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Karastergiou A, Gancel AL, Jourdes M, Teissedre PL. Valorization of Grape Pomace: A Review of Phenolic Composition, Bioactivity, and Therapeutic Potential. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1131. [PMID: 39334790 PMCID: PMC11428247 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera L., commonly known as grapes, is one of the most widely cultivated crops worldwide, with over 80% used for wine production. However, the winemaking process generates substantial residues, including grape pomace (GP), wine lees, and wastewater, which can pose significant environmental and economic challenges. Among these, GP stands out not only as a waste product but also as a rich source of polyphenols-bioactive compounds with recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent advancements have expanded the application of GP-derived extracts, particularly in the health and food industries, due to their potent bioactive properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the valorization of GP, focusing on its phenolic composition and therapeutic potential. It evokes innovative, environmentally friendly extraction techniques and integrated methods for the chemical analysis of these valuable compounds. Additionally, the health benefits of GP polyphenols are explored, with recent experimental findings examining their metabolism and highlighting the key role of gut microbiota in these processes. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the biological activity of GP extracts and underscore their growing significance as a high-added-value product. By illustrating how winemaking by-products can be transformed into natural therapeutic agents, this review emphasizes the importance of sustainable development and eco-friendly waste management practices, significantly contributing to the advancement of a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pierre-Louis Teissedre
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1366, OENO, ISVV, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.K.); (A.-L.G.); (M.J.)
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Maisto M, Piccolo V, Marzocchi A, Maresca DC, Romano B, Summa V, Tenore GC, Ercolano G, Ianaro A. Nutraceutical formulation based on a synergic combination of melatonin and palmitoylethanolamide for the management of allergic events. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1417747. [PMID: 39257610 PMCID: PMC11385308 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1417747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The management of allergic events is a growing global health issue, especially in industrialized countries. This disease is an immune-mediated process, regulated by the interaction of IgE with an allergen, resulting in mast cell activation, which concerns the release of several immune-inflammatory modulators, i.e., histamine, β-hexosaminidase, COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α, responsible for the main allergic-reaction associated symptoms. The aim of the present study was the efficacy evaluation of an alternative remedy, an innovative nutraceutical formulation (NF) based on the synergic combination of melatonin (MEL) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) for the prevention and treatment of immune disease. At first, the intestinal bioaccessibility of PEA and MEL in NF was assessed at 1.6 and 36%, respectively. Then the MEL and PEA ability to modulate the release of immune-inflammatory modulators in the human mast cell line (HMC-1.2) at their bioaccessible concentration was investigated. Our results underline that NF treatment was able to reduce COX-2 mRNA transcription levels (-30% vs. STIM, p < 0.0001) in stimulated HMC-1.2 and to contract COX-2 enzymatic activity directly (IC50: 152 μg/mL). Additionally, NF showed valuable ability in reducing histamine and β-hexosaminidase release in stimulated HMC-1.2, as well as in decreasing TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA transcription levels and protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maisto
- ChimNutra Labs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Piccolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Adua Marzocchi
- ChimNutra Labs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Benedetta Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Summa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Ianaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Schiano E, Vaccaro S, Scorcia V, Carnevali A, Borselli M, Chisari D, Guerra F, Iannuzzo F, Tenore GC, Giannaccare G, Novellino E. From Vineyard to Vision: Efficacy of Maltodextrinated Grape Pomace Extract (MaGPE) Nutraceutical Formulation in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy. Nutrients 2024; 16:2850. [PMID: 39275167 PMCID: PMC11397461 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances, pharmacological treatments of diabetic retinopathy (DR) do not directly address the underlying oxidative stress. This study evaluates the efficacy of a nutraceutical formulation based on maltodextrinated grape pomace extract (MaGPE), an oxidative stress inhibitor, in managing DR. A 6-month, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 99 patients with mild to moderate non-proliferative DR was conducted. The MaGPE group showed improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) values at T3 (p < 0.001) and T6 (p < 0.01), a reduction in CRT (at T3 and T6, both p < 0.0001) and a stabilization of vascular perfusion percentage, with slight increases at T3 and T6 (+3.0% and +2.7% at T3 and T6, respectively, compared to baseline). Additionally, the levels of reactive oxygen metabolite derivatives (dROMs) decreased from 1100.6 ± 430.1 UCARR at T0 to 974.8 ± 390.2 UCARR at T3 and further to 930.6 ± 310.3 UCARR at T6 (p < 0.05 vs. T0). Similarly, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) levels decreased from 953.9 ± 212.4 µEq/L at T0 to 867.0 ± 209.5 µEq/L at T3 and markedly to 735.0 ± 213.7 µEq/L at T6 (p < 0.0001 vs. T0). These findings suggest that MaGPE supplementation effectively reduces retinal swelling and oxidative stress, contributing to improved visual outcomes in DR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Schiano
- Inventia Biotech-Healthcare Food Research Center s.r.l., Strada Statale Sannitica KM 20.700, 81020 Caserta, Italy
| | - Sabrina Vaccaro
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Adriano Carnevali
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Borselli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Chisari
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Guerra
- Inventia Biotech-Healthcare Food Research Center s.r.l., Strada Statale Sannitica KM 20.700, 81020 Caserta, Italy
| | - Fortuna Iannuzzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara G. D'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 59, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Inventia Biotech-Healthcare Food Research Center s.r.l., Strada Statale Sannitica KM 20.700, 81020 Caserta, Italy
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Jiang C, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang K, Huang C, Gao F, Peng Hu H, Deng Y, Zhang W, Zheng J, Huang J, Li Y. Polyphenols from hickory nut reduce the occurrence of atherosclerosis in mice by improving intestinal microbiota and inhibiting trimethylamine N-oxide production. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155349. [PMID: 38522315 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite produced by intestinal microbiota through metabolizing phosphatidylcholine, choline, l-carnitine and betaine in the diet, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Concurrently, dietary polyphenols have garnered attention for their potential to ameliorate obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis primarily by modulating the intestinal microbial structure. Hickory (Carya cathayensis) nut, a polyphenol-rich food product favored for its palatability, emerges as a candidate for exploration. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The relationship between polyphenol of hickory nut and atherosclerosis prevention will be firstly clarified, providing theoretical basis for the discovery of natural products counteracting TMAO-induced AS process in hickory nut. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Employing Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and histological examination of aortic samples, the effects of total polyphenol extract on obesity index, inflammatory index and pathological changes of atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 J mice fed with high-fat and high choline diet were evaluated. Further, the composition, abundance, and function of mouse gut microbiota were analyzed through 16srDNA sequencing. Concurrently, the levels of TMAO and the expression of key enzymes (CutC and FMO3) involved in its synthesis are quantified using ELISA, Western Blot and Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Additionally, targeted metabolomic profiling of the hickory nut polyphenol extract was conducted, accompanied by molecular docking simulations to predict interactions between candidate polyphenols and the CutC/FMO3 using Autodock Vina. Finally, the docking prediction were verified by microscale thermophoresis (MST) . RESULTS Polyphenol extracts of hickory nut improved the index of obesity and inflammation, and alleviated the pathological changes of atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 J mice fed with high-fat and high-choline diet. Meanwhile, these polyphenol extracts also changed the composition and function of intestinal microbiota, and increased the abundance of microorganisms in mice. Notably, the abundance of intestinal microbiota endowed with CutC gene was significantly reduced, coherent with expression of CutC catalyzing TMA production. Moreover, polyphenol extracts also decreased the expression of FMO3 in the liver, contributing to the reduction of TMAO levels in serum. Furthermore, metabonomic profile analysis of these polyphenol extracts identified 647 kinds of polyphenols. Molecular docking predication further demonstrated that Casuariin and Cinnamtannin B2 had the most potential inhibition on the enzymatic activities of CutC or FMO3, respectively. Notably, MST analysis corroborated the potential for direct interaction between CutC enzyme and available polyphenols such as Corilagin, (-)-Gallocatechin gallate and Epigallocatechin gallate. CONCLUSION Hickory polyphenol extract can mitigate HFD-induced AS by regulating intestinal microflora in murine models. In addition, TMA-FMO3-TMAO pathway may play a key role in this process. This research unveils, for the inaugural time, the complex interaction between hickory nut-derived polyphenols and gut microbial, providing novel insights into the role of dietary polyphenols in AS prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Ketao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Chunying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Huang Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yangyong Deng
- Hangzhou Yaoshengji Food Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Suichang County Food and Drug Safety Inspection and Testing Center, Suichang, Zhejiang 323300, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Suichang County Food and Drug Safety Inspection and Testing Center, Suichang, Zhejiang 323300, China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China.
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Aleksova A, Fluca AL, Stornaiuolo M, Barbati G, Pierri A, Zwas DR, Santon D, D'Errico S, Marketou M, Sinagra G, Avraham Y, Novellino E, Janjusevic M. Intra-hospital variation of gut microbiota product, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), predicts future major adverse cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction. Hellenic J Cardiol 2024:S1109-9666(24)00111-8. [PMID: 38729348 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been associated with atherosclerosis and poor outcome. We evaluated the prognostic impact of intra-hospital TMAO variation on patient outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS Blood samples from 149 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were taken on admission and discharge. Plasma TMAO was determined by HPLC-MS. The endpoint was a composite three-point MACE (major adverse cardiovascular events), including all-cause mortality, re-infarction, or heart failure (HF) development. Median TMAO concentration on admission was significantly higher than on discharge (respectively, 7.81 [3.47-19.98] vs 3.45 [2.3-4.78] μM, p < 0.001). After estimating the 3.45 μM TMAO cut-off with the analysis of the continuous hazard ratio, we divided our cohort into two groups. The first group included 75 (50.3%) patients whose TMAO levels remained below or decreased under cut-off (low-low/high-low; LL/HL), while the second group included 74 (49.7%) patients whose TMAO levels remained high or increased above the cut-off during hospitalisation (high-high/low-high; HH/LH). During the median 30-month follow-up, 21.5% of patients experienced the composite endpoint. At Kaplan-Meier analysis, a trend of increasing MACE risk was observed in patients in the HH/LH group (p = 0.05). At multivariable Cox analysis, patients from the HH/LH group had more than two times higher risk of MACE during the follow-up than the LL/HL group (HR = 2.15 [95% CI, 1.03-4.5], p = 0.04). Other independent predictors of MACE were older age and worse left ventricular systolic function. CONCLUSION In patients with AMI, permanently high or increasing TMAO levels during hospitalisation are associated with a higher risk of MACE during long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Aleksova
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Lucia Fluca
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Barbati
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pierri
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Cardiology, San Paolo Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Donna R Zwas
- Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women, Heart Institute, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniela Santon
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano D'Errico
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Marketou
- Heraklion University General Hospital, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Cardiology Department Crete, Greece
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Yosefa Avraham
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Public Health Medical Faculty Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy; Inventia Biotech Centro Ricerche Alimentari Healthcare, Caserta, Italy
| | - Milijana Janjusevic
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Hou C, Chen Y, Hazeena SH, Tain Y, Hsieh C, Chen D, Liu R, Shih M. Cardiovascular risk of dietary trimethylamine oxide precursors and the therapeutic potential of resveratrol and its derivatives. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:358-379. [PMID: 38151750 PMCID: PMC10909991 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Overall diet, lifestyle choices, genetic predisposition, and other underlying health conditions may contribute to higher trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels and increased cardiovascular risk. This review explores the potential therapeutic ability of RSV to protect against cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and affect TMAO levels. This review considers recent studies on the association of TMAO with CVD. It also examines the sources, mechanisms, and metabolism of TMAO along with TMAO-induced cardiovascular events. Plant polyphenolic compounds, including resveratrol (RSV), and their cardioprotective mechanism of regulating TMAO levels and modifying gut microbiota are also discussed here. RSV's salient features and bioactive properties in reducing CVD have been evaluated. The close relationship between TMAO and CVD is clearly understood from currently available data, making it a potent biomarker for CVD. Precise investigation, including clinical trials, must be performed to understand RSV's mechanism, dose, effects, and derivatives as a cardioprotectant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, College of HydrosphereNational Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of PediatricsKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaiwan
| | - Sulfath Hakkim Hazeena
- Department of Seafood Science, College of HydrosphereNational Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyTaiwan
| | - You‐Lin Tain
- Department of PediatricsKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in BiomedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaiwan
- College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chang‐Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - De‐Quan Chen
- Department of Seafood Science, College of HydrosphereNational Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyTaiwan
| | - Rou‐Yun Liu
- Department of Seafood Science, College of HydrosphereNational Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Kuei Shih
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and InnovationNational Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and TourismTaiwan
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Maisto M, Marzocchi A, Keivani N, Piccolo V, Summa V, Tenore GC. Natural Chalcones for the Management of Obesity Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15929. [PMID: 37958912 PMCID: PMC10648025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the incidence of obesity has increased dramatically worldwide, reaching a dangerous pandemic spread. This condition has serious public health implications as it significantly increases the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, fatty liver, hypertension, heart attack, and stroke. The treatment of obesity is therefore the greatest health challenge of our time. Conventional therapeutic treatment of obesity is based on the use of various synthetic molecules belonging to the class of appetite suppressants, lipase inhibitors, hormones, metabolic regulators, and inhibitors of intestinal peptide receptors. The long-term use of these molecules is generally limited by various side effects and tolerance. For this reason, the search for natural alternatives to treat obesity is a current research goal. This review therefore examined the anti-obesity potential of natural chalcones based on available evidence from in vitro and animal studies. In particular, the results of the main in vitro studies describing the principal molecular therapeutic targets and the mechanism of action of the different chalcones investigated were described. In addition, the results of the most relevant animal studies were reported. Undoubtedly, future clinical studies are urgently needed to confirm and validate the potential of natural chalcones in the clinical prophylaxis of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maisto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 59, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (N.K.); (V.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.T.)
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Espíldora-Hernández J, Martín-Cortés S, Benítez-Toledo MJ, Coca-Prieto I, Sánchez-Chaparro MÁ, Valdivielso P. Doctors' perception of red wine consumption and cardiovascular health. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2023; 35:290-293. [PMID: 37290999 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The consumption of red wine has historically been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk, with sometimes controversial scientific evidence. METHOD A survey was carried out via whatsapp dated 09/01/22 to a cohort of doctors from the province of Malaga, asking about possible healthy red wine consumption habits, differentiating: never, 3-4 glasses per week, 5 -6 weekly drinks and one daily drink. RESULTS A total of 184 physicians answered, with a mean age of 35 years ± 11.1, of which 84 (45.6%) were women, distributed in different specialties, the majority being internal medicine with 52 (28.2%). The most frequently chosen option was D (59.2%), followed by A (21.2%), C (14.7%) and B (5%). CONCLUSIONS More than half of the doctors surveyed recommended zero consumption, and only 20% indicated that a daily drink could be healthy in non-drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salvador Martín-Cortés
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España
| | | | - Inmaculada Coca-Prieto
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España
| | - Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Chaparro
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, España; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, España
| | - Pedro Valdivielso
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, España; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, España
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Cerracchio C, Amoroso MG, Piccolo M, Ferraro MG, Nocera FP, De Martino L, Serra F, Irace C, Tenore GC, Novellino E, Santamaria R, Fiorito F. Antiviral activity of Taurisolo® during bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 infection. Virus Res 2023; 336:199217. [PMID: 37666327 PMCID: PMC10504091 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV-1), the pathogen causing Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and predisposing to polymicrobial infections in cattle, provokes farm economic losses and trading restrictions in the world. However, nontoxic antiviral agents for BoAHV-1 infection are still unavailable, but plant extracts, such as flavonoid derivatives possess activity against BoAHV-1. Taurisolo®, a nutraceutical produced by Aglianico grape pomace, has recently shown promising antiviral activity. Herein, the potential activity of Taurisolo® during BoAHV-1 infection in Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells was tested. Taurisolo® enhanced cell viability and reduced morphological death signs in BoAHV-1-infected cells. Moreover, Taurisolo® influenced the expression of bICP0, the key regulatory protein of BoAHV-1, and it strongly diminished virus yield. These effects were associated with an up-regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a transcription factor involved in microbial metabolism and immune response. In conclusion, our findings indicate that Taurisolo® may represent a potential antiviral agent against BoAHV-1 infection. Noteworthy, AhR could be involved in the observed effects and become a new target in antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cerracchio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marialuisa Piccolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Paola Nocera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa De Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Serra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Irace
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Santamaria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Fiorito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy.
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Sinrod AJG, Shah IM, Surek E, Barile D. Uncovering the promising role of grape pomace as a modulator of the gut microbiome: An in-depth review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20499. [PMID: 37867799 PMCID: PMC10589784 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace is the primary wine coproduct consisting primarily of grape seeds and skins. Grape pomace holds immense potential as a functional ingredient to improve human health while its valorization can be beneficial for industrial sustainability. Pomace contains bioactive compounds, including phenols and oligosaccharides, most of which reach the colon intact, enabling interaction with the gut microbiome. Microbial analysis found that grape pomace selectively promotes the growth of many commensal bacteria strains, while other types of bacteria, including various pathogens, are highly sensitive to the pomace and its components and are inactivated. In vitro studies showed that grape pomace and its extracts inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in Enterobacteriaceae family while increasing the growth and survival of some beneficial bacteria, including Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. Grape pomace supplementation in mice and rats improves their gut microbiome complexity and decreases diet-induced obesity as well as related illnesses, including insulin resistance, indicating grape pomace could improve human health. A human clinical trial found that pomace, regardless of its phenolic content, had cardioprotective effects, suggesting that dietary fiber induced those health benefits. To shed light on the active components, this review explores the potential prebiotic capacity of select bioactive compounds in grape pomace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J G Sinrod
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Ishita M Shah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Ece Surek
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Fine Arts, Design and Architecture, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
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11
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Zannella C, Chianese A, Annunziata G, Ambrosino A, De Filippis A, Tenore GC, Novellino E, Stornaiuolo M, Galdiero M. Antiherpetic Activity of Taurisolo ®, a Grape Pomace Polyphenolic Extract. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1346. [PMID: 37317320 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is widespread in the population, causing oral or genital ulcers and, rarely, severe complications such as encephalitis, keratitis, and neonatal herpes. Current available anti-HSV drugs are acyclovir and its derivatives, although long-term therapy with these agents can lead to drug resistance. Thus, the discovery of novel antiherpetic compounds merits additional studies. In recent decades, much scientific effort has been invested in the discovery of new synthetic or natural compounds with promising antiviral properties. In our study, we tested the antiviral potential of a novel polyphenol-based nutraceutical formulation (named Taurisolo®) consisting of a water polyphenol extract of grape pomace. The evaluation of the antiviral activity was carried out by using HSV-1 and HSV-2 in plaque assay experiments to understand the mechanism of action of the extract. Results were confirmed by real-time PCR, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and fluorescence microscope. Taurisolo® was able to block the viral infection by acting on cells when added together with the virus and also when the virus was pretreated with the extract, demonstrating an inhibitory activity directed to the early phases of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection. Altogether, these data evidence for the first time the potential use of Taurisolo® as a topical formulation for both preventing and healing herpes lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ambrosino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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12
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Khodabakhshi A, Monfared V, Arabpour Z, Vahid F, Hasani M. Association between Levels of Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:402-414. [PMID: 36217110 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2129080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Reports on the effect of Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TAMO), a small amine oxide generated by gut microbial metabolism of choline, betaine, and carnitine, on cancer are inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis summarize the effect of TAMO on cancer incidence. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Data were pooled using the random-effects method and were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The pooled results of 16 studies, including 5930 participants, showed that the association between TMAO levels and cancer incidence is insignificant (Odds Ratio: 0.97, 95% CI: (0.64, 1.46), P-value = 0.871). Subgroup analysis showed that urinary TMAO levels were negatively associated with cancer incidence; in contrast, a direct and positive association was observed between serum TMAO levels and cancer incidence. However, "gender" and the "TMAO measuring method" were the potential sources of discrepancies. Meta-regression analysis did not reveal any significant association between duration of studies, age, female ratio, subjects-control, and subjects-case. The present study demonstrates that serum TAMO levels were insignificantly associated with cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleh Khodabakhshi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Physiology Research center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, and Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Monfared
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zahra Arabpour
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farhad Vahid
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Motahareh Hasani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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13
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Feng X, Li Z, Guo W, Hu Y. The effects of traditional Chinese medicine and dietary compounds on digestive cancer immunotherapy and gut microbiota modulation: A review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1087755. [PMID: 36845103 PMCID: PMC9945322 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1087755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive tract-related cancers account for four of the top ten high-risk cancers worldwide. In recent years, cancer immunotherapy, which exploits the innate immune system to attack tumors, has led to a paradigm shifts in cancer treatment. Gut microbiota modification has been widely used to regulate cancer immunotherapy. Dietary compounds and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can alter the gut microbiota and its influence on toxic metabolite production, such as the effect of iprindole on lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and involvement in various metabolic pathways that are closely associated with immune reactions. Therefore, it is an effective strategy to explore new immunotherapies for gastrointestinal cancer to clarify the immunoregulatory effects of different dietary compounds/TCMs on intestinal microbiota. In this review, we have summarized recent progress regarding the effects of dietary compounds/TCMs on gut microbiota and their metabolites, as well as the relationship between digestive cancer immunotherapy and gut microbiota. We hope that this review will act as reference, providing a theoretical basis for the clinical immunotherapy of digestive cancer via gut microbiota modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Feng
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weihong Guo, ; Yanfeng Hu,
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weihong Guo, ; Yanfeng Hu,
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14
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Iglesias-Carres L, Racine KC, Neilson AP. Phenolic-rich beverages reduce bacterial TMA formation in an ex vivo- in vitro colonic fermentation model. Food Funct 2022; 13:8022-8037. [PMID: 35839103 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01159j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The production of pro-atherogenic trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is dependent on the gut microbiota metabolism of quaternary amines (i.e., choline) into trimethylamine (TMA). Nutritional strategies that target microbial conversion of choline into TMA could reduce cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis burden by reducing subsequent formation of TMAO. This study aimed to evaluate (1) whether beverages rich in known inhibitors of TMA production (chlorogenic acid, catechin and epicatechin) can reduce TMA formation and (2) the effect of upper gastrointestinal digestion on efficacy. To do this, either raw or digested coffee, tea and cocoa beverages were evaluated for their TMA-d9 production inhibition in our ex vivo-in vitro fermentation model with human fecal slurries and choline-d9 substrate. Results showed that digestion was required to unlock the TMA-d9 production inhibition potential of coffee and cocoa beverages, and that teas did not possess a strong inhibition potential either digested or undigested. By fractionating digested bioactive beverages, we determined that those fractions rich in chlorogenic acid were the most bioactive. Overall, this study suggests that regular cocoa and coffee consumption could be a nutritional strategy able to reduce TMAO levels. In vivo studies should be carried out to confirm the potential of these beverages as strategies to inhibit TMA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Kathryn C Racine
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Andrew P Neilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
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15
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Application of a Rapid and Simple Technological Process to Increase Levels and Bioccessibility of Free Phenolic Compounds in Annurca Apple Nutraceutical Product. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101453. [PMID: 35627023 PMCID: PMC9141411 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insoluble bound polyphenols (ISBP) are polyphenolic compounds linked to the food matrix with different interactions limiting both their water extractability and consequent bioaccessibility. The health-promoting potential of polyphenols is historically known and well-demonstrated; specifically, Annurca apple polyphenols were studied both in vitro and in vivo for their effect in controlling cholesterol plasma levels. The aim of the study was the preparation of nutraceutical products based on Annurca apple polyphenolic fraction through the application of a technological process (acid treatment) able to release the ISBP from Annurca apple food matrix and increase polyphenol bioaccessibility. Lyophilized annurca apple (LAA) underwent acid treatment (ATLAA), and differences in released polyphenol levels were analysed by DAD-HPLC. Free-polyphenol levels in samples treated under acid conditions were higher than in untreated ones; in particular, for oligomeric flavan-3-ols (+168% procyanidin B2, +42.97% procyanidin B1 and B2, +156.99% procyanidin C1), catechin (+512.20%), and gallic acid (+707.77%). Furthermore, ATLAA underwent an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion to evaluate the bioaccessibility of contained polyphenols, in comparison to the untreated Annurca apple. The bioaccessibility study indicates a valuable preservation of polyphenolic fraction compared to the control.
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16
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Coutinho-Wolino KS, da Cruz BO, Cardozo LFMDF, Fernandes IA, Mesquita CT, Stenvinkel P, Bergman P, Mafra D, Stockler-Pinto MB. Brazil nut supplementation does not affect trimethylamine-n-oxide plasma levels in patients with coronary artery disease. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14201. [PMID: 35467017 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to assess the effect of Brazil nut supplementation on trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with CAD were randomly assigned to two groups, Brazil nut group (23 patients, 48% male, 62.7 ± 6.8 years, 29.4 ± 5.8 kg/m2 ), which received one Brazil nut per day for 3 months, and the control group (14 patients, 43% male, 63.7 ± 8.7 years, 28.4 ± 4.2 kg/m2 ) who did not receive any supplementation. After 3 months, TMAO levels and their precursors did not change in either group. Although not significant, GPx activity increased by 41% in the Brazil nut group. TMAO levels were negatively associated with total fiber intake (r = -0.385 and p = .02). A 3-month Brazil nut supplementation did not change TMAO levels and GPx activity in CAD patients. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been associated with oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease risk. Thus, the increase in antioxidants enzymes production could be a promising strategy to reduce TMAO-mediated oxidative stress. In this context, nutritional strategies are well-known as activators of cellular antioxidant responses. As Brazil nuts have a known role in reducing oxidative stress by increasing glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity (a selenium-dependent antioxidant enzyme), this study hypothesized that Brazil nuts could be a strategy that, via antioxidant capacity, would reduce TMAO plasma levels. Although no changes in TMAO levels and GPx activity can be observed in this study, it is believed that other results can be obtained depending on the dosage used. Thus, this study can open new paths and direct other studies with different doses and treatment times to evaluate the effects of Brazil Nuts on TMAO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Salve Coutinho-Wolino
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Oliveira da Cruz
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M De F Cardozo
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Igor Alexandre Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences (Physiology and Pharmacology), Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Claudio Tinoco Mesquita
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denise Mafra
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Milena Barcza Stockler-Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
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17
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Lupoli R, Calcaterra I, Annunziata G, Tenore G, Rainone C, Schiavo L, Capaldo B, Di Minno MND. Post-Bariatric Hypoglycemia Is Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction and Increased Oxidative Stress. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040916. [PMID: 35453666 PMCID: PMC9030696 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) is a potentially serious complication that may occur after bariatric surgery. Recurrent hypoglycemia may exert detrimental effects on vascular function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate endothelial function and oxygen reactive compounds in patients who experience PBH compared with controls. We performed a cross-sectional study on subjects with PBH (HYPO) and those without (NO-HYPO), detected by seven-day continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) performed at least twelve months after bariatric surgery. We enrolled 28 post-bariatric subjects (17.9% males, mean age 40.6 ± 10.7 years), with 18 in the HYPO group and 10 in the NO-HYPO group. In the two groups, we measured brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) and reactive oxygen metabolites (D-ROMs). The HYPO group had significantly lower FMD values than the NO-HYPO group (3.8% ± 3.0 vs. 10.5% ± 2.0, p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between FMD and the time spent in hypoglycemia (rho = −0.648, p < 0.001), the number of hypoglycemic events (rho = −0.664, p < 0.001) and the mean glucose nadir (rho = 0.532, p = 0.004). The HYPO group showed significantly higher levels of D-ROMs (416.2 ± 88.7 UCARR vs. 305.5 ± 56.3 UCARR, p < 0.001) and oxLDLs (770.5 ± 49.7 µEq/L vs. 725.1 ± 51.6 µEq/L, p = 0.035) compared to the NO-HYPO group. In the multiple linear regression analysis, hypoglycemia independently predicted FMD values (β = −0.781, p < 0.001), D-ROMs (β = 0.548, p = 0.023) and oxLDL levels (β = 0.409, p = 0.031). PBH is associated with impaired endothelial function accompanied by increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lupoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-17-46-23-02
| | - Ilenia Calcaterra
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.); (C.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (G.T.)
| | - Giancarlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (G.T.)
| | - Carmen Rainone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.); (C.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Luigi Schiavo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Brunella Capaldo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.); (C.R.); (B.C.)
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18
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Jeria N, Cornejo S, Prado G, Bustamante A, Garcia-Diaz DF, Jimenez P, Valenzuela R, Poblete-Aro C, Echeverria F. Beneficial Effects of Bioactive Compounds Obtained from Agro-Industrial By-Products on Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Components. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2013498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jeria
- Escuela de Nutricion y Dietetica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Cornejo
- Escuela de Nutricion y Dietetica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Prado
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres Bustamante
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego F Garcia-Diaz
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Jimenez
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Nutritional Science Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carlos Poblete-Aro
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Rehabilitación en Salud, Universidad de las Americas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Echeverria
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago Chile
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19
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Li X, Hong J, Wang Y, Pei M, Wang L, Gong Z. Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Pathway: A Potential Target for the Treatment of MAFLD. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:733507. [PMID: 34660695 PMCID: PMC8517136 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.733507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a molecular metabolite derived from the gut flora, which has recently emerged as a candidate risk factor for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). TMAO is mainly derived from gut, where the gut microbiota converts TMA precursors into TMA, which is absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestinal mucosa, and then transformed into TMAO by hepatic flavin monooxygenases (FMOs) in the liver. High-nutrient diets rich in TMA precursors, such as red meat, eggs, and fish, are the main sources of TMAO. Excessively consuming such diets not only directly affects energy metabolism in liver, but also increases the concentration of TMAO in plasma, which promotes the development of MAFLD by affecting bile acid metabolism, unfolded protein response, and oxidative stress. In this review, we focused on the relationship between TMAO and MAFLD and summarized intervention strategies for reducing circulating TMAO concentration, aiming at providing new targets for the prevention and treatment of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Maohua Pei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Luwen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuojiong Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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20
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Annunziata G, Ciampaglia R, Capò X, Guerra F, Sureda A, Tenore GC, Novellino E. Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular risk. Could trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) be a major player? A potential upgrade forward in the DOGMA theory. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112171. [PMID: 34536755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported an increase in cardiovascular risk (CVR) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), considered primarily as the result of the combination of all the clinical features that characterize the syndrome, including hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity chronic low-grade inflammation. Interestingly, in 2012 it has been proposed the so-called DOGMA theory, suggesting the pivotal role played by microbiota alteration in the development of PCOS. Subsequently, several authors evidenced the existence in PCOS women of a marked dysbiosis, which is related to the development of metabolic diseases and cardiovascular complications, mainly due to the production of bacteria-derived metabolites that interfere with various pathways. Among these, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is emerging as one of the most important and studied microbiota-derived metabolites related to the increase in CVR, due to its pro-atherosclerotic effect. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the evidence in order to support the hypothesis that, in women with PCOS, dysbiosis might be further involved in enhancement of the CVR via contributing to the increase of circulating TMAO. Although no observational studies on a large number of patients directly investigated the serum levels of TMAO in PCOS women, this manuscript aimed to drive future studies in this field, concurring in providing a novel approach for both comprehension and treatment of the CVR in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Annunziata
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Roberto Ciampaglia
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Xavier Capò
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Fabrizia Guerra
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ettore Novellino
- NGN Healthcare - New Generation Nutraceuticals s.r.l., Torrette Via Nazionale 207, 83013 Mercogliano, Avellino, Italy.
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21
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Annunziata G, Ciampaglia R, Maisto M, D'Avino M, Caruso D, Tenore GC, Novellino E. Taurisolo®, a Grape Pomace Polyphenol Nutraceutical Reducing the Levels of Serum Biomarkers Associated With Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:697272. [PMID: 34350218 PMCID: PMC8326362 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.697272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite recognized as strongly related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), mainly increasing the risk of atherosclerosis development. Currently, no pharmacological approaches have been licensed for reduction of TMAO serum levels and conventional anti-atherosclerosis treatments only target the traditional risk factors, and the cardiovascular risk (CVR) still persist. This underlines the need to find novel targeted strategies for management of atherosclerosis. In this study we tested the ability of a novel nutraceutical formulation based on grape pomace polyphenols (Taurisolo®) in reducing both the serum levels of TMAO and oxidative stress-related biomarkers in humans (n = 213). After chronic treatment with Taurisolo® we observed significantly reduced levels of TMAO (−49.78 and −75.80%, after 4-week and 8-week treatment, respectively), oxidized LDL (oxLDL; −43.12 and −65.05%, after 4-week and 8-week treatment, respectively), and reactive oxygen species (D-ROMs; −34.37 and −49.68%, after 4-week and 8-week treatment, respectively). On the other hand, no significant changes were observed in control group. Such promising, the results observed allow indicating Taurisolo® as an effective nutraceutical strategy for prevention of atherosclerosis. Clinical Trial Registration: This study is listed on the ISRCTN registry with ID ISRCTN10794277 (doi: 10.1186/ISRCTN10794277).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Annunziata
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciampaglia
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Maisto
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria D'Avino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Caruso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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22
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Annunziata G, Sureda A, Orhan IE, Battino M, Arnone A, Jiménez-García M, Capó X, Cabot J, Sanadgol N, Giampieri F, Tenore GC, Kashani HRK, Silva AS, Habtemariam S, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM. The neuroprotective effects of polyphenols, their role in innate immunity and the interplay with the microbiota. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:437-453. [PMID: 34245757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, particularly in the elderly population, represent one of the most pressing social and health-care problems in the world. Besides the well-established role of both oxidative stress and inflammation, alterations of the immune response have been found to be closely linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, various scientific evidence reported that an altered gut microbiota composition may contribute to the development of neuroinflammatory disorders. This leads to the proposal of the concept of the gut-brain-immune axis. In this scenario, polyphenols play a pivotal role due to their ability to exert neuroprotective, immunomodulatory and microbiota-remodeling activities. In the present review, we summarized the available literature to provide a scientific evidence regarding this neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects and the interaction with gut microbiota of polyphenols and, the main signaling pathways involved that can explain their potential therapeutic application in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Annunziata
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Istituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo - Vigo Campus, Vigo, Spain; Dept of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Angela Arnone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Manuel Jiménez-García
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Department, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Xavier Capó
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Joan Cabot
- Biology Department, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Oporto, 4485-655, Portugal; Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal.
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Charham-Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Donia T, Khamis A. Management of oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:34121-34153. [PMID: 33963999 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have diverse physiopathological mechanisms with interconnected oxidative stress and inflammation as one of the common etiologies which result in the onset and development of atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we illustrate this strong crosstalk between oxidative stress, inflammation, and CVD. Also, mitochondrial functions underlying this crosstalk, and various approaches for the prevention of redox/inflammatory biological impacts will be illustrated. In part, we focus on the laboratory biomarkers and physiological tests for the evaluation of oxidative stress status and inflammatory processes. The impact of a healthy lifestyle on CVD onset and development is displayed as well. Furthermore, the differences in oxidative stress and inflammation are related to genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases and the variability in the assessment of CVDs risk between individuals; Omics technologies for measuring oxidative stress and inflammation will be explored. Finally, we display the oxidative stress-related microRNA and the functions of the redox basis of epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoria Donia
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abeer Khamis
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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24
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Annunziata G, Capó X, Quetglas-Llabrés MM, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Tejada S, Tur JA, Ciampaglia R, Guerra F, Maisto M, Tenore GC, Novellino E, Sureda A. Ex Vivo Study on the Antioxidant Activity of a Winemaking By-Product Polyphenolic Extract (Taurisolo ®) on Human Neutrophils. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071009. [PMID: 34201732 PMCID: PMC8300751 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OxS) has been linked to several chronic diseases and is recognized to have both major causes and consequences. The use of antioxidant-based nutraceuticals has been licensed as an optimal tool for management of OxS-related diseases. Currently, great interest is focused on the valorization of agri-food by-products as a source of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols. In this sense, we evaluated the efficacy of a novel nutraceutical formulation based on polyphenolic extract from Aglianico cultivar grape pomace (registered as Taurisolo®). In particular, we tested both native and in vitro gastrointestinal digested forms. The two extracts have been used to treat ex vivo neutrophils from subjects with metabolic syndrome, reporting a marked antioxidant activity of Taurisolo®, as shown by its ability to significantly reduce both the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activities of catalase and myeloperoxidase in the cell medium after stimulation of neutrophils with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Interestingly, we observed an increase in intracellular enzymatic activities in PMA-treated cells, suggesting that Taurisolo® polyphenols might be able to activate nuclear factors, up-regulating the expression of this target antioxidant gene. In addition, Taurisolo® reversed the increase in malondialdehyde induced by PMA; reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and myeloperoxidase (MPO); and induced the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Overall, these results suggest the efficacy of Taurisolo® in contrasting the OxS at blood level, providing evidence for its therapeutic potential in the management of OxS-related pathological conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Annunziata
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Xavier Capó
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (S.T.); (J.A.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (S.T.); (J.A.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (S.T.); (J.A.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (S.T.); (J.A.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Department and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (S.T.); (J.A.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Ciampaglia
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Fabrizia Guerra
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Maisto
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-678-610
| | - Ettore Novellino
- NGN Healthcare—New Generation Nutraceuticals s.r.l., Torrette Via Nazionale 207, 83013 Mercogliano, Italy;
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (S.T.); (J.A.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Martelli A, Flori L, Gorica E, Piragine E, Saviano A, Annunziata G, Di Minno MND, Ciampaglia R, Calcaterra I, Maione F, Tenore GC, Novellino E, Calderone V. Vascular Effects of the Polyphenolic Nutraceutical Supplement Taurisolo ®: Focus on the Protection of the Endothelial Function. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051540. [PMID: 34063322 PMCID: PMC8147644 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preservation of vascular endothelium integrity and functionality represents an unmet medical need. Indeed, endothelial dysfunction leads to decreased nitric oxide biosynthesis, which is prodromic of hypertension and hypercoagulability. In this panorama, the nutraceutical supplement Taurisolo®, a polyphenolic extract from Aglianico cultivar grape, rich in catechin and procyanidins, was evaluated as a vasoprotective, vasorelaxing, anti-hypertensive and anti-coagulant agent in: cell lines, isolated vessels, in vivo models of chronic hypertension and hypercoagulability, and in clinical tests of endothelial reactivity. Taurisolo® demonstrated to fully protect vascular cell viability from oxidative stimulus at 100 µg/mL and evoke vasorelaxing effects (Emax = 80.6% ± 1.9 and pEC50 = 1.19 ± 0.03) by activation of the Sirtuins-AMPK-pathway. Moreover, Taurisolo®, chronically administered at 20 mg/Kg/die in in vivo experiments, inhibited the onset of cardiac hypertrophy (heart weight/rat weight = 3.96 ± 0.09 vs. 4.30 ± 0.03), hypercoagulability (decrease of fibrinogen vs. control: p < 0.01) and hypertension (mean of Psys: 200 ± 2 vs. control 234 ± 2 mmHg) and improved endothelial function (Emax = 88.9% ± 1.5 vs. control 59.6% ± 3.6; flow-mediated dilation in healthy volunteers after 400 mg twice daily for 8 weeks vs. baseline: p = 0.019). In conclusion, Taurisolo® preserves the vascular function against ox-inflamm-ageing process and the consequent cardiovascular accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Era Gorica
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Anella Saviano
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Matteo Nicola Dario Di Minno
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberto Ciampaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Ilenia Calcaterra
- Department of Clinic Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesco Maione
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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26
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Iglesias-Carres L, Essenmacher LA, Racine KC, Neilson AP. Development of a High-Throughput Method to Study the Inhibitory Effect of Phytochemicals on Trimethylamine Formation. Nutrients 2021; 13:1466. [PMID: 33925806 PMCID: PMC8145906 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline is metabolized by the gut microbiota into trimethylamine (TMA), the precursor of pro-atherosclerotic molecule trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). A reduction in TMA formation has shown cardioprotective effects, and some phytochemicals may reduce TMA formation. This study aimed to develop an optimized, high-throughput anaerobic fermentation methodology to study the inhibition of choline microbial metabolism into TMA by phenolic compounds with healthy human fecal starter. Optimal fermentation conditions were: 20% fecal slurry (1:10 in PBS), 100 µM choline, and 12 h fermentation. Additionally, 10 mM of 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) was defined as a positive TMA production inhibitor, achieving a ~50% reduction in TMA production. Gallic acid and chlorogenic acid reported higher TMA inhibitory potential (maximum of 80-90% TMA production inhibition), with IC50 around 5 mM. Neither DMB nor gallic acid or chlorogenic acid reduced TMA production through cytotoxic effects, indicating mechanisms such as altered TMA-lyase activity or expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (L.I.-C.); (K.C.R.)
| | - Lauren A. Essenmacher
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Kathryn C. Racine
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (L.I.-C.); (K.C.R.)
| | - Andrew P. Neilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (L.I.-C.); (K.C.R.)
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27
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TMA/TMAO in Hypertension: Novel Horizons and Potential Therapies. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 14:1117-1124. [PMID: 33709384 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent chronic disease and a risk factor for various diseases. Although its mechanisms and therapies are constantly being updated and developed, they are still not fully clarified. In recent years, novel gut microbiota and its metabolites have attracted widespread attention. It is strongly linked with physiological and pathological systems, especially TMA and TMAO. TMA is formed by intestinal microbial metabolism of choline and L-carnitine and converted into TMAO by FMO3. This paper collected and collated the latest researches and mainly discussed the following four parts. It introduced gut microbiota; provided a focus on TMA, TMA-producing bacteria, and TMAO; summarized the alternations in hypertensive patients and animals; discussed the mechanisms of TMAO with two respects; and summarized the regulatory factors may be as new interventions and therapies of hypertension. And, more relevant studies are still prospected to be accomplished between hypertension and TMA/TMAO for further clinical services.
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28
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Zhang SL, Mao YQ, Zhang ZY, Li ZM, Kong CY, Chen HL, Cai PR, Han B, Ye T, Wang LS. Pectin supplement significantly enhanced the anti-PD-1 efficacy in tumor-bearing mice humanized with gut microbiota from patients with colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4155-4170. [PMID: 33754054 PMCID: PMC7977465 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapy for several cancers. However, it only benefits a small subset of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Mounting data supports the pivotal role of gut microbiota in shaping immune system. Pectin, a widely consumed soluble fiber, has been reported to ameliorate the imbalance of gut microbiota. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effect and the underlying mechanisms of pectin in improving anti-PD-1 mAb efficacy. Methods: The C57BL/6 mice were treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic (ATB) cocktail to depleted endogenous gut microbiota and subsequently humanized with feces from healthy controls or newly diagnosed CRC patients. The antitumor efficacies of anti-PD-1 mAb combined with or without pectin were assessed using these mice. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were conducted to investigate the tumor immune microenvironment after treatment. The gut microbiota profiles and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels were determined by 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. The effect of gut microbiota on anti-PD-1 mAb efficacy after pectin supplement was further tested by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Results: The anti-PD-1 mAb efficacy was largely impaired in the mice humanized with feces from newly diagnosed CRC patients compared to those from healthy controls. However, pectin significantly enhanced the anti-PD-1 mAb efficacy in the tumor-bearing mice humanized with CRC patient gut microbiota. Flow cytometry and IHC analysis revealed increased T cell infiltration and activation in the tumor microenvironment of mice treated with anti-PD-1 mAb plus pectin. In vivo depletion of CD8+ T cells diminished the anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-1 mAb combined with pectin. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that pectin significantly increased gut microbial diversity and beneficially regulated microbial composition. In addition, we identified unique bacterial modules that were significantly enriched in the anti-PD-1 mAb + pectin group, which composed of butyrate-producing bacteria indicative of good response to immunotherapy. Meanwhile, GC-MS showed that pectin altered the level of SCFA butyrate. Furthermore, butyrate, a main product of dietary fiber in gut microbial fermentation, was found to be sufficient to promote T cells infiltration and thus enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 mAb. In addition, FMT demonstrated the effects of pectin were dependent on gut microbiota. Importantly, the beneficial effects of pectin were confirmed in the mice humanized with gut microbiota from patient with resistance to anti-PD-1 mAb. Conclusion: Pectin facilitated the anti-PD-1 mAb efficacy in CRC via regulating the T cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, which was potentially mediated by the metabolite butyrate.
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29
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Iglesias-Carres L, Hughes MD, Steele CN, Ponder MA, Davy KP, Neilson AP. Use of dietary phytochemicals for inhibition of trimethylamine N-oxide formation. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 91:108600. [PMID: 33577949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been reported as a risk factor for atherosclerosis development, as well as for other cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathologies. The objective of this review is to provide a useful summary on the use of phytochemicals as TMAO-reducing agents. This review discusses the main mechanisms by which TMAO promotes CVD, including the modulation of lipid and bile acid metabolism, and the promotion of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Current knowledge on the available strategies to reduce TMAO formation are discussed, highlighting the effect and potential of phytochemicals. Overall, phytochemicals (i.e., phenolic compounds or glucosinolates) reduce TMAO formation by modulating gut microbiota composition and/or function, inhibiting host's capacity to metabolize TMA to TMAO, or a combination of both. Perspectives for design of future studies involving phytochemicals as TMAO-reducing agents are discussed. Overall, the information provided by this review outlines the current state of the art of the role of phytochemicals as TMAO reducing agents, providing valuable insight to further advance in this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC
| | - Michael D Hughes
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Cortney N Steele
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Monica A Ponder
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Kevin P Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Andrew P Neilson
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC.
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Coutinho-Wolino KS, de F Cardozo LFM, de Oliveira Leal V, Mafra D, Stockler-Pinto MB. Can diet modulate trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) production? What do we know so far? Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3567-3584. [PMID: 33533968 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite that has attracted attention due to its positive association with several chronic non-communicable diseases such as insulin resistance, atherosclerotic plaque formation, diabetes, cancer, heart failure, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, liver steatosis, cardiac fibrosis, endothelial injury, neural degeneration and Alzheimer's disease. TMAO production results from the fermentation by the gut microbiota of dietary nutrients such as choline and carnitine, which are transformed to trimethylamine (TMA) and converted into TMAO in the liver by flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 and 3 (FMO1 and FMO3). Considering that TMAO is involved in the development of many chronic diseases, strategies have been found to enhance a healthy gut microbiota. In this context, some studies have shown that nutrients and bioactive compounds from food can modulate the gut microbiota and possibly reduce TMAO production. OBJECTIVE This review has as main objective to discuss the studies that demonstrated the effects of food on the reduction of this harmful metabolite. METHODS All relevant articles until November 2020 were included. The articles were searched in Medline through PubMed. RESULTS Both the food is eaten acutely and chronically, by altering the nature of the gut microbiota, influencing colonic TMA production. Furthermore, hepatic production of TMAO by the flavin monooxygenases in the liver may also be influenced by phenolic compounds present in foods. CONCLUSION The evidence presented in this review shows that TMAO levels can be reduced by some bioactive compounds. However, it is crucial to notice that there is significant variation among the studies. Further clinical studies should be conducted to evaluate these dietary components' effectiveness, dose, and intervention time on TMAO levels and its precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludmila F M de F Cardozo
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Viviane de Oliveira Leal
- Division of Nutrition, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Milena Barcza Stockler-Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
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Elejalde E, Villarán MC, Alonso RM. Grape polyphenols supplementation for exercise-induced oxidative stress. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:3. [PMID: 33413451 PMCID: PMC7789302 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise induces free radicals’ overproduction and therefore, an enhancement of oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive species and the intrinsic antioxidant defense. Redox activity of reactive species plays an important and a positive role on exercise adaptation, but these species at very high concentrations have detrimental effects. As a result, the use of antioxidant supplements for reducing oxidative stress can be an effective health strategy to maintain an optimal antioxidant status. In this sense, grapes are an important source of natural antioxidants due to their high content in polyphenols. They have shown antioxidant potential benefits for the reduction of intense exercise effect in athletes of different sport disciplines. Consequently, it is plausible to hypothesize that a strategic supplementation with grape based products may be a good approach to mitigate the exercise induced oxidative stress. The goal of this review is to present the state of the art of supplementation effects with grape beverages and grape extracts on the oxidative stress markers in athletes. The data of polyphenolic dosages, participant characteristics and exercise protocols are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edurne Elejalde
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Álava c/ Leonardo Da Vinci, 11, 01510 Miñano (Álava), Spain.
| | - Mari Carmen Villarán
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Álava c/ Leonardo Da Vinci, 11, 01510 Miñano (Álava), Spain
| | - Rosa María Alonso
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
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Cardioprotective Effects of Taurisolo® in Cardiomyoblast H9c2 Cells under High-Glucose and Trimethylamine N-Oxide Treatment via De Novo Sphingolipid Synthesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2961406. [PMID: 33273998 PMCID: PMC7683148 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2961406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In addition to high plasma glucose, increased levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) have been found in obese subjects, where are considered as a novel risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a novel nutraceutical formulation based on grape polyphenols (registered as Taurisolo®) in counteracting TMAO- and high glucose (HG)-induced cytotoxicity in cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells. Cell damage was induced with HG (HG-H9c2) and HG+TMAO (THG-H9c2); both experimental cell models were, thus, incubated for 72 h in the presence or absence of Taurisolo®. It was observed that Taurisolo® significantly increased the cell viability and reduced lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate transaminase release in both HG- and THG-H9c2 cells. Additionally, through its antioxidant activity, Taurisolo® modulated cell proliferation via ERK activation in THG-H9c2. Furthermore, Taurisolo® was able to induce autophagic process via increasing the expression of LC3II, a protein marker involved in formation of autophagosome and ex novo synthesis of sphingomyelin, ceramides, and their metabolites both in HG- and THG-H9c2 cells. Finally, Taurisolo® reduced hypertrophy and induced differentiation of HG-H9C2 cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells. These data suggest that Taurisolo® counteracts the toxicity induced by TMAO and HG concentrations increasing autophagic process and activating de novo sphingolipid synthesis, resulting in a morphological cell remodeling. In conclusion, our results allow speculating that Taurisolo®, combined with energy restriction, may represent a useful nutraceutical approach for prevention of cardiomyopathy in obese subjects.
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Diotallevi C, Fava F, Gobbetti M, Tuohy K. Healthy dietary patterns to reduce obesity-related metabolic disease: polyphenol-microbiome interactions unifying health effects across geography. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2020; 23:437-444. [PMID: 32941185 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The spread of the Western lifestyle across the globe has led to a pandemic in obesity-related metabolic disease. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), Okinawa diet (OkD) and Nordic diet, derived from very different regions of the world and culinary traditions, have a large whole plant food component and are associated with reduced disease risk. This review focuses on polyphenol : microbiome interactions as one possible common mechanistic driver linking the protective effects whole plant foods against metabolic disease across healthy dietary patterns irrespective of geography. RECENT FINDINGS Although mechanistic evidence in humans is still scarce, animal studies suggest that polyphenol or polyphenol rich foods induce changes within the gut microbiota and its metabolic output of trimethylamine N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, bile acids and small phenolic acids. These cross-kingdom signaling molecules regulate mammalian lipid and glucose homeostasis, inflammation and energy storage or thermogenesis, physiological processes determining obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk. However, it appears that where in the intestine metabolites are produced, the microbiota communities involved, and interactions between the metabolites themselves, can all influence physiological responses, highlighting the need for a greater understanding of the kinetics and site of production of microbial metabolites within the gut. SUMMARY Interactions between polyphenols and metabolites produced by the gut microbiota are emerging as a possible unifying protective mechanism underpinning diverse healthy dietary patterns signaling across culinary traditions, across geography and across domains of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Diotallevi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Freie Universität Bozen-Libera Università di Bolzano, Bolzano
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Fava
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Freie Universität Bozen-Libera Università di Bolzano, Bolzano
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
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Radonjić S, Maraš V, Raičević J, Košmerl T. Wine or Beer? Comparison, Changes and Improvement of Polyphenolic Compounds during Technological Phases. Molecules 2020; 25:E4960. [PMID: 33120907 PMCID: PMC7663142 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wine and beer are nowadays the most popular alcoholic beverages, and the benefits of their moderate consumption have been extensively supported by the scientific community. The main source of wine and beer's antioxidant behavior are the phenolic substances. Phenolic compounds in wine and beer also influence final product quality, in terms of color, flavor, fragrance, stability, and clarity. Change in the quantity and quality of phenolic compounds in wine and beer depends on many parameters, beginning with the used raw material, its place of origin, environmental growing conditions, and on all the applied technological processes and the storage of the final product. This review represents current knowledge of phenolic compounds, comparing qualitative and quantitative profiles in wine and beer, changes of these compounds through all phases of wine and beer production are discussed, as well as the possibilities for increasing their content. Analytical methods and their importance for phenolic compound determination have also been pointed out. The observed data showed wine as the beverage with a more potent biological activity, due to a higher content of phenolic compounds. However, both of them contain, partly similar and different, phenolic compounds, and recommendations have to consider the drinking pattern, consumed quantity, and individual preferences. Furthermore, novel technologies have been developing rapidly in order to improve the polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of these two beverages, particularly in the brewing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Radonjić
- “13. Jul Plantaže” a.d., Research and Development Sector, Put Radomira Ivanovića 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro; (V.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Vesna Maraš
- “13. Jul Plantaže” a.d., Research and Development Sector, Put Radomira Ivanovića 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro; (V.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Jovana Raičević
- “13. Jul Plantaže” a.d., Research and Development Sector, Put Radomira Ivanovića 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro; (V.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Tatjana Košmerl
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Zhu B, Zhai Y, Ji M, Wei Y, Wu J, Xue W, Tao WW, Wu H. Alisma orientalis Beverage Treats Atherosclerosis by Regulating Gut Microbiota in ApoE -/- Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:570555. [PMID: 33101028 PMCID: PMC7545905 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.570555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alisma orientalis beverage (AOB) is a Chinese traditional medicine formulated with a diversity of medicinal plants and used for treating metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis (AS) since time ago. Given the current limited biological research on AOB, the mechanism by which AOB treats AS is unknown. This study investigats the role of AOB-induced gut microbiota regulation in the expansion of AS. Methods We established an AS model in male apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice that are fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), treated with numerous interventions, and evaluated the inflammatory cytokines and serum biochemical indices. The root of the aorta was stained with oil red O, and the proportion of the lesion area was quantified. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and trimethylamine (TMA) levels in serum were evaluated through liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Flavin−containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) liver protein expression was assessed by Western blotting. 16S rDNA sequencing technique was adopted to establish the changes in the microbiota structure. Results After 8 weeks of HFD feeding, an inflammatory cytokine, and AS development expression were significantly decreased in mice treated with AOB; the same parameters in the mice treated with the antibiotics cocktail did not change. In the gut microbiota study, mice treated with AOB had a markedly different gut microbiota than the HFD-fed mice. Additionally, AOB also decreased serum TMAO and hepatic FMO3 expression. Conclusion The antiatherosclerotic effects of AOB were found associated with changes in the content of gut microbiota and a reduction in TMAO, a gut microbiota metabolite, suggesting that AOB has potential therapeutic value in the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhai
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjiao Ji
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Wei
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiafei Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenda Xue
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wei Tao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoxin Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
We critically review potential involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as a link between diet, the gut microbiota and CVD. Generated primarily from dietary choline and carnitine by gut bacteria and hepatic flavin-containing mono-oxygenase (FMO) activity, TMAO could promote cardiometabolic disease when chronically elevated. However, control of circulating TMAO is poorly understood, and diet, age, body mass, sex hormones, renal clearance, FMO3 expression and genetic background may explain as little as 25 % of TMAO variance. The basis of elevations with obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis or CHD is similarly ill-defined, although gut microbiota profiles/remodelling appear critical. Elevated TMAO could promote CVD via inflammation, oxidative stress, scavenger receptor up-regulation, reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) inhibition, and cardiovascular dysfunction. However, concentrations influencing inflammation, scavenger receptors and RCT (≥100 µm) are only achieved in advanced heart failure or chronic kidney disease (CKD), and greatly exceed pathogenicity of <1-5 µm levels implied in some TMAO-CVD associations. There is also evidence that CVD risk is insensitive to TMAO variance beyond these levels in omnivores and vegetarians, and that major TMAO sources are cardioprotective. Assessing available evidence suggests that modest elevations in TMAO (≤10 µm) are a non-pathogenic consequence of diverse risk factors (ageing, obesity, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance/diabetes, renal dysfunction), indirectly reflecting CVD risk without participating mechanistically. Nonetheless, TMAO may surpass a pathogenic threshold as a consequence of CVD/CKD, secondarily promoting disease progression. TMAO might thus reflect early CVD risk while providing a prognostic biomarker or secondary target in established disease, although mechanistic contributions to CVD await confirmation.
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Bordoni L, Fedeli D, Piangerelli M, Pelikant-Malecka I, Radulska A, Samulak JJ, Sawicka AK, Lewicki L, Kalinowski L, Olek RA, Gabbianelli R. Gender-Related Differences in Trimethylamine and Oxidative Blood Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease Patients. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080238. [PMID: 32717906 PMCID: PMC7460342 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender differences in the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been observed worldwide. In this study, plasmatic levels of trimethylamine (TMA) and blood oxidative biomarkers have been evaluated in 358 men (89 controls and 269 CVD patients) and 189 women (64 control and 125 CVD patients). The fluorescence technique was applied to determine erythrocyte membrane fluidity using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and Laurdan, while lipid hydroperoxides were assessed by diphenyl−1-pyrenylphosphine (DPPP). Results show that levels of plasmatic TMA were higher in healthy men with respect to healthy women (p = 0.0001). Significantly lower TMA was observed in male CVD patients (0.609 ± 0.104 μM) compared to healthy male controls (0.680 ± 0.118 μM) (p < 0.001), while higher levels of TMA were measured in female CVD patients (0.595 ± 0.115 μM) with respect to female controls (0.529 ± 0.073 μM) (p < 0.001). DPPP was significantly higher in healthy control men than in women (p < 0.001). Male CVD patients displayed a lower value of DPPP (2777 ± 1924) compared to healthy controls (5528 ± 2222) (p < 0.001), while no significant changes were measured in females with or without CVD (p > 0.05). Membrane fluidity was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the hydrophobic bilayer only in control male subjects. In conclusion, gender differences were observed in blood oxidative biomarkers, and DPPP value might be suggested as a biomarker predictive of CVD only in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (L.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Donatella Fedeli
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (L.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Marco Piangerelli
- Computer Science Division and Mathematics Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Iwona Pelikant-Malecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.P.-M.); (A.R.); (L.K.)
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adrianna Radulska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.P.-M.); (A.R.); (L.K.)
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna J. Samulak
- Doctoral School for Physical Culture Sciences, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (J.J.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Angelika K. Sawicka
- Doctoral School for Physical Culture Sciences, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (J.J.S.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Lewicki
- University Center for Cardiology, Gdansk, Debinki 2, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.P.-M.); (A.R.); (L.K.)
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Robert A. Olek
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.A.O.); (R.G.); Tel.: +48-61-8355270 (R.A.O.); +39-0737-403208 (R.G.)
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (L.B.); (D.F.)
- Correspondence: (R.A.O.); (R.G.); Tel.: +48-61-8355270 (R.A.O.); +39-0737-403208 (R.G.)
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Simó C, García-Cañas V. Dietary bioactive ingredients to modulate the gut microbiota-derived metabolite TMAO. New opportunities for functional food development. Food Funct 2020; 11:6745-6776. [PMID: 32686802 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01237h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of clinical evidence that supports a strong association between elevated circulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels with increased risk of developing adverse cardiovascular outcomes such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis. TMAO is synthesized through a meta-organismal stepwise process that involves (i) the microbial production of TMA in the gut from dietary precursors and (ii) its subsequent oxidation to TMAO by flavin-containing monooxygenases in the liver. Choline, l-carnitine, betaine, and other TMA-containing compounds are the major dietary precursors of TMA. TMAO can also be absorbed directly from the gastrointestinal tract after the intake of TMAO-rich foods such as fish and shellfish. Thus, diet is an important factor as it provides the nutritional precursors to eventually produce TMAO. A number of studies have attempted to associate circulating TMAO levels with the consumption of diets rich in these foods. On the other hand, there is growing interest for the development of novel food ingredients that reduce either the TMAO-induced damage or the endogenous TMAO levels through the interference with microbiota and host metabolic processes involved in TMAO pathway. Such novel functional food ingredients would offer great opportunities to control circulating TMAO levels or its effects, and potentially contribute to decrease cardiovascular risk. In this review we summarize and discuss current data regarding the effects of TMA precursors-enriched foods or diets on circulating TMAO levels, and recent findings regarding the circulating TMAO-lowering effects of specific foods, food constituents and phytochemicals found in herbs, individually or in extracts, and their potential beneficial effect for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simó
- Molecular Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Balea ŞS, Pârvu AE, Pârvu M, Vlase L, Dehelean CA, Pop TI. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Effects of the Vitis vinifera L. var. Fetească Neagră and Pinot Noir Pomace Extracts. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:990. [PMID: 32719600 PMCID: PMC7348048 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of inflammation and oxidative stress generated during different types of cancers and anticancer treatments is well documented. Traditionally, grape pomace is used for animal feed, organic fertilizers, ethanol production or is disposed as waste. Because grape pomace is a rich source of antioxidant compounds, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects of fresh and fermented grape pomace extracts of two Vitis vinifera L. varieties Fetească neagră and Pinot noir cultivated in Romania. Firstly, grape pomace phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant tests were performed. Secondly, the effect of a seven-day pretreatment with grape pomace extracts on the turpentine oil-induced inflammation in rats was assessed by measuring total oxidative status, total antioxidant response, oxidative stress index, malondialdehyde, total thiols, nitric oxide and 3-nitrotyrosine. Thirdly, the antiproliferative properties were evaluated on human lung carcinoma (A549), human breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231), murine melanoma (B164A5), and keratinocyte (HaCat) cell lines. Fetească neagră and Pinot noir grape pomace extracts have a rich content of polyphenols and in vitro antioxidant effect. Fermented samples had higher polyphenol content, but fresh samples had better antioxidant activity. Pretreatment with grape pomace extracts reduced inflammation-induced oxidative stress in a concentration-dependent way, fresh samples being more efficient. The malignant cells' proliferation was inhibited by all grape pomace extracts, fermented Fetească neagră extracts having the strongest effect. Conclusion: fresh and fermented pomace extracts of Vitis vinifera L. varieties Fetească neagră and Pinot noir cultivated in a Romanian wine region have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ştefania Silvia Balea
- Department of Horticulture and Landscaping, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Elena Pârvu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marcel Pârvu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Tiberia Ioana Pop
- Department of Technical and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Barrea L, Annunziata G, Bordoni L, Muscogiuri G, Colao A, Savastano S. Nutrigenetics-personalized nutrition in obesity and cardiovascular diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2020; 10:1-13. [PMID: 32714508 PMCID: PMC7371677 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-020-0014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data support the view that both obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for a high proportion of total morbidity and mortality in adults throughout the world. Obesity and CVD have complex interplay mechanisms of genetic and environmental factors, including diet. Nutrition is an environmental factor and it has a predominant and recognizable role in health management and in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related diseases, including CVD. However, there is a marked variation in CVD in patients with obesity and the same dietary pattern. The different genetic polymorphisms could explain this variation, which leads to the emergence of the concept of nutrigenetics. Nutritional genomics or nutrigenetics is the science that studies and characterizes gene variants associated with differential response to specific nutrients and relating this variation to various diseases, such as CVD related to obesity. Thus, the personalized nutrition recommendations, based on the knowledge of an individual's genetic background, might improve the outcomes of a specific dietary intervention and represent a new dietary approach to improve health, reducing obesity and CVD. Given these premises, it is intuitive to suppose that the elucidation of diet and gene interactions could support more specific and effective dietary interventions in both obesity and CVD prevention through personalized nutrition based on nutrigenetics. This review aims to briefly summarize the role of the most important genes associated with obesity and CVD and to clarify the knowledge about the relation between nutrition and gene expression and the role of the main nutrition-related genes in obesity and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Macerata Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - on behalf of Obesity Programs of nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment (OPERA) Group
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Macerata Italy
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Grape Polyphenols Ameliorate Muscle Decline Reducing Oxidative Stress and Oxidative Damage in Aged Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051280. [PMID: 32365992 PMCID: PMC7282008 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies have demonstrated the implication of oxidative stress (OxS) in the pathogenesis of ageing-related muscle decline and atrophy. The key mechanism is related to the OxS-induced production of free radicals, with the consequent increase in oxidative damage, resulting in affected muscle quality and strength. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a grape polyphenol-based nutraceutical formulation (Taurisolo®) in reducing the OxS in muscle of aged rats. A group of 16 aged (20 months) rats were orally administered with Taurisolo® (n = 8; 100 mg/kg Taurisolo®) or placebo (n = 8; 50 mg/kg maltodextrin); an additional group of eight young (three months) rats were also treated with placebo. All the treatments were orally administered for 30 days. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrotyrosine (N-Tyr) and the expression of OxS- and inflammation-related genes were evaluated on the gastrocnemius muscle. In muscle samples of the treated-group, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, reduced MDA and N-Tyr levels and increased expression of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes were observed in respect to the placebo. Data herein presented suggest that the chronic treatment with Taurisolo® significantly reduces oxidative damage and improves muscle performance in aged rats.
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Microencapsulation as a tool to counteract the typical low bioavailability of polyphenols in the management of diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 139:111248. [PMID: 32156568 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are secondary metabolites widely distributed in many plant foods, such a tea, coffee, chocolate and fruits. The consumption of these compounds is related to the improvement or amelioration of many diseases, including diabetes. Nevertheless, the great barrier to the therapeutic use of polyphenols is the low bioavailability of these compounds once ingested. For that reason, the encapsulation of polyphenols in different matrices may protect them from digestion and improve their release and subsequent absorption to obtain target-specific health effects. Some studies have reported the beneficial effect of encapsulation to increase both bioavailability and bioaccessibility. However, these works have mostly been carried out in vitro and few studies are specifically addressed at improving diabetes. In the current work, an overview of the knowledge related to nanoparticles and their use in the diabetic condition has been reviewed.
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Di Minno A, Stornaiuolo M, Novellino E. Molecular Scavengers, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1895. [PMID: 31698880 PMCID: PMC6912233 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of deaths worldwide, with yearly deaths due to atherothrombosis-i [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (E.N.)
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Castaldo L, Narváez A, Izzo L, Graziani G, Gaspari A, Di Minno G, Ritieni A. Red Wine Consumption and Cardiovascular Health. Molecules 2019; 24:E3626. [PMID: 31597344 PMCID: PMC6804046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wine is a popular alcoholic beverage that has been consumed for hundreds of years. Benefits from moderate alcohol consumption have been widely supported by the scientific literature and, in this line, red wine intake has been related to a lesser risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Experimental studies and meta-analyses have mainly attributed this outcome to the presence in red wine of a great variety of polyphenolic compounds such as resveratrol, catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and anthocyanin. Resveratrol is considered the most effective wine compound with respect to the prevention of CHD because of its antioxidant properties. The mechanisms responsible for its putative cardioprotective effects would include changes in lipid profiles, reduction of insulin resistance, and decrease in oxidative stress of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The aim of this review is to summarize the accumulated evidence correlating moderate red wine consumption with prevention of CHD by focusing on the different mechanisms underlying this relationship. Furthermore, the chemistry of wine as well as chemical factors that influence the composition of the bioactive components of red wine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Castaldo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.); (L.I.); (G.G.); (A.G.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alfonso Narváez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.); (L.I.); (G.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Luana Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.); (L.I.); (G.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.); (L.I.); (G.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Gaspari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.); (L.I.); (G.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Giovanni Di Minno
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.); (L.I.); (G.G.); (A.G.)
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