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Wang P, Ji Z, Chen H, Chen S, Pan C, Fei Q, Ge RS, Duan P, Li L. Structure-activity relationship and mechanistic study of organotins as inhibitors of human, pig, and rat gonadal 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 486:116942. [PMID: 38692360 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Organotins have been widely used in various industrial applications. This study investigated the structure-activity relationship as inhibitors of human, pig, and rat gonadal 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3β-HSD). Human KGN cell, pig, and rat testis microsomes were utilized to assess the inhibitory effects of 18 organotins on the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone. Among them, diphenyltin, triethyltin, and triphenyltin exhibited significant inhibitory activity against human 3β-HSD2 with IC50 values of 114.79, 106.98, and 5.40 μM, respectively. For pig 3β-HSD, dipropyltin, diphenyltin, triethyltin, tributyltin, and triphenyltin demonstrated inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 172.00, 100.19, 87.00, 5.75, and 1.65 μM, respectively. Similarly, for rat 3β-HSD1, dipropyltin, diphenyltin, triethyltin, tributyltin, and triphenyltin displayed inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 81.35, 43.56, 55.55, 4.09, and 0.035 μM, respectively. They were mixed inhibitors of pig and rat 3β-HSD, while triphenyltin was identified as a competitive inhibitor of human 3β-HSD2. The mechanism underlying the inhibition of organotins on 3β-HSD was explored, revealing that they may disrupt the enzyme activity by binding to cysteine residues in the catalytic sites. This proposition was supported by the observation that the addition of dithiothreitol reversed the inhibition caused by all organotins except for triethyltin, which was partially reversed. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the structure-activity relationship of organotins as inhibitors of human, pig, and rat gonadal 3β-HSD. The mechanistic investigation suggests that these compounds likely exert their inhibitory effects through binding to cysteine residues in the catalytic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Reproductive Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhongyao Ji
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huiqian Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Sailing Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chengshuang Pan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Reproductive Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qianjin Fei
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Ping Duan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Linxi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Shaban SF, Khattab MA, Abd El Hameed SH, Abdelrahman SA. Evaluating the histomorphological and biochemical changes induced by Tributyltin Chloride on pituitary-testicular axis of adult albino rats and the possible ameliorative role of hesperidin. Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:304-323. [PMID: 36988127 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2195489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to explore in detail the toxic effects of Tributyltin Chloride (TBT) on the pituitary-testicular axis and the possible amelioration with Hesperidin. Seventy-two adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: Control group (I), TBT-treated group (II), TBT+Hesperidin group (III), and Recovery group (IV). Body and testicular weights were measured. Blood samples were taken to estimate serum levels of testosterone, FSH and LH hormones by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured in testes homogenates. Tissue samples from the pituitary glands and testes were processed for light, electron microscope examination, and immunohistochemical detection of anti-FSH, and Ki67 proteins. Results showed a statistically significant decrease in testicular weight, serum testosterone, FSH and LH levels and a significant increase in tissue MDA in the TBT group when compared to the control group. TBT treatment caused severe histopathological changes with decreased area percent of PAS-stained basophils, and anti FSH immuno-stained gonadotrophs in the pituitary gland. The testes of group II also showed marked tissue damage, cell loss with decreased epithelial height and decreased number of proliferating spermatogenic cells. Hesperidin supplementation with TBT proved significant amelioration of the previously mentioned parameters in both glands which could improve male fertility. In conclusion: The flavonoid Hesperidin has the potential to protect against the reproductive damage induced by TBT in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar F Shaban
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Maha A Khattab
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar H Abd El Hameed
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A Abdelrahman
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Chen P, Song Y, Tang L, Zhong W, Zhang J, Cao M, Chen J, Cheng G, Li H, Fan T, Kwok HF, Wang J, Yang C, Xiao W. Tributyltin chloride (TBTCL) induces cell injury via dysregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in Leydig cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130785. [PMID: 36860030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin chloride (TBTCL), a commonly used antiseptic substance, is commonly found in the environment. Human exposure to TBTCL through the consumption of contaminated seafood, fish, or drinking water has aroused concern. It is well-characterized that TBTCL has multiple detrimental effects on the male reproductive system. However, the potential cellular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Here, we characterized molecular mechanisms of TBTCL-induced cell injury in Leydig cells, a critical supporter for spermatogenesis. We showed that TBTCL induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in TM3 mouse Leydig cells. RNA sequencing analyses revealed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy were potentially involved in TBTCL-induced cytotoxicity. We further showed that TBTCL causes ER stress and inhibited autophagy flux. Notably, the inhibition of ER stress attenuates not only TBTCL-induces autophagy flux inhibition but also apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Meanwhile, the activation of autophagy alleviates, and inhibition of autophagy exaggerates TBTCL-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest flux. These results suggest that TBTCL-induced ER stress and autophagy flux inhibition contributed to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in Leydig cells, providing novel understanding into the mechanisms of TBTCL-induced testis toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchen Chen
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Yali Song
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Tang
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Zhong
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - JingJing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Guangqing Cheng
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianyun Fan
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jigang Wang
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China; Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China; Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China; Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Wu X, Zhou L, Shi J, Cheng CY, Sun F. Multiomics analysis of male infertility. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:118-134. [PMID: 35639635 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility affects 8-12% of couples globally, and the male factor is a primary cause in approximately 50% of couples. Male infertility is a multifactorial reproductive disorder, which can be caused by paracrine and autocrine factors, hormones, genes, and epigenetic changes. Recent studies in rodents and most notably in humans using multiomics approach have yielded important insights into understanding the biology of spermatogenesis. Nonetheless, the etiology and pathogenesis of male infertility are still largely unknown. In this review, we summarized and critically evaluated findings based on the use of advanced technologies to compare normal and obstructive azoospermia (OA) versus non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) men, including whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), whole exome sequencing (WES), and ATAC-seq. It is obvious that the multiomics approach is the method of choice for basic research and clinical studies including clinical diagnosis of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wu
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Liwei Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
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Li S, Wang Y, Zou C, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Chen H, Yang W, Tu Y, Yan H, Li X, Ge RS. Cypermethrin inhibits Leydig cell development and function in pubertal rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1160-1172. [PMID: 35102696 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin is a broad-spectrum pyrethroid insecticide that is widely used. It may induce adverse endocrine-disrupting effects on the male reproductive system. Whether cypermethrin can disrupt Leydig cell development and function in the late puberty remains elusive. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of cypermethrin exposure to male rats on the development and function of Leydig cells in late puberty and explore the underlying mechanism. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats (age of 35 days) were gavaged with cypermethrin (0, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg/day) from postnatal day 35-49. Cypermethrin significantly lowered serum testosterone level while elevating serum luteinizing hormone level at a dose of 50 mg/kg, without altering serum follicle-stimulating hormone level. Cypermethrin markedly decreased CYP11A1-positive Leydig cell number at 50 mg/kg without affecting SOX9-positive Sertoli cell number. It significantly down-regulated the expression of Leydig cell genes, Lhcgr, Star, Cyp11a1, and Cyp17a1 and their proteins, while up-regulating the expression of Sertoli cell genes, Dhh and Amh, and their proteins, at doses of 12.5-50 mg/kg. In addition, cypermethrin significantly increased malondialdehyde level while lowering the expression of Sod1 and Sod2 and their proteins at 50 mg/kg. Cypermethrin markedly induced reactive oxidative species at a concentration of 200 μM and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential at 25 μM and higher concentrations after 24 h of treatment to primary Leydig cells in vitro. In conclusion, cypermethrin inhibits the development and function of Leydig cells in male rats in late puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiqiong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Tu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haoni Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Huang X, Ma T, Chen X. Tributyltin inhibits development of pubertal Leydig cells in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 111:49-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Liu ZJ, Liu YH, Huang SY, Zang ZJ. Insights into the Regulation on Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Leydig Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1521-1533. [PMID: 33598893 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Male hypogonadism is a clinical syndrome caused by testosterone deficiency. Hypogonadism can be caused by testicular disease (primary hypogonadism) or hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction (secondary hypogonadism). The present strategy for treating hypogonadism is the administration of exogenous testosterone. But exogenous testosterone is reported to have negative side effects including adverse cardiovascular events and disruption of physiological spermatogenesis probably due to its inability to mimic the physiological circadian rhythm of testosterone secretion in vivo. In recent years, a growing number of articles demonstrated that stem Leydig cells (SLCs) can not only differentiate into functional Leydig cells (LCs) in vivo to replace chemically disrupted LCs, but also secrete testosterone in a physiological pattern. The proliferation and differentiation of SLCs are regulated by various factors. However, the mechanisms involved in regulating the development of SLCs remain to be summarized. Factors involved in the regulation of SLCs can be divided into environmental pollutants, growth factors, cytokine and hormones. Environmental pollutants such as Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Triphenyltin (TPT) could suppress SLCs proliferation or differentiation. Growth factors including FGF1, FGF16, NGF and activin A are essential for the maintenance of SLCs self-renewal and differentiation. Interleukin 6 family could inhibit differentiation of SLCs. Among hormones, dexamethasone suppresses SLCs differentiation, while aldosterone suppresses their proliferation. The present review focuses on new progress about factors regulating SLC's proliferation and differentiation which will undoubtedly deepen our insights into SLCs and help make better clinical use of them. Different factors affect on the proliferation and differentiation of stem Leydig cells. Firstly, each rat was intraperitoneally injected EDS so as to deplete Leydig cells from the adult testis. Secondly, the CD51+ or CD90+ cells from the testis of rats are SLCs, and the p75+ cells from human adult testes are human SLCs. These SLCs in the testis start to proliferate and some of them differentiate into LCs. Thirdly, during the SLCs regeneration period, researchers could explore different function of those factors (pollutants, growth factors, cytokines and hormones) towards SLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Jie Liu
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Hui Liu
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Yu Huang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, China.
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Huang J, Fang L, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Ou K, Wang C. Long-term exposure to environmental levels of phenanthrene disrupts spermatogenesis in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117488. [PMID: 34090074 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (Phe) is a tricyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with high bioavailability under natural exposure. However, there are few studies on the reproductive toxicity of Phe in mammals. In this study, male Kunming mice were gavaged once every two days with Phe (5, 50, and 500 ng/kg) for 28 weeks. The accumulation levels of Phe in the testis were dose-dependently increased. Histopathological staining showed that Phe exposure reduced the number of spermatogonia, sperm and Sertoli cells. The percentage of testicular apoptotic cells was significantly increased, which was further verified by the upregulated BAX protein. The expression of the GDNF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was downregulated, which might suppress the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells. Meanwhile, Phe exposure inhibited the expression of Sertoli cell markers (Fshr, WT1, Sox9) and the Leydig cell marker Cyp11a1, indicating damage to the function of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells. Serum estrogen and testicular estrogen receptor alpha were significantly upregulated, while androgen receptor expression was downregulated. These alterations might be responsible for impaired spermatogenesis. This study provides new insights for evaluating the reproductive toxicity and potential mechanisms of Phe in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Lu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Shenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Kunlin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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Liu H, Jiang W, Ye Y, Yang B, Shen X, Lu S, Zhu J, Liu M, Yang C, Kuang H. Maternal exposure to tributyltin during early gestation increases adverse pregnancy outcomes by impairing placental development. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1303-1315. [PMID: 33720505 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is a persistent organotin pollutant widely used as agricultural and wood biocides, exhibiting well-documented toxicity to reproductive functions in aquatic organisms. However, the effect of TBT on early pregnancy and placental development has been rarely studied in mice. Pregnant mice were fed with 0, 0.2, and 2 mg/kg/day TBT from gravid day 1 to day 8 or 13. TBT exposure led to an increase in the number of resorbed embryo and a reduction in the weight of fetus at gestational days 13. Further study showed that TBT significantly decreased placental weight and area, lowered laminin immunoreactivity and the expressions of placental development-related molecules including Fra1, Eomes, Hand1, and Ascl2. Moreover, TBT treatment markedly inhibited the placental proliferation and induced up-regulation of p53 and cleaved caspase-3 proteins, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein. In addition, TBT administration increased levels of malondialdehyde and H2 O2 and decreased activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Collectively, these results suggested TBT-induced adverse pregnancy outcomes during early pregnancy might be involved in developmental disorders of the placenta via dysregulation of key molecules, proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenyu Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Clinic Medicine, School of Queen Mary, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yafen Ye
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bei Yang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Siying Lu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuanzhen Yang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haibin Kuang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sertoli cells play central roles in the development of testis formation in fetuses and the initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis in puberty and adulthood, and disorders of Sertoli cell proliferation and/or functional maturation can cause male reproductive disorders at various life stages. It's well documented that various genes are either overexpressed or absent in Sertoli cells during the conversion of an immature, proliferating Sertoli cell to a mature, non-proliferating Sertoli cell, which are considered as Sertoli cell stage-specific markers. Thus, it is paramount to choose an appropriate Sertoli cell marker that will be used not only to identify the developmental, proliferative, and maturation of Sertoli cell status in the testis during the fetal period, prepuberty, puberty, or in the adult, but also to diagnose the mechanisms underlying spermatogenic dysfunction. AREAS COVERED In this review, we principally enumerated 5 categories of testicular Sertoli cell markers - including immature Sertoli cell markers, mature Sertoli cell markers, immature/mature Sertoli cell markers, Sertoli cell functional markers, and others. EXPERT OPINION By delineating the characteristics and applications of more than 20 Sertoli cell markers, this review provided novel Sertoli cell markers for the more accurate diagnosis and mechanistic evaluation of male reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu You
- College of Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang China.,The Second People's Hospital of Yichang, China Three Gorges University, Yichang China
| | - Ding Yuan
- College of Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Changcheng Zhang
- College of Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- College of Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang China
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11
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Counteracting effects of heavy metals and antioxidants on male fertility. Biometals 2021; 34:439-491. [PMID: 33761043 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is regarded as a global health problem affecting 8-12% of couples. Male factors are regarded as the main cause of infertility in 40% of infertile couples and contribute to this condition in combination with female factors in another 20% of cases. Abnormal sperm parameters such as oligospermia, asthenospermia, and teratozoospermia result in male factor infertility. Several studies have shown the deteriorative impact of heavy metals on sperm parameters and fertility in human subjects or animal models. Other studies have pointed to the role of antioxidants in counteracting the detrimental effects of heavy metals. In the currents study, we summarize the main outcomes of studies that assessed the counteracting impacts of heavy metal and antioxidants on male fertility. Based on the provided data from animal studies, it seems rational to administrate appropriate antioxidants in persons who suffer from abnormal sperm parameters and infertility due to exposure to toxic elements. Yet, further human studies are needed to approve the beneficial effects of these antioxidants.
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12
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Yuan GH, Zhang Z, Gao XS, Zhu J, Guo WH, Wang L, Ding P, Jiang P, Li L. Gut microbiota-mediated tributyltin-induced metabolic disorder in rats. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43619-43628. [PMID: 35519721 PMCID: PMC9058259 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07502g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), an environmental pollutant widely used in antifouling coatings, can cause multiple-organ toxicity and gut microbiome dysbiosis in organisms, and can even cause changes in the host metabolomic profiles. However, little is known about the underlying effects and links of TBT-induced metabolic changes and gut microbiome dysbiosis. In this study, rats were exposed to TBT at a dose of 100 μg kg-1 body weight (BW) for 38 days, followed by multi-omics analysis, including microbiome, metabolomics, and metallomics. Results showed that TBT exposure reduced rat weight gain and decreased the serum triglyceride (TG) level. Metabolic analysis revealed that TBT fluctuated linoleic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism in the liver; the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism in serum; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, the one carbon pool by folate, nicotinate, and nicotinamide metabolism; and tryptophan metabolism in feces. Furthermore, TBT treatment dictated liver inflammation due to enhancing COX-2 expression by activating protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress instead of stimulating arachidonic acid metabolism. Meanwhile, alteration of the intestinal flora [Acetivibrio]_ethanolgignens_group, Acetatifactor, Eisenbergiella, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010, Enterococcus, Anaerovorax, and Bilophila under TBT exposure were found to be involved in further mediating liver inflammation, causing lipid metabolism abnormalities, such as TG, linoleic acid, and glycerophospholipids, and interfering with the energy supply process. Among these, [Acetivibrio]_ethanolgignens_group, Enterococcus, and Bilophila could be considered as potential biomarkers for TBT exposure based on receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Hui Yuan
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 101 Longmian Avenue Nanjing 211166 China +86-25-8686-8499 +86-25-8686-8402 +86-25-8686-8404 +86-25-8686-8402
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 101 Longmian Avenue Nanjing 211166 China +86-25-8686-8499 +86-25-8686-8402 +86-25-8686-8404 +86-25-8686-8402.,Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 101 Longmian Avenue Nanjing 211166 P. R. China
| | - Xing-Su Gao
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 101 Longmian Avenue Nanjing 211166 China +86-25-8686-8499 +86-25-8686-8402 +86-25-8686-8404 +86-25-8686-8402
| | - Jun Zhu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 101 Longmian Avenue Nanjing 211166 China +86-25-8686-8499 +86-25-8686-8402 +86-25-8686-8404 +86-25-8686-8402
| | - Wen-Hui Guo
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 101 Longmian Avenue Nanjing 211166 China +86-25-8686-8499 +86-25-8686-8402 +86-25-8686-8404 +86-25-8686-8402.,Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 101 Longmian Avenue Nanjing 211166 P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 101 Longmian Avenue Nanjing 211166 China +86-25-8686-8499 +86-25-8686-8402 +86-25-8686-8404 +86-25-8686-8402.,Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 101 Longmian Avenue Nanjing 211166 P. R. China
| | - Ping Ding
- Xiang Ya School of Public Health, Central South University Changsha 410078 P. R. China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 101 Longmian Avenue Nanjing 211166 China +86-25-8686-8499 +86-25-8686-8402 +86-25-8686-8404 +86-25-8686-8402.,Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 101 Longmian Avenue Nanjing 211166 P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 101 Longmian Avenue Nanjing 211166 China +86-25-8686-8499 +86-25-8686-8402 +86-25-8686-8404 +86-25-8686-8402.,Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 101 Longmian Avenue Nanjing 211166 P. R. China
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13
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Hu J, Zhang D, Yan Z, Cheng Y. The in vitro effects of trimethyltin on the androgen biosynthesis of rat immature Leydig cells. Toxicology 2020; 444:152577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Zhang H, Lu H, Chen P, Chen X, Sun C, Ge RS, Su Z, Ye L. Effects of gestational Perfluorooctane Sulfonate exposure on the developments of fetal and adult Leydig cells in F1 males. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114241. [PMID: 32120262 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Studies have showed that some of the most common male reproductive disorders present in adult life might have a fetal origin. Perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS) is one of the major environmental pollutants that may affect the development of male reproductive system if exposed during fetal or pubertal periods. However, whether PFOS exposure during fetal period affects testicular functions in the adult is still unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of a brief gestational exposure to PFOS on the development of adult Leydig- and Sertoli-cells in the male offspring. Eighteen pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups and each received 0, 1 or 5 mg/kg/day PFOS from gestational day 5-20. The testicular functions of F1 males were evaluated on day 1, 35 and 90 after birth. PFOS treatment significantly decreased serum testosterone levels of animals by all three ages examined. The expression level of multiple mRNAs and proteins of Leydig (Scarb1, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1 and Hsd17b3) and Sertoli (Dhh and Sox9) cells were also down-regulated by day 1 and 90. PFOS exposure might also inhibit Leydig cell proliferation since the number of PCNA-positive Leydig cells were significantly reduced by postnatal day 35. Accompanied by changes in Leydig cell proliferation and differentiation, PFOS also significantly reduced phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β while increased phosphorylation of β-catenin. In conclusion, gestational PFOS exposure may have significant long-term effects on adult testicular functions of the F1 offspring. Changes in Wnt signaling may play a role in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Hemin Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xipo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Chengcheng Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Zhijian Su
- Biopharmaceutical Research and Development Center, Department of Cell Biology Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leping Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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15
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Cui Y, Chen R, Ma L, Yang W, Chen M, Zhang Y, Yu S, Dong W, Zeng W, Lan X, Pan C. miR-205 Expression Elevated With EDS Treatment and Induced Leydig Cell Apoptosis by Targeting RAP2B via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:448. [PMID: 32596241 PMCID: PMC7300349 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult Leydig cells (ALCs), originated from stem Leydig cells (SLCs), can secrete testosterone which is essential for germ cell development and sexual behavior maintenance. As a synthetic compound, ethane dimethane sulfonate (EDS), a well-known alkylating agent, has been reported to specifically ablate ALCs. In this study, EDS was verified to ablate differentiated pig LCs by experiments. Subsequently, the primary isolated pig LCs (containing SLCs and differentiated LCs) and EDS-treated LCs (almost exclusively SLCs) were collected for RNA-seq 4,904 genes and 15 miRNAs were differently expressed between the two groups. Down-regulated genes in the EDS-treated group were mainly related to steroid hormone biosynthesis. The highest up-regulation miRNAs was miR-205 after EDS treatment. Additionally, miR-205 was expressed more highly in pig SLCs clones compared with differentiated LCs. Through qRT-PCR, western blot (WB), TUNEL, EDU and flow cytometry, miR-205 was found to induce cell apoptosis, but did not affect proliferation or differentiation in both TM3 and GC-1spg mouse cell lines. Through luciferase reporter assays and WB, RAP2B was identified as a target gene of miR-205. Besides, overexpression of miR-205 inhibited the expressions of PI3K, Akt and p-AKT. All these findings were helpful for elucidating the regulation mechanism in pig LCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Mingyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yanghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wuzi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chuanying Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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16
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Li X, Li L, Chen X, Li X, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Gao-Smith F, Ge RS. Triphenyltin chloride reduces the development of rat adrenal cortex during puberty. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111479. [PMID: 32504733 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Triphenyltin has been classified as an endocrine disruptor. However, whether triphenyltin interferes with the adrenal glands during puberty remains unknown. Here, we reported the effects of triphenyltin on the adrenal glands in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats (age of 35 days) were orally administered with 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg/day triphenyltin for 18 days. Triphenyltin significantly lowered corticosterone levels at 1 and 2 mg/kg and adrenocorticotropic hormone at 2 mg/kg. The RNA-Seq analysis detected multiple differentially expressed genes. Four down-regulated genes were transcription factor genes (Nr4a1, Nr4a2, Nr4a3, and Ppard), which might be associated with the suppression of the adrenal cortex function. RNA-seq and qPCR showed that triphenyltin dose-dependently down-regulated the expression of the genes for cholesterol transport and biosynthesis, including Scarb1, Ldlr, Hmgcs1, Hmgcr, and Hsd17b7. Further Western blotting revealed that it lowered NR4A1, PPRAD, LDLR, and HMGCS1 protein levels. We treated H295R adrenal cells with 1-100 nM triphenyltin for 72 h. Triphenyltin induced significant higher ROS production at 100 nM and did not induce apoptosis at 10 and 100 nM. In conclusion, triphenyltin inhibits production of corticosterone via blocking the expression of cholesterol uptake transporters and cholesterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linchao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Gao-Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Selvaraju V, Baskaran S, Agarwal A, Henkel R. Environmental contaminants and male infertility: Effects and mechanisms. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13646. [PMID: 32447772 DOI: 10.1111/and.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of male infertility and decreasing trend in sperm quality have been correlated with rapid industrialisation and the associated discharge of an excess of synthetic substances into the environment. Humans are inevitably exposed to these ubiquitously distributed environmental contaminants, which possess the ability to intervene with the growth and function of male reproductive organs. Several epidemiological reports have correlated the blood and seminal levels of environmental contaminants with poor sperm quality. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of various environmental contaminants on spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, Sertoli cells, blood-testis barrier, epididymis and sperm functions. The reported reprotoxic effects include alterations in the spermatogenic cycle, increased germ cell apoptosis, inhibition of steroidogenesis, decreased Leydig cell viability, impairment of Sertoli cell structure and function, altered expression of steroid receptors, increased permeability of blood-testis barrier, induction of peroxidative and epigenetic alterations in spermatozoa resulting in poor sperm quality and function. In light of recent scientific reports, this review discusses the effects of environmental contaminants on the male reproductive function and the possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaithinathan Selvaraju
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Saradha Baskaran
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ralf Henkel
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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18
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Aldahhan RA, Stanton PG, Ludlow H, de Kretser DM, Hedger MP. Acute heat-treatment disrupts inhibin-related protein production and gene expression in the adult rat testis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110546. [PMID: 31422101 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Heat reversibly disrupts spermatogenesis, but the effects on Sertoli cell (SC) function and inhibin/activin-related proteins are less well-defined. Adult rat testis weights decreased by 40% within 2 weeks after heat-treatment (43 °C, 15 min), due to loss of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. Coincident effects were reduced SC nuclear volume at one week and >50% reduction in expression of several critical SC genes (Inha, Cld11, Gja1, Tjp1, Cldn3) by 2 weeks. Leydig cell steroidogenic enzymes, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, were also reduced. Activin gene expression was unaffected at this time, but expression of the activin-binding protein, follistatin (Fst), increased >2-fold. At 4-8 weeks, coincident with the recovery of spermatocytes and early spermatids, but progressive loss of elongated spermatids, most SC genes had recovered; however, testicular activin A was reduced and activin B increased. At 8 weeks, serum inhibin was decreased and, consequently, serum FSH increased. Crucially, germ cell damage was not associated with a significant inflammatory response. At 14 weeks, most testicular parameters had returned to normal, but testis weights remained slightly reduced. These data indicate that, following acute heat-treatment, expression of several key Sertoli and Leydig cell genes declined in parallel with the initial loss of meiotic germ cells, whereas activins were responsive to the subsequent loss of mature spermatids, leading to an increase in testicular activin B production relative to activin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid A Aldahhan
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Peter G Stanton
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - David M de Kretser
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark P Hedger
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Chen X, Li C, Chen Y, Ni C, Chen X, Zhang L, Xu X, Chen M, Ma X, Zhan H, Xu A, Ge R, Guo X. Aflatoxin B1 impairs leydig cells through inhibiting AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy flux pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:261-272. [PMID: 31176127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potential endocrine disrupter, has been shown to induce hepatotoxicity in animal models, but the effects of AFB1 on Leydig cell function are unclear. In this study, in vivo exposure to AFB1 at 15 and 150 μg/kg/day lowered serum testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, reduced Leydig cell number, and down-regulated the expression of testosterone biosynthesis-related genes. In vitro study showed that AFB1 (10 μM) significantly increased ROS levels, and decreased T production in Leydig cells by suppressing certain T-biosynthesis gene expressions. Moreover, AFB1 induced Leydig cell apoptosis through lowering pAMPK/AMPK ratio and increasing pmTOR/mTOR ratio, and then further up-regulating autophagy and apoptosis proteins, LC3, BECLIN 1, and BAX, as well as down-regulating autophagy flux protein P62 and anti-apoptosis protein BCL-2. AFB1-induced toxicity in Leydig cells was characterized by inhibiting T-biosynthesis gene expression, reducing Leydig cell number, promoting ROS production, and inducing cell apoptosis via suppressing AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy flux pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwu Chen
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Li
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaobo Ni
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuxiu Chen
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linlei Zhang
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuni Xu
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; The Second Clinical Medical School of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; The Second Clinical Medical School of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyi Ma
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; The Second Clinical Medical School of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huilu Zhan
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; The Second Clinical Medical School of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aoyu Xu
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; The Second Clinical Medical School of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; The Second Clinical Medical School of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Ma D, Luo N, Xue G. Trimethyltin (TMT) Reduces Testosterone Production in Adult Leydig Cells in Rats. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:493-500. [PMID: 31451011 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819870719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Trimethyltin (TMT) is widely used as a plastic heat stabilizer and can cause severe toxicity. Here, the effects of TMT on testosterone production by adult Leydig cells and the related mechanisms of action were investigated. Eighteen adult male Sprague Dawley rats (56 days old) were randomly divided into 3 groups and given intraperitoneal injection of TMT for 21 consecutive days at the doses of 0 (vehicle control), 5, or 10 mg/kg/d. After treatment, trunk blood was collected for hormonal analysis. In addition, related gene and protein expression in testes was detected. At 10 mg/kg, TMT significantly reduced serum testosterone levels but increased serum luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. The messenger RNA and protein levels of luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, and SRY box 9 were significantly lower in the TMT-treated testes than in controls. Immunohistochemical study showed that TMT decreased adult Leydig cell number. In conclusion, these findings indicate that TMT reduced adult Leydig cell testosterone production in vivo by directly downregulating the expression of steroidogenic enzymes and decreasing adult Leydig cell number in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derong Ma
- Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Both authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Nengqin Luo
- Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Both authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Guoqiang Xue
- Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Kulbay M, Johnson B, Bernier J. DNA fragmentation factor 40 expression in T cells confers sensibility to tributyltin-induced apoptosis. Toxicology 2019; 426:152255. [PMID: 31401084 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40), an endonuclease, mediates the final and irreversible step of apoptosis by conducting oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. New emerging studies have proposed a role of DFF40 in genomic stability, besides its nuclease activity. Overexpression of DFF40 in tumoral cells increases their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we sought to determine if DFF40 expression influences the toxicity of tributyltin (TBT), a well-known immunotoxic and apoptosis-inducing compound. The strategy used was to knockout DFF40 expression by CRISPR-cas9 method in Jurkat T cells and to determine the toxicity of TBT in DFF40 KO cells and DFF40 WT Jurkat cells. DFF40 KO Jurkat cells show an increase of cell viability following a 24-h TBT exposure (p < 0.05). There is a resistance to TBT-induced apoptosis determined by annexin V/PI am labeling (p < 0.05). Interestingly, the basal level of ROS rises in DFF40 KO Jurkat cells, but ROS production levels after TBT exposure remains at the same basal level. Other apoptosis or DNA damage makers (procaspase-3, caspase-6, and PARP cleavage) are significantly delayed and decreased. DFF40 deficient cells do not present histone H2AX phosphorylation, whereas wild-type cells present a phosphorylation following a 6-h exposure to TBT (p < 0.001). The re-expression of DFF40 in DFF40 KO cells restores the cytotoxic effects of TBT. Overall, these data suggest a role of DFF40 in cells sensitivity to TBT and possibly in DNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kulbay
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, H7V 1B7, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruno Johnson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, H7V 1B7, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Bernier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, H7V 1B7, Laval, Québec, Canada.
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22
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Stem Leydig cell regeneration in the adult rat testis is inhibited after a short-term triphenyltin exposure. Toxicol Lett 2019; 306:80-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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23
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Endocrine disruptors of inhibiting testicular 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 303:90-97. [PMID: 30826252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Testicular 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B) is a steroidogenic enzyme, catalyzing the conversion of 3β-hydroxysteroids into 3-keto-steroids. Two distinct isoforms in the human are cloned, HSD3B1 and HSD3B2, and HSD3B2 is located in the testis. HSD3B2 is a two-substrate enzyme, which binds to cofactor NAD+ and a 3β-steroid. Many endocrine disruptors, including industrial compounds (phthalates, bisphenols, and perfluoroalkyl substances), insecticides and biocides (organochlorine insecticides and organotins), food additives (butylated hydroxyanisole, resveratrol, gossypol, flavones, and isoflavones), and drugs (etomidate, troglitazone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and ketoconazole) inhibit testicular HSD3B, possibly interfering with androgen synthesis. In this review, we discuss the distinct testicular isoform of HSD3B, its gene, chemistry, subcellular location, and the endocrine disruptors that directly inhibit testicular HSD3B and their inhibitory modes.
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Huang X, Ma T, Yin Y. Dibutyltin Dichloride Retards Leydig Cell Developmental Regeneration in Adult Rat Testis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1320. [PMID: 30555322 PMCID: PMC6283912 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dibutyltin dichloride (DBTCl), widely used as plastic stabilizer, can cause comprehensive toxicity. The present study aims to investigate the effects of DBTCl on rat Leydig cell developmental regeneration and characterize the related mechanism. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and gavaged with saline (control) or 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg/day of DBTCl consecutively for 10 days. At the end of the DBTCl treatment, all rats received a single intraperitoneal injection (i.p.,) of 75 mg/kg ethane dimethane sulfonate (EDS) to eliminate all the adult Leydig cells and to induce Leydig cell developmental regeneration. Leydig cell developmental regeneration was evaluated by measuring the levels of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone on days 7, 35, and 56 post-EDS. Leydig cell gene and protein expression levels, as well as cell morphology and cell counts were also carried out on day 56 post-EDS. The present study found that DBTCl significantly reduced serum testosterone levels on days 35 and 56 post-EDS, but increased serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels on day 56 at ≥ 5 mg/kg/day. The mRNA and protein levels of Leydig (Lhcgr, Scarb1, Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd17b3, and Hsd11b1) and Sertoli cells (Fshr, Amh, and Sox9) were significantly downregulated in the DBTCl-treated testes compared to the control. Immunohistochemical staining showed that DBTCl-treatment caused fewer regenerated Leydig cells and impaired Sertoli cell development and function in the testis on day 56 post-EDS. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that DBTCl retards rat Leydig cell developmental regeneration by downregulating steroidogenesis-related enzymes at the gene and protein levels, inhibiting Leydig cell proliferation and impairing Sertoli cell function and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiande Huang
- Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Taoye Ma
- Department of Urology, Second Provincial People's Hospital of Gansu, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Yin
- Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Chen X, Dong Y, Tian E, Xie L, Wang G, Li X, Chen X, Chen Y, Lv Y, Ni C, Fang Y, Zhong Y, Ge RS. 4-Bromodiphenyl ether delays pubertal Leydig cell development in rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:986-997. [PMID: 30119030 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are a class of brominated flame retardants that are potential endocrine disruptors. 4-Bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-3) is the most abundant photodegradation product of higher polybrominated diphenyl ethers. However, whether BDE-3 affects Leydig cell development during puberty is still unknown. The objective of this study was to explore effects of BDE-3 on the pubertal development of rat Leydig cells. Male Sprague Dawley rats (35 days of age) were gavaged daily with BDE-3 (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight/day) for 21 days. BDE-3 decreased serum testosterone levels (1.099 ± 0.412 ng/ml at a dose of 200 mg/kg BDE-3 when compared to the control level (2.402 ± 0.184 ng/ml, mean ± S.E.). BDE-3 decreased Leydig cell size and cytoplasmic size at a dose of 200 mg/kg, decreased Lhcgr, Star, Dhh, and Sox9 mRNA levels at ≥ 100 mg/kg and Scarb1, Cyp11a1, Hsd17b3, and Fshr at 200 mg/kg. BED-3 also decreased the phosphorylation of AKT1, AKT2, ERK1/2, and AMPK at 100 or 200 mg/kg. BDE-3 in vitro induced ROS generation, inhibited androgen production, down-regulated Lhcgr, Scarb1, Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, Srd5a1, and Akr1c14 expression in immature Leydig cells after 24-h treatment. In conclusion, the current study indicates that BDE-3 disrupts Leydig cell development via suppressing AKT, ERK1/2, and AMPK phosphorylation and inducing ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yaoyao Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Erpo Tian
- Jinjiang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Lubin Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Guimin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiuxiu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yao Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chaobo Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yinghui Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Jinjiang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China.
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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26
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Li H, Fang Y, Ni C, Chen X, Mo J, Lv Y, Chen Y, Chen X, Lian Q, Ge RS. Lambda-cyhalothrin delays pubertal Leydig cell development in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:709-717. [PMID: 30029170 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is a widely used broad-spectrum pyrethroid insecticide and is expected to cause deleterious effects on the male reproductive system. However, the effects of LCT on Leydig cell development during puberty are unclear. The current study addressed these effects. Twenty-eight-day-old male Sprague Dawley rats orally received LCT (0, 0.25, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg body weight/day) for 30 days. The levels of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, Leydig cell number, and its specific gene and protein expression were determined. LCT exposure lowered serum testosterone levels at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg and luteinizing hormone levels at a dose of 1 mg/kg, but increased follicle-stimulating hormone levels at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. LCT lowered Star and Hsd3b1 mRNA or their protein levels at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Immature Leydig cells were purified from pubertal rats and treated with different concentrations of LCT for 24 h and medium androgen levels, Leydig cell mRNA and protein levels, the mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm), and the apoptotic rate of immature Leydig cells were investigated. LCT inhibited androgen production at 5 μM and downregulated Scarb1 at 0.05 μM, Hsd3b1 and Hsd11b1 at 0.5 μM, and Cyp11a1 at 5 μM. LCT also decreased △Ψm at 0.5 and 50 μM. In conclusion, LCT can influence the function of Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huitao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yinghui Fang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chaobo Ni
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiuxiu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jiaying Mo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yao Lv
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yong Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xianwu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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27
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Zhang Y, Cui Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Gao J, Yu T, Lv X, Pan C. Pig StAR: mRNA expression and alternative splicing in testis and Leydig cells, and association analyses with testicular morphology traits. Theriogenology 2018; 118:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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