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Wen Q, Wang C, Chen D, Luo N, Fan J, Zhou Y, Yu X, Chen W. Proteomics-Based Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets of Artesunate in a Lupus Nephritis MRL/lpr Mouse Model. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1150-1162. [PMID: 38394376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets of artesunate in an MRL/lpr lupus nephritis mouse model by quantitative proteomics. We detected serum autoimmune markers and proteinuria in 40 female mice that were divided into 4 groups (n = 10): normal C57BL/6 control group; untreated MRL/lpr lupus; 9 mg/kg/day prednisone positive control MRL/lpr lupus; and 15 mg/kg/day artesunate-treated MRL/lpr lupus groups. Renal pathology in the untreated MRL/lpr lupus and artesunate groups was examined by Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Artesunate treatment in lupus mice decreased serum autoantibody levels and proteinuria while alleviating lupus nephritis pathology. Through tandem mass tag-tandem mass spectrometry (TMT-MS/MS) analyses, differentially expressed proteins were identified in the artesunate group, and subsequent functional prediction suggested associations with antigen presentation, apoptosis, and immune regulation. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD046815. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis of the top 19 selected proteins confirmed the TMT-MS/MS results. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting of an enriched protein from PRM analysis, cathepsin S, linked to antigen presentation, highlighted its upregulation in the untreated MRL/lpr lupus group and downregulation following artesunate treatment. This study suggests that artesunate holds potential as a therapeutic agent for lupus nephritis, with cathepsin S identified as a potential target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dongni Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinjin Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Zhang Y, Kong X, Song K, He M, Xian Y, Xie X, Cheng J, Bai R, Ren Y. Long-Term Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Gastric Bypass Surgery on the Kidneys in Hypertensive Obese Rat. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1257-1266. [PMID: 38396260 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the long-term protective effects of gastric bypass surgery on the kidneys of hypertensive obese rats to better understand the role of gastric bypass surgery in preventing renal injury in humans with hypertension and obesity. METHODS Compare 6-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats, including 30 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and 30 sham operations. Body weight and blood pressure were monitored before and up to 12 months after the operation. Blood lipids, blood creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were measured. Kidney pathology was assessed using HE staining, while renal fibrosis was observed via Masson staining. Inflammatory indicators were examined by ELISA. The expression of the NLRP3 gene in the kidney was measured using immunofluorescence and western blot, and the changes in key pathways including ASC/IL-1β protein were verified. RESULTS RYGB reduced the body weight of hypertensive obese rats and had a protective effect on blood pressure. Additionally, the bypass effectively mitigated renal inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, RYGB modulated the expression of NLRP3 and prevented kidney damage via the ASC/IL-1 pathway. CONCLUSION This study validates that RYGB effectively attains sustained blood pressure control in hypertensive obese rats and has a potential kidney-protective mechanism via the NLRP3-ASC/IL-1β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong City, 637000, Sichuan Province, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Gastroenterology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Xiangxin Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong City, 637000, Sichuan Province, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Gastroenterology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Ke Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong City, 637000, Sichuan Province, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Gastroenterology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Ming He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong City, 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yin Xian
- Nanchong Psychosomatic Hospital, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong City, 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Junming Cheng
- People's Hospital of Dazhu County, Dazhou, 635100, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rubing Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong City, 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yixing Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong City, 637000, Sichuan Province, China.
- General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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Adetunji TL, Acho MA, Samuel VO, Ohoro CR, Ramulondi M. Erythrina velutina Willd.: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117273. [PMID: 37820994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Erythrina velutina Willd., commonly known as "mulungu" in Brazil, is a leguminous tree with various traditional medicinal uses. These uses include treating insomnia, central nervous system disorders, convulsions, nervous cough, and inflammation. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to comprehensively summarize the ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constituents, pharmacology, and toxicology of E. velutina to explore its potential as a source for new therapeutic agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information was collected from scientific databases, dissertations, and books. Chemical structures were generated using ChemDraw. To ensure the accuracy of the plant names, "World Flora Online" (www.worldfloraonline.org) was consulted for the accepted names of plants. RESULTS E. velutina is indigenous to Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Hispaniola. Approximately 244 compounds, mainly alkaloids and flavonoids, have been isolated from it. The plant and its extracts have exhibited various bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, neuroprotective, analgesic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects, validating some of its traditional medicinal uses. Erythrina velutina shows promising therapeutic potential for conditions like convulsion, central nervous disorders, anxiety, insomnia, and inflammation, primarily due to its alkaloid and flavonoid content. CONCLUSION The traditional medicinal uses of the plant, combined with modern scientific research, underscore its pharmacological potential. This makes it a significant candidate for drug development. Further research should focus on conducting toxicological studies, clinical trials, and mechanistic investigations. These efforts will enable a comprehensive exploration of its pharmacological properties and potential applications in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Lois Adetunji
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | | | | | - Chinemerem Ruth Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Mmbulaheni Ramulondi
- Department of Science Access, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, South Africa.
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Yu H, Li JM, Deng K, Zhou W, Li KH, Wang CX, Wang Q, Wu M, Huang SW. GPX4 inhibition synergistically boosts mitochondria targeting nanoartemisinin-induced apoptosis/ferroptosis combination cancer therapy. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5831-5845. [PMID: 37439624 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00601h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin, originally used for its antimalarial activity, has received much attention in recent years for cancer therapy. The anticancer mechanisms of artemisinin are complicated and debatable. Challenges in the delivery of artemisinin also persist because the anticancer effect of artemisinin alone is often not satisfactory when used with traditional nanocarriers. We herein report the mitochondrial delivery of artemisinin with extremely high anticancer capacity. The action mode of artemisinin in the mitochondria of cancer cells includes heme-participating and oxygen-independent conversion of artemisinin into a carbon-centered radical, which is partly converted into ROS in the presence of molecular oxygen. We reveal that artemisinin alone in the mitochondria can induce strong cancer cell apoptosis. In addition, due to the weak inhibition of GPX4 activity by artemisinin, weak ferroptosis is also observed. We further discover that GPX4 activity in MCF-7 cells is greatly inhibited by RSL3 to synergistically enhance the anticancer capacity of artemisinin via enhancing ferroptosis. The synergistic anticancer activity of artemisinin and RSL3 in the mitochondria not only improves cancer cell-killing ability, but also inhibits the re-proliferation of residual cancer cells. This study provides a new insight into developing highly efficient and practical artemisinin nanomedicines for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Jia-Mi Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Kai Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Kun-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Cai-Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Shi-Wen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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Farrag EAE, Hammad MO, Safwat SM, Hamed S, Hellal D. Artemisinin attenuates type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats through modulation of AGE-RAGE/HMGB-1 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11043. [PMID: 37422477 PMCID: PMC10329689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37678-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder. About two-thirds of diabetic patients develop diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which becomes a challenging issue as it severely threatens the patient's life. Hyperglycemia and the resulting advanced glycated end products (AGE) and their receptor (RAGE)/High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB-1) molecular pathway are thought to be key players. Recently, artemisinin (ART) has gained more attention owing to its potent biological activities beyond its antimalarial effect. Herein, we aim to evaluate the effect of ART on DCM and the possible underlying mechanisms. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into: control, ART, type 2 diabetic and type 2 diabetic treated with ART groups. At the end of the research, the ECG was recorded, then the heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) ratio, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and HOMA-IR were evaluated. Cardiac biomarkers (CK-MB and LDH), oxidative stress markers, IL-1β, AGE, RAGE and HMGB-1 expression were also measured. The heart specimens were stained for H&E as well as Masson's trichrome. DCM induced disturbances in all studied parameters; contrary to this, ART improved these insults. Our study concluded that ART could improve DCM through modulation of the AGE-RAGE/HMGB-1 signaling pathway, with subsequent impacts on oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. ART could therefore be a promising therapy for the management of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A E Farrag
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Maha O Hammad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sally M Safwat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shereen Hamed
- Department of Medical Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Doaa Hellal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Yang WG, Sun A, Zhu R, Liu N, He WJ, Liu LL. Exploration of Artemisinin Against IgA Nephropathy via AKT/Nrf2 Pathway by Bioinformatics and Experimental Validation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1679-1697. [PMID: 37309415 PMCID: PMC10257916 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s403422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Artemisinin (ART) is a safe and effective antimalarial drug. In recent years, antimalarial drugs have demonstrated a good therapeutic efficacy in IgA nephropathy, suggesting that this may become a new treatment option. Purpose We aimed to evaluate the effect and mechanism of artemisinin in IgA nephropathy. Methods In this study, CMap database was used to predict the artemisinin therapeutic effect for IgA nephropathy. A network pharmacology approach was applied to explore the unknown mechanism of artemisinin in IgA nephropathy. We used molecular docking to predict the binding affinity of artemisinin with the targets. A mouse model of IgA nephropathy was established to investigate the therapeutic effect of artemisinin on IgA nephropathy. In vitro, the cell counting Kit-8 assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of artemisinin. Flow cytometry and PCR assays were used to detect the effects of artemisinin on oxidative stress and fibrosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mesangial cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of pathway proteins. Results CMap analysis showed artemisinin may reverse the expression levels of differentially expressed genes in IgA nephropathy. Eighty-seven potential targets of artemisinin in the treatment of IgA nephropathy were screened. Among them, 15 hub targets were identified. Enrichment analysis and GSEA analysis indicated that response to reactive oxygen species is the core biological process. AKT1 and EGFR had the highest docking affinity with artemisinin. In vivo, artemisinin could improve renal injury and fibrosis in mice. In vitro, artemisinin attenuated LPS-induced oxidative stress and fibrosis promoted AKT phosphorylation and Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Conclusion Artemisinin reduced the level of fibrosis and oxidative stress with IgA nephropathy through the AKT/Nrf2 pathway, which provided an alternative treatment for IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-guang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, Liao Ning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, Liao Ning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, Liao Ning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, Liao Ning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-jie He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, Liao Ning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-lin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, Liao Ning, People’s Republic of China
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Umam K, Feng CS, Yang G, Tu PC, Lin CY, Yang MT, Kuo TF, Yang WC, Tran Nguyen Minh H. Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Mode of Action of the Anti-Bacterial Artemisia Plants. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:633. [PMID: 37370564 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 70,000 people die of bacterial infections worldwide annually. Antibiotics have been liberally used to treat these diseases and, consequently, antibiotic resistance and drug ineffectiveness has been generated. In this environment, new anti-bacterial compounds are being urgently sought. Around 500 Artemisia species have been identified worldwide. Most species of this genus are aromatic and have multiple functions. Research into the Artemisia plants has expanded rapidly in recent years. Herein, we aim to update and summarize recent information about the phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of the Artemisia plants. A literature search of articles published between 2003 to 2022 in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science databases, and KNApSAcK metabolomics databases revealed that 20 Artemisia species and 75 compounds have been documented to possess anti-bacterial functions and multiple modes of action. We focus and discuss the progress in understanding the chemistry (structure and plant species source), anti-bacterial activities, and possible mechanisms of these phytochemicals. Mechanistic studies show that terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins and others (miscellaneous group) were able to destroy cell walls and membranes in bacteria and interfere with DNA, proteins, enzymes and so on in bacteria. An overview of new anti-bacterial strategies using plant compounds and extracts is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khotibul Umam
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, and National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Biotechnology Department, Sumbawa University of Technology, Sumbawa Besar 84371, NTB, Indonesia
| | - Ching-Shan Feng
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Greta Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chen Tu
- Sun Ten Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ting Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Fen Kuo
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, and National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Posadino AM, Giordo R, Pintus G, Mohammed SA, Orhan IE, Fokou PVT, Sharopov F, Adetunji CO, Gulsunoglu-Konuskan Z, Ydyrys A, Armstrong L, Sytar O, Martorell M, Razis AFA, Modu B, Calina D, Habtemariam S, Sharifi-Rad J, Cho WC. Medicinal and mechanistic overview of artemisinin in the treatment of human diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114866. [PMID: 37182516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin (ART) is a bioactive compound isolated from the plant Artemisia annua and has been traditionally used to treat conditions such as malaria, cancer, viral infections, bacterial infections, and some cardiovascular diseases, especially in Asia, North America, Europe and other parts of the world. This comprehensive review aims to update the biomedical potential of ART and its derivatives for treating human diseases highlighting its pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties based on the results of experimental pharmacological studies in vitro and in vivo. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of action, tested doses and toxic effects of artemisinin were also described. The analysis of data based on an up-to-date literature search showed that ART and its derivatives display anticancer effects along with a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial, antioxidant and cardioprotective effects. These compounds have great potential for discovering new drugs used as adjunctive therapies in cancer and various other diseases. Detailed translational and experimental studies are however needed to fully understand the pharmacological effects of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Giordo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, University City Rd, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Soheb Anwar Mohammed
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Vedat Dalokay Cad., No. 112, 06670 Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Farukh Sharopov
- V.I. Nikitin Chemistry Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Ayni 299/2, 734063 Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo State University Uzairue, Iyamho, PMB 04 Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Zehra Gulsunoglu-Konuskan
- Faculty of Health Science, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul 34295, Turkey
| | - Alibek Ydyrys
- Biomedical Research Centre, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi ave. 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Lorene Armstrong
- State University of Ponta Grossa, Departament of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 84030900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil; Federal University of Paraná, Department of Pharmacy, 80210170 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile; Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, 4070386 Concepción, Chile.
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Babagana Modu
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, 1069 Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | | | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Adderley J, Grau GE. Host-directed therapies for malaria: possible applications and lessons from other indications. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 71:102228. [PMID: 36395572 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Host-directed therapies (HDT) are rapidly advancing as a new and clinically relevant strategy to treat infectious disease. The application of HDT can be broadly used to (i) inhibit host factors essential for pathogen development, including host protein kinases, (ii) control detrimental immune signalling, resulting from excessive release of cytokines, chemokines and extracellular vesicles and (iii) strengthen host defence mechanisms, such as tight junctions in the endothelium. For malaria and other eukaryotic parasite-causing diseases, HDTs could provide a novel avenue to combat the growing resistance seen across all antimicrobials and provide protection against the severe forms of disease through modulation of the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Adderley
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Georges E Grau
- Vascular Immunology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Medical Foundation Building, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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10
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Jin Q, Liu T, Chen D, Yang L, Mao H, Ma F, Wang Y, Li P, Zhan Y. Therapeutic potential of artemisinin and its derivatives in managing kidney diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1097206. [PMID: 36874000 PMCID: PMC9974673 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1097206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin, an antimalarial traditional Chinese herb, is isolated from Artemisia annua. L, and has shown fewer side effects. Several pieces of evidence have demonstrated that artemisinin and its derivatives exhibited therapeutic effects on diseases like malaria, cancer, immune disorders, and inflammatory diseases. Additionally, the antimalarial drugs demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, regulating the immune system and autophagy and modulating glycolipid metabolism properties, suggesting an alternative for managing kidney disease. This review assessed the pharmacological activities of artemisinin. It summarized the critical outcomes and probable mechanism of artemisinins in treating kidney diseases, including inflammatory, oxidative stress, autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, glycolipid metabolism, insulin resistance, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and acute kidney injury, suggesting the therapeutic potential of artemisinin and its derivatives in managing kidney diseases, especially the podocyte-associated kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jin
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Danqian Chen
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ma
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Zhan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
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11
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Secondary Metabolites and Their Cytotoxic Activity of Artemisia nitrosa Weber. and Artemisia marschalliana Spreng. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228074. [PMID: 36432175 PMCID: PMC9694440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As a promising source of biologically active substances, the Artemisia species from Kazakhstan have not been investigated efficiently. Considering the rich history, medicinal values, and availability of the Artemisia plants, systematic investigations of two Artemisia species growing in the East Kazakhstan region were conducted. In this study, one new germacrane-type sesquiterpene lactone (11), together with 10 known sesquiterpenes and its dimer, were characterized from A. nitrosa Weber. Additionally, one new chromene derivative (1') with another 12 known compounds, including coumarins, sesquiterpene diketones, phenyl propanoids, polyacetylenics, dihydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, fatty acids, naphthalene derivatives, flavones, and caffeic acid derivatives were isolated from A. marschalliana Spreng. All compounds were isolated and identified for the first time from these two Artemisia species. The structures of new compounds (11, 1') were established by using UV, TOFMS, LC-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses. The cytotoxicity of all isolated compounds was evaluated. As a result, all compounds did not show significant inhibition against HL-60 and A-549 cell lines. The sesquiterpenoids isolated from A. nitrosa were tested for their inhibitory activity against the LPS-induced NO release from the RAW624.7 cells, and neither of them exhibited significant activity.
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12
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Li Z, Chen K, Rose P, Zhu YZ. Natural products in drug discovery and development: Synthesis and medicinal perspective of leonurine. Front Chem 2022; 10:1036329. [PMID: 36324522 PMCID: PMC9618625 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1036329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products, those molecules derived from nature, have been used by humans for thousands of years to treat ailments and diseases. More recently, these compounds have inspired chemists to use natural products as structural templates in the development of new drug molecules. One such compound is leonurine, a molecule isolated and characterized in the tissues of Herb leonuri. This molecule has received attention from scientists in recent years due to its potent anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. More recently researchers have shown leonurine to be useful in the treatment of cardiovascular and nervous system diseases. Like other natural products such as paclitaxel and artemisinin, the historical development of leonurine as a therapeutic is very interesting. Therefore, this review provided an overview of natural product discovery, through to the development of a potential new drug. Content will summarize known plant sources, the pathway used in the synthesis of leonurine, and descriptions of leonurine’s pharmacological properties in mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Keyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Peter Rose
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhun Zhu,
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13
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Rautela A, Kumar S. Engineering plant family TPS into cyanobacterial host for terpenoids production. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1791-1803. [PMID: 35789422 PMCID: PMC9253243 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are synthesized naturally by plants as secondary metabolites, and are diverse and complex in structure with multiple applications in bioenergy, food, cosmetics, and medicine. This makes the production of terpenoids such as isoprene, β-phellandrene, farnesene, amorphadiene, and squalene valuable, owing to which their industrial demand cannot be fulfilled exclusively by plant sources. They are synthesized via the Methylerythritol phosphate pathway (MEP) and the Mevalonate pathway (MVA), both existing in plants. The advent of genetic engineering and the latest accomplishments in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering allow microbial synthesis of terpenoids. Cyanobacteria manifest to be the promising hosts for this, utilizing sunlight and CO2. Cyanobacteria possess MEP pathway to generate precursors for terpenoid synthesis. The terpenoid synthesis can be amplified by overexpressing the MEP pathway and engineering MVA pathway genes. According to the desired terpenoid, terpene synthases unique to the plant kingdom must be incorporated in cyanobacteria. Engineering an organism to be used as a cell factory comes with drawbacks such as hampered cell growth and disturbance in metabolic flux. This review set forth a comparison between MEP and MVA pathways, strategies to overexpress these pathways with their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Rautela
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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14
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Efficacy of Prednisolone/Zn Metal Complex and Artemisinin Either Alone or in Combination on Lung Functions after Excessive Exposure to Electronic Cigarettes Aerosol with Assessment of Antibacterial Activity. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of transition metal complexes as therapeutic compounds has become more and more pronounced. These complexes offer a great diversity of uses in their medicinal applications. Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are an electronic nicotine delivery system that contain aerosol (ECR). The ligation behavior of prednisolone, which is a synthetic steroid that is used to treat allergic diseases and asthma arthritis, and its Zn (II) metal complex were studied and characterized based on elemental analysis, molar conductance, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, electronic spectra, XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The FT-IR spectral data revealed that PRD acts as a mono-dentate ligand via oxygen atoms of the carbonyl group. Electronic and FT-IR data revealed that the PRD/Zn (II) metal complexes have square planner geometry. Artemisinin (ART) is the active main constituent of Artemisia annua extract, and it has been demonstrated to exert an excellent antimalarial effect. The experiment was performed on 40 male mice that were divided into the following 7 groups: Control, EC group, PRD/Zn, ART, EC plus PRD/Zn, EC plus ART, and PRD plus combination of PRD/Zn and ART. Serum CRP, IL-6, and antioxidants biomarkers were determined. Pulmonary tissue histology was evaluated. When in combination with Zn administration, PRD showed potent protective effects against pulmonary biochemical alterations induced by ECR and suppressed severe oxidative stress and pulmonary structure alterations. Additionally, PRD/Zn combined with ART prevented any stress on the pulmonary tissues via antioxidant regulation, reducing inflammatory markers CRP and Il-6 and improving antioxidant enzymatic levels more than either PRD or ART alone. Therefore, PRD/Zn combined with ART produced a synergistic effect against any sort of oxidative stress and also improved the histological structure of the lung tissues. These findings are of great importance for saving pulmonary function, especially during pandemic diseases, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Efficacy and safety of artesunate for patients with IgA nephropathy: a study protocol for a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:444. [PMID: 35614482 PMCID: PMC9134594 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy is the most common glomerular disease and is a common cause of progression to end-stage renal disease in patients with kidney diseases. Proteinuria levels are critical for the prognosis of patients with IgA nephropathy, but many patients are still unable to effectively control their proteinuria levels after receiving RAAS blockers. Antimalarial drugs have shown good efficacy in the treatment of kidney disease in previous studies; however, there have been no strictly designed randomized controlled trials to confirm the clinical efficacy of artesunate for treating IgA nephropathy patients. Therefore, we designed this clinical trial to compare the effect of artesunate versus placebo in patients with IgA nephropathy. METHODS This study is a randomized, double-blind, three-group-parallel, placebo-controlled clinical trial. One hundred and twenty eligible IgA nephropathy patients at risk of progression will be randomly divided into the artesunate 100-mg group, artesunate 50-mg group, and placebo group. Changes in proteinuria and renal function will be measured 6 months after the intervention. The levels of Gd-IgA1 and anti-Gd-IgA1 in the patient's blood will also be tested to explore the possible immune mechanisms. DISCUSSION Clinical evidence supporting artesunate treatment of IgA nephropathy is currently lacking, and we expect that the results of this trial will provide high-quality clinical evidence for artesunate as a treatment option for IgA nephropathy in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000038104 . Registered on 10 September 2020.
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16
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Gurung AB, Ali MA, Lee J, Farah MA, Al-Anazi KM, Al-Hemaid F. Artesunate induces substantial topological alterations in the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 protein structure. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY. SCIENCE 2022; 34:101810. [PMID: 35002180 PMCID: PMC8722475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The need for novel antiviral treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues with the widespread infections and fatalities throughout the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the deadly disease, relies on the non-structural protein Nsp1 for multiplication within the host cells and disarms the host immune defences by various mechanisms. Herein, we investigated the potential of artemisinin and its derivatives as possible inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 through various computational approaches. Molecular docking results show that artemisinin (CID68827) binds to Nsp1 with a binding energy of -6.53 kcal/mol and an inhibition constant of 16.43 µM. The top 3 derivatives Artesunate (CID6917864), Artemiside (CID53323323) and Artemisone (CID11531457) show binding energies of -7.92 kcal/mol, -7.46 kcal/mol and -7.36 kcal/mol respectively. Hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding with Val10, Arg11, and Gln50 helped to stabilize the protein-ligand complexes. The pharmacokinetic properties of these molecules show acceptable properties. The geometric parameters derived from large-scale MD simulation studies provided insights into the changes in the structural topology of Nsp1 upon binding of Artesunate. Thus, the findings of our research highlight the importance of artemisinin and its derivatives in the development of drugs to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Bahadur Gurung
- Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Mohammad Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joongku Lee
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Abul Farah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mashay Al-Anazi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Sharifi-Rad J, Herrera-Bravo J, Semwal P, Painuli S, Badoni H, Ezzat SM, Farid MM, Merghany RM, Aborehab NM, Salem MA, Sen S, Acharya K, Lapava N, Martorell M, Tynybekov B, Calina D, Cho WC. Artemisia spp.: An Update on Its Chemical Composition, Pharmacological and Toxicological Profiles. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5628601. [PMID: 36105486 PMCID: PMC9467740 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5628601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia plants are traditional and ethnopharmacologically used to treat several diseases and in addition in food, spices, and beverages. The genus is widely distributed in all continents except the Antarctica, and traditional medicine has been used as antimalarial, antioxidant, anticancer, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral agents. This review is aimed at systematizing scientific data on the geographical distribution, chemical composition, and pharmacological and toxicological profiles of the Artemisia genus. Data from the literature on Artemisia plants were taken using electronic databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Selected papers for this updated study included data about phytochemicals, preclinical pharmacological experimental studies with molecular mechanisms included, clinical studies, and toxicological and safety data. In addition, ancient texts and books were consulted. The essential oils and phytochemicals of the Artemisia genus have reported important biological activities, among them the artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone, with antimalarial activity. Artemisia absinthium L. is one of the most famous Artemisia spp. due to its use in the production of the absinthe drink which is restricted in most countries because of neurotoxicity. The analyzed studies confirmed that Artemisia plants have many traditional and pharmacological applications. However, scientific data are limited to clinical and toxicological research. Therefore, further research is needed on these aspects to understand the full therapeutic potential and molecular pharmacological mechanisms of this medicinal species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- 2Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
- 3Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- 4Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed To Be University, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- 5Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology (UCB), Prem Nagar, Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Himani Badoni
- 6Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shahira M. Ezzat
- 7Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- 8Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Mai M. Farid
- 9Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P. O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rana M. Merghany
- 10Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nora M. Aborehab
- 11Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Salem
- 12Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Nasr St., Shibin El Kom, 32511 Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Surjit Sen
- 13Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
- 14Department of Botany, Fakir Chand College, Diamond Harbour, West Bengal 743331, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- 13Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Natallia Lapava
- 15Medicine Standardization Department, Vitebsk State Medical University, Belarus
| | - Miquel Martorell
- 16Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, And Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- 17Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Bekzat Tynybekov
- 18Department of Biodiversity of Bioresources, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Daniela Calina
- 19Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - William C. Cho
- 20Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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18
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The Regulatory Effects and the Signaling Pathways of Natural Bioactive Compounds on Ferroptosis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122952. [PMID: 34945503 PMCID: PMC8700948 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds abundantly presented in foods and medicinal plants have recently received a remarkable attention because of their various biological activities and minimal toxicity. In recent years, many natural compounds appear to offer significant effects in the regulation of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is the forefront of international scientific research which has been exponential growth since the term was coined. This type of regulated cell death is driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation. Recent studies have shown that numerous organ injuries and pathophysiological processes of many diseases are driven by ferroptosis, such as cancer, arteriosclerosis, neurodegenerative disease, diabetes, ischemia-reperfusion injury and acute renal failure. It is reported that the initiation and inhibition of ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in lipid peroxidation, organ damage, neurodegeneration and cancer growth and progression. Recently, many natural phytochemicals extracted from edible plants have been demonstrated to be novel ferroptosis regulators and have the potential to treat ferroptosis-related diseases. This review provides an updated overview on the role of natural bioactive compounds and the potential signaling pathways in the regulation of ferroptosis.
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Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Artemisia and Their Biological Significance: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226995. [PMID: 34834086 PMCID: PMC8618776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse medicinal plants such as those from the genus Artemisia have been employed globally for centuries by individuals belonging to different cultures. Universally, Artemisia species have been used to remedy various maladies that range from simple fevers to malaria. A survey conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) demonstrated that 80% of the global population is highly reliant on herbal medicine for their primary healthcare. WHO recommends artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT) for the treatment of global diseases such as malaria. Artemisinin is a bioactive compound derived from Artemisia annua leaves. It is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide with potent antimalarial properties. This review strives to instill natural products to chemists and others in diverse fields with a heterogeneous set of knowledge compiled from multifaceted researchers and organizations in literature. In particular, the various Artemisia species and effective extraction, isolation, and characterization methodologies are discussed in detail. An in-depth investigation into the literature reveals that divergent species of Artemisia exhibit a vast array of biological activities such as antimalarial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. There is substantial potential for bioactive compounds from Artemisia to provide significant relief from differing human ailments, but more meticulous research in this field is needed.
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20
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Wang Z, Yang L. Chinese herbal medicine: Fighting SARS-CoV-2 infection on all fronts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113869. [PMID: 33485973 PMCID: PMC7825841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly pathogenic virus that has spread rapidly across the entire world. There is a critical need to develop safe and effective drugs, especially broad-spectrum antiviral and organ protection agents in order to treat and prevent this dangerous disease. It is possible that Chinese herbal medicine may play an essential role in the treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. AIM OF THE REVIEW We aim to review the use of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of COVID-19 both in vitro and in clinical practice. Our goal was to provide a better understanding of the potential therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine and to establish a "Chinese protocol" for the treatment of COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically reviewed published research relating to traditional Chinese herbal medicines and the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 from inception to the 6th January 2021 by screening a range of digital databases (Web of Science, bioRxiv, medRxiv, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, X-MOL, Wanfang Data, Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, and other resources) and public platforms relating to the management of clinical trials. We included the active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines, monomer preparations, crude extracts, and formulas for the treatment of COVID-19. RESULTS In mainland China, a range of Chinese herbal medicines have been recognized as very promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents, including active ingredients (quercetagetin, osajin, tetrandrine, proscillaridin A, and dihydromyricetin), monomer preparations (xiyanping injection, matrine-sodium chloride injection, diammonium glycyrrhizinate enteric-coated capsules, and sodium aescinate injection), crude extracts (Scutellariae Radix extract and garlic essential oil), and formulas (Qingfei Paidu decoction, Lianhuaqingwen capsules, and Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid). All these agents have potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 and have attracted significant attention due to their activities both in vitro and in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS As a key component of the COVID-19 treatment regimen, Chinese herbal medicines have played an irreplaceable role in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The "Chinese protocol" has already demonstrated clear clinical importance. The use of Chinese herbal medicines that are capable of inhibiting SARS-Cov-2 infection may help to address this immediate unmet clinical need and may be attractive to other countries that are also seeking new options for effective COVID-19 treatment. Our analyses suggest that countries outside of China should also consider protocols involving Chinese herbal medicines combat this fast-spreading viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Liyan Yang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China.
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21
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Sri Laasya T, Thakur S, Poduri R, Joshi G. Current insights toward kidney injury: Decrypting the dual role and mechanism involved of herbal drugs in inducing kidney injury and its treatment. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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