nitric oxide (NO) and LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, using murine macrophage RAW264.7 and human monocyte THP-1 cell lines. PV's anti-inflammatory potential was studied in vivo using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. Similarly, anti-nociceptive property of PV was evaluated using hot plate, tail flick, formalin and writhing tests on CD-1 mice. Phytochemical profiling of hydro-alcoholic extract of PV was done using HPLC and HPTLC techniques to identify different marker compounds. These identified marker compounds were confirmed using LC-MS/MS analysis. RESULTS In vitro results strongly suggest that, PV significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited NO release and LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, in murine RAW264.7 and human THP-1 cells. Further, PV demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity at different time points after carrageenan injection with maximum effect at 2 h (40.4 ± 5.2% at 400 mg/kg). Similarly, PV significantly (p < 0.05) decreased nociceptive pain, studied using hot plate, tail flick, formalin and writhing tests. Moreover, HPLC and HPTLC methods were developed for the standardization of PV. Five marker phytocompounds viz. rutin, caffeic acid, colchicine, withaferin A and curcumin were identified and quantified by HPLC and HPTLC methods. The presence of these phytoconstituents was confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis. CONCLUSION The findings of the study strongly suggest that, the polyherbal ayurvedic formulation 'Peedantak Vati' possesses remarkable anti-inflammatory and analgesic property, providing potent alternative for currently available allopathic medicines such as non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Ravikant Ranjan
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India.
| | - Sachin S Sakat
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Vinay K Sharma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Ravikant Shukla
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Khemraj Joshi
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Raviraj Devkar
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Niti Sharma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Sonia Saklani
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Prateek Pathak
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Pratima Kumari
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Veena R Agarwal
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
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Serum from Jiao-Tai-Wan treated rats increases glucose consumption by 3T3-L1 adipocytes through AMPK pathway signaling. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181286. [PMID: 30886061 PMCID: PMC6449522 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin resistance. Jiao-Tai-Wan (JTW), a traditional Chinese medicine consisting of a 10:1 formulation of Rhizoma Coptidis (RC) and Cortex Cinnamomi (cinnamon) was shown to have hypoglycemic efficacy in a type 2 diabetic mouse model. Here we investigated whether glucose consumption by insulin-resistant adipocytes could be modulated by serum from JTW-treated rats, and if so, through what mechanism. JTW-medicated serum was prepared from rats following oral administration of JTW decoction twice a day for 4 days. Fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes – rendered insulin resistance by dexamethasone treatment – were cultured in medium containing JTW-medicated rat serum. JTW-medicated serum treatment increased glucose uptake, up-regulated levels of phosphorylated adenosine 5′-monophoshate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and stimulated expression and translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). JTW-medicated serum induced significantly greater up-regulation of p-AMPK and GLUT4 than either RC or cinnamon-medicated serum. JTW-medicated serum induced effects on 3T3-L1 adipocytes could be partially inhibited by treatment with the AMPK inhibitor compound C. In conclusion, JTW-medicated serum increased glucose consumption by IR adipocytes partially through the activation of the AMPK pathway, and JTW was more effective on glucose consumption than either RC or cinnamon alone.
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Daikenchuto accelerates the recovery from prolonged postoperative ileus after open abdominal surgery: a subgroup analysis of three randomized controlled trials. Surg Today 2019; 49:704-711. [PMID: 30805720 PMCID: PMC6647501 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-019-01787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Prolonged postoperative ileus (POI) is a common complication after open abdominal surgery (OAS). Daikenchuto (DKT), a traditional Japanese medicine that peripherally stimulates the neurogenic pathway, is used to treat prolonged POI in Japan. To analyze whether DKT accelerates the recovery from prolonged POI after OAS, we conducted a secondary analysis of three multicenter randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods A secondary analysis of the three RCTs supported by the Japanese Foundation for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer (project numbers 39-0902, 40-1001, 42-1002) assessing the effect of DKT on prolonged POI in patients who had undergone OAS for colon, liver, or gastric cancer was performed. The subgroup included 410 patients with no bowel movement (BM) before the first diet, a DKT group (n = 214), and a placebo group (n = 196). Patients received either 5 g DKT or a placebo orally, three times a day. The primary endpoint was defined as the time from the end of surgery to the first bowel movement (FBM). A sensitivity analysis was also performed on the age, body mass index and dosage as subgroup analyses. Results The primary endpoint was significantly accelerated in the DKT group compared with the placebo group (p = 0.004; hazard ratio 1.337). The median time to the FBM was 113.8 h in the placebo group and 99.1 h in the DKT treatment group. Conclusions The subgroup analysis showed that DKT significantly accelerated the recovery from prolonged POI following OAS. Trial registration number UMIN000026292.
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Wu S, Uyama N, Itou RA, Hatano E, Tsutsui H, Fujimoto J. The Effect of Daikenchuto, Japanese Herbal Medicine, on Adhesion Formation Induced by Cecum Cauterization and Cecum Abrasion in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:179-186. [PMID: 30713250 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Daikenchuto (DKT) has been widely used for the treatment of postsurgical ileus in Japan. However, its effect on postsurgical adhesion formation has been obscure. In this study, the effect of DKT on postsurgical adhesion formation induced by cecum cauterization or cecum abrasion in mice was investigated. First, the expression of adhesion-related molecules in damaged ceca was investigated by quantitative (q)RT-PCR. During 24 h after surgery, mRNA expressions of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and Substance P (SP) in cauterized ceca and those of PAI-1 and IL-17 in abraded ceca were significantly up-regulated. Next, the effect of DKT on adhesion formation macroscopically evaluated with adhesion scoring standards. DKT (22.5-67.5 mg/d) was administered orally for 7 d during the perioperative period, and DKT did not reduce adhesion scores in either the cauterization model (control : DKT 67.5 mg/d, 4.8 ± 0.2 : 4.8 ± 0.2) or in the abrasion model (control : DKT 67.5 mg/d, 4.9 ± 0.1 : 4.5 ± 0.3). Histologically, collagen deposition and leukocyte accumulation were found at the adhesion areas of control mice in both models, and DKT supplementation did not alleviate them. Last, effect of DKT on expression of proadhesion moleculs was evaluated. DKT also failed to down-regulate mRNA expression levels of them in damaged ceca of both models. In conclusion, PAI-1 and IL-17 may be key molecules of postsurgical adhesion formation. Collagen deposition and leukocytes accumulation are histological characteristic feature of post-surgical adhesion formation. DKT may not have any preventive effect on postsurgical adhesion formation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Naoki Uyama
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Rei Atono Itou
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Hiroko Tsutsui
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Jiro Fujimoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine
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Jo T, Michihata N, Yamana H, Sasabuchi Y, Matsui H, Urushiyama H, Mitani A, Yamauchi Y, Fushimi K, Nagase T, Yasunaga H. Reduction in exacerbation of COPD in patients of advanced age using the Japanese Kampo medicine Dai-kenchu-to: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 14:129-139. [PMID: 30643399 PMCID: PMC6311323 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s181916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients with symptomatic COPD are recommended to use inhaled bronchodilators containing long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMAs). However, bronchodilators may cause gastrointestinal adverse effects due to anticholinergic reactions, especially in advanced-age patients with COPD. Dai-kenchu-to (TU-100, Da Jian Zhong Tang in Chinese) is the most frequently prescribed Japanese herbal Kampo medicine and is often prescribed to control abdominal bloating and constipation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of Dai-kenchu-to as a supportive therapy in advanced-age patients with COPD. Patients and methods We used the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database and identified patients aged ≥75 years who were hospitalized for COPD exacerbation. We then compared the risk of re-hospitalization for COPD exacerbation or death between patients with and without Dai-kenchu-to using 1-to-4 propensity score matching. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare the two groups. We performed subgroup analyses for patients with and without LAMA therapy. Results Patients treated with Dai-kenchu-to had a significantly lower risk of re-hospitalization or death after discharge; the HR was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.67–0.99) in 1-to-4 propensity score matching. Subgroup analysis of LAMA users showed a significant difference in re-hospitalization or death, while subgroup analysis of LAMA non-users showed no significant difference. Conclusion Our findings indicate that Dai-kenchu-to may have improved the tolerability of LAMA in advanced-age patients with COPD and, therefore, reduced the risk of re-hospitalization or death from COPD exacerbation. Dai-kenchu-to may be recommended as a useful supportive therapy for advanced-age patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Jo
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Nobuaki Michihata
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Hayato Yamana
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
| | | | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Urushiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Akihisa Mitani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Yasuhiro Yamauchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Maeda H, Okada KI, Fujii T, Oba MS, Kawai M, Hirono S, Kodera Y, Sho M, Akahori T, Shimizu Y, Ambo Y, Kondo N, Murakami Y, Ohuchida J, Eguchi H, Nagano H, Sakamoto J, Yamaue H. Transition of serum cytokines following pancreaticoduodenectomy: A subsidiary study of JAPAN-PD. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6847-6853. [PMID: 30333892 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study aimed to examine the effect of TJ-100, a widely used herbal medicine, on intestinal function following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled manner (JAPAN-PD study). This concomitant study investigated the effect of TJ-100 on serum cytokine levels in patients who underwent PD. Due to the fact that several clinical variables can affect the absolute values of baseline serum cytokine levels, the ratios of the cytokine levels on postoperative day (POD)3 to those on POD1 were also used for analysis. The present study enrolled 180/224 randomized patients, of whom 91 received TJ-100 and 89 received placebo. As the main findings of the analysis, Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed no significant difference in the levels of serum cytokines between the groups; however, patients in the TJ-100 group without severe inflammatory complications exhibited significantly higher ratios of interleukin (IL)-4 (n=123), IL-9 (n=72), IL-10 (n=97), PDGF-BB (n=143) and tumor necrosis factor-α (n=135), compared with patients in the Placebo Group (P<0.05). According to the results of the present study, TJ-100 has an effect on the change in serum cytokine levels from POD1 to POD3 following PD. However, the role of different transition pattern of cytokines in postoperative recovery following PD has to be investigated by further mechanical studies focusing on these extracted cytokines (ClinicalTrials.gov; no. NCT01607307; May 30, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Maeda
- Cancer Treatment Center, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Okada
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Mari S Oba
- Department of Medical Statistics Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawai
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
| | - Seiko Hirono
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sho
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takahiro Akahori
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Ambo
- Department of Surgery, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8555, Japan
| | - Naru Kondo
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Murakami
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Jiro Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 880-8510, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Yamaue
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
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Hiraishi K, Kurahara LH, Sumiyoshi M, Hu YP, Koga K, Onitsuka M, Kojima D, Yue L, Takedatsu H, Jian YW, Inoue R. Daikenchuto (Da-Jian-Zhong-Tang) ameliorates intestinal fibrosis by activating myofibroblast transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 channel. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4036-4053. [PMID: 30254408 PMCID: PMC6148431 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i35.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the anti-fibrotic effects of the traditional oriental herbal medicine Daikenchuto (DKT) associated with transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels in intestinal myofibroblasts.
METHODS Inflammatory and fibrotic changes were detected in a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) chronic colitis model of wild-type and TRPA1-knockout (TRPA1-KO) mice via pathological staining and immunoblotting analysis. Ca2+ imaging experiments examined the effects of DKT and its components/ingredients on intestinal myofibroblast (InMyoFib) cell TRPA1 channel function. Pro-fibrotic factors and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-associated signaling were tested in an InMyoFib cell line by qPCR and immunoblotting experiments. Samples from non-stenotic and stenotic regions of the intestines of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) were used for pathological analysis.
RESULTS Chronic treatment with TNBS caused more severe inflammation and fibrotic changes in TRPA1-KO than in wild-type mice. A one-week enema administration of DKT reduced fibrotic lesions in wild-type but not in TRPA1-KO mice. The active ingredients of DKT, i.e., hydroxy α-sanshool and 6-shogaol, induced Ca2+ influxes in InMyoFib, and this was antagonized by co-treatment with a selective TRPA1 channel blocker, HC-030031. DKT counteracted TGF-β1-induced expression of Type I collagen and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), which were accompanied by a reduction in the phosphorylation of Smad-2 and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) and the expression of myocardin. Importantly, 24-h incubation with a DKT active component Japanese Pepper increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of TRPA1 in InMyoFibs, which in turn negatively regulated collagen synthesis. In the stenotic regions of the intestines of CD patients, TRPA1 expression was significantly enhanced.
CONCLUSION The effects of DKT on the expression and activation of the TRPA1 channel could be advantageous for suppressing intestinal fibrosis, and benefit inflammatory bowel disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Hiraishi
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan
| | - Lin-Hai Kurahara
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan
| | - Miho Sumiyoshi
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan
| | - Yao-Peng Hu
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan
| | - Miki Onitsuka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan
| | - Daibo Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - Hidetoshi Takedatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan
| | - Yu-Wen Jian
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Ryuji Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan
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Sawada R, Iwata M, Umezaki M, Usui Y, Kobayashi T, Kubono T, Hayashi S, Kadowaki M, Yamanishi Y. KampoDB, database of predicted targets and functional annotations of natural medicines. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11216. [PMID: 30046160 PMCID: PMC6060122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural medicines (i.e., herbal medicines, traditional formulas) are useful for treatment of multifactorial and chronic diseases. Here, we present KampoDB (http://wakanmoview.inm.u-toyama.ac.jp/kampo/), a novel platform for the analysis of natural medicines, which provides various useful scientific resources on Japanese traditional formulas Kampo medicines, constituent herbal drugs, constituent compounds, and target proteins of these constituent compounds. Potential target proteins of these constituent compounds were predicted by docking simulations and machine learning methods based on large-scale omics data (e.g., genome, proteome, metabolome, interactome). The current version of KampoDB contains 42 Kampo medicines, 54 crude drugs, 1230 constituent compounds, 460 known target proteins, and 1369 potential target proteins, and has functional annotations for biological pathways and molecular functions. KampoDB is useful for mode-of-action analysis of natural medicines and prediction of new indications for a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Sawada
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Michio Iwata
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Masahito Umezaki
- Division of Chemo-Bioinformatics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Usui
- Division of Chemo-Bioinformatics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kobayashi
- Division of Chemo-Bioinformatics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takaki Kubono
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shusaku Hayashi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Makoto Kadowaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamanishi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan. .,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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Zhang L, Cheng Y, Li H, Zhou Y, Sun B, Xu L. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of daikenchuto on improving intestinal dysfunction after abdominal surgery. Ann Surg Treat Res 2018; 95:7-15. [PMID: 29963534 PMCID: PMC6024081 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2018.95.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Intestinal dysfunction is one of the most common complications in patients after abdominal surgery. Daikenchuto (DKT), a traditional herbal medicine, is recently employed to improve postoperative intestinal dysfunction. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of DKT in improving intestinal dysfunction after abdominal surgery. Methods PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trails (RCTs) in adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery, who were randomly distributed to administrate DKT and placebo. The primary outcomes included the time to first postoperative flatus or bowel movement. We used random-effects models to calculate summary mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Nine RCTs totaling 1,212 patients (618 in DKT, 594 in control group) were included in our study. Compared with control group, DKT can effectively improve postoperative intestinal dysfunction by shortening the time to first postoperative flatus (MD, −0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.66 to −0.16; P = 0.001) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 71%, P = 0.004), and bowel movement (MD, −0.65; 95% CI, −0.97 to −0.32; P < 0.001) without significant heterogeneity (I2 = 40%, P = 0.14). Sensitivity analyses by indication of surgery and type of surgery yielded similar results. Conclusion These data provide limited evidence that DKT shows efficacy on improving intestinal dysfunction after abdominal surgery. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously, due to the heterogeneity of the studies included. Thus, the efficacy of DKT on improving postoperative intestinal dysfunction warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huizi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Sun
- International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Leibo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Chaichana C, Khamwut A, Jaresitthikunchai J, Phaonakrop N, Ratanapo S, Roytrakul S, T-Thienprasert NP. A Novel Anti-cancer Peptide Extracted from Gynura pseudochina Rhizome: Cytotoxicity Dependent on Disulfide Bond Formation. Int J Pept Res Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Nobutani K, Miyoshi J, Musch MW, Nishiyama M, Watanabe J, Kaneko A, Yamamoto M, Yoshida M, Kono T, Jeong H, Chang EB. Daikenchuto (TU-100) alters murine hepatic and intestinal drug metabolizing enzymes in an in vivo dietary model: effects of gender and withdrawal. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 5. [PMID: 28971602 PMCID: PMC5625165 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines and natural products used for maintenance of health or treatment of diseases have many biological effects, including altering the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of other medications. Daikenchuto (TU‐100), an aqueous extract of ginger, ginseng, and Japanese green pepper fruit, is a commonly prescribed Kampo (Japanese herbal medicine) for postoperative ileus or bloating. The effects of TU‐100 on drug metabolism have not been investigated. In this study, we analyzed the effect of TU‐100 on expression of key drug‐metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and drug transporters (DTs) in murine liver and gastrointestinal tract using a dietary model. Liver, jejunum, and proximal colon were analyzed for phase I and II DMEs and DT mRNA expression by reverse transcription (RT) first by nonquantitative and followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and protein expression. Liver, jejunum, and proximal colon expressed some identical but also unique DMEs and DTs. TU‐100 increased the greatest changes in cytochrome (Cyp) 2b10 and Cyp3a11 and Mdr1a. Basal and TU‐100 stimulated levels of DME and DT expression were gender‐dependent, dose‐dependent and reversible after cessation of TU‐100 supplementation, except for some changes in the intestine. Quantitative Western blot analysis of protein extracts confirmed the quantitative PCR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nobutani
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jun Miyoshi
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark W Musch
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mitsue Nishiyama
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junko Watanabe
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneko
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Masaru Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toru Kono
- Center for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterologic and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hyunyoung Jeong
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Efficacy and Safety of Daikenchuto for Constipation and Dose-Dependent Differences in Clinical Effects. Int J Chronic Dis 2018; 2018:1296717. [PMID: 29693001 PMCID: PMC5859840 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1296717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Daikenchuto (DKT) is a Kampo medicine used for the treatment of constipation. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of DKT against constipation. Patients and Methods Thirty-three patients administered DKT for constipation were selected and divided into low-dose (7.5 g DKT; n = 22) and high-dose (15 g DKT; n = 11) groups. We retrospectively evaluated weekly defaecation frequency, side effects, and clinical laboratory data. Results Median defaecation frequencies after DKT administration (5, 5.5, 5, and 8 for the first, second, third, and fourth weeks, resp.) were significantly higher than that before DKT administration (2) in all 33 cases (P < 0.01). One case (3%) of watery stool, one case of loose stools (3%), and no cases of abdominal pain (0%) were observed. Median defaecation frequencies in the high-dose group (7 and 9) were significantly higher than those in the low-dose group (4 and 3) in the first (P = 0.0133) and second (P = 0.0101) weeks, respectively. There was no significant change in clinical laboratory values. Conclusion We suggest that DKT increases defaecation frequency and is safe for treating constipation.
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Hoshino N, Takada T, Hida K, Hasegawa S, Furukawa TA, Sakai Y. Daikenchuto for reducing postoperative ileus in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 4:CD012271. [PMID: 29619778 PMCID: PMC6494569 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012271.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative ileus is a major complication for persons undergoing abdominal surgery. Daikenchuto, a Japanese traditional medicine (Kampo), is a drug that may reduce postoperative ileus. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of Daikenchuto for reducing prolonged postoperative ileus in persons undergoing elective abdominal surgery. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases on 3 July 2017: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, ICHUSHI, WHO (World Health Organization) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), EU Crinical Trials registry (EU-CTR), UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), ClinicalTrials.gov, The Japan Society for Oriental Medicine (JSOM), American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endscopic Surgeons (SAGES). We set no limitations on language or date of publication. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing Daikenchuto with any control condition in adults, 18 years of age or older, undergoing elective abdominal surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We applied standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Two review authors independently reviewed the articles identified by literature searches, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias of the included studies using the Cochrane software Review Manager 5. MAIN RESULTS We included seven RCTs with a total of 1202 participants. Overall, we judged the risk of bias as low in four studies and high in three studies. We are uncertain whether Daikenchuto reduced time to first flatus (mean difference (MD) -11.32 hours, 95% confidence interval (CI) -17.45 to -5.19; two RCTs, 83 participants; very low-quality evidence), or time to first bowel movement (MD -9.44 hours, 95% CI -22.22 to 3.35; four RCTs, 500 participants; very low-quality evidence) following surgery. There was little or no difference in time to resumption of regular solid food following surgery (MD 3.64 hours, 95% CI -24.45 to 31.74; two RCTs, 258 participants; low-quality evidence). There were no adverse events in either arm of the five RCTs that reported on drug-related adverse events (risk difference (RD) 0.00, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.02, 568 participants, low-quality evidence). We are uncertain of the effect of Daikenchuto on patient satisfaction (MD 0.09, 95% CI -0.19 to 0.37; one RCT, 81 participants; very low-quality of evidence). There was little or no difference in the incidence of any re-interventions for postoperative ileus before leaving hospital (risk ratio (RR) 0.99, 95% CI 0.06 to 15.62; one RCT, 207 participants; moderate-quality evidence), or length of hospital stay (MD -0.49 days, 95% CI -1.21 to 0.22; three RCTs, 292 participants; low-quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Evidence from current literature was unclear whether Daikenchuto reduced postoperative ileus in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery, due to the small number of participants in the meta-analyses. Very low-quality evidence means we are uncertain whether Daikenchuto improved postoperative flatus or bowel movement. Further well-designed and adequately powered studies are needed to assess the efficacy of Daikenchuto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Hoshino
- Kyoto University HospitalDepartment of Surgery54 Shogoin‐Kawahara‐choSakyo‐kuKyotoJapan606‐8507
| | - Toshihiko Takada
- Fukushima Medical UniversityShirakawa Satellite for Teaching And Research (STAR) in General Medicine2‐1 Toyochi Kamiyajirou ShirakawaFukushimaShirakawa CityJapan961‐0005
| | - Koya Hida
- Kyoto University HospitalDepartment of Surgery54 Shogoin‐Kawahara‐choSakyo‐kuKyotoJapan606‐8507
| | - Suguru Hasegawa
- Fukuoka University HospitalDepartment of Surgery7‐45‐1 NanakumaJonan‐kuFukuokaJapan814‐0180
| | - Toshi A Furukawa
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public HealthDepartment of Health Promotion and Human BehaviorYoshida Konoe‐cho, Sakyo‐ku,KyotoJapan606‐8501
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Kyoto University HospitalDepartment of Surgery54 Shogoin‐Kawahara‐choSakyo‐kuKyotoJapan606‐8507
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Nozaki R, Kono T, Bochimoto H, Watanabe T, Oketani K, Sakamaki Y, Okubo N, Nakagawa K, Takeda H. Zanthoxylum fruit extract from Japanese pepper promotes autophagic cell death in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70437-70446. [PMID: 27626481 PMCID: PMC5342563 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Zanthoxylum fruit, obtained from the Japanese pepper plant (Zanthoxylum piperitum De Candolle), and its extract (Zanthoxylum fruit extract, ZFE) have multiple physiological activities (e.g., antiviral activity). However, the potential anticancer activity of ZFE has not been fully examined. In this study, we investigated the ability of ZFE to induce autophagic cell death (ACD). ZFE caused remarkable autophagy-like cytoplasmic vacuolization, inhibited cell proliferation, and ultimately induced cell death in the human cancer cell lines DLD-1, HepG2, and Caco-2, but not in A549, MCF-7, or WiDr cells. ZFE increased the level of LC3-II protein, a marker of autophagy. Knockdown of ATG5 using siRNA inhibited ZFE-induced cytoplasmic vacuolization and cell death. Moreover, in cancer cells that could be induced to undergo cell death by ZFE, the extract increased the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 attenuated both vacuolization and cell death. Based on morphology and expression of marker proteins, ZFE-induced cell death was neither apoptosis nor necrosis. Normal intestinal cells were not affected by ZFE. Taken together, our findings show that ZFE induces JNK-dependent ACD, which appears to be the main mechanism underlying its anticancer activity, suggesting a promising starting point for anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reo Nozaki
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toru Kono
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Center for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Sapporo Higashi-Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroki Bochimoto
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kaori Oketani
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sakamaki
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoto Okubo
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koji Nakagawa
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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43
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Miyoshi J, Nobutani K, Musch MW, Ringus DL, Hubert NA, Yamamoto M, Kase Y, Nishiyama M, Chang EB. Time-, Sex-, and Dose-Dependent Alterations of the Gut Microbiota by Consumption of Dietary Daikenchuto (TU-100). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:7415975. [PMID: 29681983 PMCID: PMC5842691 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7415975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Medications or dietary components can affect both the host and the host's gut microbiota. Changes in the microbiota may influence medication efficacy and interactions. Daikenchuto (TU-100), a herbal medication, comprised of ginger, ginseng, and Japanese pepper, is widely used in Japanese traditional Kampo medicine for intestinal motility and postoperative paralytic ileus. We previously showed in mice that consumption of TU-100 for 4 weeks changed the gut microbiota and increased bioavailability of bacterial ginsenoside metabolites. Since TU-100 is prescribed in humans for months to years, we examined the time- and sex-dependent effects of TU-100 on mouse gut microbiota. Oral administration of 1.5% TU-100 for 24 weeks caused more pronounced changes in gut microbiota in female than in male mice. Changes in both sexes largely reverted to baseline upon TU-100 withdrawal. Effects were time and dose dependent. The microbial profiles reverted to baseline within 4 weeks after withdrawal of 0.75% TU-100 but were sustained after withdrawal of 3% TU-100. In summary, dietary TU-100 changed mouse microbiota in a time-, sex-, and dose-dependent manner. These findings may be taken into consideration when determining optimizing dose for conditions of human health and disease with the consideration of differences in composition and response of the human intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Miyoshi
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kentaro Nobutani
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark W. Musch
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daina L. Ringus
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Hubert
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Yoshio Kase
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mitsue Nishiyama
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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44
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Nahata M, Mizuhara Y, Sadakane C, Watanabe J, Fujitsuka N, Hattori T. Influence of food on the gastric motor effect of the Kampo medicine rikkunshito in rat. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30. [PMID: 28776825 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rikkunshito, one of the Kampo medicines, is widely prescribed as a remedy for various upper gastrointestinal syndromes. The effect of rikkunshito is related to endogenous ghrelin and its active ingredient atractylodin enhances ghrelin receptor signaling. Kampo medicines are traditionally administered before or between meals; however, no definitive benefit of the timing of administration has been proven yet. To clarify the influence of food on the pharmacological action of rikkunshito, we investigated the gastric motor activity and pharmacokinetic profiles of atractylodin after the administration of rikkunshito in fasted and fed rats. METHODS Phase III-like contractions in the gastric antrum after an injection of ghrelin were measured using a strain gauge force transducer. Rikkunshito was administered to rats during fasting or after a nutrient test meal. Ghrelin was injected 30 minutes later and gastric motility was evaluated. Furthermore, after rikkunshito administration, the pharmacokinetic profiles of atractylodin in the plasma and brain of fasted and free-fed rats were assessed. KEY RESULTS Rikkunshito administration potentiated ghrelin-induced phase III-like contractions under fasting conditions. This effect was attenuated in animals fed a test meal. Atractylodin was detected pharmacokinetically in the plasma and brain after rikkunshito administration in rats, and free-fed rats exhibited a decreased maximum concentration of plasma atractylodin and a delayed time to reach the maximum concentration. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES We show that the pharmacological action of rikkunshito is influenced by food in rats. The efficacy of rikkunshito may be associated with decreased absorption of its active ingredient atractylodin when food is in the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nahata
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Y Mizuhara
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - C Sadakane
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - J Watanabe
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - N Fujitsuka
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T Hattori
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
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Chruma JJ, Cullen DJ, Bowman L, Toy PH. Polyunsaturated fatty acid amides from the Zanthoxylum genus – from culinary curiosities to probes for chemical biology. Nat Prod Rep 2018; 35:54-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c7np00044h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A critical and comprehensive review of the discovery, synthesis, and biological activities of alkamides isolated from Zanthoxylum plants and synthetic derivatives thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J. Chruma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology (MOE)
- College of Chemistry
- Sino-British Materials Research Institute
- College of Physical Science & Technology
- Sichuan University
| | | | - Lydia Bowman
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Patrick H. Toy
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
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Deconstructing the traditional Japanese medicine "Kampo": compounds, metabolites and pharmacological profile of maoto, a remedy for flu-like symptoms. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2017; 3:32. [PMID: 29075514 PMCID: PMC5654968 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-017-0032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological activities of the traditional Japanese herbal medicine (Kampo) are putatively mediated by complex interactions between multiple herbal compounds and host factors, which are difficult to characterize via the reductive approach of purifying major bioactive compounds and elucidating their mechanisms by conventional pharmacology. Here, we performed comprehensive compound, pharmacological and metabolomic analyses of maoto, a pharmaceutical-grade Kampo prescribed for flu-like symptoms, in normal and polyI:C-injected rats, the latter suffering from acute inflammation via Toll-like receptor 3 activation. In total, 352 chemical composition-determined compounds (CCDs) were detected in maoto extract by mass spectrometric analysis. After maoto treatment, 113 CCDs were newly detected in rat plasma. Of these CCDs, 19 were present in maoto extract, while 94 were presumed to be metabolites generated from maoto compounds or endogenous substances such as phospholipids. At the phenotypic level, maoto ameliorated the polyI:C-induced decrease in locomotor activity and body weight; however, body weight was not affected by individual maoto components in isolation. In accordance with symptom relief, maoto suppressed TNF-α and IL-1β, increased IL-10, and altered endogenous metabolites related to sympathetic activation and energy expenditure. Furthermore, maoto decreased inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes, and increased anti-inflammatory eicosapentaenoic acid and hydroxyl-eicosapentaenoic acids, suggesting that it has differential effects on eicosanoid metabolic pathways involving cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450s. Collectively, these data indicate that extensive profiling of compounds, metabolites and pharmacological phenotypes is essential for elucidating the mechanisms of herbal medicines, whose vast array of constituents induce a wide range of changes in xenobiotic and endogenous metabolism. Pharmacological activities of Kampo, or traditional Japanese herbal medicine, are putatively mediated by complex interactions between the plant-derived compounds and endogenous molecules. To elucidate these properties, we performed comprehensive phytochemical profiling, and pharmacological and metabolomic analyses of maoto, an herbal remedy for flu-like symptoms. In the plasma of maoto-treated rats, we detected maoto-derived compounds, metabolites produced from the chemical transformation of maoto compounds by host metabolism and gut microbes, and endogenous metabolites that were appeared following maoto administration. In an acute inflammatory rat model, maoto ameliorated symptoms of sickness behavior, suppressed inflammatory cytokines, and extensively affected common metabolites and lipid mediators. These data suggest that the diverse chemical composition of Kampo broadly affects the host’s endogenous metabolism and exerts specific pharmacological effects.
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47
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Xu J, Chen HB, Li SL. Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of the Interplay Between Herbal Medicines and Gut Microbiota. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:1140-1185. [PMID: 28052344 DOI: 10.1002/med.21431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) are much appreciated for their significant contribution to human survival and reproduction by remedial and prophylactic management of diseases. Defining the scientific basis of HMs will substantiate their value and promote their modernization. Ever-increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in HM therapy by complicated interplay with HM components. This interplay includes such activities as: gut microbiota biotransforming HM chemicals into metabolites that harbor different bioavailability and bioactivity/toxicity from their precursors; HM chemicals improving the composition of gut microbiota, consequently ameliorating its dysfunction as well as associated pathological conditions; and gut microbiota mediating the interactions (synergistic and antagonistic) between the multiple chemicals in HMs. More advanced experimental designs are recommended for future study, such as overall chemical characterization of gut microbiota-metabolized HMs, direct microbial analysis of HM-targeted gut microbiota, and precise gut microbiota research model development. The outcomes of such research can further elucidate the interactions between HMs and gut microbiota, thereby opening a new window for defining the scientific basis of HMs and for guiding HM-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, P.R. China.,Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210028, P.R. China
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Kim H, Kim HJ, Yang D, Jung MH, Kim BJ. Depolarizing Effects of Daikenchuto on Interstitial Cells of Cajal from Mouse Small Intestine. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:141-147. [PMID: 28216898 PMCID: PMC5307899 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.196312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Daikenchuto (DKT; TJ-100, TU-100), a traditional herbal medicineis used in modern medicine to treat gastrointestinal (GI) functional disorders. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are the pacemaker cells of the GI tract and play important roles in the regulation of GI motility. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of DKT on the pacemaker potentials (PPs) of cultured ICCs from murine small intestine. Materials and Methods: Enzymatic digestions were used to dissociate ICCs from mouse small intestine tissues. All experiments on ICCs were performed after 12 h of culture. The whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record ICC PPs (current clamp mode). All experiments were performed at 30-32°C. Results: In current-clamp modeDKT depolarized and concentration-dependently decreased the amplitudes of PPs. Y25130 (a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist) or SB269970 (a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist) did not block DKT-induced PP depolarization, but RS39604 (a 5-HT4 receptor antagonist) did. Methoctramine (a muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist) failed to block DKT-induced PP depolarization, but pretreating 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (a muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist) facilitated blockade of DKT-induced PP depolarization. Pretreatment with an external Ca2+-free solution or thapsigargin abolished PPsand under these conditions, DKT did not induce PP depolarization. Furthermore Ginseng radix and Zingiberis rhizomes depolarized PPs, whereas Zanthoxyli fructus fruit (the third component of DKT) hyperpolarized PPs. Conclusion: These results suggest that DKT depolarizes ICC PPs in an internal or external Ca2+-dependent manner by stimulating 5-HT4 and M3 receptors. Furthermore, the authors suspect that the component in DKT largely responsible for depolarization is probably also a component of Ginseng radix and Zingiberis rhizomes. SUMMARY Daikenchuto (DKT) depolarized and concentration-dependently decreased the amplitudes of pacemaker potentials (PPs) Y25130 (a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist) or SB269970 (a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist) did not block DKT-induced PP depolarization, but RS39604 (a 5-HT4 receptor antagonist) did Methoctramine (a muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist) failed to block DKT-induced PP depolarization, but pretreating 4-DAMP (a muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist) facilitated blockade of DKT-induced PP depolarization Ginseng radix and Zingiberis rhizomes depolarized PPswhereas Zanthoxyli fructus fruit (the third component of DKT) hyperpolarized PPs.
Abbreviation used: DKT: Daikenchuto, GI: Gastrointestinal, ICCs: Interstitial cells of Cajal, PPs: Pacemaker Potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungwoo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongki Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ho Jung
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
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Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Components in Guanjiekang in Rat Plasma via the UPLC-MS/MS Method and Its Application in Pharmacokinetic Study. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121732. [PMID: 27999285 PMCID: PMC6272869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanjiekang (GJK) that is formed by five medicinal herbs including Astragali Radix, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Corydalis Rhizoma and Paeoniae Radix Alba was used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of active components in GJK remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavior of seven representative active constituents in GJK (i.e., benzoylhypaconine, benzoylmesaconine, paeoniflorin, tetrahydropalmatine, calycosin-7-glucoside, formononetin and isoliquiritigenin) after oral administration of GJK in rats. A rapid, sensitive and reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) method has been successfully developed for the simultaneous determination of these seven constituents in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column with a gradient elution program that consists of acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. Detection was performed under the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. The calibration curves exhibited good linearity (R² > 0.99) over a wide concentration range for all constituents. The accuracies ranged from 92.9% to 107.8%, and the intra-day and inter-day precisions at three different levels were below 15%. Our PK results showed that these seven compounds were quickly absorbed after the administration of the GJK product, and Tmax ranged from 30 min to 189 min. The in vivo concentrations of paeoniflorin and isoliquiritigenin were significantly higher than the reported in vitro effective doses, indicating that they could partly contribute to the therapeutic effect of GJK. Therefore, we conclude that pharmacokinetic studies of representative bioactive chemicals after administration of complex herbal products are not only necessary but also feasible. Moreover, these seven compounds that were absorbed in vivo can be used as indicator standards for quality control and for determining pharmacokinetic behavior of herbal medicines in clinical studies.
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50
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Yamada T, Matsumoto S, Matsuda MKA, Shinji S, Yokoyama Y, Takahashi G, Iwai T, Takeda K, Ohta K, Uchida E. The effect of Daikenchuto on postoperative intestinal motility in patients with right-side colon cancer. Surg Today 2016; 47:865-871. [PMID: 27873059 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-016-1449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Daikenchuto (DKT) has a stimulant effect on intestinal motility and reportedly has a positive effect on postoperative intestinal motility in patients with sigmoid colon cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of DKT in patients with right-side colon cancer. METHODS This retrospective study included 88 patients with right-side colon cancer. We orally administered 7.5 g of DKT in the DKT group and did not administer any DKT to patients in the no-DKT group. All patients ingested radiopaque markers 2 h before surgery, which were used to assess intestinal motility. The postoperative intestinal motility was radiologically assessed by counting the numbers of residual markers in the large and small intestines. RESULTS The DKT and no-DKT groups showed no marked differences in the total number of residual markers or number of residual markers in the small intestine. However, in the elderly subgroup, the total number of residual markers in the DKT group was significantly less than in the no-DKT group. CONCLUSION Although DKT had some small effect on the postoperative intestinal motility for most patients, it may have positive effects in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | | | - Seiichi Shinji
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yokoyama
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Goro Takahashi
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Takuma Iwai
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Kouki Takeda
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Ohta
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Eiji Uchida
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
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