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Martins IRR, de Melo Medeiros M, Vasconcelos LHC, Silva MDCC, Queiroga FR, Cavalcante-Silva LHA, da Costa Nunes IK, Lima LM, da Silva PM, Silva BAD. New phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors present airways relaxant activity in a guinea pig acute asthma model. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4419-4434. [PMID: 38108836 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a disease characterized by chronic inflammation and hyper responsiveness of airways. We aimed to assess the relaxant potential of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors N-sulfonilhidrazonic derivatives on non-asthmatic and asthmatic guinea pig trachea. Firstly, guinea pigs were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin, and then morphological, and contractile changes were evaluated resulting from asthma, followed by evaluation of relaxant effect of derivatives on guinea pig trachea and the cAMP levels measurement by ELISA. It has been evidenced hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle, inflammatory infiltrate, and vascular abnormalities. Moreover, only sensitized tracheal rings were responsive to OVA. Contractile response to histamine, but not to carbachol, was greater in sensitized animals, however the relaxant response to aminophylline and isoprenaline were the same in non-asthmatics and asthmatics. N-sulfonilhidrazonic derivatives presented equipotent relaxant action independent of epithelium, with exception of LASSBio-1850 that presented a low efficacy (< 50%) and LASSBio-1847 with a 4-fold higher potency on asthmatics. LASSBio-1847 relaxant curve was impaired in the presence of propranolol and potentiated by isoprenaline in both groups. Furthermore, relaxation was potentiated 54- and 4-fold by forskolin in non-asthmatics and asthmatics, respectively. Likewise, LASSBio-1847 potentiated relaxant curve of aminophylline 147- and 4-fold in both groups. The PKA inhibitor H-89 impaired the relaxant potency of the derivative. Finally, LASSBio-1847 increased tracheal intracellular cAMP levels similarly to rolipram, selective PDE4 inhibitor, in both animals. LASSBio-1847 showed to be promising to relax guinea pig trachea from non-sensitized and sensitized guinea pigs by activation of β2-adrenergic receptors/AC/cAMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo Rossi Roseno Martins
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Funcional Professor George Thomas, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
- Departamento de Medicina, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Picos, PI, 64607-670, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Millena de Melo Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Funcional Professor George Thomas, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique César Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Funcional Professor George Thomas, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Maria da Conceição Correia Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Funcional Professor George Thomas, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- PostDoc Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/Fundação de Amparo a Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ramos Queiroga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Invertebrados, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Isabelle Karine da Costa Nunes
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio ®), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lidia Moreira Lima
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio ®), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Mirella da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Invertebrados, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia Araújo da Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Funcional Professor George Thomas, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Latorre RV, Calicchia M, Bigliardi M, Conti J, Kleinfelder K, Melotti P, Sorio C. Functional rescue of CFTR in rectal organoids from patients carrying R334W variant by CFTR modulators and PDE4 inhibitor Roflumilast. Respir Investig 2024; 62:455-461. [PMID: 38547757 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many disease-causing variants in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene remain uncharacterized and untreated. Restoring the function of the impaired CFTR protein is the goal of personalized medicine, particularly in patients carrying rare CFTR variants. In this study, functional defects related to the rare R334W variant were evaluated after treatment with CFTR modulators or Roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor (PDE4i). METHODS Rectal organoids from subjects with R334W/2184insA and R334W/2183AA > G genotypes were used to perform the Forskolin-induced swelling (FIS) assay. Organoids were left drug-untreated or treated with modulators VX-770 (I), VX-445 (E), and VX-661 (T) mixed, and their combination (ETI). Roflumilast (R) was used alone or as a combination of I + R. RESULTS Our data show a significant increase in FIS rate following treatment with I alone. The combined use of modulators, such as ETI, did not increase further swelling than I alone, nor in protein maturation. Treatment with R shows an increase in FIS response similar to those of I, and the combination R + I significantly increases the rescue of CFTR activity. CONCLUSIONS Equivalent I and ETI treatment efficacy was observed for both genotypes. Furthermore, significant organoid swelling was observed with combined I + R used that supports the recently published data describing a potentiating effect of only I in patients carrying the variant R334W and, at the same time, corroborating the role of strategies that include PDE4 inhibitors further to potentiate the effect of I for this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Valeria Latorre
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Division of General Pathology, Cystic Fibrosis Laboratory D. Lissandrini, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Martina Calicchia
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Division of General Pathology, Cystic Fibrosis Laboratory D. Lissandrini, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Martina Bigliardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Division of General Pathology, Cystic Fibrosis Laboratory D. Lissandrini, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Jessica Conti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Division of General Pathology, Cystic Fibrosis Laboratory D. Lissandrini, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Karina Kleinfelder
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Division of General Pathology, Cystic Fibrosis Laboratory D. Lissandrini, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Melotti
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Sorio
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Division of General Pathology, Cystic Fibrosis Laboratory D. Lissandrini, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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Chen PJ, Chen SH, Chen YL, Wang YH, Lin CY, Chen CH, Tsai YF, Hwang TL. Ribociclib leverages phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition in the treatment of neutrophilic inflammation and acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00119-X. [PMID: 38548264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overwhelming neutrophil activation and oxidative stress significantly contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pathogenesis. However, the potential of repurposing ribociclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor used clinically in cancer treatment, for treating neutrophilic ARDS remains uncertain. This study illustrated the ability and underlying mechanism of ribociclib for treating ARDS and neutrophilic inflammation. METHODS Primary human neutrophils were used to determine the therapeutic effects of ribociclib on respiratory bursts, chemotactic responses, and inflammatory signaling. In vitro and silico analyses were performed to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. The potential of ribociclib repurposing was evaluated using an in vivo ARDS model in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed mice. RESULTS We found that treatment using ribociclib markedly limited overabundant oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species [ROS]) production and chemotactic responses (integrin levels and adhesion) in activated human neutrophils. Ribociclib was also shown to act as a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), thereby promoting the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, leading to the inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, and calcium influx. Notably, prophylactic administration and post-treatment with ribociclib ameliorated neutrophil infiltration, lung inflammation, accumulation of oxidative stress, pulmonary destruction, and mortality in mice with LPS-induced ARDS. CONCLUSION We demonstrated for the first time that ribociclib serves as a novel PDE4 inhibitor for treating neutrophilic inflammation and ARDS. The repurposing ribociclib and targeting neutrophilic PDE4 offer a potential off-label alternative for treating lung lesions and other inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Hua Chen
- Departmentof Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Chen
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333324, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333324, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333324, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333324, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333324, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333324, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333324, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
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Mikheil D, Larsen MA, Hsiao K, Murray NH, Ugo T, Wang H, Goueli SA. A bioluminescent and homogeneous assay for monitoring GPCR-mediated cAMP modulation and PDE activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4440. [PMID: 38396287 PMCID: PMC10891162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
3',5'-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the first identified second messenger, is implicated in diverse cellular processes involving cellular metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, and gene expression. cAMP is synthesized by adenylyl cyclase (AC), which converts ATP to cAMP upon activation of Gαs-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in most cases and hydrolyzed by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) to 5'-AMP. Dysregulation of cAMP signaling is implicated in a wide range of pathophysiological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative and behavioral disorders, cancers, diabetes, obesity, cataracts, and others. Therefore, cAMP targeted therapies have been and are still undergoing intense investigation for the treatment of these and other diseases. This highlights the need for developing assays to detect and monitor cAMP levels. In this study, we show cAMP Lumit assay as a highly specific homogeneous bioluminescent assay suitable for high throughput screenings with a large assay window and a wide dynamic range for cAMP detection. We believe that this assay will aid and simplify drug discovery screening efforts for cAMP signaling targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dareen Mikheil
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Matthew A Larsen
- Promega Biosciences, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93401, USA
| | - Kevin Hsiao
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Nathan H Murray
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Tim Ugo
- Promega Biosciences, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93401, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Promega Biosciences, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93401, USA
| | - Said A Goueli
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.
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Matthews RM, Bradley E, Hollywood MA, Lundy FT, McGarvey LP, Sergeant GP, Thornbury KD. Modulation of fast sodium current in airway smooth muscle cells by exchange protein directly activated by cAMP. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1-C9. [PMID: 37955124 PMCID: PMC11192474 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00417.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells from mouse bronchus express a fast sodium current mediated by NaV1.7. We present evidence that this current is regulated by cAMP. ASM cells were isolated by enzymatic dispersal and studied using the whole cell patch clamp technique at room temperature. A fast sodium current, INa, was observed on holding cells under voltage clamp at -100 mV and stepping to -20 mV. This current was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by denopamine (10 and 30 µM), a β-adrenergic agonist. Forskolin (1 µM), an activator of adenylate cyclase, reduced the current by 35%, but 6-MB-cAMP (300 µM), an activator of protein kinase A (PKA), had no effect. In contrast, 8-pCPT-2-O-Me-cAMP-AM (007-AM, 10 µM), an activator of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac), reduced the current by 48%. The inhibitory effect of 007-AM was still observed in the presence of dantrolene (10 µM), an inhibitor of ryanodine receptors, and when cytosolic [Ca2+] was buffered by inclusion of 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, Sigma (BAPTA) (50 µM) in the pipette solution, suggesting that the inhibition of INa was not due to Ca2+-release from intracellular stores. When 007-AM was tested on the current-voltage relationship, it reduced the current at potentials from -30 to 0 mV, but had no effect on the steady-state activation curve. However, the steady-state inactivation V1/2, the voltage causing inactivation of 50% of the current, was shifted in the negative direction from -76.6 mV to -89.7 mV. These findings suggest that cAMP regulates INa in mouse ASM via Epac, but not PKA.NEW & NOTEWORTHY β-adrenergic agonists are commonly used in inhalers to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These work by causing bronchodilation and reducing inflammation. The present study provides evidence that these drugs have an additional action, namely, to reduce sodium influx into airway smooth muscle cells via fast voltage-dependent channels. This may have the dual effect of promoting bronchodilation and reducing remodeling of the airways, which has a detrimental effect in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M. Matthews
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Eamonn Bradley
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Mark A. Hollywood
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala T. Lundy
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lorcan P. McGarvey
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard P. Sergeant
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Keith D. Thornbury
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
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Shakeel I, Ashraf A, Afzal M, Sohal SS, Islam A, Kazim SN, Hassan MI. The Molecular Blueprint for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A New Paradigm for Diagnosis and Therapeutics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:2297559. [PMID: 38155869 PMCID: PMC10754640 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2297559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The global prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has increased over the last decade and has emerged as the third leading cause of death worldwide. It is characterized by emphysema with prolonged airflow limitation. COPD patients are more susceptible to COVID-19 and increase the disease severity about four times. The most used drugs to treat it show numerous side effects, including immune suppression and infection. This review discusses a narrative opinion and critical review of COPD. We present different aspects of the disease, from cellular and inflammatory responses to cigarette smoking in COPD and signaling pathways. In addition, we highlighted various risk factors for developing COPD apart from smoking, like occupational exposure, pollutants, genetic factors, gender, etc. After the recent elucidation of the underlying inflammatory signaling pathways in COPD, new molecular targeted drug candidates for COPD are signal-transmitting substances. We further summarize recent developments in biomarker discovery for COPD and its implications for disease diagnosis. In addition, we discuss novel drug targets for COPD that could be explored for drug development and subsequent clinical management of cardiovascular disease and COVID-19, commonly associated with COPD. Our extensive analysis of COPD cause, etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic will provide a better understanding of the disease and the development of effective therapeutic options. In-depth knowledge of the underlying mechanism will offer deeper insights into identifying novel molecular targets for developing potent therapeutics and biomarkers of disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilma Shakeel
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anam Ashraf
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Syed Naqui Kazim
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
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Datsyuk JK, Paudel KR, Rajput R, Kokkinis S, El Sherkawi T, Singh SK, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Yeung S, Hansbro PM, Oliver BGG, Santos HA, Dua K, De Rubis G. Emerging applications and prospects of NFκB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides in managing respiratory diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 385:110737. [PMID: 37774998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases like asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) have been a burden to society for an extended period. Currently, there are only preventative treatments in the form of mono- or multiple-drug therapy available to patients who need to utilize it daily. Hence, throughout the years there has been a substantial amount of research in understanding what causes inflammation in the context of these diseases. For example, the transcription factor NFκB has a pivotal role in causing chronic inflammation. Subsequent research has been exploring ways to block the activation of NFκB as a potential therapeutic strategy for many inflammatory diseases. One of the possible ways through which this is probable is the utilisation of decoy oligodeoxynucleotides, which are synthetic, short, single-stranded DNA fragments that mimic the consensus binding site of a targeted transcription factor, thereby functionally inactivating it. However, limitations to the implementation of decoy oligodeoxynucleotides include their rapid degradation by intracellular nucleases and the lack of targeted tissue specificity. An advantageous approach to overcome these limitations involves using nanoparticles as a vessel for drug delivery. In this review, all of those key elements will be explored as to how they come together as an application to treat chronic inflammation in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Katrine Datsyuk
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Rashi Rajput
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sofia Kokkinis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Tammam El Sherkawi
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Stewart Yeung
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Brian Gregory George Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands; W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
| | - Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Latli B, Hrapchak MJ, Tampone TG, Frutos RP, Lee H. Carbon 14 and stable isotope synthesis of two potent and selective phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2023; 66:353-361. [PMID: 37487707 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
(R)-2-(4-(Benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine 5-oxide (1) and (R)-2-(4-(4-chlorophenoxy)piperidin-1-yl)-4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine 5-oxide (2) are two potent and selective inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4). In this manuscript, we report the detailed synthesis of these two compounds labeled with carbon 14 and with stable isotopes. The core (R)-4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine 5-oxide is common in both inhibitors. In the radioactive synthesis, the carbon 14 atom was introduced in the benzoxazole moiety using [14 C]carbon disulfide to obtain [14 C]-1 in five steps at a 55% overall yield. [14 C]Urea was used to incorporate the carbon 14 atom in two steps in the dihydrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine intermediate, which was then transformed in four more steps to [14 C]-2 at a 30% overall yield. Both compounds were isolated with specific activities higher than 54 mCi/mmol, radio- and chemical-purities higher than 99%, and with excellent enantiomeric excess. In the stable isotope synthesis, [2 H8 ]piperazine was used to prepare [2 H8 ]-1 in three steps in 72% overall yield, while [13 C6 ]phenol was used to prepare [13 C6 ]-2 in four steps in 18% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachir Latli
- The Radiosynthesis Laboratory, Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Matt J Hrapchak
- The Radiosynthesis Laboratory, Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas G Tampone
- The Radiosynthesis Laboratory, Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rogelio P Frutos
- The Radiosynthesis Laboratory, Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Heewon Lee
- The Radiosynthesis Laboratory, Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
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9
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Maher TM, Assassi S, Azuma A, Cottin V, Hoffmann-Vold AM, Kreuter M, Oldham JM, Richeldi L, Valenzuela C, Wijsenbeek MS, Coeck C, Schlecker C, Voss F, Wachtlin D, Martinez FJ. Design of a phase III, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of BI 1015550 in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis (FIBRONEER-ILD). BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:e001580. [PMID: 37709661 PMCID: PMC10503394 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) includes any diagnosis of progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, disease progression appears comparable between PPF and IPF, suggesting a similar underlying pathology relating to pulmonary fibrosis. Following positive results in a phase II study in IPF, this phase III study will investigate the efficacy and safety of BI 1015550 in patients with PPF (FIBRONEER-ILD). METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, patients are being randomised 1:1:1 to receive BI 1015550 (9 mg or 18 mg) or placebo twice daily over at least 52 weeks, stratified by background nintedanib use. Patients must be diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis other than IPF that is progressive, based on predefined criteria. Patients must have forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥45% predicted and haemoglobin-corrected diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide ≥25% predicted. Patients must be receiving nintedanib for at least 12 weeks, or not receiving nintedanib for at least 8 weeks, prior to screening. Patients on stable treatment with permitted immunosuppressives (eg, methotrexate, azathioprine) may continue their treatment throughout the trial. Patients with clinically significant airway obstruction or other pulmonary abnormalities, and those using immunosuppressives that may confound FVC results (cyclophosphamide, tocilizumab, mycophenolate, rituximab) or high-dose steroids will be excluded. The primary endpoint is absolute change from baseline in FVC (mL) at week 52. The key secondary endpoint is time to the first occurrence of any acute ILD exacerbation, hospitalisation for respiratory cause or death, over the duration of the trial. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The trial is being carried out in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, the International Council on Harmonisation Guideline for Good Clinical Practice and other local ethics committees. The study results will be disseminated at scientific congresses and in peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05321082.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby M Maher
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development, Imperial College London National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
| | - Shervin Assassi
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Arata Azuma
- Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Research Centre, Meisei Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Vincent Cottin
- Service de pneumologie, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Centre de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, iNRAE, member of ERN-LUNG, Lyon, France
| | | | - Michael Kreuter
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Pneumology, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justin M Oldham
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Valenzuela
- ILD Unit, Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, University Autonomade Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marlies S Wijsenbeek
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carl Coeck
- Boehringer Ingelheim SComm, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Florian Voss
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Daniel Wachtlin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
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10
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Koudstaal T, Wijsenbeek MS. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Presse Med 2023; 52:104166. [PMID: 37156412 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2023.104166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive devastating lung disease with substantial morbidity. It is associated with cough, dyspnea and impaired quality of life. If left untreated, IPF has a median survival of 3 years. IPF affects ∼3 million people worldwide, with increasing incidence in older patients. The current concept of pathogenesis is that pulmonary fibrosis results from repetitive injury to the lung epithelium, with fibroblast accumulation, myofibroblast activation, and deposition of matrix. These injuries, in combination with innate and adaptive immune responses, dysregulated wound repair and fibroblast dysfunction, lead to recurring tissue remodeling and self-perpetuating fibrosis as seen in IPF. The diagnostic approach includes the exclusion of other interstitial lung diseases or underlying conditions and depends on a multidisciplinary team-based discussion combining radiological and clinical features and well as in some cases histology. In the last decade, considerable progress has been made in the understanding of IPF clinical management, with the availability of two drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, that decrease pulmonary lung function decline. However, current IPF therapies only slow disease progression and prognosis remains poor. Fortunately, there are multiple clinical trials ongoing with potential new therapies targeting different disease pathways. This review provides an overview of IPF epidemiology, current insights in pathophysiology, diagnostic and therapeutic management approaches. Finally, a detailed description of current and evolving therapeutic approaches is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koudstaal
- Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases and Sarcoidosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marlies S Wijsenbeek
- Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases and Sarcoidosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Richeldi L, Azuma A, Cottin V, Kreuter M, Maher TM, Martinez FJ, Oldham JM, Valenzuela C, Gordat M, Liu Y, Stowasser S, Zoz DF, Wijsenbeek MS. Design of a phase III, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of BI 1015550 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (FIBRONEER-IPF). BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:e001563. [PMID: 37597969 PMCID: PMC10441083 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThere is an unmet need for new treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The oral preferential phosphodiesterase 4B inhibitor, BI 1015550, prevented a decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) in a phase II study in patients with IPF. This study design describes the subsequent pivotal phase III study of BI 1015550 in patients with IPF (FIBRONEER-IPF). METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase III trial, patients are being randomised in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive 9 mg or 18 mg of BI 1015550 or placebo two times per day over at least 52 weeks, stratified by use of background antifibrotics (nintedanib/pirfenidone vs neither). The primary endpoint is the absolute change in FVC at week 52. The key secondary endpoint is a composite of time to first acute IPF exacerbation, hospitalisation due to respiratory cause or death over the duration of the trial. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The trial is being carried out in compliance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, in accordance with the International Council on Harmonisation Guideline for Good Clinical Practice and other local ethics committees. The results of the study will be disseminated at scientific congresses and in peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05321069.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Richeldi
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Arata Azuma
- Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Research Centre, Meisei Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Vincent Cottin
- Hôpital Louis Pradel, Centre Coordonnateur National de référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hospices Civils de Lyon, UMR754, INRAE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Member of ERN-LUNG, Lyon, France
| | - Michael Kreuter
- Centre for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Pneumology, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, RKH Clinic Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | - Toby M Maher
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Justin M Oldham
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Claudia Valenzuela
- ILD Unit, Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maud Gordat
- Clinical Development & Operation Department, Boehringer Ingelheim, Reims, France
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Susanne Stowasser
- TA Inflammation Med, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Donald F Zoz
- Global Clinical Development and Medical Affairs, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marlies S Wijsenbeek
- Centre for Interstitial Lung Diseases and Sarcoidosis, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Barresi E, Robello M, Baglini E, Poggetti V, Viviano M, Salerno S, Da Settimo F, Taliani S. Indol-3-ylglyoxylamide as Privileged Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:997. [PMID: 37513909 PMCID: PMC10386336 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, indolylglyoxylamide-based derivatives have received much attention due to their application in drug design and discovery, leading to the development of a wide array of compounds that have shown a variety of pharmacological activities. Combining the indole nucleus, already validated as a "privileged structure," with the glyoxylamide function allowed for an excellent template to be obtained that is suitable to a great number of structural modifications aimed at permitting interaction with specific molecular targets and producing desirable therapeutic effects. The present review provides insight into how medicinal chemists have elegantly exploited the indolylglyoxylamide moiety to obtain potentially useful drugs, with a particular focus on compounds exhibiting activity in in vivo models or reaching clinical trials. All in all, this information provides exciting new perspectives on existing data that can be useful in further design of indolylglyoxylamide-based molecules with interesting pharmacological profiles. The aim of this report is to present an update of collection data dealing with the employment of this moiety in the rational design of compounds that are able to interact with a specific target, referring to the last 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Barresi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Robello
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emma Baglini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Poggetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Viviano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silvia Salerno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Jeong MH, Urquhart G, Lewis C, Chi Z, Jewell JL. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4D suppresses mTORC1 signaling and pancreatic cancer growth. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e158098. [PMID: 37427586 PMCID: PMC10371348 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) senses multiple upstream stimuli to orchestrate anabolic and catabolic events that regulate cell growth and metabolism. Hyperactivation of mTORC1 signaling is observed in multiple human diseases; thus, pathways that suppress mTORC1 signaling may help to identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we report that phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) promotes pancreatic cancer tumor growth by increasing mTORC1 signaling. GPCRs paired to Gαs proteins activate adenylyl cyclase, which in turn elevates levels of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), whereas PDEs catalyze the hydrolysis of cAMP to 5'-AMP. PDE4D forms a complex with mTORC1 and is required for mTORC1 lysosomal localization and activation. Inhibition of PDE4D and the elevation of cAMP levels block mTORC1 signaling via Raptor phosphorylation. Moreover, pancreatic cancer exhibits an upregulation of PDE4D expression, and high PDE4D levels predict the poor overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Importantly, FDA-approved PDE4 inhibitors repress pancreatic cancer cell tumor growth in vivo by suppressing mTORC1 signaling. Our results identify PDE4D as an important activator of mTORC1 and suggest that targeting PDE4 with FDA-approved inhibitors may be beneficial for the treatment of human diseases with hyperactivated mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and
| | - Greg Urquhart
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and
| | | | - Zhikai Chi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jenna L Jewell
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and
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14
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Cazzola M, Hanania NA, Page CP, Matera MG. Novel Anti-Inflammatory Approaches to COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:1333-1352. [PMID: 37408603 PMCID: PMC10318108 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s419056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation, driven by different types of inflammatory cells and mediators, plays a fundamental role in COPD and its progression. Neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are key players in this process, although the extent of their participation varies according to the patient's endotype. Anti-inflammatory medications may modify the natural history and progression of COPD. However, since airway inflammation in COPD is relatively resistant to corticosteroid therapy, innovative pharmacological anti-inflammatory approaches are required. The heterogeneity of inflammatory cells and mediators in annethe different COPD endo-phenotypes requires the development of specific pharmacologic agents. Indeed, over the past two decades, several mechanisms that influence the influx and/or activity of inflammatory cells in the airways and lung parenchyma have been identified. Several of these molecules have been tested in vitro models and in vivo in laboratory animals, but only a few have been studied in humans. Although early studies have not been encouraging, useful information emerged suggesting that some of these agents may need to be further tested in specific subgroups of patients, hopefully leading to a more personalized approach to treating COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola A Hanania
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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15
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Murabito A, Bhatt J, Ghigo A. It Takes Two to Tango! Protein-Protein Interactions behind cAMP-Mediated CFTR Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10538. [PMID: 37445715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last fifteen years, with the approval of the first molecular treatments, a breakthrough era has begun for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), the rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). These molecules, known as CFTR modulators, have led to unprecedented improvements in the lung function and quality of life of most CF patients. However, the efficacy of these drugs is still suboptimal, and the clinical response is highly variable even among individuals bearing the same mutation. Furthermore, not all patients carrying rare CFTR mutations are eligible for CFTR modulator therapies, indicating the need for alternative and/or add-on therapeutic approaches. Because the second messenger 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) represents the primary trigger for CFTR activation and a major regulator of different steps of the life cycle of the channel, there is growing interest in devising ways to fine-tune the cAMP signaling pathway for therapeutic purposes. This review article summarizes current knowledge regarding the role of cAMP signalosomes, i.e., multiprotein complexes bringing together key enzymes of the cAMP pathway, in the regulation of CFTR function, and discusses how modulating this signaling cascade could be leveraged for therapeutic intervention in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Murabito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Janki Bhatt
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Kither Biotech S.r.l., 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Kither Biotech S.r.l., 10126 Torino, Italy
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16
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Stolfa I, Page C. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors and lung diseases. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 98:55-81. [PMID: 37524492 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase enzymes (PDE) have long been known as regulators of cAMP and cGMP, second messengers involved in various signaling pathways and expressed in a variety of cell types implicated in respiratory diseases such as airway smooth muscle and inflammatory cells making them a key target for the treatment of lung diseases as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension (PH). The first reported PDE inhibitor was the xanthine, theophylline, described as a non-specific PDE inhibitor and whilst this drug is effective, it also has a range of unwanted side effects. In an attempt to improve the therapeutic window of xanthines, a number of selective PDE inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of respiratory diseases with only the selective PDE 4 inhibitor, roflumilast, being approved for the treatment of severe COPD. However, roflumilast also has a very narrow therapeutic window due to a number of important doses limiting side effects, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. However, there continues to be research carried out in this field to identify improved selective PDE inhibitors, both by targeting other PDE subtypes (e.g., PDE 7 found in a number of inflammatory and immune cells) and through development of selective PDE inhibitors for pulmonary administration to reduce systemic exposure and improve the side effect profile. This approach has been exemplified by the development of ensifentrine, a dual PDE 3-PDE 4 inhibitor, an inhaled drug that has recently completed two successful Phase III clinical trials in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Stolfa
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College, London, United Kingdom.
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17
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Wójcik-Pszczoła K, Pociecha K, Chłoń-Rzepa G, Zadrożna M, Nowak B, Plutecka H, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Przejczowska-Pomierny K, Pękala E, Gosens R, Wyska E. Inhaled pan-phosphodiesterase inhibitors ameliorate ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and remodeling in murine model of allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110264. [PMID: 37159965 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous, chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation and remodeling. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors represent one of the intensively studied groups of potential anti-asthmatic agents due to their affecting both airway inflammation and remodeling. However, the effect of inhaled pan-PDE inhibitors on allergen induced asthma has not been reported to date. In this study we investigated the impact of two, representative strong pan-PDE inhibitors from the group of 7,8-disubstituted derivatives of 1,3-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione: compound 38 and 145, on airway inflammation and remodeling in murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged allergic asthma. Female Balb/c mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA, 38 and 145 were administrated by inhalation, before each OVA challenge. The inhaled pan-PDE inhibitors markedly reduced the OVA-induced airway inflammatory cell infiltration, eosinophil recruitment, Th2 cytokine level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as both, total and OVA-specific IgE levels in plasma. In addition, inhaled 38 and 145 decreased many typical features of airway remodeling, including goblet cell metaplasia, mucus hypersecretion, collagen overproduction and deposition, as well as Tgfb1, VEGF, and α-SMA expression in airways of allergen challenged mice. We also demonstrated that both 38 and 145 alleviate airway inflammation and remodelling by inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway activated in OVA-challenged mice. Taken together, these results suggest that the investigated pan-PDE inhibitors administered by inhalation are dual acting agents targeting both airway inflammation and remodeling in OVA-challenged allergic asthma and may represent promising, anti-asthmatic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wójcik-Pszczoła
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Zadrożna
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Cytobiology, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Cytobiology, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Hanna Plutecka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Skawińska 8, 31-066 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Przejczowska-Pomierny
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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18
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Zorn A, Baillie G. Phosphodiesterase 7 as a therapeutic target - Where are we now? Cell Signal 2023; 108:110689. [PMID: 37120115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes that hydrolyse the intracellular second messengers cAMP and cGMP to their inactive forms 5'AMP and 5'GMP. Some members of the PDE family display specificity towards a single cyclic nucleotide messenger, and PDE4, PDE7, and PDE8 specifically hydrolyse cAMP. While the role of PDE4 and its use as a therapeutic target have been well studied, less is known about PDE7 and PDE8. This review aims to collate the present knowledge on human PDE7 and outline its potential use as a therapeutic target. Human PDE7 exists as two isoforms PDE7A and PDE7B that display different expression patterns but are predominantly found in the central nervous system, immune cells, and lymphoid tissue. As a result, PDE7 is thought to play a role in T cell activation and proliferation, inflammation, and regulate several physiological processes in the central nervous system, such as neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and long-term memory formation. Increased expression and activity of PDE7 has been detected in several disease states, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease, autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and COPD, and several types of cancer. Early studies have shown that administration of PDE7 inhibitors may ameliorate the clinical state of these diseases. Targeting PDE7 may therefore provide a novel therapeutic strategy for targeting a broad range of disease and possibly provide a complementary alternative to inhibitors of other cAMP-selective PDEs, such as PDE4, which are severely limited by their side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Zorn
- University of Glasgow, 535 Wolfson Link Building, G12 8QQ Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - George Baillie
- University of Glasgow, 535 Wolfson Link Building, G12 8QQ Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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19
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Desouky MA, George MY, Michel HE, Elsherbiny DA. Roflumilast escalates α-synuclein aggregate degradation in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in rats: Modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 379:110491. [PMID: 37105514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Perturbation of the protein homeostasis circuit is one of the principal attributes associated with many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of roflumilast (ROF), a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, in a rotenone-induced rat model of PD and investigate the potential underlying mechanisms. Interestingly, ROF (1 mg/kg, p.o.) attenuated motor impairment, prevented brain lesions, and rescued the dopaminergic neurons in rotenone-treated rats. Furthermore, it reduced misfolded α-synuclein burden. ROF also promoted the midbrain cyclic adenosine monophosphate level, which subsequently enhanced the 26S proteasome activity and the expression of the 20S proteasome. ROF counteracted rotenone-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, which was demonstrated by its impact on activating transcription factor 6, glucose-regulated protein 78, and C/EBP homologous protein levels. Moreover, ROF averted rotenone-induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by its effects on the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, reduced glutathione, and lipid peroxides with a significant anti-apoptotic activity. Collectively, this study implies repurposing of ROF as a novel neuroprotective drug owning to its ability to restore normal protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Desouky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mina Y George
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haidy E Michel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Doaa A Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Youn C, Dikeman DA, Chang E, Liu H, Nolan SJ, Alphonse MP, Joyce DP, Liu Q, Meixiong J, Dong X, Miller LS, Archer NK. Crisaborole efficacy in murine models of skin inflammation and Staphylococcus aureus infection. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:425-435. [PMID: 36461082 PMCID: PMC10066830 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is highly expressed in keratinocytes and immune cells and promotes pro-inflammatory responses upon activation. The activity of PDE4 has been attributed to various inflammatory conditions, leading to the development and approval of PDE4 inhibitors as host-directed therapeutics in humans. For example, the topical PDE4 inhibitor, crisaborole, is approved for the treatment of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis and has shown efficacy in patients with psoriasis. However, the role of crisaborole in regulating the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases and infection is not entirely known. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of crisaborole in multiple mouse models, including psoriasis-like dermatitis, AD-like skin inflammation with and without filaggrin mutations, and Staphylococcus aureus skin infection. We discovered that crisaborole dampens myeloid cells and itch in the skin during psoriasis-like dermatitis. Furthermore, crisaborole was effective in reducing skin inflammation in the context of filaggrin deficiency. Importantly, crisaborole reduced S. aureus skin colonization during AD-like skin inflammation. However, crisaborole was not efficacious in treating S. aureus skin infections, even as adjunctive therapy to antibiotics. Taken together, we found that crisaborole reduced itch during psoriasis-like dermatitis and decreased S. aureus skin colonization upon AD-like skin inflammation, which act as additional mechanisms by which crisaborole dampens the immunopathogenesis in mouse models of inflammatory skin diseases. Further examination is warranted to translate these preclinical findings to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Youn
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dustin A. Dikeman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Evelyn Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabrina J. Nolan
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin P. Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel P. Joyce
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Meixiong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lloyd S. Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathan K. Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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21
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Kolb M, Crestani B, Maher TM. Phosphodiesterase 4B inhibition: a potential novel strategy for treating pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:32/167/220206. [PMID: 36813290 PMCID: PMC9949383 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0206-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with interstitial lung disease can develop a progressive fibrosing phenotype characterised by an irreversible, progressive decline in lung function despite treatment. Current therapies slow, but do not reverse or stop, disease progression and are associated with side-effects that can cause treatment delay or discontinuation. Most crucially, mortality remains high. There is an unmet need for more efficacious and better-tolerated and -targeted treatments for pulmonary fibrosis. Pan-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have been investigated in respiratory conditions. However, the use of oral inhibitors can be complicated due to class-related systemic adverse events, including diarrhoea and headaches. The PDE4B subtype, which has an important role in inflammation and fibrosis, has been identified in the lungs. Preferentially targeting PDE4B has the potential to drive anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects via a subsequent increase in cAMP, but with improved tolerability. Phase I and II trials of a novel PDE4B inhibitor in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have shown promising results, stabilising pulmonary function measured by change in forced vital capacity from baseline, while maintaining an acceptable safety profile. Further research into the efficacy and safety of PDE4B inhibitors in larger patient populations and for a longer treatment period is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolb
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Service de Pneumologie A, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, Paris, France,INSERM, Unité 1152, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Toby M. Maher
- Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK,Corresponding author: Toby M. Maher ()
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22
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Nourian YH, Salimian J, Ahmadi A, Salehi Z, Karimi M, Emamvirdizadeh A, Azimzadeh Jamalkandi S, Ghanei M. cAMP-PDE signaling in COPD: Review of cellular, molecular and clinical features. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101438. [PMID: 36865738 PMCID: PMC9971187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death among non-contagious diseases in the world. PDE inhibitors are among current medicines prescribed for COPD treatment of which, PDE-4 family is the predominant PDE isoform involved in hydrolyzing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) that regulates the inflammatory responses in neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and epithelial cells The aim of this study is to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cAMP-PDE signaling, as an important pathway in the treatment management of patients with COPD. In this review, a comprehensive literature review was performed about the effect of PDEs in COPD. Generally, PDEs are overexpressed in COPD patients, resulting in cAMP inactivation and decreased cAMP hydrolysis from AMP. At normal amounts, cAMP is one of the essential agents in regulating metabolism and suppressing inflammatory responses. Low amount of cAMP lead to activation of downstream inflammatory signaling pathways. PDE4 and PDE7 mRNA transcript levels were not altered in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and CD8 lymphocytes originating from the peripheral venous blood of stable COPD subjects compared to healthy controls. Therefore, cAMP-PDE signaling pathway is one of the most important signaling pathways involved in COPD. By examining the effects of different drugs in this signaling pathway critical steps can be taken in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazdan Hasani Nourian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Salimian
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Emamvirdizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Bio Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Yang X, Xu Z, Hu S, Shen J. Perspectives of PDE inhibitor on treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1111393. [PMID: 36865908 PMCID: PMC9973527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1111393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) without an identifiable cause. If not treated after diagnosis, the average life expectancy is 3-5 years. Currently approved drugs for the treatment of IPF are Pirfenidone and Nintedanib, as antifibrotic drugs, which can reduce the decline rate of forced vital capacity (FVC) and reduce the risk of acute exacerbation of IPF. However these drugs can not relieve the symptoms associated with IPF, nor improve the overall survival rate of IPF patients. We need to develop new, safe and effective drugs to treat pulmonary fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that cyclic nucleotides participate in the pathway and play an essential role in the process of pulmonary fibrosis. Phosphodiesterase (PDEs) is involved in cyclic nucleotide metabolism, so PDE inhibitors are candidates for pulmonary fibrosis. This paper reviews the research progress of PDE inhibitors related to pulmonary fibrosis, so as to provide ideas for the development of anti-pulmonary fibrosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | | | - Songhua Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Juan Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
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24
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Chow MY, Pan HW, Lam JK. Delivery technology of inhaled therapy for asthma and COPD. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37524490 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled therapy is the cornerstone of the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Drugs such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids are administered directly to the airways for local effect and rapid onset of action while systemic exposure and side effects are minimized. There are four major types of inhaler devices used clinically to generate aerosols for inhalation, namely, pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs), nebulizers, Soft Mist™ inhalers (SMIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Each of them has its own unique characteristics that can target different patient groups. For instance, patients' inhaler technique is critical for pMDIs and SMIs to achieve proper drug deposition in the lung, which could be challenging for some patients. Nebulizers are designed to deliver aerosols to patients during tidal breathing, but they require electricity to operate and are less portable than other devices. DPIs are the only device that delivers aerosols in dry powder form with better stability, but they rely on patients' inspiration effort for powder dispersion, rendering them unsuitable for patients with compromised lung function. Choosing a device that can cater for the need of individual patient is paramount for effective inhaled therapy. This chapter provides an overview of inhaled therapy for the management of asthma and COPD. The operation principles, merits and limitations of different delivery technologies are examined. Looking ahead, the challenges of delivering novel therapeutics such as biologics through the pulmonary route are also discussed.
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25
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Acute Lung Functional and Airway Remodeling Effects of an Inhaled Highly Selective Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor in Ventilated Preterm Lambs Exposed to Chorioamnionitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010029. [PMID: 36678525 PMCID: PMC9863035 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition has been identified in animal studies as a new treatment option for neonatal lung injury, and as potentially beneficial for early lung development and function. However, our group could show that the inhaled PDE4 inhibitor GSK256066 could have dose-dependent detrimental effects and promote lung inflammation in the premature lung. In this study, the effects of a high and a low dose of GSK256066 on lung function, structure and alveolar development were investigated. In a triple hit lamb model of Ureaplasma-induced chorioamnionitis, prematurity, and mechanical ventilation, 21 animals were treated as unventilated (NOVENT) or 24 h ventilated controls (Control), or with combined 24 h ventilation and low dose (iPDE1) or high dose (iPDE10) treatment with inhaled GSK 256066. We found that high doses of an inhaled PDE4 inhibitor impaired oxygenation during mechanical ventilation. In this group, the budding of secondary septae appeared to be decreased in the preterm lung, suggesting altered alveologenesis. Ventilation-induced structural and functional changes were only modestly ameliorated by a low dose of PDE4 inhibitor. In conclusion, our findings indicate the narrow therapeutic window of PDE4 inhibitors in the developing lung.
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26
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Targeting phosphodiesterase 4 as a therapeutic strategy for cognitive improvement. Bioorg Chem 2022; 130:106278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Basit A, Shutian T, Khan A, Khan SM, Shahzad R, Khan A, Khan S, Khan M. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of leaf extract of Justicia adhatoda L. (Acanthaceae) in Carrageenan and Formalin-induced models by targeting oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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28
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Crocetti L, Floresta G, Cilibrizzi A, Giovannoni MP. An Overview of PDE4 Inhibitors in Clinical Trials: 2010 to Early 2022. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154964. [PMID: 35956914 PMCID: PMC9370432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early 1980s, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) has been an attractive target for the treatment of inflammation-based diseases. Several scientific advancements, by both academia and pharmaceutical companies, have enabled the identification of many synthetic ligands for this target, along with the acquisition of precise information on biological requirements and linked therapeutic opportunities. The transition from pre-clinical to clinical phase was not easy for the majority of these compounds, mainly due to their significant side effects, and it took almost thirty years for a PDE4 inhibitor to become a drug i.e., Roflumilast, used in the clinics for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Since then, three additional compounds have reached the market a few years later: Crisaborole for atopic dermatitis, Apremilast for psoriatic arthritis and Ibudilast for Krabbe disease. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the compounds that have reached clinical trials in the last ten years, with a focus on those most recently developed for respiratory, skin and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Crocetti
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-457-3682
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29
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Craparo EF, Cabibbo M, Scialabba C, Giammona G, Cavallaro G. Inhalable Formulation Based on Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for the Macrophage Targeted Delivery of Roflumilast. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3439-3451. [PMID: 35899612 PMCID: PMC9364311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Here, novel lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles
(LPHNPs),
targeted to lung macrophages, were realized as potential carriers
for Roflumilast administration in the management of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). To achieve this, Roflumilast-loaded fluorescent
polymeric nanoparticles, based on a polyaspartamide-polycaprolactone
graft copolymer, and lipid vesicles, made from 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-phosphoethanolamine-N-(polyethylene glycol)-mannose,
were properly combined using a two-step method, successfully obtaining
Roflumilast-loaded hybrid fluorescent nanoparticles (Man-LPHFNPs@Roflumilast).
These exhibit colloidal size and a negative ζ potential, 50
wt % phospholipids, and a core–shell-type morphology; they
slowly release the entrapped drug in a simulated physiological fluid.
The surface analysis also demonstrated their high surface PEG density,
which confers mucus-penetrating properties. Man-LPHFNPs@Roflumilast
show high cytocompatibility toward human bronchial epithelium cells
and macrophages and are uptaken by the latter through an active mannose-mediated
targeting process. To achieve an inhalable formulation, the nano-into-micro
strategy was applied, encapsulating Man-LPHFNPs@Roflumilast in poly(vinyl
alcohol)/leucine-based microparticles by spray-drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela F Craparo
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM) of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Cabibbo
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Cinzia Scialabba
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM) of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gennara Cavallaro
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM) of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Advanced Technology and Network Center (ATeN Center), Università di Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy
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30
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Goonathilake MR, Waqar S, George S, Jean-Baptiste W, Yusuf Ali A, Inyang B, Koshy FS, George K, Poudel P, Chalasani R, Mohammed L. Can Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor Therapy Be Used in Respiratory Diseases Other Than Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? Cureus 2022; 14:e27132. [PMID: 36017299 PMCID: PMC9392891 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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31
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Vaseghi-Shanjani M, Snow AL, Margolis DJ, Latrous M, Milner JD, Turvey SE, Biggs CM. Atopy as Immune Dysregulation: Offender Genes and Targets. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1737-1756. [PMID: 35680527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from exaggerated type 2 inflammation. Although typically viewed as polygenic multifactorial disorders caused by the interaction of several genes with the environment, we have come to appreciate that allergic diseases can also be caused by monogenic variants affecting the immune system and the skin epithelial barrier. Through a myriad of genetic association studies and high-throughput sequencing tools, many monogenic and polygenic culprits of allergic diseases have been described. Identifying the genetic causes of atopy has shaped our understanding of how these conditions occur and how they may be treated and even prevented. Precision diagnostic tools and therapies that address the specific molecular pathways implicated in allergic inflammation provide exciting opportunities to improve our care for patients across the field of allergy and immunology. Here, we highlight offender genes implicated in polygenic and monogenic allergic diseases and list targeted therapeutic approaches that address these disrupted pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Vaseghi-Shanjani
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md
| | - David J Margolis
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Meriem Latrous
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joshua D Milner
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catherine M Biggs
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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32
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Richeldi L, Azuma A, Cottin V, Hesslinger C, Stowasser S, Valenzuela C, Wijsenbeek MS, Zoz DF, Voss F, Maher TM. Trial of a Preferential Phosphodiesterase 4B Inhibitor for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:2178-2187. [PMID: 35569036 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2201737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibition is associated with antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effects that may be beneficial in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS In this phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we investigated the efficacy and safety of BI 1015550, an oral preferential inhibitor of the PDE4B subtype, in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive BI 1015550 at a dose of 18 mg twice daily or placebo. The primary end point was the change from baseline in the forced vital capacity (FVC) at 12 weeks, which we analyzed with a Bayesian approach separately according to background nonuse or use of an antifibrotic agent. RESULTS A total of 147 patients were randomly assigned to receive BI 1015550 or placebo. Among patients without background antifibrotic use, the median change in the FVC was 5.7 ml (95% credible interval, -39.1 to 50.5) in the BI 1015550 group and -81.7 ml (95% credible interval, -133.5 to -44.8) in the placebo group (median difference, 88.4 ml; 95% credible interval, 29.5 to 154.2; probability that BI 1015550 was superior to placebo, 0.998). Among patients with background antifibrotic use, the median change in the FVC was 2.7 ml (95% credible interval, -32.8 to 38.2) in the BI 1015550 group and -59.2 ml (95% credible interval, -111.8 to -17.9) in the placebo group (median difference, 62.4 ml; 95% credible interval, 6.3 to 125.5; probability that BI 1015550 was superior to placebo, 0.986). A mixed model with repeated measures analysis provided results that were consistent with those of the Bayesian analysis. The most frequent adverse event was diarrhea. A total of 13 patients discontinued BI 1015550 treatment owing to adverse events. The percentages of patients with serious adverse events or severe adverse events were similar in the two trial groups. CONCLUSIONS In this placebo-controlled trial, treatment with BI 1015550, either alone or with background use of an antifibrotic agent, prevented a decrease in lung function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. (Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim; 1305-0013 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04419506.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Richeldi
- From Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (L.R.); Nippon Medical School, Tokyo (A.A.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 754 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ERN-LUNG (European Reference Network on Rare Respiratory Diseases), RespiFil, OrphaLung, Lyon, France (V.C.); Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim International, Biberach (C.H.), and TA Inflammation Medicine (S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (F.V.), Ingelheim am Rhein - both in Germany; the Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, University Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid (C.V.); the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (D.F.Z.); Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (T.M.M.); and the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London (T.M.M.)
| | - Arata Azuma
- From Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (L.R.); Nippon Medical School, Tokyo (A.A.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 754 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ERN-LUNG (European Reference Network on Rare Respiratory Diseases), RespiFil, OrphaLung, Lyon, France (V.C.); Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim International, Biberach (C.H.), and TA Inflammation Medicine (S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (F.V.), Ingelheim am Rhein - both in Germany; the Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, University Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid (C.V.); the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (D.F.Z.); Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (T.M.M.); and the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London (T.M.M.)
| | - Vincent Cottin
- From Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (L.R.); Nippon Medical School, Tokyo (A.A.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 754 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ERN-LUNG (European Reference Network on Rare Respiratory Diseases), RespiFil, OrphaLung, Lyon, France (V.C.); Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim International, Biberach (C.H.), and TA Inflammation Medicine (S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (F.V.), Ingelheim am Rhein - both in Germany; the Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, University Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid (C.V.); the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (D.F.Z.); Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (T.M.M.); and the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London (T.M.M.)
| | - Christian Hesslinger
- From Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (L.R.); Nippon Medical School, Tokyo (A.A.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 754 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ERN-LUNG (European Reference Network on Rare Respiratory Diseases), RespiFil, OrphaLung, Lyon, France (V.C.); Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim International, Biberach (C.H.), and TA Inflammation Medicine (S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (F.V.), Ingelheim am Rhein - both in Germany; the Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, University Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid (C.V.); the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (D.F.Z.); Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (T.M.M.); and the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London (T.M.M.)
| | - Susanne Stowasser
- From Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (L.R.); Nippon Medical School, Tokyo (A.A.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 754 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ERN-LUNG (European Reference Network on Rare Respiratory Diseases), RespiFil, OrphaLung, Lyon, France (V.C.); Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim International, Biberach (C.H.), and TA Inflammation Medicine (S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (F.V.), Ingelheim am Rhein - both in Germany; the Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, University Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid (C.V.); the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (D.F.Z.); Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (T.M.M.); and the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London (T.M.M.)
| | - Claudia Valenzuela
- From Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (L.R.); Nippon Medical School, Tokyo (A.A.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 754 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ERN-LUNG (European Reference Network on Rare Respiratory Diseases), RespiFil, OrphaLung, Lyon, France (V.C.); Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim International, Biberach (C.H.), and TA Inflammation Medicine (S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (F.V.), Ingelheim am Rhein - both in Germany; the Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, University Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid (C.V.); the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (D.F.Z.); Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (T.M.M.); and the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London (T.M.M.)
| | - Marlies S Wijsenbeek
- From Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (L.R.); Nippon Medical School, Tokyo (A.A.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 754 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ERN-LUNG (European Reference Network on Rare Respiratory Diseases), RespiFil, OrphaLung, Lyon, France (V.C.); Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim International, Biberach (C.H.), and TA Inflammation Medicine (S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (F.V.), Ingelheim am Rhein - both in Germany; the Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, University Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid (C.V.); the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (D.F.Z.); Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (T.M.M.); and the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London (T.M.M.)
| | - Donald F Zoz
- From Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (L.R.); Nippon Medical School, Tokyo (A.A.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 754 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ERN-LUNG (European Reference Network on Rare Respiratory Diseases), RespiFil, OrphaLung, Lyon, France (V.C.); Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim International, Biberach (C.H.), and TA Inflammation Medicine (S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (F.V.), Ingelheim am Rhein - both in Germany; the Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, University Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid (C.V.); the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (D.F.Z.); Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (T.M.M.); and the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London (T.M.M.)
| | - Florian Voss
- From Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (L.R.); Nippon Medical School, Tokyo (A.A.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 754 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ERN-LUNG (European Reference Network on Rare Respiratory Diseases), RespiFil, OrphaLung, Lyon, France (V.C.); Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim International, Biberach (C.H.), and TA Inflammation Medicine (S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (F.V.), Ingelheim am Rhein - both in Germany; the Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, University Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid (C.V.); the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (D.F.Z.); Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (T.M.M.); and the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London (T.M.M.)
| | - Toby M Maher
- From Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (L.R.); Nippon Medical School, Tokyo (A.A.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 754 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ERN-LUNG (European Reference Network on Rare Respiratory Diseases), RespiFil, OrphaLung, Lyon, France (V.C.); Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim International, Biberach (C.H.), and TA Inflammation Medicine (S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (F.V.), Ingelheim am Rhein - both in Germany; the Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, University Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid (C.V.); the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (D.F.Z.); Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (T.M.M.); and the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London (T.M.M.)
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Saunders RM, Biddle M, Amrani Y, Brightling CE. Stressed out - The role of oxidative stress in airway smooth muscle dysfunction in asthma and COPD. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 185:97-119. [PMID: 35472411 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The airway smooth muscle (ASM) surrounding the airways is dysfunctional in both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exhibiting; increased contraction, increased mass, increased inflammatory mediator release and decreased corticosteroid responsiveness. Due to this dysfunction, ASM is a key contributor to symptoms in patients that remain symptomatic despite optimal provision of currently available treatments. There is a significant body of research investigating the effects of oxidative stress/ROS on ASM behaviour, falling into the following categories; cigarette smoke and associated compounds, air pollutants, aero-allergens, asthma and COPD relevant mediators, and the anti-oxidant Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway. However, despite a number of recent reviews addressing the role of oxidative stress/ROS in asthma and COPD, the potential contribution of oxidative stress/ROS-related ASM dysfunction to asthma and COPD pathophysiology has not been comprehensively reviewed. We provide a thorough review of studies that have used primary airway, bronchial or tracheal smooth muscle cells to investigate the role of oxidative stress/ROS in ASM dysfunction and consider how they could contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma and COPD. We summarise the current state of play with regards to clinical trials/development of agents targeting oxidative stress and associated limitations, and the adverse effects of oxidative stress on the efficacy of current therapies, with reference to ASM related studies where appropriate. We also identify limitations in the current knowledge of the role of oxidative stress/ROS in ASM dysfunction and identify areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Saunders
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Michael Biddle
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Yassine Amrani
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Neutrophils and Asthma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051175. [PMID: 35626330 PMCID: PMC9140072 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although eosinophilic inflammation is characteristic of asthma pathogenesis, neutrophilic inflammation is also marked, and eosinophils and neutrophils can coexist in some cases. Based on the proportion of sputum cell differentiation, asthma is classified into eosinophilic asthma, neutrophilic asthma, neutrophilic and eosinophilic asthma, and paucigranulocytic asthma. Classification by bronchoalveolar lavage is also performed. Eosinophilic asthma accounts for most severe asthma cases, but neutrophilic asthma or a mixture of the two types can also present a severe phenotype. Biomarkers for the diagnosis of neutrophilic asthma include sputum neutrophils, blood neutrophils, chitinase-3-like protein, and hydrogen sulfide in sputum and serum. Thymic stromal lymphoprotein (TSLP)/T-helper 17 pathways, bacterial colonization/microbiome, neutrophil extracellular traps, and activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 pathways are involved in the pathophysiology of neutrophilic asthma and coexistence of obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and habitual cigarette smoking have been associated with its pathogenesis. Thus, targeting neutrophilic asthma is important. Smoking cessation, neutrophil-targeting treatments, and biologics have been tested as treatments for severe asthma, but most clinical studies have not focused on neutrophilic asthma. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, anti-TSLP antibodies, azithromycin, and anti-cholinergic agents are promising drugs for neutrophilic asthma. However, clinical research targeting neutrophilic inflammation is required to elucidate the optimal treatment.
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Pan-Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Attenuate TGF-β-Induced Pro-Fibrotic Phenotype in Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells by Downregulating Smad-2 Phosphorylation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040423. [PMID: 35455420 PMCID: PMC9024446 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a pathological process that accompanies many chronic lung diseases. One of the important players in this process are epithelial cells, which under the influence of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors present in the airway niche, actively participate in the remodeling process by increasing extracellular matrix secretion, acquiring migration properties, and overproducing pro-fibrotic transducers. Here, we investigated the effect of three new 8-arylalkylamino- and 8-alkoxy-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl-N-(5-(tert-butyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl)butanamides (1, 2, and 3), representing prominent pan-phosphodiesterase (pan-PDE) inhibitors on transforming growth factor type β (TGF-β)-induced alveolar epithelial type II cells (A549 cell line) of a pro-fibrotic phenotype. Our results demonstrate for the first time the strong activity of pan-PDE inhibitors in the prevention of TGF-β-induced mesenchymal markers’ expression and A549 cells’ migration. We also showed an increased p-CREB and decreased p-Smad-2 phosphorylation in TGF-β-induced A549 cells treated with 1, 2, and 3 derivatives, thereby confirming a pan-PDE inhibitor mesenchymal phenotype reducing effect in alveolar epithelial type II cells via suppression of the canonical Smad signaling pathway. Our observations confirmed that PDE inhibitors, and especially those active against various isoforms involved in the airway remodeling, constitute an interesting group of compounds modulating the pro-fibrotic response of epithelial cells.
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Hoffman CS. Use of a Fission Yeast Platform to Identify and Characterize Small Molecule PDE Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:833156. [PMID: 35111072 PMCID: PMC8802716 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.833156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) have been proven to be targets for which highly selective and potent drugs can be developed. Mammalian genomes possess 21 genes whose products are pharmacologically grouped into 11 families; however related genes from pathogenic organisms display sufficient divergence from the mammalian homologs such that PDE inhibitors to these enzymes could be used to treat parasitic infections without acting on the related human PDEs. We have developed a platform for expressing cloned PDEs in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, allowing for inexpensive, but robust screening for small molecule inhibitors that are cell permeable. Such compounds typically display the expected biological activity when tested in cell culture, including anti-inflammatory properties for PDE4 and PDE7 inhibitors. The genetic pliability of S. pombe also allows for molecular genetic screens to identify mutations in target PDE genes that confer some resistance to these inhibitors as a way of investigating the PDE-inhibitor interaction. This screening method is readily accessible to academic laboratories as it does not require the purification of large quantities of a target protein. This allows for the discovery and profiling of PDE inhibitors to treat inflammation or of inhibitors of targets such as pathogen PDEs for which there may not be a sufficient financial motivation for pharmaceutical companies to identify selective PDE inhibitors using more traditional in vitro enzyme-based screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Hoffman
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
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Wong SN, Weng J, Ip I, Chen R, Lakerveld R, Telford R, Blagden N, Scowen IJ, Chow SF. Rational Development of a Carrier-Free Dry Powder Inhalation Formulation for Respiratory Viral Infections via Quality by Design: A Drug-Drug Cocrystal of Favipiravir and Theophylline. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:300. [PMID: 35214034 PMCID: PMC8876093 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Formulating pharmaceutical cocrystals as inhalable dosage forms represents a unique niche in effective management of respiratory infections. Favipiravir, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug with potential pharmacological activity against SARS-CoV-2, exhibits a low aqueous solubility. An ultra-high oral dose is essential, causing low patient compliance. This study reports a Quality-by-Design (QbD)-guided development of a carrier-free inhalable dry powder formulation containing a 1:1 favipiravir-theophylline (FAV-THP) cocrystal via spray drying, which may provide an alternative treatment strategy for individuals with concomitant influenza infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma. The cocrystal formation was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, and the construction of a temperature-composition phase diagram. A three-factor, two-level, full factorial design was employed to produce the optimized formulation and study the impact of critical processing parameters on the resulting median mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), fine particle fraction (FPF), and crystallinity of the spray-dried FAV-THP cocrystal. In general, a lower solute concentration and feed pump rate resulted in a smaller MMAD with a higher FPF. The optimized formulation (F1) demonstrated an MMAD of 2.93 μm and an FPF of 79.3%, suitable for deep lung delivery with no in vitro cytotoxicity observed in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Nga Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (S.N.W.); (J.W.); (I.I.)
| | - Jingwen Weng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (S.N.W.); (J.W.); (I.I.)
| | - Ignatius Ip
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (S.N.W.); (J.W.); (I.I.)
| | - Ruipeng Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; (R.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Richard Lakerveld
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; (R.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Richard Telford
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
| | | | - Ian J. Scowen
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK;
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (S.N.W.); (J.W.); (I.I.)
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Cazzola M, Ora J, Calzetta L, Rogliani P, Matera MG. The future of inhalation therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100092. [PMID: 35243334 PMCID: PMC8866667 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhaled route is critical for the administration of drugs to treat patients suffering from COPD, but there is still an unmet need for new and innovative inhalers to address some limitations of existing products that do not make them suitable for many COPD patients. The treatment of COPD, currently limited to the use of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics, requires a significant expansion of the therapeutic armamentarium that is closely linked to the widening of knowledge on the pathogenesis and evolution of COPD. The great interest in the development of new drugs that may be able to interfere in the natural history of the disease is leading to the synthesis of numerous new molecules, of which however only a few have entered the stages of clinical development. On the other hand, further improvement of inhaled drug delivery could be an interesting possibility because it targets the organ of interest directly, requires significantly less drug to exert the pharmacological effect and, by lowering the amount of drug needed, reduces the cost of therapy. Unfortunately, however, the development of new inhaled drugs for use in COPD is currently too slow. Inhalation therapy is central when treating patients with COPD. There has been and still there is a substantial evolution in inhaler devices. New targets possibly useful for the development of new drugs have been identified. Only very few of new drugs are being evaluated for inhaled administration.
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Huang Z, Liu J, Yang J, Yan Y, Yang C, He X, Huang R, Tan M, Wu D, Yan J, Shen B. PDE4B Induces Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Bladder Cancer Cells and Is Transcriptionally Suppressed by CBX7. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:783050. [PMID: 34977026 PMCID: PMC8716816 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.783050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is a common malignant tumor with high incidence. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease demand the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Multiple studies demonstrated that PDE4B level was upregulated in malignancies and high PDE4B expression was correlated with poor outcomes. Herein, we identified that PDE4B was a potential therapeutic target in UBC. We confirmed that PDE4B expression was correlated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics and unfavorable prognosis. Functional studies demonstrated that ectopic expression of PDE4B promoted UBC cells proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas PDE4B depletion suppressed cancer cell aggressiveness. We also identified CBX7 as a regulator of PDE4B to suppress the expression of PDE4B at the transcription level in a PRC1-dependent manner. Moreover, our results indicated that PDE4B induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in UBC cells via β-catenin pathway, whereas inhibition of PDE4B by its small molecule inhibitor, rolipram, effectively reversed the PDE4B overexpression-induced effects. To sum up, our results indicated that PDE4B acts as an oncogene by promoting UBC cell migration and invasion via β-catenin/EMT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiakuan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Yan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenkai Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruimin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyue Tan
- Department of Urology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Denglong Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Denglong Wu, ; Jun Yan, ; Bing Shen,
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Denglong Wu, ; Jun Yan, ; Bing Shen,
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Denglong Wu, ; Jun Yan, ; Bing Shen,
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Facchinetti F, Civelli M, Singh D, Papi A, Emirova A, Govoni M. Tanimilast, A Novel Inhaled Pde4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:740803. [PMID: 34887752 PMCID: PMC8650159 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.740803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases are the third leading cause of death, behind cardiovascular diseases and cancer, affecting approximately 550 million of people all over the world. Most of the chronic respiratory diseases are attributable to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with this latter being the major cause of deaths. Despite differences in etiology and symptoms, a common feature of asthma and COPD is an underlying degree of airways inflammation. The nature and severity of this inflammation might differ between and within different respiratory conditions and pharmacological anti-inflammatory treatments are unlikely to be effective in all patients. A precision medicine approach is needed to selectively target patients to increase the chance of therapeutic success. Inhibitors of the phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme like the oral PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast have shown a potential to reduce inflammatory-mediated processes and the frequency of exacerbations in certain groups of COPD patients with a chronic bronchitis phenotype. However, roflumilast use is dampened by class related side effects as nausea, diarrhea, weight loss and abdominal pain, resulting in both substantial treatment discontinuation in clinical practice and withdrawal from clinical trials. This has prompted the search for PDE4 inhibitors to be given by inhalation to reduce the systemic exposure (and thus optimize the systemic safety) and maximize the therapeutic effect in the lung. Tanimilast (international non-proprietary name of CHF6001) is a novel highly potent and selective inhaled PDE4 inhibitor with proven anti-inflammatory properties in various inflammatory cells, including leukocytes derived from asthma and COPD patients, as well as in experimental rodent models of pulmonary inflammation. Inhaled tanimilast has reached phase III clinical development by showing promising pharmacodynamic results associated with a good tolerability and safety profile, with no evidence of PDE4 inhibitors class-related side effects. In this review we will discuss the main outcomes of preclinical and clinical studies conducted during tanimilast development, with particular emphasis on the characterization of the pharmacodynamic profile that led to the identification of target populations with increased therapeutic potential in inflammatory respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Hospital Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Papi
- Respiratory Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Aida Emirova
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi, Parma, Italy
| | - Mirco Govoni
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi, Parma, Italy
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Megat S, Hugel S, Journée SH, Bohren Y, Lacaud A, Lelièvre V, Doridot S, Villa P, Bourguignon JJ, Salvat E, Schlichter R, Freund-Mercier MJ, Yalcin I, Barrot M. Antiallodynic action of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in a mouse model of peripheral nerve injury. Neuropharmacology 2021; 205:108909. [PMID: 34875284 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain arises as a consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory nervous system. It is accompanied by neuronal and non-neuronal alterations, including alterations in intracellular second messenger pathways. Cellular levels of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are regulated by phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes. Here, we studied the impact of PDE inhibitors (PDEi) in a mouse model of peripheral nerve injury induced by placing a cuff around the main branch of the sciatic nerve. Mechanical hypersensitivity, evaluated using von Frey filaments, was relieved by sustained treatment with the non-selective PDEi theophylline and ibudilast (AV-411), with PDE4i rolipram, etazolate and YM-976, and with PDE5i sildenafil, zaprinast and MY-5445, but not by treatments with PDE1i vinpocetine, PDE2i EHNA or PDE3i milrinone. Using pharmacological and knock-out approaches, we show a preferential implication of delta opioid receptors in the action of the PDE4i rolipram and of both mu and delta opioid receptors in the action of the PDE5i sildenafil. Calcium imaging highlighted a preferential action of rolipram on dorsal root ganglia non-neuronal cells, through PDE4B and PDE4D inhibition. Rolipram had anti-neuroimmune action, as shown by its impact on levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in the dorsal root ganglia of mice with peripheral nerve injury, as well as in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharides. This study suggests that PDEs, especially PDE4 and 5, may be targets of interest in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Megat
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvain Hugel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah H Journée
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yohann Bohren
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, Strasbourg, France
| | - Adrien Lacaud
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Lelièvre
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Doridot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Chronobiotron, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Villa
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Plateforme de Chimie Biologique Intégrative de Strasbourg, UAR3286, Illkirch, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Bourguignon
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Illkirch, France
| | - Eric Salvat
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, Strasbourg, France
| | - Remy Schlichter
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-José Freund-Mercier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ipek Yalcin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Michel Barrot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France.
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Sriram K, Insel MB, Insel PA. Inhaled β2 Adrenergic Agonists and Other cAMP-Elevating Agents: Therapeutics for Alveolar Injury and Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome? Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:488-526. [PMID: 34795026 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled long-acting β-adrenergic agonists (LABAs) and short-acting β-adrenergic agonists are approved for the treatment of obstructive lung disease via actions mediated by β2 adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs) that increase cellular cAMP synthesis. This review discusses the potential of β2-AR agonists, in particular LABAs, for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We emphasize ARDS induced by pneumonia and focus on the pathobiology of ARDS and actions of LABAs and cAMP on pulmonary and immune cell types. β2-AR agonists/cAMP have beneficial actions that include protection of epithelial and endothelial cells from injury, restoration of alveolar fluid clearance, and reduction of fibrotic remodeling. β2-AR agonists/cAMP also exert anti-inflammatory effects on the immune system by actions on several types of immune cells. Early administration is likely critical for optimizing efficacy of LABAs or other cAMP-elevating agents, such as agonists of other Gs-coupled G protein-coupled receptors or cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Clinical studies that target lung injury early, prior to development of ARDS, are thus needed to further assess the use of inhaled LABAs, perhaps combined with inhaled corticosteroids and/or long-acting muscarinic cholinergic antagonists. Such agents may provide a multipronged, repurposing, and efficacious therapeutic approach while minimizing systemic toxicity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after pulmonary alveolar injury (e.g., certain viral infections) is associated with ∼40% mortality and in need of new therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the pathobiology of ARDS, focusing on contributions of pulmonary and immune cell types and potentially beneficial actions of β2 adrenergic receptors and cAMP. Early administration of inhaled β2 adrenergic agonists and perhaps other cAMP-elevating agents after alveolar injury may be a prophylactic approach to prevent development of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sriram
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.S., P.A.I.) and Medicine (P.A.I.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine (M.B.I.) University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Michael B Insel
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.S., P.A.I.) and Medicine (P.A.I.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine (M.B.I.) University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Paul A Insel
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.S., P.A.I.) and Medicine (P.A.I.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine (M.B.I.) University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Abdelmonsef AH, Abdelhakeem MA, Mosallam AM, Temairk H, El‐Naggar M, Okasha H, Rashdan HRM. A search for antiinflammatory therapies: Synthesis, in silico investigation of the mode of action, and in vitro analyses of new quinazolin‐2,4‐dione derivatives targeting phosphodiesterase‐4 enzyme. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed M. Mosallam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science South Valley University Qena Egypt
| | - Hussain Temairk
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science South Valley University Qena Egypt
| | - Mohamed El‐Naggar
- Chemistry Department, Pure and Applied Chemistry Group Faculty of Sciences, University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
| | - Hend Okasha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Theodor Bilharz Research Institute Giza Egypt
| | - Huda R. M. Rashdan
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre Cairo Egypt
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Singh D, Lea S, Mathioudakis AG. Inhaled Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Drugs 2021; 81:1821-1830. [PMID: 34731461 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors prevent the metabolism of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, thereby reducing inflammation. Inhaled PDE4 inhibitors aim to restrict systemic drug exposure to enhance the potential for clinical benefits (in the lungs) versus adverse events (systemically). The orally administered PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast reduces exacerbation rates in the subgroup of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with a history of exacerbations and the presence of chronic bronchitis, but can cause PDE4 related adverse effects due to systemic exposure. CHF6001 is an inhaled PDE4 inhibitor, while inhaled ensifentrine is an inhibitor of both PDE3 and PDE4; antagonism of PDE3 facilitates smooth muscle relaxation and hence bronchodilation. These inhaled PDE inhibitors have both reported positive findings from early phase clinical trials, and have been well tolerated. Longer term trials are needed to firmly establish the clinical benefits of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Singh
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Hospital Trust, The Langley Building, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9QZ, UK.
| | - Simon Lea
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander G Mathioudakis
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Shen W, Wang S, Wang R, Zhang Y, Tian H, Yang X, Wei W. Analysis of the polarization states of the alveolar macrophages in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease samples based on miRNA-mRNA network signatures. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1333. [PMID: 34532470 PMCID: PMC8422127 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Multiple gene expression studies have been performed to investigate the biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, few studies have related COPD to macrophage cells. Methods The gene expression levels of clinical samples of COPD smokers (COPD; n=6), healthy smokers (Smoke; n=11), and never smokers (Never; n=4) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository of GSE124180. The expression levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in macrophage cells of M0 (n=7), M1 (n=7), and M2 (n=7) were downloaded from the GEO repository of GSE46903 and GSE51307. Differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were identified by edgeR and GEO2R, with an adjusted P value <0.05 and |log2fold change (FC)| ≥1 chosen as the cut-off threshold. The potential target genes of miRNA were identified using miRanda (v3.3a) and TargetScan (v6.0) with default settings. Gene Ontology (GO) and Reactome pathway analyses were performed. Results The composition of macrophages was quite different between COPD, Never, and Smoke samples. The proportion of M1 cells was lower than that of M0 and M2 cells in Smokers and COPD samples. Most of the genes specifically up-regulated in M1 are related to inflammation/immunity. The expression levels of miR-30a-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-20b-5p, miR-199b-5p, and miR-301b-3p in M1 macrophages were all lower than that of M0. Their expression levels in M2 macrophages compared with M1 varied, with higher expression in miR-30a-5p, miR-20b-5p, and lower expression in miR-200c-3p, and miR-301b-3p. The mRNAs of the fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1), cardiotrophin like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1), phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), coagulation factor III, and tissue factor (F3) were dysregulated in COPD and macrophage cells. Conclusions The present study mined the miRNA-mRNA signature which might play an essential role in COPD and macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shen
- Respiratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shukun Wang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruili Wang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Tian
- Respiratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Respiratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Kawamatawong T. Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors for Non-COPD Respiratory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:518345. [PMID: 34434103 PMCID: PMC8381854 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.518345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors are a class of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs for treating chronic inflammatory diseases. Modulation of systemic and airway inflammation is their pivotal mechanism of action. Furthermore, PDE inhibitors modulate cough reflex and inhibit airway mucus secretion. Roflumilast, a selective PDE4 inhibitor, has been extensively studied for the efficacy and safety in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. According to the mechanisms of action, the potential roles of PDE inhibitors in treating chronic respiratory diseases including severe asthma, asthma-COPD overlap (ACO), noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, and chronic cough are discussed. Since roflumilast inhibits airway eosinophilia and neutrophilia in COPD patients, it reduces COPD exacerbations in the presence of chronic bronchitis in addition to baseline therapies. The clinical studies in asthma patients have shown the comparable efficacy of roflumilast to inhaled corticosteroids for improving lung function. However, the clinical trials of roflumilast in severe asthma have been limited. Although ACO is common and is also associated with poor outcomes, there is no clinical trial regarding its efficacy in patients with ACO despite a promising role in reducing COPD exacerbation. Since mucus hypersecretion is a result of neutrophil secretagogue in patients with chronic bronchitis, experimental studies have shown that PDE4s are regulators of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in human airway epithelial cells. Besides, goblet cell hyperplasia is associated with an increased expression of PDE. Bronchiectasis and chronic bronchitis are considered neutrophilic airway diseases presenting with mucus hypersecretion. They commonly coexist and thus lead to severe disease. The role of roflumilast in noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is under investigation in clinical trials. Lastly, PDE inhibitors have been shown modulating cough from bronchodilation, suppressing transient receptors potential (TRP), and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, there is the potential role of the drug in the management of unexplained cough. However, clinical trials for examining its antitussive efficacy are pivotal. In conclusion, selective PDE4 inhibitors may be potential treatment options for chronic respiratory diseases apart from COPD due to their promising mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theerasuk Kawamatawong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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47
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Amison RT, Page CP. Novel pharmacological therapies for the treatment of bronchial asthma. Minerva Med 2021; 113:31-50. [PMID: 34236157 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Asthma has long been recognised as a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, often in response to inhaled allergens prompting inappropriate activation of the immune response. involving a range of cells including mast cells, Th2 lymphocytes and eosinophils and a wide range of inflammatory mediators. First-line therapy for treatment of persistent asthma involves the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in combination with inhaled β2-agonists enabling both the control of the underlying airways inflammation and a reduction of airway hyperresponsiveness. However, many patients remain symptomatic despite high-dose therapy. There is therefore a continued unmet clinical need to develop specifically new anti-inflammatory therapies for patients with asthma, either as an add-on therapy to ICS or as replacement monotherapies. The success of fixed dose combination inhalers containing both a bronchodilator and an anti-inflammatory drug has also led to the development of "bifunctional" drugs which are molecules specifically designed to have two distinct pharmacological actions based on distinct pharmacophores. In this review we will discuss these different pharmacological approaches under development for the treatment of bronchial asthma and the available pre-clinical and clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Amison
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK -
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Ferro B, Cinelli R, Vegnuti L, Piras AM, Roncucci P. The Potential Role of Aerosolized Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitor Enoximone in the Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hypoxemia: A Case Report. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2021; 34:262-264. [PMID: 34152840 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2021.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the various parenchymal presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, the involvement of the vascular component, the reduction of perfusion in noninjured part of the lung and secondary right to left shunt play an important role in the genesis of the respiratory insufficiency. We present the case of a 72-year-old woman admitted to Livorno Hospital for severe respiratory insufficiency due to SARS-CoV-2 infection unresponsive to noninvasive in whom administration of nebulized phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor enoximone was able to improve oxygenation avoiding tracheal intubation. Intravenous infusions of phosphodiesterase inhibitors are commonly used as pulmonary vasodilators in the management of pulmonary hypertension. This is the first case showing that inhaled route administration of PDE3 inhibitor enoximone could be important in the management of COVID-19 hypoxemia, to restore perfusion in noninjured part of the lung, improving oxygenation and avoiding risks of systemic infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baldassare Ferro
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, and Spedali Riuniti Livorno Estav Nordovest, Livorno, Italy
| | - Roberta Cinelli
- Department of Infectious Disease, Spedali Riuniti Livorno Estav Nordovest, Livorno, Italy
| | - Lara Vegnuti
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, and Spedali Riuniti Livorno Estav Nordovest, Livorno, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Roncucci
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, and Spedali Riuniti Livorno Estav Nordovest, Livorno, Italy
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Chetty A, Nielsen HC. Targeting Airway Smooth Muscle Hypertrophy in Asthma: An Approach Whose Time Has Come. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:539-556. [PMID: 34079293 PMCID: PMC8164696 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s280247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell dysfunction is an important component of several obstructive pulmonary diseases, particularly asthma. External stimuli such as allergens, dust, air pollutants, and change in environmental temperatures provoke ASM cell hypertrophy, proliferation, and migration without adequate mechanistic controls. ASM cells can switch between quiescent, migratory, and proliferative phenotypes in response to extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, and other soluble mediators. While some aspects of airway hypertrophy and remodeling could have beneficial effects, in many cases these contribute to a clinical phenotype of difficult to control asthma. In this review, we discuss the factors responsible for ASM hypertrophy and proliferation in asthma, focusing on cytokines, growth factors, and ion transporters, and discuss existing and potential approaches that specifically target ASM hypertrophy to reduce the ASM mass and improve asthma symptoms. The goal of this review is to highlight strategies that appear ready for translational investigations to improve asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chetty
- Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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50
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Al-Nema MY, Gaurav A. Phosphodiesterase as a Target for Cognition Enhancement in Schizophrenia. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2404-2421. [PMID: 32533817 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200613202641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects more than 1% of the population worldwide. Dopamine system dysfunction and alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission are strongly implicated in the aetiology of schizophrenia. To date, antipsychotic drugs are the only available treatment for the symptoms of schizophrenia. These medications, which act as D2-receptor antagonist, adequately address the positive symptoms of the disease, but they fail to improve the negative symptoms and cognitive impairment. In schizophrenia, cognitive impairment is a core feature of the disorder. Therefore, the treatment of cognitive impairment and the other symptoms related to schizophrenia remains a significant unmet medical need. Currently, phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are considered the best drug target for the treatment of schizophrenia since many PDE subfamilies are abundant in the brain regions that are relevant to cognition. Thus, this review aims to illustrate the mechanism of PDEs in treating the symptoms of schizophrenia and summarises the encouraging results of PDE inhibitors as anti-schizophrenic drugs in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayasah Y Al-Nema
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anand Gaurav
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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