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Maharjan A, Gautam R, Lee G, Kim D, Lee D, Acharya M, Kim H, Heo Y, Kim C. Assessment of skin sensitization potential of zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, manganese oxide, and copper oxide nanoparticles through the local lymph node assay: 5-bromo-deoxyuridine flow cytometry method. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38796781 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2357466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The advent of nanotechnology has significantly spurred the utilization of nanoparticles (NPs) across diverse sectors encompassing industry, agriculture, engineering, cosmetics, and medicine. Metallic oxides including zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), manganese oxide (Mn2O3), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3), in their NP forms, have become prevalent in cosmetics and various dermal products. Despite the expanding consideration of these compounds for dermal applications, their potential for initiating skin sensitization (SS) has not been comprehensively examined. An in vivo assay, local lymph node assay: 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine-flow cytometry method (LLNA: BrdU-FCM) recognized as an alternative testing method for screening SS potential was used to address these issues. Following the OECD TG 442B guidelines, NPs suspensions smaller than 50 nm size were prepared for ZnO and Al2O3 at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50%, and Mn2O3 and CuO at concentrations of 5, 10, and 25%, and applied to the dorsum of each ear of female BALB/c mice on a daily basis for 3 consecutive days. Regarding the prediction of test substance to skin sensitizer if sensitization index (SI)≥2.7, all 4 NPs were classified as non-sensitizing. The SI values were below 2.06, 1.33, 1.42, and 0.99 for ZnO, Al2O3, Mn2O3, and CuO, respectively, at all test concentrations. Although data presented were negative with respect to adverse SS potential for these 4 NPs, further confirmatory tests addressing other key events associated with SS adverse outcome pathway need to be carried out to arrive at an acceptable conclusion on the skin safety for both cosmetic and dermal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Maharjan
- Department of Health and Safety, Daegu Catholic University Graduate School, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gautam
- Department of Health and Safety, Daegu Catholic University Graduate School, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - GiYong Lee
- Department of Toxicity Assessment, Daegu Catholic University Graduate School of Medical Health and Science, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - DongYoon Kim
- Department of Toxicity Assessment, Daegu Catholic University Graduate School of Medical Health and Science, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - DaEun Lee
- Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University Graduate School, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Manju Acharya
- Department of Health and Safety, Daegu Catholic University Graduate School, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - HyoungAh Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Heo
- Department of Health and Safety, Daegu Catholic University Graduate School, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Toxicity Assessment, Daegu Catholic University Graduate School of Medical Health and Science, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University Graduate School, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - ChangYul Kim
- Department of Health and Safety, Daegu Catholic University Graduate School, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Toxicity Assessment, Daegu Catholic University Graduate School of Medical Health and Science, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Alavi M, Ashengroph M. Interaction of zincite, alpha-terpineol, geranyl acetate, linalool, myrcenol, terpinolene, and thymol with virulence factors of Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024; 22:253-272. [PMID: 37461145 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2238123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results of a previous study, six metabolites including alpha-terpineol, geranyl acetate, linalool, myrcenol, terpinolene, and thymol showed significantly higher amounts relative to other metabolites. METHODS A continuation of the previous study, the interaction of these metabolites with the main virulence factors of P. aeruginosa (pseudomonas elastase and exotoxin A), Staphylococcus aureus (alpha-hemolysin and protein 2a), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ESX-secreted protein B and the serine/threonine protein kinase), and Escherichia coli (heat-labile enterotoxin and Shiga toxin) were evaluated by molecular docking study and molecular simulation. RESULTS In the case of Shiga toxin, higher and lower binding affinities were related to alpha-terpinolene and zincite with values of -5.8 and -2.6 kcal/mol, respectively. For alpha-hemolysin, terpinolene and alpha-terpinolene demonstrated higher binding affinities with similar energies of -5.9 kcal/mol. Thymol and geranyl acetate showed lower binding energy of -5.7 kcal/mol toward protein 2a. Furthermore, thymol had a higher binding affinity toward heat-labile enterotoxin and ESX-secreted protein B with values of -5.9 and -6.1 kcal/mol, respectively. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that the availability of secondary metabolites of A. haussknechtii surrounding zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs can hinder P. aeruginosa by inactivating Pseudomonas elastase and exotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Alavi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Morahem Ashengroph
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
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Murthy MK, Khandayataray P, Mohanty CS, Pattanayak R. Investigating the toxic mechanism of iron oxide nanoparticles-induced oxidative stress in tadpole (Duttaphrynus melanostictus): A combined biochemical and molecular study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 107:104432. [PMID: 38554986 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Metal oxide nanomaterials have toxicity towards aquatic organisms, especially microbes and invertebrates, but little is known about their impact on amphibians. We conducted a study on Duttaphrynus melanostictus (D. melanostictus) tadpoles to explore the chronic toxicity effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and the underlying mechanisms of IONPs-induced oxidative stress. IONPs exposure led to increased iron accumulation in the blood, liver, and kidneys of tadpoles, significantly affecting blood parameters and morphology. Higher IONPs concentrations (10 and 50 mg L-1) triggered reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and pronounced toxicity in tadpoles. The activity levels of antioxidant enzymes/proteins (SOD, CAT, albumin, and lysozyme) decreased after IONPs exposure, and immunological measures in the blood serum were significantly reduced compared to the control group. Molecular docking analysis revealed that IONPs primarily attached to the surface of SOD/CAT/albumin/lysozyme through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces. Overall, this study emphasizes the ability of IONPs to induce oxidative damage by decreasing immunological profiles such as ACH50 (34.58 ± 2.74 U mL-1), lysozyme (6.94 ± 0.82 U mL-1), total Ig (5.00 ± 0.35 g dL-1), total protein (1.20 ± 0.17 g dL-1), albumin (0.52 ± 0.01 g dL-1) and globulin (0.96 ± 0.01 g dL-1) and sheds light on their potential toxic effects on tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meesala Krishna Murthy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Pratima Khandayataray
- Department of Biotechnology, Academy of Management and Information Technology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752057, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Mohanty
- Plant Genetic Resources and Improvement Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
| | - Rojalin Pattanayak
- Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India.
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Boyadzhiev A, Wu D, Avramescu ML, Williams A, Rasmussen P, Halappanavar S. Toxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Looking through the Lens of Toxicogenomics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:529. [PMID: 38203705 PMCID: PMC10779048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of solubility on the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) requires further exploration to ascertain the impact of the dissolved and particulate species on response. In this study, FE1 mouse lung epithelial cells were exposed for 2-48 h to 4 MONPs of varying solubility: zinc oxide, nickel oxide, aluminum oxide, and titanium dioxide, in addition to microparticle analogues and metal chloride equivalents. Previously published data from FE1 cells exposed for 2-48 h to copper oxide and copper chloride were examined in the context of exposures in the present study. Viability was assessed using Trypan Blue staining and transcriptomic responses via microarray analysis. Results indicate material solubility is not the sole property governing MONP toxicity. Transcriptional signaling through the 'HIF-1α Signaling' pathway describes the response to hypoxia, which also includes genes associated with processes such as oxidative stress and unfolded protein responses and represents a conserved response across all MONPs tested. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in this pathway correlated with apical toxicity, and a panel of the top ten ranked DEGs was constructed (Hmox1, Hspa1a, Hspa1b, Mmp10, Adm, Serpine1, Slc2a1, Egln1, Rasd1, Hk2), highlighting mechanistic differences among tested MONPs. The HIF-1α pathway is proposed as a biomarker of MONP exposure and toxicity that can help prioritize MONPs for further evaluation and guide specific testing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Boyadzhiev
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (A.B.); (D.W.); (M.-L.A.); (A.W.); (P.R.)
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (A.B.); (D.W.); (M.-L.A.); (A.W.); (P.R.)
| | - Mary-Luyza Avramescu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (A.B.); (D.W.); (M.-L.A.); (A.W.); (P.R.)
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (A.B.); (D.W.); (M.-L.A.); (A.W.); (P.R.)
| | - Pat Rasmussen
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (A.B.); (D.W.); (M.-L.A.); (A.W.); (P.R.)
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (A.B.); (D.W.); (M.-L.A.); (A.W.); (P.R.)
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Bhattacharya S, Majumdar Nee Paul S. Application of conventional metallic nanoparticles on male reproductive system - challenges and countermeasures. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2023; 69:32-49. [PMID: 36427189 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2022.2140087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology in the present era has substantial impact on different industrial and medical fields. However, the advancement in nanotechnology for potential therapeutic and consumer benefits has been an anxious cause regarding the probable hazardous consequences of these molecules in biological systems and the environment. The toxic effects can perturb the physiologic system broadly and reproductive function and fertility specifically. Despite engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) having a wide range of applications, toxicological investigations of the probable ramifications of ENMs on the reproductive systems of mammals and fertility remains in its nascence. Complication in the male reproductive system is quite a pertinent issue in today's world which comprises of benign prostatic enlargement, prostate cancer, and unhealthy sperm production. The therapeutic drugs should not only be active in minimum dose but also site-specific in action, criteria being met by nanomedicines. Nanomedicine therapy is promising but encompasses the chances of adverse effects of being cytotoxic and generating oxidative stress. These hurdles can be overcome by creating coated nanoparticles with organic substances, modification of shape and size, and synthesizing biocompatible green nanoparticles. This review attempts to look into the applications of most widely used metals like zinc, titanium, silver, and gold nanoparticles in the therapy of the male reproductive system, their prospective harmful effects, and the way out to create a safe therapeutic system by specific modifications of these metal and metal oxide nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology (Post Graduate Studies), Rishi Bankim Chandra College, West Bengal State University, Naihati, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudipta Majumdar Nee Paul
- Department of Zoology (Post Graduate Studies), Rishi Bankim Chandra College, West Bengal State University, Naihati, West Bengal, India
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Murthy MK, Khandayataray P, Mohanty CS, Pattanayak R. Ecotoxicity risk assessment of copper oxide nanoparticles in Duttaphrynus melanostictus tadpoles. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137754. [PMID: 36608887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, copper oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) have gained considerable importance in ecotoxicology studies. CONP ecotoxicity studies on amphibians are limited, particularly on Duttaphrynus melanostictus (D. melanostictus) tadpoles, and most CONP ecotoxicity studies have shown developmental effects on amphibians. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the ecotoxicity of CONPs in D. melanostictus tadpoles by assessing multi-biomarkers including bioaccumulation, antioxidants, biochemical, haematological, immunological and oxidative stress biomarkers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to characterize the morphology and physicochemical properties of CONPs. After 30 d of the experiment, blood and organs were collected to measure the levels of multiple biomarkers. The dissolution rate of copper ions in exposed media was observed in all studied groups. According to the results, significant (p < 0.05) increase in copper ion bioaccumulation (blood, liver and kidney), oxidative stress and biochemical biomarkers in the blood serum of CONPs exposed tadpoles compared to control tadpoles, which was accompanied by significant variations in morphological and haematological parameters. In contrast to the untreated tadpoles, the CONPs-exposed tadpoles showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) decreases in antioxidants and immunological indices of blood serum. Based on our results, we concluded that the ecotoxicity of CONPs is due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause oxidative stress in tadpoles, resulting in impairments. According to our knowledge, the present study was the first to use a multi-biomarker ecotoxicity approach on D. melanostictus tadpoles that could be used as an ecological bioindicator to assess aquatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meesala Krishna Murthy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Pratima Khandayataray
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Science, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Mohanty
- Plant Genomic Resources and Improvement Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rojalin Pattanayak
- Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India.
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Albizia lebbeck-mediated ZnO phytosynthesis and their non-antimicrobial and biocompatibility studies. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Han JH, Shin HE, Lee J, Kang JM, Park JH, Park CG, Han DK, Kim IH, Park W. Combination of Metal-Phenolic Network-Based Immunoactive Nanoparticles and Bipolar Irreversible Electroporation for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200316. [PMID: 35570584 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To circumvent the limitations of conventional cancer immunotherapy, it is critical to prime antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to initiate the cancer-immune cycle. Here, the authors develop a metal-phenolic network (MPN)-based immunoactive nanoparticle in combination with irreversible electroporation (IRE) for an effective cancer immunotherapy. The MPN nanoparticles are synthesized by coordinating tannic acid with manganese (Mn) ions, and subsequent coating with CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) via hydrogen bonding. The CpG-ODN-coated Mn-phenolic network (CMP) nanoparticles are effectively internalized into macrophages, a type of APCs, and successfully trigger M1 polarization to promote release of proinflammatory cytokines. Notably, the CMP nanoparticles demonstrate an extended retention time period than the free CpG-ODN in the tumor. The tumor microenvironment tailored bipolar IRE, enhances the therapeutic efficacy by significantly broadening the ablation zone, which further increases immunogenic cell death (ICD). Ultimately, the simultaneous CMP nanoparticles and IRE treatment successfully inhibit tumor growth and prolong survival in a mouse tumor model. Thus, CMP nanoparticles are empowered with Mn and CpG-ODN immunomodulators and the tumor microenvironment tailored bipolar IRE will be a new tool for effective cancer immunotherapy to treat intractable malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyeok Han
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Shin
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jeon Min Kang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Park
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
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Won H, Kim SH, Yang JY, Jung K, Jeong J, Oh JH, Lee JH. Colony-Forming Efficiency Assay to Assess Nanotoxicity of Graphene Nanomaterials. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050236. [PMID: 35622649 PMCID: PMC9146674 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nano-market has grown rapidly over the past decades and a wide variety of products are now being manufactured, including those for biomedical applications. Despite the widespread use of nanomaterials in various industries, safety and health effects on humans are still controversial, and testing methods for nanotoxicity have not yet been clearly established. Nanomaterials have been reported to interfere with conventional cytotoxicity tests due to their unique properties, such as light absorption or light scattering. In this regard, the colony-forming efficacy (CFE) assay has been suggested as a suitable test method for testing some nanomaterials without these color-interferences. In this study, we selected two types of GNPs (Graphene nanoplatelets) as test nanomaterials and evaluated CFE assay to assess the cytotoxicity of GNPs. Moreover, for further investigation, including expansion into other cell types, GNPs were evaluated by the conventional cytotoxicity tests including the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and Neutral red uptake (NRU) assay using MDCK, A549 and HepG2 cells. The results of CFE assay suggest that this test method for three cell lines can be applied for GNPs. In addition, the CFE assay was able to evaluate cytotoxicity regardless more accurately of color interference caused by residual nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin-Hee Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-719-5106; Fax: +82-43-719-5100
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Chen J, Cao G, Li L, Cai Q, Dunne N, Li X. Modification of polyether ether ketone for the repairing of bone defects. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35395651 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac65cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone damage as a consequence of disease or trauma is a common global occurrence. For bone damage treatment - bone implant materials are necessary across three classifications of surgical intervention (i.e. fixation, repair, and replacement). Many types of bone implant materials have been developed to meet the requirements of bone repair. Among them, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been considered as one of the next generation of bone implant materials, owing to its advantages related to good biocompatibility, chemical stability, X-ray permeability, elastic modulus comparable to natural bone, as well as the ease of processing and modification. However, as PEEK is a naturally bioinert material, some modification is needed to improve its integration with adjacent bones after implantation. Therefore, it has become a very hot topic of biomaterials research and various strategies for the modification of PEEK including blending, 3D printing, coating, chemical modification and the introduction of bioactive and/or antibacterial substances have been proposed. In this systematic review, the recent advances in modification of PEEK and its application prospect as bone implants are summarized, and the remaining challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
| | - Guangxiu Cao
- Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
| | - Linhao Li
- Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
| | - Qiang Cai
- Tsinghua University Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 30 shuangqing Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100084, CHINA
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Dublin, D09, IRELAND
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
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A New Look at the Effects of Engineered ZnO and TiO2 Nanoparticles: Evidence from Transcriptomics Studies. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081247. [PMID: 35457956 PMCID: PMC9031840 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted a great deal of attention due to their excellent electrical, optical, whitening, UV-adsorbing and bactericidal properties. The extensive production and utilization of these NPs increases their chances of being released into the environment and conferring unintended biological effects upon exposure. With the increasingly prevalent use of the omics technique, new data are burgeoning which provide a global view on the overall changes induced by exposures to NPs. In this review, we provide an account of the biological effects of ZnO and TiO2 NPs arising from transcriptomics in in vivo and in vitro studies. In addition to studies on humans and mice, we also describe findings on ecotoxicology-related species, such as Danio rerio (zebrafish), Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode) or Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress). Based on evidence from transcriptomics studies, we discuss particle-induced biological effects, including cytotoxicity, developmental alterations and immune responses, that are dependent on both material-intrinsic and acquired/transformed properties. This review seeks to provide a holistic insight into the global changes induced by ZnO and TiO2 NPs pertinent to human and ecotoxicology.
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Murthy MK, Mohanty CS, Swain P, Pattanayak R. Assessment of toxicity in the freshwater tadpole Polypedates maculatus exposed to silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles: A multi-biomarker approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133511. [PMID: 34995626 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs), especially silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), are widely used in various industrial applications and are released into the surrounding environment through industrial and household wastewater. They have enormous toxic effects on aquatic animals and amphibians. In the current study, a multi-biomarker approach was used to assess toxicity on Polypedates maculatus (P. maculatus) tadpoles collected from a freshwater pond and exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Ag-NPs (1, 5 and 10 mg L-1) and ZnO-NPs (1, 10 and 50 mg L-1). A significant bioaccumulation of silver (Ag) and Zinc (Zn) was observed in the blood, liver, kidney and bones in comparison to control tadpoles. Blood parameters (Red blood cells (RBC), Hematocrit (Htc), White blood cells (WBC), monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils), immunological markers (ACH50, lysozyme, total Ig, total protein, albumin, and globulin), biochemical markers (glucose, cortisol, cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine transaminase (ALT), asparatate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea and creatinine) and the oxidative stress marker (LPO) of serum were increased significantly (p < 0.05) in Ag/ZnO-NPs exposed groups when compared to the control groups. The levels of mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) in the ZnO NP-exposed groups were significantly different from those in the control group. Antioxidant (SOD and CAT) levels were significantly declined in the treatment groups. Based on the results, Ag/ZnO-NPs are toxic to aquatic organisms and amphibians at sub-lethal concentrations. The species P. maculatus can be used as a bioindicator for the nanomaterial (NM) contamination of freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meesala Krishna Murthy
- Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Mohanty
- Plant Genomic Resources and Improvement Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyabrata Swain
- Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Rojalin Pattanayak
- Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India.
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13
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Characterization of chikusetsusaponin IV and V induced apoptosis in HepG2 cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4247-4255. [PMID: 35212926 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikusetsusaponin IV and V (CsIV and CsV), two typical oleanolic acid saponins, are mainly derived from the rhizome of Panax japonicus C.A. Mey. To reveal the anti-cancer effect of CsIV and CsV on liver cancer cells, human hepatic cancer cell lines (HepG2) were exposed to these saponins, and various physiological responses of HepG2 were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS HepG2 cells were treated with CsIV, CsV and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay. The cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis and intracellular Ca2+ levels were respectively identified by flow cytometry. The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by fluorescence microscopy. And, the levels of apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed by western blotting. Both CsIV and CsV were demonstrated to inhibit cell viability, and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of HepG2 in a dose-dependent manner. They also enhanced the intracellular Ca2+ level and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, p53 and p21 were found up-regulated in HepG2 cells treated by CsIV and CsV. The apoptotic proteins, bax, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3/-9, were all found activated in HepG2 cells after CsIV and CsV treatment. The anti-apoptotic protein, bcl-2, was significantly down-regulated in all treated HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that CsIV and CsV exerted significant cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells without affecting normal liver cells. And, these chikusetsusaponins, especially for CsIV, showed a potent effect on promoting cell apoptosis in HepG2 cells, which was associated with the activation of p53-mediated apoptosis pathway.
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Gharpure S, Yadwade R, Chakraborty B, Makar R, Chavhan P, Kamble S, Pawar P, Ankamwar B. Bioactive properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using Cocos nucifera leaves. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:45. [PMID: 35111560 PMCID: PMC8761787 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles has been reported using Cocos nucifera leaf (CNL) extract along with estimation of their antimicrobial potential before and after calcination using different micro-organisms. UV-visible spectra of ZnO nanoparticles showed absorption maxima at 383 nm and 363 nm, respectively, with 3.237 eV and 3.416 eV, respectively, as the corresponding band gap energies. FESEM and TEM images showed spherical morphologies of ZnO nanoparticles within the size range 109-215 nm. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structures. ATR-IR spectra revealed the presence of stretching vibrations of N-H, O-H, C=C, C=O and NH2 groups along with C-H and N-H deformation involving biomolecules from CNL extract responsible for reduction and stabilization of ZnO nanoparticles. Uncalcinated ZnO nanoparticles displayed antibacterial activities only against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa whereas calcinated ZnO nanoparticles did not show antibacterial activities against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis. ZnO nanoparticles were not active against Penicillium spp., Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizoctonia solani as well as HCT-116 cancer cells before as well as after calcination. Antimicrobial nature and biocompatibility of ZnO nanoparticles were influenced by different parameters of the nanoparticles along with micro-organisms and the human cells. Non-antimicrobial properties of ZnO nanoparticles can be treated as a pre-requisite for its biocompatibility due to its inert nature. These ZnO nanoparticles can serve a dual purpose by facilitating use as antibacterial agent against susceptible micro-organisms as well as a biocompatible carrier molecule in drug delivery applications. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03110-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saee Gharpure
- Bio-Inspired Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 India
| | - Rachana Yadwade
- Bio-Inspired Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 India
| | - Barnika Chakraborty
- Bio-Inspired Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 India
| | - Rajani Makar
- Bio-Inspired Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 India
| | - Pallavi Chavhan
- Bio-Inspired Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 India
| | - Shweta Kamble
- Bio-Inspired Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 India
| | - Prarthana Pawar
- Bio-Inspired Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 India
| | - Balaprasad Ankamwar
- Bio-Inspired Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 India
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Nejati M, Rostami M, Mirzaei H, Rahimi-Nasrabadi M, Vosoughifar M, Nasab AS, Ganjali MR. Green methods for the preparation of MgO nanomaterials and their drug delivery, anti-cancer and anti-bacterial potentials: A review. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Gharpure S, Yadwade R, Ankamwar B. Non-antimicrobial and Non-anticancer Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Different Plant Parts of Bixa orellana. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1914-1933. [PMID: 35071882 PMCID: PMC8771956 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As traditional cancer therapy is toxic to both normal and cancer cells, there is a need for newer approaches to specifically target cancer cells. ZnO nanoparticles can be promising due their biocompatible nature. However, ZnO nanoparticles have also shown cytotoxicity against mammalian cells in some cases, because of which there is a need for newer synthesis approaches for biocompatible ZnO nanoparticles to be used as carrier molecules in drug delivery applications. Here, we report the biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using different plant parts (leaf, seed, and seed coat) of Bixa orellana followed by different characterizations. The UV-visible spectra of ZnO showed absorption maxima at 341 and 353 nm, 378 and 373 nm, and 327 and 337 nm, respectively, before and after calcination corresponding to the band gap energy of 3.636 and 3.513 eV, 3.280 and 3.324 eV, and 3.792 and 3.679 eV for L-ZnO, S-ZnO, and Sc-ZnO, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structures. Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectra revealed the presence of stretching vibrations of C-C, C=C, C=O, and NH3 + groups along with C-H deformation involving biomolecules from extracts responsible for reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed spherical and almond-like morphologies of L-ZnO and Sc-ZnO with spherical morphologies, whereas S-ZnO showed almond-like morphologies. The presence of antibacterial activity was observed in L-ZnO against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, in S-ZnO nanoparticles only against Escherichia coli, and in Sc-ZnO only against Staphylococcus aureus. Uncalcinated ZnO nanoparticles showed weak antibacterial activities, whereas calcinated ZnO nanoparticles showed a non-antibacterial nature. The antifungal activity against different fungi (Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani) and cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cancer cells were not observed before and after calcination in all three ZnO nanoparticles. The antimicrobial nature and biocompatibility of ZnO nanoparticles were influenced by different parameters of the nanoparticles along with microorganisms and the human cells. Non-antimicrobial properties of ZnO nanoparticles can be treated as a pre-requisite for its biocompatibility due to its inert nature. Thus, biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles showed a nontoxic nature, which can be exploited as promising alternatives in biomedical applications.
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17
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Lee SH, Won H, Kim SH, Jeon S, Jeong J, Lee DK, Yang JY, Seok JH, Jung K, Oh JH, Lee JH, Cho WS. Six-well plate-based colony-forming efficacy assay and Co-Culture application to assess toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 128:105085. [PMID: 34800565 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of a universal, label-free, and reliable in vitro toxicity testing method for nanoparticles is urgent because most nanoparticles can interfere with toxicity assays. In this regard, the colony-forming efficacy (CFE) assay has been suggested as a suitable in vitro toxicity assay for testing nanoparticles without such interference. Recently, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) developed a 60 × 15 mm Petri dish-based CFE assay for testing nanoparticles in MDCK-1 cells. However, further investigations are needed, including testing with other cell types, at a smaller scale for greater efficiency, and the application of the co-culture technique. In this study, we selected TiO2, CuO, CeO2, and SiO2 as test nanoparticles and successfully developed a 6-well plate-based CFE assay using HepG2 and A549 cells and a co-culture assay for combinations of HepG2 cells and THP-1 macrophages or A549 cells and THP-1 monocytes. The results suggest that the 6-wellplate-based CFE assay for HepG2 and A549 cells can be applied to nanoparticles, but the co-culture CFE assay has limitations in that it is not different from the single culture study, and it inhibits colony-formation by A549 cells in the presence of macrophages; this warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Han Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Won
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Jeong
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Yang
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeun Seok
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Kikyung Jung
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Oh
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Lee
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Kim J, Maruthupandy M, An KS, Lee KH, Jeon S, Kim JS, Cho WS. Acute and subacute repeated oral toxicity study of fragmented microplastics in Sprague-Dawley rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112964. [PMID: 34773844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) is the second most highly produced plastic worldwide, and its microplastic forms are found in water and food matrices. However, the effects of PP microplastics on human health remain largely unknown. Here, we prepared 85.2 µm-sized weathered PP (w-PP) microplastics by sieving the microplastic particles after fragmentation and accelerated weathering processes. The prepared particles are irregular in shape and no chemical additives including phthalates and bisphenol A were not released in simulated body fluids. Then, the w-PP samples were gavaged to rats for acute and subacute toxicity testing in accordance to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guidelines under good laboratory practice regulations. The highest dose for gavaging to rats was 25 mg/kg bw/day, which was the maximum feasible dose based on the dispersibility of microplastics. Both toxicity testings for w-PP microplastics showed no adverse effects and mutagenicity. Thus, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of w-PP microplastics is higher than 25 mg/kg bw/day. Furthermore, the w-PP microplastics did not show any skin or eye irritation potentials in the 3-dimensional reconstructed human skin or corneal culture model. The dose of 25 mg/kg of w-PP microplastics is roughly equal to 2.82 × 105 particles/kg, which suggests that human exposure to w-PP microplastics in a real-life situation may not have any adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsik Kim
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthuchamy Maruthupandy
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Sup An
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hun Lee
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center (PRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56216, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Xiao Y, Tang W, Peijnenburg WJGM. Particle-Specific Toxicity of Copper Nanoparticles to Soybean (Glycine max L.): Effects of Nanoparticle Concentration and Natural Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2825-2835. [PMID: 34289521 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For the soluble metallic nanoparticles (NPs), which forms (particles [NP(particle) ] vs. dissolved ions [NP(ion) ]) are the main cause of toxicity of the NP suspension (NP(total) ) remains uncertain. In the present study, soybean was exposed to Cu NPs in a hydroponic system to determine how natural organic matter (NOM; 10 mg/l) and concentration of Cu NP(total) (2-50 mg/l) affect the relative contributions of Cu NP(particle) and Cu NP(ion) to the overall toxicity. We found that NOM mitigated the phytotoxicity of Cu NP(particle) more significantly than that of Cu salt. When no NOM was added, Cu NP(particle) rather than Cu NP(ion) was the main contributor to the observed toxicity regardless of the concentration of Cu NP(total) . However, NOM tended to reduce the relative contribution of Cu NP(particle) to the toxicity of Cu NP(total) . Especially at a low concentration of Cu NP(total) (2 mg/l), the toxicity of Cu NP(total) mainly resulted from Cu NP(ion) in the presence of NOM (accounting for ≥70% of the overall toxicity). This might be attributable to the combined effects of increased dissolution of Cu NPs and steric-electrostatic hindrance between Cu NP(particle) and the soybean roots caused by NOM. Fulvic acids (FAs) tended to reduce the role of Cu NP(particle) in the overall toxicity more effectively than humic acids (HAs), which might partially be due to the higher extent of Cu NP dissolution on FA treatment than in HA treatment. Our results suggest that because of the relatively low metallic NP concentration and the presence of NOM in natural water, NP(ion) are likely problematic, which can inform management and mitigation actions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2825-2835. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlong Xiao
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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20
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Kim SH, Lee DH, Choi S, Yang JY, Jung K, Jeong J, Oh JH, Lee JH. Skin Sensitization Potential and Cellular ROS-Induced Cytotoxicity of Silica Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082140. [PMID: 34443968 PMCID: PMC8399877 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, various industries using nanomaterials are growing rapidly, and in particular, as the commercialization and use of nanomaterials increase in the cosmetic field, the possibility of exposure of nanomaterials to the skin of product producers and consumers is increasing. Due to the unique properties of nanomaterials with a very small size, they can act as hapten and induce immune responses and skin sensitization, so accurate identification of toxicity is required. Therefore, we selected silica nanomaterials used in various fields such as cosmetics and biomaterials and evaluated the skin sensitization potential step-by-step according to in-vitro and in-vivo alternative test methods. KeratinoSensTM cells of modified keratinocyte and THP-1 cells mimicking dendritic-cells were treated with silica nanoparticles, and their potential for skin sensitization and cytotoxicity were evaluated, respectively. We also confirmed the sensitizing ability of silica nanoparticles in the auricle-lymph nodes of BALB/C mice by in-vivo analysis. As a result, silica nanoparticles showed high protein binding and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated cytotoxicity, but no significant observation of skin sensitization indicators was observed. Although more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of skin sensitization by nanomaterials, the results of this study showed that silica nanoparticles did not induce skin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Kim
- Correspondence: (S.-H.K.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +82-43-719-5110 (S.-H.K.); +82-43-719-5106 (J.H.L.); Fax.: +82-43-719-5100 (S.-H.K. & J.H.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Hee Lee
- Correspondence: (S.-H.K.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +82-43-719-5110 (S.-H.K.); +82-43-719-5106 (J.H.L.); Fax.: +82-43-719-5100 (S.-H.K. & J.H.L.)
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21
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Gautam R, Yang S, Maharjan A, Jo J, Acharya M, Heo Y, Kim C. Prediction of Skin Sensitization Potential of Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Through the Human Cell Line Activation Test. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2021; 3:649666. [PMID: 35295130 PMCID: PMC8915822 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.649666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of nanotechnology has propagated the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in various fields including industry, agriculture, engineering, cosmetics, or medicine. The use of nanoparticles in cosmetics and dermal-based products is increasing owing to their higher surface area and unique physiochemical properties. Silver (Ag) NPs' excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial property and zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs' ability to confer better ultraviolet (UV) protection has led to their maximal use in cosmetics and dermal products. While the consideration for use of nanoparticles is increasing, concerns have been raised regarding their potential negative impacts. Although used in various dermal products, Ag and ZnO NPs' skin sensitization (SS) potential has not been well-investigated using in vitro alternative test methods. The human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT) that evaluates the ability of chemicals to upregulate the expression of CD86 and CD54 in THP-1 cell line was used to assess the skin sensitizing potential of these NPs. The h-CLAT assay was conducted following OECD TG 442E. NPs inducing relative fluorescence intensity of CD86 ≥ 150% and/or CD54 ≥ 200% in at least two out of three independent runs were predicted to be positive. Thus, Ag (20, 50, and 80 nm) NPs and ZnO NPs were all predicted to be positive in terms of SS possibility using the h-CLAT prediction model. Although further confirmatory tests addressing other key events (KEs) of SS adverse outcome pathway (AOP) should be carried out, this study gave an insight into the need for cautious use of Ag and ZnO NPs based skincare or dermal products owing to their probable skin sensitizing potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gautam
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - SuJeong Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Anju Maharjan
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - JiHun Jo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Manju Acharya
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Yong Heo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Department of Toxicity Assessment, The Graduate School of Medical and Health Industry, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - ChangYul Kim
- Department of Toxicity Assessment, The Graduate School of Medical and Health Industry, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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22
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Lammel T, Thit A, Cui X, Mouneyrac C, Baun A, Valsami-Jones E, Sturve J, Selck H. Dietary uptake and effects of copper in Sticklebacks at environmentally relevant exposures utilizing stable isotope-labeled 65CuCl 2 and 65CuO NPs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143779. [PMID: 33279190 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) accumulating in sediment can be taken up by invertebrates that serve as prey for fish. Thus, it is likely that the latter are exposed to CuO NPs via the gut. However, to this day it is unknown if CuO NPs can be taken up via the gastrointestinal tract and if and in which tissues/organs they accumulate. To address this knowledge gap, we synthesized CuO NPs enriched in the stable isotope 65Cu and incorporated them at low concentration (5 μg 65Cu g-1 ww food) into a practical diet prepared from worm homogenate, which was then fed to Three-spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) for 16 days. For comparison, fish were exposed to a diet spiked with a 65CuCl2 solution. Background Cu and newly taken up 65Cu in fish tissues/organs including gill, stomach, intestine, liver, spleen, gonad and carcass and feces were quantified by ICP-MS. In addition, expression levels of genes encoding for proteins related to Cu uptake, detoxification and toxicity (ctr-1, gcl, gr, gpx, sod-1, cat, mta and zo-1) were measured in selected tissues using RT-qPCR. The obtained results showed that feces of fish fed 65CuO NP-spiked diet contained important amounts of 65Cu. Furthermore, there was no significant accumulation of 65Cu in any of the analyzed internal organs, though 65Cu levels were slightly elevated in liver. No significant modulation in gene expression was measured in fish exposed to 65CuO NP-spiked diet, except for metallothionein, which was significantly upregulated in intestinal tissue compared to control fish. Altogether, our results suggests that dietary absorption efficiency of CuO NPs, their uptake across the gastrointestinal barrier into the organism, and effects on Cu-related genes is limited at low, environmentally relevant exposure doses (0.2 μg 65Cu -1 fish ww day-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lammel
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Amalie Thit
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark
| | - Xianjin Cui
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henriette Selck
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark
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Kim SH, Lee JH, Jung K, Yang JY, Shin HS, Lee JP, Jeong J, Oh JH, Lee JK. Copper and Cobalt Ions Released from Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Trigger Skin Sensitization. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:627781. [PMID: 33679407 PMCID: PMC7933575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skins are exposed to nanomaterials in everyday life from various sources such as nanomaterial-containing cosmetics, air pollutions, and industrial nanomaterials. Nanomaterials comprising metal haptens raises concerns about the skin sensitization to nanomaterials. In this study, we evaluated the skin sensitization of nanomaterials comparing metal haptens in vivo and in vitro. We selected five metal oxide NPs, containing copper oxide, cobalt monoxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, or titanium oxide, and two types of metal chlorides (CoCl2 and CuCl2), to compare the skin sensitization abilities between NPs and the constituent metals. The materials were applied to KeratinoSensTM cells for imitated skin-environment setting, and luciferase induction and cytotoxicity were evaluated at 48 h post-incubation. In addition, the response of metal oxide NPs was confirmed in lymph node of BALB/C mice via an in vivo method. The results showed that CuO and CoO NPs induce a similar pattern of positive luciferase induction and cytotoxicity compared to the respective metal chlorides; Co3O4, NiO, and TiO2 induced no such response. Collectively, the results implied fast-dissolving metal oxide (CuO and CoO) NPs release their metal ion, inducing skin sensitization. However, further investigations are required to elucidate the mechanism underlying NP-induced skin sensitization. Based on ion chelation data, metal ion release was confirmed as the major “factor” for skin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Kim
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Lee
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, South Korea
| | - Kikyung Jung
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, South Korea
| | - Jun-Young Yang
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Sook Shin
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, South Korea
| | - Jeong Pyo Lee
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, South Korea
| | - Jayoung Jeong
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Oh
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, South Korea
| | - Jong Kwon Lee
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, South Korea
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Boyadzhiev A, Avramescu ML, Wu D, Williams A, Rasmussen P, Halappanavar S. Impact of copper oxide particle dissolution on lung epithelial cell toxicity: response characterization using global transcriptional analysis. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:380-399. [PMID: 33507836 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1872114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) is attributed to both particle and dissolved copper ion species. However, a clear understanding of (1) the specific cellular responses that are modulated by the two species and (2) the temporal dynamics in toxicity, as the proportional amount of particulate and ionic forms change over time, is lacking. In the current study, in vitro responses to microparticulate CuO (CuO MPs), CuO NPs, and dissolved Cu2+ were characterized in order to elucidate particle and ion-induced kinetic effects. Particle dissolution experiments were carried out in a relevant cell culture medium, using CuO NPs and MPs. Mouse lung epithelial cells were exposed for 2-48 h with 1-25 µg/mL CuO MPs, CuO NPs, or 7 and 54 µg/mL CuCl2. Cellular viability and genome-wide transcriptional responses were assessed. Dose and time-dependent cytotoxicity were observed in CuO NP exposed cells, which was delayed and subtle in CuCl2 and not observed in CuO MPs treated cells. Analyses of differentially expressed genes and associated pathway perturbations showed that dissolved ions released by CuO NPs in the extracellular medium are insufficient to account for the observed potency and cytotoxicity. Further organization of gene expression results in an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework revealed a series of key events potentially involved in CuO NPs toxicity. The AOP is applicable to toxicity induced by metal oxide nanoparticles of varying solubility, and thus, can facilitate the development of in vitro alternative strategies to screen their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Boyadzhiev
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Dongmei Wu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Pat Rasmussen
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Kim YJ, Lee J, Im GB, Song J, Song J, Chung J, Yu T, Bhang SH. Dual Ion Releasing Nanoparticles for Modulating Osteogenic Cellular Microenvironment of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:412. [PMID: 33467673 PMCID: PMC7830414 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study we developed a dual therapeutic metal ion-releasing nanoparticle for advanced osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. In order to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and induce angiogenesis, zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) were synthesized together into a nanoparticle with a pH-sensitive degradation property. Zn and Fe were loaded within the nanoparticles to promote early osteogenic gene expression and to induce angiogenic paracrine factor secretion for hMSCs. In vitro studies revealed that treating an optimized concentration of our zinc-based iron oxide nanoparticles to hMSCs delivered Zn and Fe ion in a controlled release manner and supported osteogenic gene expression (RUNX2 and alkaline phosphatase) with improved vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. Simultaneous intracellular release of Zn and Fe ions through the endocytosis of the nanoparticles further modulated the mild reactive oxygen species generation level in hMSCs without cytotoxicity and thus improved the osteogenic capacity of the stem cells. Current results suggest that our dual ion releasing nanoparticles might provide a promising platform for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (G.-B.I.); (J.S.)
| | - Jaeyoung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 17104, Korea; (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Gwang-Bum Im
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (G.-B.I.); (J.S.)
| | - Jihun Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (G.-B.I.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiwoo Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 17104, Korea; (J.L.); (J.S.)
- BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 17104, Korea
| | - Jiyong Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 17104, Korea; (J.L.); (J.S.)
- BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 17104, Korea
| | - Taekyung Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 17104, Korea; (J.L.); (J.S.)
- BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 17104, Korea
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (G.-B.I.); (J.S.)
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Kim SH, Lee D, Lee J, Yang JY, Seok J, Jung K, Lee J. Evaluation of the skin sensitization potential of metal oxide nanoparticles using the ARE-Nrf2 Luciferase KeratinoSens TM assay. Toxicol Res 2021; 37:277-284. [PMID: 33868983 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported the potential of chemicals for inducing skin sensitization; however, few studies have examined skin sensitization induced by nanomaterials. This study aimed to evaluate skin sensitization induced by metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) using the ARE-Nrf2 Luciferase KeratinoSens™ assay. Seven different metal oxide NPs, including copper oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide, and zinc oxide, were assessed on KeratinoSens™ cells. We selected an appropriate vehicle among three vehicles (DMSO, DW, and culture medium) by assessing the hydrodynamic size at vehicle selection process. Seven metal oxide NPs were analyzed, and their physicochemical properties, including hydrodynamic size, polydispersity, and zeta potential, were determined in the selected vehicle. Thereafter, we assessed the sensitization potential of the NPs using the ARE-Nrf2 Luciferase KeratinoSens™ assay. Copper oxide NPs induced a positive response, whereas cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide, and zinc oxide NPs induced no response. These results suggest that the ARE-Nrf2 Luciferase KeratinoSens™ assay may be useful for evaluating the potential for skin sensitization induced by metal oxide NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Kim
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Korea
| | - DongHan Lee
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Korea
| | - JinHee Lee
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Yang
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Korea
| | - JiHyun Seok
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Korea
| | - Kikyung Jung
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Korea
| | - JongKwon Lee
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Korea
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Kim SH, Lee DH, Lee JH, Yang JY, Shin HS, Lee J, Jung K, Jeong J, Oh JH, Lee JK. Evaluation of the Skin Sensitization Potential of Carbon Nanotubes Using Alternative In Vitro and In Vivo Assays. TOXICS 2020; 8:E122. [PMID: 33339241 PMCID: PMC7767201 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the major types of nanomaterials that have various industrial and biomedical applications. However, there is a risk of accidental exposure to CNTs in individuals involved in their large-scale production and in individuals who use products containing CNTs. This study aimed to evaluate the skin sensitization induced by CNTs using two alternative tests. We selected single-wall carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for this study. First, the physiochemical properties of the CNTs were measured, including the morphology, size, and zeta potential, under various conditions. Thereafter, we assessed the sensitization potential of the CNTs using the ARE-Nrf2 Luciferase KeratinoSens™ assay, an in vitro alternative test method. In addition, the CNTs were evaluated for their skin sensitization potential using the LLNA: BrdU-FCM in vivo alternative test method. In this study, we report for the first time the sensitization results of CNTs using the KeratinoSens™ and LLNA: BrdU-FCM test methods in this study. This study found that both CNTs do not induce skin sensitization. These results suggest that the KeratinoSens™ and LLNA: BrdU-FCM assay may be useful as alternative assays for evaluating the potential of some nanomaterials that can induce skin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Kim
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea; (D.H.L.); (J.H.L.); (J.-Y.Y.); (H.-S.S.); (J.L.); (K.J.); (J.J.); (J.-H.O.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jong Kwon Lee
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea; (D.H.L.); (J.H.L.); (J.-Y.Y.); (H.-S.S.); (J.L.); (K.J.); (J.J.); (J.-H.O.)
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Joshi A, Naatz H, Faber K, Pokhrel S, Dringen R. Iron-Doping of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Lowers Their Toxic Potential on C6 Glioma Cells. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:809-824. [PMID: 31997104 PMCID: PMC7078150 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are well known for their cytotoxicity which in part has been attributed to the release of copper ions from CuO-NPs. As iron-doping has been reported to reduce the susceptibility of CuO-NPs to dissolution, we have compared pure CuO-NPs and CuO-NPs that had been doped with 10% iron (CuO-Fe-NPs) for copper release and for their toxic potential on C6 glioma cells. Physicochemical characterization revealed that dimercaptosuccinate (DMSA)-coated CuO-NPs and CuO-Fe-NPs did not differ in their size or zeta potential. However, the redox activity and liberation of copper ions from CuO-Fe-NPs was substantially slower compared to that from CuO-NPs, as demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry and by the photometric quantification of the copper ion-bathocuproine complex, respectively. Exposure of C6 cells to these NPs caused an almost identical cellular copper accumulation and each of the two types of NPs induced ROS production and cell toxicity. However, the time- and concentration-dependent loss in cell viability was more severe for cells that had been treated with CuO-NPs compared to cells exposed to CuO-Fe-NPs. Copper accumulation and toxicity after exposure to either CuO-NPs or CuO-Fe-NPs was prevented in the presence of copper chelators, while neutralization of the lysosomal pH by bafilomycin A1 prevented toxicity without affecting cellular copper accumulation or ROS production. These data demonstrate that iron-doping does not affect cellular accumulation of CuO-NPs and suggests that the intracellular liberation of copper ions from CuO-NPs is slowed by the iron doping, which in turn lowers the cell toxic potential of iron-doped CuO-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Joshi
- Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, PO. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, Leobener Strasse 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Naatz
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Faber
- Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, PO. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, Leobener Strasse 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dringen
- Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, PO. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, Leobener Strasse 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
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Kim S, Gates B, Leonard BC, Gragg M, Pinkerton KE, Winkle LV, Murphy CJ, Pyrgiotakis G, Zhang Z, Demokritou P, Thomasy SM. Engineered metal oxide nanomaterials inhibit corneal epithelial wound healing in vitro and in vivo. NANOIMPACT 2020; 17:100198. [PMID: 32154443 PMCID: PMC7062360 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2019.100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ocular exposure to metal oxide engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is common as exemplified by zinc oxide (ZnO), a major constituent of sunscreens and cosmetics. The ocular surface that includes the transparent cornea and its protective tear film are common sites of exposure for metal ENMs. Despite the frequency of exposure of the ocular surface, there is a knowledge gap regarding the effects of metal oxide ENMs on the cornea in health and disease. Therefore, we studied the effects of metal oxide ENMs on the cornea in the presence or absence of injury. Cell viability of immortalized human corneal epithelial (hTCEpi) cells was assessed following treatment with 11 metal oxide ENMs with a concentration ranging from 0.5 to 250 μg/mL for 24 hours. An epithelial wound healing assay with a monolayer of hTCEpi cells was then performed using 11 metal oxide ENMs at select concentrations based on data from the viability assays. Subsequently, based on the in vitro results, in vivo testing of precorneal tear film (PTF) quantity and stability as well as a corneal epithelial wound healing were tested in the presence or absence ZnO or vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. We found that WO3, ZnO, V2O5 and CuO ENMs significantly reduced hTCEpi cell viability in comparison to vehicle control or the other metal oxide ENMs tested. Furthermore, ZnO and V2O5 ENMs also significantly decreased hTCEpi cell migration. Although ZnO and V2O5 did not alter PTF parameters of rabbits in vivo, corneal epithelial wound healing was significantly delayed by topical ZnO while V2O5 did not alter wound healing. Finally, hyperspectral images confirmed penetration of ZnO and V2O5 through all corneal layers and into the iris stroma. Considering the marked epithelial toxicity and corneal penetration of ZnO, further investigations on the impact of this ENM on the eye are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Kim
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Brooke Gates
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Brian C. Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Megan Gragg
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Laura Van Winkle
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Georgios Pyrgiotakis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public School, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Zhang
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public School, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public School, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Corresponding author: Tel: +1 530 752 0926, Fax: +1 530 752 3708,
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Masri A, Anwar A, Khan NA, Siddiqui R. The Use of Nanomedicine for Targeted Therapy against Bacterial Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:E260. [PMID: 31835647 PMCID: PMC6963790 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistance combined with limited success in the discovery of newer and effective antimicrobial chemotherapeutics poses a significant challenge to human and animal health. Nanoparticles may be an approach for effective drug development and delivery against infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria. Here we discuss nanoparticles therapeutics and nano-drug delivery against bacterial infections. The therapeutic efficacy of numerous kinds of nanoparticles including nanoantibiotics conjugates, small molecules capped nanoparticles, polymers stabilized nanoparticles, and biomolecules functionalized nanoparticles has been discussed. Moreover, nanoparticles-based drug delivery systems against bacterial infections have been described. Furthermore, the fundamental limitation of biocompatibility and biosafety of nanoparticles is also conferred. Finally, we propose potential future strategies of nanomaterials as antibacterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkader Masri
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (A.M.)
| | - Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (A.M.)
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, UAE
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, UAE
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Dukhinova MS, Prilepskii AY, Shtil AA, Vinogradov VV. Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Therapeutic Regulation of Macrophage Functions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1631. [PMID: 31744137 PMCID: PMC6915518 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are components of the innate immune system that control a plethora of biological processes. Macrophages can be activated towards pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes depending on the cue; however, polarization may be altered in bacterial and viral infections, cancer, or autoimmune diseases. Metal (zinc, iron, titanium, copper, etc.) oxide nanoparticles are widely used in therapeutic applications as drugs, nanocarriers, and diagnostic tools. Macrophages can recognize and engulf nanoparticles, while the influence of macrophage-nanoparticle interaction on cell polarization remains unclear. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms that drive macrophage activation phenotypes and functions upon interaction with nanoparticles in an inflammatory microenvironment. The manifold effects of metal oxide nanoparticles on macrophages depend on the type of metal and the route of synthesis. While largely considered as drug transporters, metal oxide nanoparticles nevertheless have an immunotherapeutic potential, as they can evoke pro- or anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages and become essential for macrophage profiling in cancer, wound healing, infections, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina S. Dukhinova
- ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russia; (M.S.D.); (A.Y.P.); (A.A.S.)
| | | | - Alexander A. Shtil
- ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russia; (M.S.D.); (A.Y.P.); (A.A.S.)
- Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia
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Joshi A, Thiel K, Jog K, Dringen R. Uptake of Intact Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Causes Acute Toxicity in Cultured Glial Cells. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2156-2169. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kononenko V, Warheit DB, Drobne D. Grouping of Poorly Soluble Low (Cyto)Toxic Particles: Example with 15 Selected Nanoparticles and A549 Human Lung Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9050704. [PMID: 31064102 PMCID: PMC6566622 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Poorly soluble, low (cyto)toxic particles (PSLTs) are often regarded as one group, but it is important that these particles can be further differentiated based on their bioactivity. Currently, there are no biological endpoint based groupings for inhaled nanoparticles (NPs) that would allow us to subgroup PSLTs based on their mode of action. The aim of this study was to group NPs based on their cytotoxicity and by using the in vitro response of the endo-lysosomal system as a biological endpoint. The endo-lysosomal system is a main cellular loading site for NPs. An impaired endo-lysosomal system in alveolar type II cells may have serious adverse effects on the maintenance of pulmonary surfactant homeostasis. The 15 different NPs were tested with human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. The highly soluble NPs were most cytotoxic. With respect to PSLTs, only three NPs increased the cellular load of acid and phospholipid rich organelles indicating particle biopersistence. All the rest PSLTs could be regarded as low hazardous. The presented in vitro test system could serve as a fast screening tool to group particles according to their ability to interfere with lung surfactant metabolism. We discuss the applicability of the suggested test system for bringing together substances with similar modes-of-action on lung epithelium. In addition, we discuss this approach as a benchmark test for the comparative assessment of biopersistence of PSLTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veno Kononenko
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Han Y, Lee DK, Kim SH, Lee S, Jeon S, Cho WS. High inflammogenic potential of rare earth oxide nanoparticles: the New Hazardous Entity. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:712-728. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1472311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngju Han
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Keon Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghan Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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