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Shah I, Uddin Z, Hussain M, Khalil AAK, Amin A, Hanif F, Ali L, Amirzada MI, Shah TA, Dawoud TM, Bourhia M, Li WJ, Sajjad W. Streptomyces sp. from desert soil as a biofactory for antioxidants with radical scavenging and iron chelating potential. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:419. [PMID: 39434054 PMCID: PMC11492556 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03586-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron homeostasis is vital for normal physiology, but in the majority of circumstances, like iron overload, this equilibrium is upset leading to free iron in the plasma. This condition with excess iron is known as hemochromatosis, which has been linked to many side effects, including cancer and liver cirrhosis. The current research aimed to investigate active molecules from Streptomyces sp. isolated from the extreme environment of Bahawalpur deserts. The strain was characterized using 16 S rRNA sequencing. Chemical analysis of the ethyl acetate cure extract revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. Multiple ultraviolet (UV) active metabolites that were essential for the stated pharmacological activities were also demonstrated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the primary constituents of the extract to compose of phenol and ester compounds. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to assess the extract's antioxidant capacity, and the results showed a good half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.034 µg/mL in comparison to the positive control ascorbic acid's 0.12 µg/mL. In addition, iron chelation activity of extract showed significant chelation potential at 250 and 125 µg/mL, while 62.5 µg/mL showed only mild chelation of the ferrous ion using ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) as a positive control. Likewise, the extract's cytotoxicity was analyzed through 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using varying concentrations of the extract and showed 51% cytotoxicity at 350 µg/mL and 65% inhibition of cell growth at 700 µg/mL, respectively. The bioactive compounds from Streptomyces sp. demonstrated strong antioxidant and iron chelating potentials and can prolong the cell survival in extreme environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Comsats University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zia Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Comsats University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maheer Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Punjab, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arshia Amin
- Department of Biosciences, Capital University of Science and Technology Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Hanif
- Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Punjab, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Amirzada
- Department of Pharmacy, Comsats University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tawaf Ali Shah
- College of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Turki M Dawoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. BOX 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, IbnZohr University, Laayoune, 70000, Morocco
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang West Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Punjab, 46000, Pakistan.
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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2
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Bormon CC, Akib G, Rifat A, Hossain M, Uddin N, Hossain FMA, Azzam MM, Farouk MH, Das R, Mahfuz SU. Effects of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) stem residue supplementation on growth performance, meat quality and health status of broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104054. [PMID: 39067124 PMCID: PMC11337655 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Oyster mushroom stem residue, a by-product with medicinal and nutritive values, might be a prospective feed supplement in poultry nutrition. The study focused on evaluating the impact of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) stem residue (OMSR) powder supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, blood characteristics, and the cecal bacterial count in Arbor Acres broilers raised 35 d. A total of 144 day-old chicks, with an average weight of 40.27± 2.45 g, were divided into 3 groups: control (received a standard basal diet), antibiotic (basal diet + 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline), and OMSR (fed a basal diet with 300 mg/kg OMSR), where each group comprises 8 replications of 6 chicks. Supplementation of 300 mg/kg of OMSR powder in the broiler diet significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the average daily gain (ADG) and final body weight as opposed to the control and antibiotic treatments, though the average daily feed intake was not influenced by OMSR supplementation during the whole experimental period. However, in comparison to the control and antibiotic groups, OMSR significantly reduced the postmortem breast meat drip loss percentage (P < 0.05) at 24 hours and on the seventh d. Furthermore, the OMSR group reported significantly elevated levels of Hb and RBC counts (P < 0.05), and decreased levels of serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations (P < 0.05) on d 35 in comparison to broilers in the control and antibiotic groups. Additionally, the OMSR group exhibited an improved Heterophil/Lymphocytes (H/L) ratio (P < 0.05) relative to the broilers of the control and antibiotic groups. In contrast, the inclusion of OMSR in the broiler diet did not significantly (P > 0.05) influence other serum biochemical and hematological values tested. Broilers in OMSR group had reduced number (P < 0.05) of E. coli and Salmonella spp., but higher presence of Lactobacillus spp. (P < 0.05) in contrast to the control broilers. To summarize, the study's findings revealed that 300 mg of OMSR powder supplementation per kg of basal diet could be act as a natural growth promoter, and confer favorable effects on health and meat quality of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Bormon
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - G Akib
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - A Rifat
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - M Hossain
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - N Uddin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - F M A Hossain
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - M M Azzam
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M H Farouk
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R Das
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - S U Mahfuz
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
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Chen X, Xu B. Insights into chemical components, health-promoting effects, and processing impact of golden chanterelle mushroom Cantharellus cibarius. Food Funct 2024; 15:7696-7732. [PMID: 38967456 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00891j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Cantharellus cibarius (CC) is a culinary mushroom with significant commercial potential due to its diverse components and bioactive functions. CC is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and aroma compounds while being low in fat and calories. Moreover, CC contains an abundance of bioactive substances including phenolic compounds, vitamin precursors, and indole derivatives. Numerous studies have claimed that CC has diverse functions such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, and prebiotic effects in in vivo or in vitro settings. In addition, a variety of thermal, physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods have been investigated for the processing and preservation of CC. Consequently, this study aims to present a comprehensive review of the chemical composition, health benefits, and processing techniques of CC. Furthermore, the issue of heavy metal accumulation in CC has been indicated and discussed. The study highlights the potential of CC as a functional food in the future while providing valuable insights for future research and identifying areas requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Chen
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China.
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China.
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Sivamaruthi BS, Sisubalan N, Kesika P, Sureka I, Chaiyasut C. A concise review of the nutritional profiles, microbial dynamics, and health impacts of fermented mushrooms. J Food Sci 2024; 89:3973-3994. [PMID: 38957107 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Mushrooms have garnered significant attention for their nutritional composition and potential health benefits, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, and cholesterol-lowering properties. This review explores the nutritional composition of edible mushrooms, including their high protein content, essential amino acids, low fat, cholesterol levels, and bioactive compounds with medicinal value. Moreover, the study analyzes the microbiology of mushroom fermentation, focusing on the diverse microbial ecosystem involved in the transformation of raw mushrooms and the preservation methods employed to extend their shelf life. Special emphasis is placed on lactic acid fermentation as a cost-effective and efficient preservation technique. It involves controlling the growth of lactic acid bacteria to enhance the microbial stability and nutritional quality of mushrooms. Furthermore, the bioactivities of fermented mushrooms are elucidated, which are antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-glycemic, immune modulatory, and other biological activities. The mechanisms underlying these bioactivities are explored, emphasizing the role of fermented mushrooms in suppressing free radicals, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and modulating immune responses. Overall, this review provides comprehensive insights into the nutritional composition, microbiology, bioactivities, and underlying mechanisms of fermented mushrooms, highlighting their potential as functional foods with significant health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natarajan Sisubalan
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Periyanaina Kesika
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Indrajith Sureka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Ye S, Gao Y, Hu X, Cai J, Sun S, Jiang J. Research progress and future development potential of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides in the preparation process, structure analysis, biology, and pharmacology: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131467. [PMID: 38599436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, Flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes) has attracted consequential attention in various research fields due to its rich composition of proteins, vitamins, amino acids, polysaccharides, and polyphenols. F. velutipes polysaccharides (FVPs) are considered as key bioactive components of F. velutipes, demonstrating multiple physiological activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Moreover, they offer health benefits such as antioxidant and anti-aging properties, which have exceptionally valuable clinical applications. Polysaccharides derived from different sources exhibit a wide range of biomedical functions and distinct biological activities. The varied biological functions of polysaccharides, coupled with their extensive application in functional foods and clinical applications, have prompted a heightened focus on polysaccharide research. Additionally, the extraction, deproteinization, and purification of FVPs are fundamental to investigate the structure and biological activities of polysaccharides. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the extraction, deproteinization, purification, characterization, and structural elucidation of FVPs. Furthermore, the biological activities and mechanisms of FVPs have been further explored through in vivo and in vitro experiments. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and guide future research and development of FVPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Ye
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyan Hu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiye Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shaowei Sun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jinhuan Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Rijia A, Krishnamoorthi R, Rasmi M, Mahalingam PU, Kim KS. Comprehensive Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Wild Ganoderma applanatum Mushroom from Kerala, South India: Insights into Dietary Nutritional, Mineral, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:509. [PMID: 38675473 PMCID: PMC11054536 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on the mushroom Ganoderma, which has been used in Eastern countries for centuries as a food and medicinal source. Specifically, the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum from the Kerala Forest Research Institute in Thirussur, Kerala, India, were analyzed for their nutritional and medicinal properties. The methanolic extracts of G. applanatum were used to examine secondary metabolites and proximate profiles, revealing the presence of various phytochemicals such as terpenoids, phenolics, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. Further analysis revealed the presence of significant amounts of calcium, sodium, phosphorus, and manganese. The compounds were characterized using chromatographic analysis, FTIR, and GC-MS, which revealed potential therapeutic compounds with C-H and C-O bonds in the amide group, β-glycosides, and C-C/C-O vibrations of phenolic substances. Mushroom extract at a concentration of 100 µg mL-1 exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. This study suggests that G. applanatum has a rich biochemical composition and pharmacological potential, making it a promising candidate for drug development and traditional medicine, and contributes valuable insights into its diverse therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Rijia
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Dindigul 624302, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Raman Krishnamoorthi
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Madhusoodhanan Rasmi
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Pambayan Ulagan Mahalingam
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Dindigul 624302, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Kwang-sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Ejaz U, Afzal M, Naveed M, Amin ZS, Atta A, Aziz T, Kainat G, Mehmood N, Alharbi M, Alasmari AF. Pharmacological evaluation and phytochemical profiling of butanol extract of L. edodes with in- silico virtual screening. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5751. [PMID: 38459108 PMCID: PMC10923892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
L. edodes (L. edodes) is the most consumed mushroom in the world and has been well known for its therapeutic potential as an edible and medicinal candidate, it contains dietary fibers, vitamins, proteins, minerals, and carbohydrates. In the current study butanolic extract of mushroom was used to form semisolid butanol extract. The current study aimed to explore biometabolites that might have biological activities in n-butanol extract of L. edodes using FT-IR and GC-MS and LC-MS. The synergistic properties of bioactive compounds were futher assessed by performing different biological assays such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic. FTIR spectra showed different functional groups including amide N-H group, Alkane (C-H stretching), and (C = C stretching) groups at different spectrum peaks in the range of 500 cm-1 to 5000 cm-1 respectively. GC-MS profiling of n-butanol extract depicted 34 potent biomolecules among those dimethyl; Morphine, 2TMS derivative; Benzoic acid, methyl ester 1-(2-methoxy-1-methylethoxy)-2-propanol were spotted at highest range. Results indicate that L. edodes n-butanol extract showed a maximum anti-inflammatory potential 91.4% at 300 mg/mL. Antioxidant activity was observed by measuring free radical scavenging activity which is 64.6% at optimized concentration along with good antidiabetic activity. In-silico study executed the biopotential of active ingredient morphine which proved the best docking score (- 7.0 kJ/mol) against aldose reductase. The in-silico drug design analysis was performed on biometabolites detected through GC-MS that might be a potential target for sulfatase-2 to treat ruminated arthritis. Morphine binds more strongly (- 7.9 kJ/mol) than other bioactive constituents indicated. QSAR and ADMET analysis shown that morphine is a good candidates against ruminated arthritis. The current study showed that L. edodes might be used as potent drug molecules to cure multiple ailments. As mushrooms have high bioactivity, they can be used against different diseases and to develop antibacterial drugs based on the current situation in the world in which drug resistance is going to increase due to misuse of antibiotics so new and noval biological active compounds are needed to overcome the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Ejaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Zeemal Seemab Amin
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Asia Atta
- Department of Biochemistry, Nur international university, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Laboratory of Animal Health Food Hygiene and Quality, University of Ioannina, 47132, Arta, Greece.
| | - Gul Kainat
- Department of Microbiology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Noshaba Mehmood
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Jia W, Wang W, Yu D, Yu Y, Feng Z, Li H, Zhang J, Zhang H. Structural Elucidation of a Polysaccharide from Flammulina velutipes and Its Lipid-Lowering and Immunomodulation Activities. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:598. [PMID: 38475282 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
FVPT1, a novel heteropolysaccharide, was purified from the fruiting body of Flammulina velutipes using magnetic-field-assisted three-phase partitioning and gel permeation chromatography. The structure was characterized using monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The FVPT1 (~1.64 × 104 Da) was composed of L-fucose, D-galactose, D-glucose and D-mannose at a molar ratio of 1.0:3.5:1.0:1.4. The polysaccharide repeating unit of FVPT1 was established with methylation analyses and NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, a zebrafish larva hyperlipidemia model test demonstrated that FVPT1 can show appreciable lipid-lowering effects. In addition, the FVPT1 exhibited remarkable immunoregulatory activity by increasing nitric oxide, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-1 secretion in macrophages. Therefore, these results suggest that FVPT1 has the potential to be developed into a new immune or hypolipidemic health product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungal Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, National R&D Center for Edible Fungal Processing, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding of Shanghai, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungal Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, National R&D Center for Edible Fungal Processing, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding of Shanghai, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungal Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, National R&D Center for Edible Fungal Processing, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding of Shanghai, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yangchao Yu
- Jiangsu Chinagreen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Suqian 223700, China
| | - Zhan Feng
- Jiangsu Chinagreen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Suqian 223700, China
| | - Hewen Li
- Jiangsu Chinagreen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Suqian 223700, China
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungal Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, National R&D Center for Edible Fungal Processing, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding of Shanghai, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Henan Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungal Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, National R&D Center for Edible Fungal Processing, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding of Shanghai, Shanghai 201403, China
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9
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Kumar R, Gupta D, Barh A, Nath M, Sharma VP, Rana N, Sharma PK, Bhardwaj C. Insights on Strain-Substrate Interactions and Antioxidant and Anti-Bacterial Properties of the Velvet Foot Medicinal Mushroom Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:29-39. [PMID: 38523447 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
To study the best substrate for the Indian subcontinent, four different substrates (sawdust + wheat bran, wheat straw + wheat bran + corn cobs, sawdust + corn cobs and wheat straw + wheat bran) were screened for six different Flammulina velutipes strains. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties were studied for these strains. In study it was found that the strain DMRX-767 and DMRX-768 were the most promising for yield and biological efficiency in all substrates and wheat straw + wheat bran being the best with respect to BE. To corroborate the findings, the best strain and best substrate trails were repeated. DMRX-767 and DMRX-768 were the most promising for yield and biological efficiency in all substrates, with wheat straw+wheat bran were again found the best. The methanolic extract of strain DMRX-166 showed highest antibacterial properties as highest inhibition is found for Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas syringae. However, DMRO-253 inhibited Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas campestris. DMRX-768 has the best scavenging ability followed by DMRO-253.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar
- Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulure and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP
| | - Dharmesh Gupta
- Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, HP, India
| | - Anupam Barh
- ICAR-Directorate of Mushroom Research, Solan, Himachal Pradesh-173213, India
| | - Manoj Nath
- ICAR-Directorate of Mushroom Research, Solan, 173 213, India
| | - Ved Parkash Sharma
- ICAR-Directorate of Mushroom Research, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173213, India
| | - Neerja Rana
- Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, 173 230, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganism, Mau, UP, 275103, India
| | - Chidembra Bhardwaj
- Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, 173 230, India
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Wu J, Nong Y, Chen B, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Wei C, Tao Y, Xie B. Flammutoxin, a Degradation Product of Transepithelial Electrical Resistance-Decreasing Protein, Induces Reactive Oxygen Species and Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells. Foods 2023; 13:66. [PMID: 38201094 PMCID: PMC10778570 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins from Flammulina filiformis were prepared by sodium chloride extraction and fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation with increasing saturation degrees to obtain the protein fractions Ffsp-30, Ffsp-50, Ffsp-70, Ffsp-90, and Ffp-90. Among these protein fractions, Ffsp-50 possessed the most significant cytotoxic effect against three human gastrointestinal cancer cell lines, viz. HT-29, SGC-7901, and HepG2. SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS analyses revealed that flammutoxin (FTX) was present as a dominating protein in Ffsp-50, which was further evidenced by HPLC-MS/MS determination. Furthermore, native FTX was purified from Ffsp-50 with a molecular weight of 26.78 kDa, exhibiting notable cytotoxicity against gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. Both Ffsp-50 and FTX exposure could enhance intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and induce significant apoptosis in HepG2 cells. FTX was identified to be relatively conserved in basidiomycetes according to phylogenetic analysis, and its expression was highly upregulated in the primordium as well as the pileus of the fruiting body from the elongation and maturation stages, as compared with that in mycelium. Taken together, FTX could remarkably inhibit cell growth and induce ROS and apoptosis in HepG2 cells, potentially participating in the growth and development of the fruiting body. These findings from our investigation provided insight into the antigastrointestinal cancer activity of FTX, which could serve as a biological source of health-promoting and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Wu
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yu Nong
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Bingzhi Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.C.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yuji Jiang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.C.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yuanhao Chen
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Chuanzheng Wei
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yongxin Tao
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (Y.T.)
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Baogui Xie
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (Y.T.)
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11
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Zheng C, Li J, Liu H, Wang Y. Review of postharvest processing of edible wild-grown mushrooms. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113223. [PMID: 37803541 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Edible wild-grown mushrooms, plentiful in resources, have excellent organoleptic properties, flavor, nutrition, and bioactive substances. However, fresh mushrooms, which have high water and enzymatic activity, are not protected by cuticles and are easily attacked by microorganisms. And wild-grown mushroom harvesting is seasonal the harvest of edible wild-grown mushrooms is subject to seasonality, so their market availability is challenging. Many processing methods have been used for postharvest mushroom processing, including sun drying, freezing, packaging, electron beam radiation, edible coating, ozone, and cooking, whose effects on the parameters and composition of the mushrooms are not entirely positive. This paper reviews the effect of processing methods on the quality of wild and some cultivated edible mushrooms. Drying and cooking, as thermal processes, reduce hardness, texture, and color browning, with the parallel that drying reduces the content of proteins, polysaccharides, and phenolics while cooking increases the chemical composition. Freezing, which allows mushrooms to retain better hardness, color, and higher chemical content, is a better processing method. Water washing and ozone help maintain color by inhibiting enzymatic browning. Edible coating facilitates the maintenance of hardness and total sugar content. Electrolytic water (EW) maintains total phenol levels and soluble protein content. Pulsed electric field and ultrasound (US) inhibit microbial growth. Frying maintains carbohydrates, lipids, phenolics, and proteins. And the mushrooms processed by these methods are safe. They are the focus of future research that combines different methods or develops new processing methods, molecular mechanisms of chemical composition changes, and exploring the application areas of wild mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanmao Zheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Jieqing Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Honggao Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungi Symbiotic Biology, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong 657000, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China.
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12
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Lee LH, Goh BH, Dilokthornsakul P, Saokaew S. Editorial: Evidence-based on health benefits: probiotics, micronutrients, and edible plants. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1272456. [PMID: 37850086 PMCID: PMC10577410 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1272456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Learn-Han Lee
- Sunway Microbiome Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre (SBMD), School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Piyameth Dilokthornsakul
- Center for Medical and Health Technology Assessment (CM-HTA), Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- Division of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Centre of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and Integration (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
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13
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Zhu J, Zhou L, Yao J, Hu Y, Li Z, Liu J, Marchioni E. Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis Combined with Chemometrics Revealed the Effects of Different Cooking Methods on Lentinus edodes. Molecules 2023; 28:6009. [PMID: 37630261 PMCID: PMC10458448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cooking methods affect the compositions of Lentinus edodes metabolites. Nevertheless, little information is available on the specific impact of different cooking methods on Lentinus edodes via metabolomic analysis. This study determined the influence of boiling, steaming, air-frying, and roasting on the metabolomic profiles of Lentinus edodes based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS in combination with chemometrics. A total of 990 metabolites were detected and classified into 11 super-classes. Subsequently, the metabolites of the four cooking methods were distinguished using multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that boiling caused a massive loss of metabolites while roasting and air-frying led to an evident upregulation. The upregulation of metabolites in the steaming groups was not as significant as in roasting and air-frying. This study provided reference data for a comprehensive understanding of the metabolites associated with domestic cooking methods and valuable guidance for the development of Lentinus edodes and its products in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Zhu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Li Zhou
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jiaxu Yao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yueqi Hu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Zhenghui Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jikai Liu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Eric Marchioni
- Equipe de Chimie Analytique des Molécules Bioactives et Pharmacognoise, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (UMR 7178, CNRS/UDS), 74 Route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France;
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14
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Rezaeian S, Pourianfar HR, Dowom SA. Comparative assessment of β-glucan composition and structural characterization in wild and commercial Enoki mushrooms, Flammulina velutipes. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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15
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Chou YN, Lee MM, Deng JS, Jiang WP, Lin JG, Huang GJ. Water Extract from Brown Strain of Flammulina velutipes Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Attenuating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Autophagy via PI3K/AKT Pathway Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119448. [PMID: 37298398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most popular edible mushrooms in the world, Flammulina velutipes, has been shown to possess pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the potential activity of the brown strain of F. velutipes, a hybrid between the white and yellow strains, has not been thoroughly investigated. Numerous studies have been conducted in recent years to determine whether natural products can aid in improving or treating kidney diseases. In this study, we focused on the renoprotective effects of the brown strain of F. velutipes on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice. Mice were pretreated with water extract from the brown strain of F. velutipes (WFV) from day 1 to day 10, with a single-dose intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin on day 7 to induce AKI. Our results demonstrated that WFV administration resulted in a reduction in weight loss and the amelioration of renal function and renal histological changes in mice with cisplatin-induced AKI. WFV improved antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory capacity by increasing antioxidant enzymes and decreasing inflammatory factors. The expression of related proteins was determined via Western blot analysis, which showed that WFV could improve the expression of apoptosis and autophagy. We used the PI3K inhibitor Wortmannin and found that WFV achieved a protective effect by modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and the expression of autophagy. Overall, WFV as a natural substance could be used as a new therapeutic agent for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ni Chou
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Min-Min Lee
- Department of Food Nutrition and Healthy Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shyan Deng
- Department of Food Nutrition and Healthy Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Food Nutrition and Healthy Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
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16
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Iguchi K, Nagashima K, Mochizuki J, Yamamoto H, Unno K, Miyoshi N. Enokitake Mushroom and Its Active Component, Adenosine, Which Restores Testosterone Production in Impaired and Fatigued Mouse Models. Nutrients 2023; 15:2142. [PMID: 37432279 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported the effects of the consumption of various mushroom species on the testes in animal experimental models. Mushrooms, including enokitake mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes), and vegetables contain adenosine may affect testosterone production. Here, we aimed to elucidate the effects of enokitake and its active component, adenosine, on testosterone production in primary cultures of testicular cells in vivo using mice models and in vitro. The administration of enokitake ethanolic extract increased testosterone production in the cisplatin-impaired mouse model. The direct effect of mushroom extracts on testicular cells was examined and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that the mushroom- and vegetable-induced increase in testosterone production mainly involved adenosine. Additionally, the administration of enokitake extract or adenosine to wet floor fatigue model mice promoted testicular testosterone production and enhanced Leydig cell function through insulin-like peptide three level upregulation. Structurally related compounds, including cordycepin, showed lower bioactivity than adenosine. This study showed that the ingestion of adenosine-containing mushrooms and vegetables may effectively increase testicular testosterone production. We conclude that mushrooms with a relatively high adenosine content, such as enokitake, may be useful against aging and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Iguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Koji Nagashima
- TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan
| | - Jun Mochizuki
- TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Keiko Unno
- Tea Science Center, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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17
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Guo Y, Chen X, Gong P, Deng Z, Qi Z, Wang R, Long H, Wang J, Yao W, Yang W, Chen F. Recent advances in quality preservation of postharvest golden needle mushroom (Flammulina velutiper). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023. [PMID: 37014278 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The golden needle mushroom (Flammulina velutiper) is one of the most productive mushrooms in the world. However, F. velutiper experiences continuous quality degradation in terms of changes in color and textural characteristics, loss of moisture, nutrition and flavor, and increased microbial populations due to its high respiratory activity during the postharvest phase. Postharvest preservation techniques, including physical, chemical and biological methods, play a vital role in maintaining postharvest quality and extending the shelf life of mushrooms. Therefore, in this study, the decay process of F. velutiper and the factors affecting its quality were comprehensively reviewed. Additionally, the preservation methods (e.g., low-temperature storage, packaging, plasma treatment, antimicrobial cleaning and 1-methylcyclopropene treatment) for F. velutiper used for the last 5 years were compared to provide an outlook on future research directions. Overall, this review aims to provide a reference for developing novel, green and safe preservation techniques for F. velutiper. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenfang Deng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuoya Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruotong Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Long
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiating Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
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18
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Increasing the production of the bioactive compounds in medicinal mushrooms: an omics perspective. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:11. [PMID: 36647087 PMCID: PMC9841694 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-02013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroscopic fungi, mainly higher basidiomycetes and some ascomycetes, are considered medicinal mushrooms and have long been used in different areas due to their pharmaceutically/nutritionally valuable bioactive compounds. However, the low production of these bioactive metabolites considerably limits the utilization of medicinal mushrooms both in commerce and clinical trials. As a result, many attempts, ranging from conventional methods to novel approaches, have been made to improve their production. The novel strategies include conducting omics investigations, constructing genome-scale metabolic models, and metabolic engineering. So far, genomics and the combined use of different omics studies are the most utilized omics analyses in medicinal mushroom research (both with 31% contribution), while metabolomics (with 4% contribution) is the least. This article is the first attempt for reviewing omics investigations in medicinal mushrooms with the ultimate aim of bioactive compound overproduction. In this regard, the role of these studies and systems biology in elucidating biosynthetic pathways of bioactive compounds and their contribution to metabolic engineering will be highlighted. Also, limitations of omics investigations and strategies for overcoming them will be provided in order to facilitate the overproduction of valuable bioactive metabolites in these valuable organisms.
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19
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A Prolyl Endopeptidase from Flammulina velutipes Degrades Celiac Disease-Inducing Peptides in Grain Flour Samples. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory disorder of the small intestine. Gluten peptides are supposed to be responsible for the reaction, the best-researched of which is the so-called ‘33-mer’. Analogous peptides in secalins (rye) and hordeins (barley) have been described. This study presents the degradation of gliadins, glutenins, hordeins and secalins purified from the respective flours using a prolyl endopeptidase from the Basidiomycete Flammulina velutipes (FvpP). The flour fractions were incubated with the enzyme, and the cleavage sites were determined using high-resolution nLC-qTOF-MS/MS. For the wheat samples, eight cleavage sites in the 33-mer peptide were shown, and all of the six described epitopes were successfully cleaved. For the commercially available prolyl-specific endopeptidase from Aspergillus niger (An-Pep), which was used as a control, only two cleavage sites that cleaved three of the six epitopes were identified. For the secalins, four prolyl-specific cleavage sites in the CD-active peptide QPFPQPQQPIPQ were found for the FvpP but none for the An-Pep. The CD-active peptide QPFPQPEQPFPW in C-hordein was cleaved at three prolyl-specific positions by the FvpP. The study proves the usability of FvpP to degrade CD-inducing peptides in real-grain flour samples and indicates its higher effectiveness compared with An-Pep. A clinical study would be required to assess the therapeutic or preventive potential of FvpP for CD.
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Luo Z, Gao Q, Li Y, Bai Y, Zhang J, Xu W, Xu J. Flammulina velutipes Mycorrhizae Attenuate High Fat Diet-Induced Lipid Disorder, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Liver and Perirenal Adipose Tissue of Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183830. [PMID: 36145203 PMCID: PMC9505303 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flammulina velutipes (FV) is edible mushroom that has nutritional and medicinal values. FV mycorrhizae, the by-products of FV, are an abundant source and receive less attention. The objective of this study was to investigate the composition of FV mycorrhizae, and its effects on high fat diet (HFD)-induced lipid disorder, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines, both in the liver and perirenal adipose tissue (PAT) of mice. The results showed that FV mycorrhizae contain abundant trace elements, polysaccharide, amino acids and derivatives, and organic compounds. It was found that 4% FV mycorrhizae (HFDFV) supplementation decreased HFD-induced liver weight and triglyceride (TG) in the plasma, liver and PAT, altered plasma and hepatic fatty acids profiles, promoted gene expression involved in lipid hydrolysis, fatty acid transportation and β-oxidation in the liver and reduced lipid synthesis in the liver and PAT. HFDFV attenuated HFD-induced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine by increasing GSH/GSSG, and decreasing levels of MDA and IL6 both in the liver and PAT, while it differentially regulated gene expression of IL1β, IL6, and CCL2 in liver and PAT. The results indicated that FV mycorrhizae are effective to attenuate HFD-induced lipid disorder, oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver and PAT, indicating their promising constituents for functional foods and herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingying Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuanfei Li
- Institute of Biological Technology, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330032, China
| | - Yifei Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weina Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianxiong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-021-34205767
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21
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Gopal J, Sivanesan I, Muthu M, Oh JW. Scrutinizing the Nutritional Aspects of Asian Mushrooms, Its Commercialization and Scope for Value-Added Products. Nutrients 2022; 14:3700. [PMID: 36145076 PMCID: PMC9502967 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are the gifts of the non-green revolution; they are not limited by land demand or specific growth requirements. Nearly 14,000 species of mushrooms are on record thus far; of these, only 2200 species are deemed edible. Only 650 species from this list have been cultivated and consumed. Farmed on waste, mushrooms are rich reservoirs of proteins, polysaccharides, metabolites, minerals and vitamins. In the following review, various edible mushrooms have been listed and their nutritional aspects and their associated contributions have been discussed. Furthermore, the commercial mushroom-based products that are on the market have been surveyed. The challenges facing the use of mushroom and mushroom products as foods, functional foods and nutraceuticals have been presented. The need to seek options to troubleshoot the current limitations has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Gopal
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
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22
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Li H, Shi L, Tang W, Xia W, Zhong Y, Xu X, Xie B, Tao Y. Comprehensive Genetic Analysis of Monokaryon and Dikaryon Populations Provides Insight Into Cross-Breeding of Flammulina filiformis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:887259. [PMID: 35865932 PMCID: PMC9294462 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.887259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Flammulina filiformis, as one of the most popular edible fungi in East Asia, is produced in an industrialized and standardized way. However, its monotonous variety and product convergence have seriously restricted the development of the industry. In this study, 11 cultivated strains and 13 wild strains of F. filiformis were collected from multiple regions of China and Japan and were performed genome sequencing. Together with genome data of six strains previously released, in total 23 dikaryons (formed by two monokaryons mating, can making fruiting body), 35 monokaryons (formed by protoplast-regenerating of dikaryon and isolating) were used for genetic diversity and population structure analysis based on the high-throughput genotyping. Firstly, a set of SNP markers with intrapopulation polymorphism including 849,987 bi-allelic SNPs were developed and basically covered all of 11 chromosomes with a high distribution density of 24.16 SNP markers per kb. The cultivated dikaryotic strains were divided into three subgroups, and their breeding history was made inferences, which is consistent with the available pedigree records. The wild dikaryotic strains were divided into two subgroups and showed varied contributions of genetic components with high genetic diversity. All the investigated dikaryons have a symmetric distribution pattern with their two constituent monokaryons in principal component analysis. Finally, we summarized the pedigree relationship diagram of F. filiformis main strains including six modules, and the genotypes of hybrids can be directly phased by the known parental allele according to it. This study provides a method to distinguish two sets of monokaryon haplotypes, and several valuable genetic resources of wild F. filiformis, and an effective strategy for guiding F. filiformis breeding based on the population structure and pedigree relationship in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Tang
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- Weiqi Tang,
| | - Weiwei Xia
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingli Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baogui Xie
- Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongxin Tao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yongxin Tao,
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Liu X, Dong J, Liao J, Tian L, Qiu H, Wu T, Ge F, Zhu J, Shi L, Jiang A, Yu H, Zhao M, Ren A. Establishment of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Editing System Based on Dual sgRNAs in Flammulina filiformis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070693. [PMID: 35887449 PMCID: PMC9318071 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flammulina filiformis, previously known as Asian Flammulina velutipes, is one of the most commercially important edible fungi, with nutritional value and medicinal properties worldwide. However, precision genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9, which is a revolutionary technology and provides a powerful tool for molecular breeding, has not been established in F. filiformis. Here, plasmids harboring expression cassettes of Basidiomycete codon-optimized Cas9 and dual sgRNAs targeting pyrG under the control of the gpd promoter and FfU6 promoter, respectively, were delivered into protoplasts of F. filiformis Dan3 strain through PEG-mediated transformation. The results showed that an efficient native U6 promoter of F. filiformis was identified, and ultimately several pyrG mutants exhibiting 5-fluorooric acid (5-FOA) resistance were obtained. Additionally, diagnostic PCR followed by Sanger sequencing revealed that fragment deletion between the two sgRNA target sites or small insertions and deletions (indels) were introduced in these pyrG mutants through the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway, resulting in heritable changes in genomic information. Taken together, this is the first report in which a successful CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system based on dual sgRNAs was established in F. filiformis, which broadens the application of this advanced tool in Basidiomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (H.Q.); (T.W.); (F.G.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (A.J.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Jianghan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (H.Q.); (T.W.); (F.G.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (A.J.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Jian Liao
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (H.Q.); (T.W.); (F.G.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (A.J.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Li Tian
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (H.Q.); (T.W.); (F.G.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (A.J.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Hao Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (H.Q.); (T.W.); (F.G.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (A.J.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (H.Q.); (T.W.); (F.G.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (A.J.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Feng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (H.Q.); (T.W.); (F.G.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (A.J.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (H.Q.); (T.W.); (F.G.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (A.J.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (H.Q.); (T.W.); (F.G.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (A.J.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Ailiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (H.Q.); (T.W.); (F.G.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (A.J.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Hanshou Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (H.Q.); (T.W.); (F.G.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (A.J.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (H.Q.); (T.W.); (F.G.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (A.J.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Ang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (H.Q.); (T.W.); (F.G.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (A.J.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.)
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-25-84395602
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Krishnamoorthi R, Srinivash M, Mahalingam PU, Malaikozhundan B. Dietary nutrients in edible mushroom, Agaricus bisporus and their radical scavenging, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Li J, Shao Y, Yang Y, Xu C, Jing Z, Li H, Xie B, Tao Y. The Chromatin Modifier Protein FfJMHY Plays an Important Role in Regulating the Rate of Mycelial Growth and Stipe Elongation in Flammulina filiformis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050477. [PMID: 35628733 PMCID: PMC9147824 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stipe elongation is an important process in the development of the fruiting body and is associated with the commodity quality of agaric fungi. In this study, F. filiformis was used as a model agaric fungus to reveal the function of the chromatin modifier gene containing the JmjC domain in stipe elongation. First, we identified a JmjC domain family gene (FfJmhy) with a 3684 bp length open reading frame (ORF) in F. filiformis. FfJmhy was predicted to have a histone H3K9 demethylation function, and was specifically upregulated during stipe rapid elongation. Further investigation revealed that the silencing of FfJmhy inhibited the mycelial growth, while overexpression of this gene had no effect on the mycelial growth. Comparative analysis revealed that the stipe elongation rate in FfJmhy overexpression strains was significantly increased, while it was largely reduced when FfJmhy was silenced. Taken together, these results suggest that FfJmhy positively regulates the mycelial growth and controls the elongation speed and the length of the stipe. Moreover, cell wall-related enzymes genes, including three exo-β-1,3-glucanases, one β-1,6-glucan synthase, four chitinases, and two expansin proteins, were found to be regulated by FfJmhy. Based on the putative functions of FfJmhy, we propose that this gene enhances the transcription of cell wall-related enzymes genes by demethylating histone H3K9 sites to regulate remodeling of the cell wall in rapid stipe elongation. This study provides new insight into the mechanism of rapid stipe elongation, and it is important to regulate the commodity quality of agaric fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.); (Z.J.)
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Yanping Shao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.); (Z.J.)
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Yayong Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.); (Z.J.)
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Chang Xu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.); (Z.J.)
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Zhuohan Jing
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.); (Z.J.)
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China;
| | - Baogui Xie
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Yongxin Tao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.); (Z.J.)
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0591-83789281
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Monga S, Fares B, Yashaev R, Melamed D, Kahana M, Fares F, Weizman A, Gavish M. The Effect of Natural-Based Formulation (NBF) on the Response of RAW264.7 Macrophages to LPS as an In Vitro Model of Inflammation. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030321. [PMID: 35330323 PMCID: PMC8955716 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are some of the most important immune cells in the organism and are responsible for creating an inflammatory immune response in order to inhibit the passage of microscopic foreign bodies into the blood stream. Sometimes, their activation can be responsible for chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, tuberculosis, hepatitis, sinusitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and viral infections. Prolonged inflammation can damage the organs or may lead to death in serious conditions. In the present study, RAW264.7 macrophages were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 20 ng/mL) and simultaneously treated with 20 µg/mL of natural-based formulation (NBF), mushroom–cannabidiol extract). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory markers were analyzed. The elevations in the presence of interleukin-6 (IL-6), cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), C-C motif ligand-5 (CCL5), and nitrite response, following exposure to LPS, were completely inhibited by NBF administration. IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) release were inhibited by 3.9-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively. No toxic effect of NBF, as assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, was observed. Treatment of the cells with NBF significantly increased the mRNA levels of TLR2, and TLR4, but not NF-κB. Thus, it appears that the NBF possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects which can attenuate the release of pro-inflammatory markers. NBF may be a candidate for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheelu Monga
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (S.M.); (F.F.)
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (R.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Basem Fares
- Cannabotech Ltd., 3 Arik Einstein St., Herzliya 4659071, Israel; (B.F.); (D.M.)
| | - Rami Yashaev
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (R.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Dov Melamed
- Cannabotech Ltd., 3 Arik Einstein St., Herzliya 4659071, Israel; (B.F.); (D.M.)
| | - Meygal Kahana
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (R.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Fuad Fares
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (S.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva 4910002, Israel
| | - Moshe Gavish
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (R.Y.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Comparative Study of ɛ-Polylysine or Nisin Inhibition Kinetics of Lactococcus lactis and Spoilage Microorganisms in Fresh Flammulina velutipes Fruiting Bodies. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9135887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flammulina velutipes is one of the most important edible mushrooms, which quickly decays with a short shelf life. However, little is known about the effect of ɛ-polylysine (ɛ-PL) or nisin on the survival of Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) during the storage at constant temperatures. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ɛ-PL or nisin on the growth of L. lactis and background (BK) microorganisms in fresh Flammulina velutipes fruiting bodies (FVFB) and develop mathematical models to predict their growth behavior. The effect of ɛ-PL (0.15 and 0.30 g/kg) or nisin (0.10 and 0.20 g/kg) on the growth of L. lactis and BK microorganisms in FVFB was analyzed at 4, 16, and 20°C. The lag phase of L. lactis was extended, and the specific growth rate was decreased by increasing concentrations of ɛ-PL or nisin and lowering the temperature. The results showed that ɛ-PL or nisin could control the growth of L. lactis in FVFB. However, the growth of BK microorganisms was not affected by ɛ-PL or nisin. The growth of L. lactis and BK microorganisms could be successfully described by the reparameterized Gompertz and no lag phase models, respectively. Additionally, ɛ-PL or nisin could maintain the quality of FVFB by preventing weight loss, color-changing, and decreasing soluble solid content in FVFB at 4°C. These results suggest that ɛ-PL or nisin in combination with low temperature may inhibit the growth of L. lactis in FVFB and prevent the decrease in the quality of FVFB.
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Corona Discharge Power of Plasma Treatment Influence on the Physicochemical and Microbial Quality of Enoki Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes). JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.1.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma treatment was widely known as an effective technology applied for contact-surface decontamination. Enoki (Flammulina velutipes) was an edible-medicinal mushroom with different phytochemicals and bioactive components beneficial for human health. Enoki mushroom had high respiration rate therefore it was highly perishable after harvesting. Moreover, it was greatly susceptible to microbial contamination but it was not feasible to be decontaminated by normal water washing. It’s urgent to extend shelf-life and control microbial criteria on this mushroom in dry manner without aqueous treatment. Corona discharge plasma was among 4 kinds of diverse cold atmospheric pressure plasma sources widely applied in food industry. This study demonstrated the influence of corona discharge plasma power values (control, 120, 150, 180, 210 W) on the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of Enoki mushroom during 10 days of storage at ambient temperature. Results showed that Enoki mushroom should be treated at 150 W of corona discharge plasma power to retain weight loss, total soluble solid, vitamin C in acceptable values while reducing total Aerobic count, Coliform, Enterobacteriaceae as much as possible. At the 10th day of storage, the weight loss, total soluble solid, vitamin C, total Aerobic count, Coliform, Enterobacteriaceae were recorded at 3.35±0.07%, 6.98±0.03 oBrix, 14.81±0.04 mg/100 g, 4.71±0.05 log CFU/g, 3.17±0.02 log CFU/g, 2.13±0.01 CFU/g, respectively. Findings of this research proved that corona discharge plasma pretreatment would be appropriate to maintain physicochemical properties and retard microbial loads on Enoki mushroom during preservation.
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Yadav D, Negi PS. Bioactive components of mushrooms: Processing effects and health benefits. Food Res Int 2021; 148:110599. [PMID: 34507744 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms have been recognized for their culinary attributes for long and were relished in the most influential civilizations in history. Currently, they are the focus of renewed research because of their therapeutic abilities. Nutritional benefits from mushrooms are in the form of a significant source of essential proteins, dietary non-digestible carbohydrates, unsaturated fats, minerals, as well as various vitamins, which have enhanced its consumption, and also resulted in the development of various processed mushroom products. Mushrooms are also a crucial ingredient in traditional medicine for their healing potential and curative properties. The literature on the nutritional, nutraceutical, and therapeutic potential of mushrooms, and their use as functional foods for the maintenance of health was reviewed, and the available literature indicates the enormous potential of the bioactive compounds present in mushrooms. Future research should be focused on the development of processes to retain the mushroom bioactive components, and valorization of waste generated during processing. Further, the mechanisms of action of mushroom bioactive components should be studied in detail to delineate their diverse roles and functions in the prevention and treatment of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Yadav
- Department of Fruit and Vegetables Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Pradeep Singh Negi
- Department of Fruit and Vegetables Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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Effects of Pre-Treatment Using Plasma on the Antibacterial Activity of Mushroom Surfaces. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081888. [PMID: 34441665 PMCID: PMC8394274 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma is an efficient tool for preventing post-harvest microbial contamination, many studies have focused on the post-treatment of infected or contaminated foods. In this study, we examined the antimicrobial quality of mushrooms pre-treated with a non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (NTAPPJ) or plasma-treated water (PTW). The CFU (Colony Forming Unit) number of Escherichia coli inoculated on surfaces of mushrooms pre-treated with NTAPPJ or PTW was significantly reduced (about 60-75% for NTAPPJ and about 35-85% for PTW), and the reduction rate was proportional to the treatment time. Bacterial attachment and viability of the attached bacteria were decreased on NTAPPJ-treated mushroom surfaces. This may be caused by the increased hydrophilicity and oxidizing capacity observed on NTAPPJ-treated mushroom surfaces. In PTW-treated mushrooms, bacterial attachment was not significantly changed, but death and lipid peroxidation of the attached bacteria were significantly increased. Analysis of mushroom quality showed that loss of water content was greater in mushrooms treated with NTAPPJ compared to that in those with no treatment (control) and PTW treatment during storage. Our results suggest that pre-treatment with NTAPPJ or PTW can improve the antibacterial quality of mushroom surfaces by decreasing bacterial attachment (for NTAPPJ) and increasing bacterial lipid peroxidation (for both NTAPPJ and PTW).
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Chen F, Wu M, Wu P, Xiao A, Ke M, Huselstein C, Cai L, Tong Z, Chen Y. Natural Flammulina velutipes-Based Nerve Guidance Conduit as a Potential Biomaterial for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3821-3834. [PMID: 34297535 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The treatment and repair of serious peripheral nerve injuries remain challenging in the clinical practice, while the application of multifunctional nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) based on naturally derived polymers has attracted much attention in recent years because of their excellent physicochemical properties and biological characteristics. Flammulina velutipes (Curt. ex FV) is a popular edible mushroom characterized by hollow tubular structures, antibacterial activities, and high nutritional properties. In this study, FV is utilized to construct NGCs (labeled FVC) via a freeze-drying technique without chemical modifications. The morphology, physical properties, cellular biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and nerve regeneration capacity of FVC were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. FVC is composed of hollow tubes and evenly irregular interconnected micropores with 73.8 ± 5.5% porosity and 476.1 ± 12.9 μm hollow tube diameter. The inner surface of the FVC presents multiple microgrooves elongated parallel to the long axis. Moreover, FVC possessed strong antibacterial activity and could inhibit Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus growth by up to 96.0% and Gram-negative Escherichia coli growth by up to 94.8% in vitro. FVC exhibited excellent biocompatibility and effectively promoted PC-12 cell proliferation and elongation in vitro. When applied to repair critical-sized sciatic nerve defects, FVC could effectively stimulate nerve functional recovery and axonal outgrowth in a rat model. Interestingly, Western blot analysis indicated that growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) had increased expression levels in the FVC group compared with the autograft group. This result suggested that by activating the Janus activated kinase2 (JAK2)/Phosphorylation ofsignal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signaling pathway, FVC upregulated Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (P-STAT3) in vivo, resulting in the secretion of GAP-43. Collectively, a natural NGC FVC was fabricated based on FV without chemical modifications. The morphology, physical properties, cellular biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and nerve regeneration capacity of FVC provide new insights for its further optimization and application in the field of nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ao Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Meifang Ke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Céline Huselstein
- CNRS UMR 7561 and FR CNRS-INSERM 32.09 Nancy University, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy 54500, France
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zan Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Al-Obaidi JR, Jambari NN, Ahmad-Kamil EI. Mycopharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals: Promising Agents to Improve Human Well-Being and Life Quality. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7070503. [PMID: 34202552 PMCID: PMC8304235 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi, especially edible mushrooms, are considered as high-quality food with nutritive and functional values. They are of considerable interest and have been used in the synthesis of nutraceutical supplements due to their medicinal properties and economic significance. Specific fungal groups, including predominantly filamentous endophytic fungi from Ascomycete phylum and several Basidiomycetes, produce secondary metabolites (SMs) with bioactive properties that are involved in the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. These beneficial fungi, while high in protein and important fat contents, are also a great source of several minerals and vitamins, in particular B vitamins that play important roles in carbohydrate and fat metabolism and the maintenance of the nervous system. This review article will summarize and discuss the abilities of fungi to produce antioxidant, anticancer, antiobesity, and antidiabetic molecules while also reviewing the evidence from the last decade on the importance of research in fungi related products with direct and indirect impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel R. Al-Obaidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim 35900, Perak, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (J.R.A.-O.); (N.N.J.)
| | - Nuzul Noorahya Jambari
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (J.R.A.-O.); (N.N.J.)
| | - E. I. Ahmad-Kamil
- Malaysian Nature Society (MNS), JKR 641, Jalan Kelantan, Bukit Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 50480, Malaysia;
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Natural Food Polysaccharides Ameliorate Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Mechanisms. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061288. [PMID: 34199820 PMCID: PMC8227517 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides and their metabolites’ short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have attracted much attention. Recently, they have shown great potential in attenuating systemic inflammation activities, especially in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a complex pathological process and is related to epithelial damage and microbiota imbalance in the gut. Recent studies have indicated that natural polysaccharides could improve IBD recovery by different mechanisms. They could not only influence the ratio of intestine microbiota, but also regulate the secretion levels of immunity cytokines through multiple pathways, the latter including modulation of the TLR/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways and stimulation of G-protein-coupled receptors. Moreover, they could increase intestinal integrity and modulate oxidative stress. In this review, recent research about how natural polysaccharides impact the pathogenesis of IBD are summarized to prove the association between polysaccharides and disease recovery, which might contribute to the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, improve intestine epithelial damage, reduce oxidative stress, sustain the balanced microenvironment of the intestines, and finally lower the risk of IBD.
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Bioprospecting of the agaricomycete Ganoderma australe GPC191 as novel source for L-asparaginase production. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6192. [PMID: 33737513 PMCID: PMC7973716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Asparaginase is a therapeutically and industrially-competent enzyme, acting predominantly as an anti-neoplastic and anti-cancerous agent. The existing formulations of prokaryotic l-asparaginase are often toxic and contain l-glutaminase and urease residues, thereby increasing the purification steps. Production of l-glutaminase and urease free l-asparaginase is thus desired. In this research, bioprospecting of isolates from the less explored class Agaricomycetes was undertaken for l-asparaginase production. Plate assay (using phenol red and bromothymol blue dyes) was performed followed by estimation of l-asparaginase, l-glutaminase and urease activities by Nesslerization reaction for all the isolates. The isolate displaying the desired enzyme production was subjected to morphological, molecular identification, and phylogenetic analysis with statistical validation using Jukes-Cantor by Neighbour-joining tree of Maximum Likelihood statistical method. Among the isolates, Ganoderma australe GPC191 with significantly high zone index value (5.581 ± 0.045 at 120 h) and enzyme activity (1.57 ± 0.006 U/mL), devoid of l-glutaminase and urease activity was selected. The present study for the first-time reported G. australe as the potential source of l-glutaminase and urease-free l-asparaginase and also is one of the few studies contributing to the literature of G. australe in India. Hence, it can be postulated that it may find its future application in pharmaceutical and food industries.
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A comparison of toxic and essential elements in edible wild and cultivated mushroom species. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe multi-elemental composition of 4 edible wild-growing mushroom species that commonly occur in Polish forests was compared to 13 cultivated mushroom species available in trade. A considerable variation in the macroelements content was revealed with cultivated species containing higher amounts of macroelements. The mean content of B, Co, Cr, Fe, Pb, Pr, Pt, Sb, Sm, Sr, Te, and Tm was higher in cultivated mushroom species, while the opposite was noted for Ba, Cd, Cu, Hg, La, Mo, Sc, and Zn. Selected cultivated forms exhibited increased content of Al (F. velutipes), As (H. marmoreus, F. velutipes), Ni (P. ostreatus, A. polytricha, H. marmoreus), and Pb (P. ostreatus, A. polytricha, F. velupites, and L. edodes). Wild-growing species, B. boletus, I. badia, and S. bovinus contained high Hg levels, close to or exceeding tolerable intakes. Compared to cultivated mushrooms, they also generally revealed a significantly increased content of Al (with the highest content in B. edulis and I. badia), As and Cd (with the highest content in B. edulis and S. bovinus in both cases). In turn, the cultivated mushrooms were characterized by a higher content of Ni (particularly in A. bisporus) and Pb (with the highest content in P. eryngii). The exposure risks may, however, differ between wild and cultivated mushrooms since the former are consumed seasonally (although in some regions at a high level), while the latter are available throughout the year. Both cultivated and wild-growing mushrooms were found to be a poor source of Ca and Mg, and only a supplemental source of K, Cu, Fe, and Zn in the human diet. These results suggest that mushrooms collected from the wild or cultivated, should be consumed sparingly. The study advocates for more strict monitoring measures of the content of toxic metals/metalloids in mushrooms distributed as food, preferentially through the establishment of maximum allowance levels not limited only to a few elements and mushroom species.
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Chemopreventive activity of bioactive fungal fractions isolated from milk-supplemented cultures of Cerrena unicolor and Pycnoporus sanguineus on colon cancer cells. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:5. [PMID: 33442504 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02591-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical properties and anti-tumorigenic activity of Cerrena unicolor (CU) and Pycnoporus sanguineus (PS) towards colon cancer cells and the effect of supplementation of the fungal culture medium with cow milk on these activities were examined. CU1-II and PS4-II exhibited anticancer properties through various mechanisms. The extracts at the 200 µg/mL concentration significantly decreased the viability of HT-29 and SW948 cells. They also exhibited pro-apoptotic properties towards the cancer cell lines (HT-29, LS 180, and SW948). Furthermore, culturing the studied fungi on milk-supplemented media may improve the pro-health properties of both milk and mushrooms. The extracts had a higher concentration of proteins, lower levels of free amino acids, and higher content of phenolic compounds than milk. They also exerted a free radical scavenging effect, which may be connected with the high activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase. The tested extracts exhibited anticancer activity: C. unicolor grown on the medium without milk and P. sanguineus grown on the medium with milk. The CU1-II and PS4-II extracts exhibited the strongest anticancer properties; however, PS4-II exerted a milder effect on normal CCD 841 CoTr cells than CU1-II. CU3-II exerted the mildest effect among all extracts on both normal and cancer cells.
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Kour H, Kour S, Sharma Y, Singh S, Sharma I, Kour D, Yadav AN. Bioprospecting of Industrially Important Mushrooms. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Gao W, Zhou R, Liu F, Ng TB. A novel antitumor protein from the mushroom Pholiota nameko induces apoptosis of human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells in vivo and modulates cytokine secretion in mice bearing MCF-7 xenografts. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3171-3178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Borodina I, Kenny LC, McCarthy CM, Paramasivan K, Pretorius E, Roberts TJ, van der Hoek SA, Kell DB. The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical. Nutr Res Rev 2020; 33:190-217. [PMID: 32051057 PMCID: PMC7653990 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ERG) is an unusual thio-histidine betaine amino acid that has potent antioxidant activities. It is synthesised by a variety of microbes, especially fungi (including in mushroom fruiting bodies) and actinobacteria, but is not synthesised by plants and animals who acquire it via the soil and their diet, respectively. Animals have evolved a highly selective transporter for it, known as solute carrier family 22, member 4 (SLC22A4) in humans, signifying its importance, and ERG may even have the status of a vitamin. ERG accumulates differentially in various tissues, according to their expression of SLC22A4, favouring those such as erythrocytes that may be subject to oxidative stress. Mushroom or ERG consumption seems to provide significant prevention against oxidative stress in a large variety of systems. ERG seems to have strong cytoprotective status, and its concentration is lowered in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. It has been passed as safe by regulatory agencies, and may have value as a nutraceutical and antioxidant more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise C. Kenny
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL8 7SS, UK
| | - Cathal M. McCarthy
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Republic of Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Kalaivani Paramasivan
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Timothy J. Roberts
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, UK
| | - Steven A. van der Hoek
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, UK
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Kesharwani SS, Jain V, Dey S, Sharma S, Mallya P, Kumar VA. An overview of advanced formulation and nanotechnology-based approaches for solubility and bioavailability enhancement of silymarin. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Raman J, Jang KY, Oh YL, Oh M, Im JH, Lakshmanan H, Sabaratnam V. Cultivation and Nutritional Value of Prominent Pleurotus spp.: An Overview. MYCOBIOLOGY 2020; 49:1-14. [PMID: 33536808 PMCID: PMC7832515 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2020.1835142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pleurotus species are commercially essential mushrooms and widely cultivated throughout the world. The production of Pleurotus mushrooms alone accounts for around 25% of that total cultivated mushrooms globally. In America and Europe, Pleurotus species are considered specialty mushrooms, whereas, in Korea, their cultivation is economically profitable, and it is one of the highly consumed species. Pleurotus species are predominantly found in tropical forests and often grow on fallen branches, dead and decaying tree stumps, and wet logs. Biographical studies have shown that the Pleurotus genus is among the more conspicuous fungi that induce wood decay in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide due to its formidable lignin-modifying enzymes, including laccase and versatile peroxidases. Pleurotus species can be grown easily due to their fast colonization nature on diversified agro-substrates and their biological efficiency 100%. Pleurotus mushrooms are rich in proteins, dietary fiber, essential amino acids, carbohydrates, water-soluble vitamins, and minerals. These mushrooms are abundant in functional bioactive molecules, though to influence health. Pleurotus mushrooms are finding unique applications as flavoring, aroma, and excellent preservation quality. Apart from its unique applications, Pleurotus mushrooms have a unique status delicacy with high nutritional and medicinal values. The present review provides an insight into the cultivation of Pleurotus spp. using different agro-waste as growth substances paying attention to their effects on the growth and chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jegadeesh Raman
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Kab-Yeul Jang
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Lee Oh
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Oh
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Im
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
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Chen J, Li JM, Tang YJ, Ma K, Li B, Zeng X, Liu XB, Li Y, Yang ZL, Xu WN, Xie BG, Liu HW, Guo SX. Genome-wide analysis and prediction of genes involved in the biosynthesis of polysaccharides and bioactive secondary metabolites in high-temperature-tolerant wild Flammulina filiformis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:719. [PMID: 33069230 PMCID: PMC7568368 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flammulina filiformis (previously known as Asian F. velutipes) is a popular commercial edible mushroom. Many bioactive compounds with medicinal effects, such as polysaccharides and sesquiterpenoids, have been isolated and identified from F. filiformis, but their biosynthesis and regulation at the molecular level remains unclear. In this study, we sequenced the genome of the wild strain F. filiformis Liu355, predicted its biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and profiled the expression of these genes in wild and cultivar strains and in different developmental stages of the wild F. filiformis strain by a comparative transcriptomic analysis. Results We found that the genome of the F. filiformis was 35.01 Mb in length and harbored 10,396 gene models. Thirteen putative terpenoid gene clusters were predicted and 12 sesquiterpene synthase genes belonging to four different groups and two type I polyketide synthase gene clusters were identified in the F. filiformis genome. The number of genes related to terpenoid biosynthesis was higher in the wild strain (119 genes) than in the cultivar strain (81 genes). Most terpenoid biosynthesis genes were upregulated in the primordium and fruiting body of the wild strain, while the polyketide synthase genes were generally upregulated in the mycelium of the wild strain. Moreover, genes encoding UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, which are involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis, had relatively high transcript levels both in the mycelium and fruiting body of the wild F. filiformis strain. Conclusions F. filiformis is enriched in a number of gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of polysaccharides and terpenoid bioactive compounds and these genes usually display differential expression between wild and cultivar strains, even in different developmental stages. This study expands our knowledge of the biology of F. filiformis and provides valuable data for elucidating the regulation of secondary metabolites in this unique F. filiformis strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Jing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhu-Liang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Nan Xu
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Gui Xie
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shun-Xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.
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Nieminen P, Mustonen AM. Toxic Potential of Traditionally Consumed Mushroom Species-A Controversial Continuum with Many Unanswered Questions. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E639. [PMID: 33023182 PMCID: PMC7599650 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushroom poisonings remain a significant cause of emergency medicine. While there are well-known species, such as Amanita phalloides, causing life-threatening poisonings, there is also accumulating evidence of poisonings related to species that have been considered edible and are traditionally consumed. In particular, the Tricholoma equestre group was reported to cause myotoxicity. In addition, particular wild mushrooms that are traditionally consumed especially in Asia and Eastern Europe have been subject to suspicion due to possible mutagenicity. Hitherto, the causative agents of these effects often remain to be determined, and toxicity studies have yielded contradictory results. Due to this, there is no consensus about the safety of these species. The issue is further complicated by difficulties in species identification and other possible sources of toxicity, such as microbiological contamination during storage, leading to sometimes opposite conclusions about the edibility of a species. This review focuses on existing data about these types of mushroom poisonings, including the still sparse knowledge about the causative chemical agents. In addition, the aim is to initiate a meta-discussion about the issue and to give some suggestions about how to approach the situation from the viewpoint of the collector, the researcher, and the practicing physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petteri Nieminen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Anne-Mari Mustonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Targeting Gut Microbial Biofilms-A Key to Hinder Colon Carcinogenesis? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082272. [PMID: 32823729 PMCID: PMC7465663 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global public health issue which poses a substantial humanistic and economic burden on patients, healthcare systems and society. In recent years, intestinal dysbiosis has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of CRC, with specific pathogens exhibiting oncogenic potentials such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis having been found to contribute to CRC development. More recently, it has been shown that initiation of CRC development by these microorganisms requires the formation of biofilms. Gut microbial biofilm forms in the inner colonic mucus layer and is composed of polymicrobial communities. Biofilm results in the redistribution of colonic epithelial cell E-cadherin, increases permeability of the gut and causes a loss of function of the intestinal barrier, all of which enhance intestinal dysbiosis. This literature review aims to compile the various strategies that target these pathogenic biofilms and could potentially play a role in the prevention of CRC. We explore the potential use of natural products, silver nanoparticles, upconverting nanoparticles, thiosalicylate complexes, anti-rheumatic agent (Auranofin), probiotics and quorum-sensing inhibitors as strategies to hinder colon carcinogenesis via targeting colon-associated biofilms.
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Mahfuz S, He T, Ma J, Liu H, Long S, Shang Q, Zhang L, Yin J, Piao X. Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) stem residue on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant status and lipid metabolism of broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1797545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shad Mahfuz
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hansuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenfei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghui Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Gałgowska M, Pietrzak-Fiećko R. Mineral Composition of Three Popular Wild Mushrooms from Poland. Molecules 2020; 25:E3588. [PMID: 32781786 PMCID: PMC7463485 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The region of Warmia and Mazury is characterized by the special diversity and richness of its natural environment, including large forest complexes, where wild mushrooms are commonly collected and consumed. This study aimed to examine the differences in mineral content (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese) of three species of mushrooms collected in north-eastern Poland. The research material consisted of dried samples of king bolete (Boletus edulis), bay bolete (Boletus badius), and chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) collected in the region of Warmia and Mazury. The content of the above-mentioned elements in mushroom fruit bodies was determined using the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (acetylene-air flame) and the emission technique (acetylene-air flame) for sodium and potassium. For the majority of micro- and macroelements, the studies confirmed the presence of significant differences in their content, depending on the species of fungi. The studied mushrooms cover a significant percentage of daily demand for many of the minerals. This concerns mainly copper, zinc, and potassium, although none of the species was a good source of calcium and sodium. Among the analyzed mushrooms, chanterelle is the best source of most minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Gałgowska
- Department of Meat Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Cieszyński 1 Sq, 10719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Renata Pietrzak-Fiećko
- Department of Commodities and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Cieszyński 1 Sq, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland
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Kesharwani SS, Mallya P, Kumar VA, Jain V, Sharma S, Dey S. Nobiletin as a Molecule for Formulation Development: An Overview of Advanced Formulation and Nanotechnology-Based Strategies of Nobiletin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:226. [PMID: 32761293 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 40% of compounds in clinical drug development suffer from solubility and bioavailability challenges. Evidence from literature demonstrates the growing interest to utilize flavonoids as potential compounds owing to their widespread therapeutic utility in various ailments. Nobiletin (NOB), one such dietary polymethoxylated flavonoid found in citrus fruits, has multiple pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory. It is useful in cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, atherosclerosis, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease. Although preclinical studies demonstrate the therapeutic utility of NOB, it suffers from serious biopharmaceutical limitations such as low aqueous solubility (below 1 μg/ml), poor permeability across biological barriers, and low bioavailability. To overcome these biopharmaceutical challenges associated with NOB, the use of advanced formulations and nanotechnology-based strategies appears to be a promising approach to potentiate its therapeutic action. Multiple reviews cover the various therapeutic benefits of NOB in various diseases; however, there is an absence of a comprehensive review that focuses on the formulation development strategies of NOB. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise perspective on NOB as a candidate molecule for formulation development. The manuscript covers various aspects related to NOB, such as its chemistry, physicochemical properties, and pharmacological effects. This is also a thorough review of various formulation development strategies with advances made in the past years to improve the solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of NOB. The review also contains information related to toxicity and patents involving NOB and its formulation.
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Fukushima-Sakuno E. Bioactive small secondary metabolites from the mushrooms Lentinula edodes and Flammulina velutipes. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 73:687-696. [PMID: 32733077 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-0354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms have been attracting attention as a source of bioactive compounds for the development of dietary supplements and medicines. Many researchers have reported pharmacological effects of edible mushrooms, and have isolated and identified bioactive substances. Lentinula edodes (shiitake) and Flammulina velutipes (enokitake) are the cultivated edible mushrooms that are popular throughout the world. In L. edodes, polyacetylenes and sulfur compounds have been shown to display antimicrobial activity. In F. velutipes, many types of bioactive terpenes have been reported from mycelium culture filtrate or solid culture substrate. This article reviews the bioactive metabolites of low-molecular weight from L. edodes and F. velutipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Fukushima-Sakuno
- The Tottori Mycological Institute, The Japan Kinoko Research Center Foundation, Tottori, Japan.
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Hassan RA, Shafi ME, Attia KM, Assar MH. Influence of Oyster Mushroom Waste on Growth Performance, Immunity and Intestinal Morphology Compared With Antibiotics in Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:333. [PMID: 32596274 PMCID: PMC7300226 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oyster mushroom waste (OMW) is a by-product of the agriculture industry with valuable antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, and prebiotic properties. This by-product might be a useful alternative to antibiotic growth stimulators in poultry nutrition. The purpose of this research was to test the impact of OMW on the immune responses and on the morphology of intestine of broiler chickens. Four dietary therapies with five replicas of 15 birds in each, totalling 300 day- Ross 308 broiler chickens, were utilized in this study. Control chickens were fed a mixed diet that included a maize-soybean meal complemented by 1 and 2% OMW in addition to the basal diet. Furthermore, Enramycin (125 g/kg) was added to the control diet as an antibiotic. Throughout this experiment, performance was studied as well as the immune response to the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and intestinal morphological traits. A substantial surge was noted in body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) of chickens after the addition of 1% OMW (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, feed supplementation with 2% OMW, compared with the control diet, produced no noteworthy increase in BWG or the feed conversion rate (FCR). Antibiotic addition, on the other hand, increased serum cholesterol (p ≤ 0.05). After 42 days, neither OMW nor antibiotic addition affected organ mass. In contrast, antibiotic addition reduced the small intestine percentage, crypt depth and villus height (p ≤ 0.05). The Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV) antibody titer improved after feed supplementation with 1% OMW comparing with the control and antibiotic diet group. Furthermore, OMW supplementation decreased the heterophil-to-lymphocyte H/L ratio (p ≤ 0.05). The use of OMW led to a reduction in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the breast and liver and an increase in glutathione peroxidase. It helped to reduce glutathione, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase. In conclusion, the impact of OMW were dose-dependent, and the use of 1% OMW in broiler diets enhanced their growth and immunity. Nonetheless, supplementation with 2% OMW produced conflicting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda A Hassan
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal E Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil M Attia
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Assar
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
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Investigation of differentiation of metal contents of Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus sold commercially in Poland between 2009 and 2017. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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