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Sabarathinam S, Jayaraman A, Venkatachalapathy R. Computational exploration of Ganoderma lucidum metabolites as potential anti-atherosclerotic agents: Insights from molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 112:108160. [PMID: 39098136 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a unique form of fungus utilized in Chinese medicine for various therapies as it exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activity. In this study, the purpose is to evaluate the possible drug-like qualities of the metabolites of G. lucidium as well as the impact that these metabolites have on the pathways involved in atherosclerosis. Throughout our research, a total of 17 compounds were chosen based on their drug-like properties. These compounds were then utilized in the subsequent networking and docking simulations. According to the findings, the compound ganodone has a maximum binding energy of -7.243 Kcal/mol. In terms of the binding energy, it has been discovered that the compound cianidanol has the lowest value. Based on the findings of the molecular docking investigations, it was determined that TNF, AKT1, SRC, and STAT3 exhibited a higher affinity for the complex. To determine this, molecular dynamics simulation was performed for about 100 nanoseconds. Following the completion of the GO functional analysis, it was discovered that the target genes were involved in the processes of protein binding, ATP binding, enzyme binding, and protein tyrosine kinase activity. Overall, the study results provide a view of possible metabolites that may have an impact on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Sabarathinam
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Akash Jayaraman
- Certifcate Programme-Analytical Techniques in Herbal Drug Industry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Ramesh Venkatachalapathy
- Certifcate Programme-Analytical Techniques in Herbal Drug Industry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
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2
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Wu Z, Yang L, Wang R, Yang J, Liang P, Ren W, Yu H. Exploring the Mechanism of Asiatic Acid against Atherosclerosis Based on Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, and Experimental Verification. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:969. [PMID: 39065817 PMCID: PMC11279847 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a pentacyclic triterpene derived from the traditional medicine Centella asiatica. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid-regulating properties. Though previous studies have suggested its potential therapeutic benefits for atherosclerosis, its pharmacological mechanism is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of AA in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Therefore, network pharmacology was employed to uncover the mechanism by which AA acts as an anti-atherosclerotic agent. Furthermore, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and in vitro experiments were performed to elucidate the mechanism of AA's anti-atherosclerotic effects. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated a strong affinity between AA and PPARγ. Further MD simulations demonstrated the favorable stability of AA-PPARγ protein complexes. In vitro experiments demonstrated that AA can dose-dependently inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells. This effect may be mediated through the PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway. This research underscores anti-inflammation as a crucial biological process in AA treatments for atherosclerosis, with PPARγ potentially serving as a key target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (Z.W.); (R.W.)
| | - Luyin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (Z.W.); (R.W.)
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (Z.W.); (R.W.)
| | - Pan Liang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Wei Ren
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hong Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (Z.W.); (R.W.)
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Terekhov RP, Savina AD, Pankov DI, Korochkina MD, Taldaev A, Yakubovich LM, Zavadskiy SP, Zhevlakova AK, Selivanova IA. Insights into the stereoisomerism of dihydroquercetin: analytical and pharmacological aspects. Front Chem 2024; 12:1439167. [PMID: 39050369 PMCID: PMC11267486 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1439167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is a representative of flavonoids that is available on the market as a food supplement and registered as an active pharmaceutical ingredient. The structure of this compound is characterized by the presence of two chiral centers in positions 2 and 3 of the pyranone ring. Current regulatory documentation on DHQ lacks quantitative analysis of the stereoisomers of this flavanonol. This poses potential risks for consumers of DHQ-based dietary supplements and developers of new drugs. This review was conducted to systematize data on the pharmacology of DHQ stereoisomers and the possible methods of controlling them in promising chiral drugs. We found that relying on literature data of polarimetry for the identification of DHQ stereoisomers is currently impossible due to these heterogeneities. NMR spectroscopy allows to distinguishing between trans- and cis-DHQ using chemical shifts values. Only HPLC is currently characterized by sufficient enantioselectivity. Regarding pharmacology, the most active stereoisomer of DHQ should be identified, if the substituents in chiral centers both take part in binding with the biological target. The significant impact of stereochemical structure on the pharmacokinetics of DHQ isomers was reported. The question about these toxicity of these compounds remains open. The results of the conducted review of scientific literature indicate the necessity of revising the pharmacology of DHQ taking into account its stereoisomerism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman P. Terekhov
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya D. Savina
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis I. Pankov
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria D. Korochkina
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Amir Taldaev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Aging-Related Diseases, Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liubov M. Yakubovich
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey P. Zavadskiy
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Irina A. Selivanova
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Edo GI, Samuel PO, Nwachukwu SC, Ikpekoro VO, Promise O, Oghenegueke O, Ongulu J, Otunuya CF, Rapheal OA, Ajokpaoghene MO, Okolie MC, Ajakaye RS. A review on the biological and bioactive components of Cyperus esculentus L.: insight on food, health and nutrition. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38769860 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) is a small, tuberous root vegetable that has gained increasing attention in recent years due to its potential health benefits. This review article provides an elaborate overview of tiger nut, including its botany, historical uses, nutritional composition, potential health benefits and traditional medicinal uses. This review article comprehensively discusses the nutritional profile of tiger nut, providing a detailed understanding of its nutrient content. Furthermore, the potential health benefits of tiger nut are thoroughly reviewed, including its effects on digestive health, cardiovascular health, blood sugar control, immune function and other potential therapeutic uses. Scientific articles used for this review were retrieved from ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed and SciELO databases. Only articles published between 1997 and 2022 were used for research. This review contributes to a better understanding of tiger nut and its prospective uses in functional foods and medicine by combining the available scientific material. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Great Iruoghene Edo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
- Faculty of Science, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
| | - Princess Oghenekeno Samuel
- Faculty of Science, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
| | - Susan Chinedu Nwachukwu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
| | - Victor Ovie Ikpekoro
- Faculty of Science, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
| | - Obasohan Promise
- Faculty of Science, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
| | - Ogheneochuko Oghenegueke
- Faculty of Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
| | - Jonathan Ongulu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
| | - Chinenye Favour Otunuya
- Faculty of Science, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
| | - Opiti Ajiri Rapheal
- Faculty of Science, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
| | - Mercy Orezimena Ajokpaoghene
- Faculty of Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
| | - Michael Chukwuma Okolie
- Faculty of Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
| | - Ruth Sheyi Ajakaye
- Faculty of Science, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
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Ni D, Lei C, Liu M, Peng J, Yi G, Mo Z. Cell death in atherosclerosis. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:495-518. [PMID: 38678316 PMCID: PMC11135874 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2344943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A complex and evolutionary process that involves the buildup of lipids in the arterial wall and the invasion of inflammatory cells results in atherosclerosis. Cell death is a fundamental biological process that is essential to the growth and dynamic equilibrium of all living things. Serious cell damage can cause a number of metabolic processes to stop, cell structure to be destroyed, or other irreversible changes that result in cell death. It is important to note that studies have shown that the two types of programmed cell death, apoptosis and autophagy, influence the onset and progression of atherosclerosis by controlling these cells. This could serve as a foundation for the creation of fresh atherosclerosis prevention and treatment strategies. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms of cell death, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis and necrosis, and discussed their effects on endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages in the process of atherosclerosis, so as to provide reference for the next step to reveal the mechanism of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ni
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Cai Lei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Minqi Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Province Postgraduate Co-training Base for Cooperative Innovation in Basic Medicine (Guilin Medical University and Yueyang Women & Children’s Medical Center), Yueyang, China
| | - Jinfu Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guanghui Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongcheng Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Province Postgraduate Co-training Base for Cooperative Innovation in Basic Medicine (Guilin Medical University and Yueyang Women & Children’s Medical Center), Yueyang, China
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Ravi S, Duraisamy P, Krishnan M, Martin LC, Manikandan B, Ramar M. Sitosterol-rich Digera muricata against 7-ketocholesterol and lipopolysaccharide-mediated atherogenic responses by modulating NF-ΚB/iNOS signalling pathway in macrophages. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:331. [PMID: 37670802 PMCID: PMC10475456 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Digera muricata L., commonly known as Tartara, is an edible herb used as traditional medicine in many countries of Africa and Asia. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of a phytosterol-rich extract of D. muricata on 7-ketocholesterol-mediated atherosclerosis in macrophages. The extract was examined by phytochemical analyses, GC-MS, TLC, DPPH scavenging and hRBC membrane stabilization assays. Macrophage polarization was studied with experimental groups framed based on alamar blue cell viability and griess assays. Regulations of arginase enzyme activity, ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell membrane integrity, pinocytosis, lipid uptake and peroxidation, as well as, intracellular calcium deposition were determined. In addition, expressions of atherogenic mediators were analysed using PCR, ELISA and immunocytochemistry techniques. Diverse phytochemicals with higher free radical scavenging activity and anti-inflammatory potential have been detected in the D. muricata. Co-treatment with D. muricata markedly reduced the atherogenic responses induced by 7KCh in the presence of LPS such as ROS, especially, NO and O2- along with lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, D. muricata significantly normalized mitochondrial membrane potential, cell membrane integrity, pinocytic activity, intracellular lipid accumulation and calcium deposition. These results provided us with the potentiality of D. muricata in ameliorating atherogenesis. Additionally, it decreased the expression of pro-atherogenic mediators (iNOS, COX-2, MMP9, IL-6, IL-1β, CD36, CD163 and TGFβ1) and increased anti-atherogenic mediators (MRC1 and PPARγ) with high cellular expressions of NF-κB and iNOS. Results showed the potential of sitosterol-rich D. muricata as a versatile biomedical therapeutic agent against abnormal macrophage polarization and its associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ravi
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
| | | | - Mahalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
| | | | - Beulaja Manikandan
- Department of Biochemistry, Annai Veilankanni’s College for Women, Chennai, 600 015 India
| | - Manikandan Ramar
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
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Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytoprotective Effects of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Fruit Extracts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030420. [PMID: 36986519 PMCID: PMC10058959 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornus mas L. is characterized by an increased quantity of bioactive compounds, namely polyphenols, monoterpenes, organic acids, vitamin C and lipophilic compounds such as carotenoids, being anciently used in the treatment of various diseases. This paper’s objectives were to characterize the phytochemical profile of Cornus mas L. fruits and to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytoprotective effects on renal cells exposed to gentamicin. As such, two ethanolic extracts were obtained. The resulting extracts were used to assess the total polyphenols, flavonoids and carotenoids through spectral and chromatographic methods. The antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH and FRAP assays. Due to the high content of phenolic compounds analyzed in fruits and the results obtained regarding antioxidant capacity, we decided to further use the ethanolic extract to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial and cytoprotective effects on renal cells stressed with gentamicin. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods, with great results regarding Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cytotoxic activity was assessed using MTT and Annexin-V assays. According to the findings, extract-treated cells had a higher cell viability. However, at high concentrations, viability was shown to decline, most likely due to the extract and gentamicin’s additive effects.
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Verma T, Aggarwal A, Dey P, Chauhan AK, Rashid S, Chen KT, Sharma R. Medicinal and therapeutic properties of garlic, garlic essential oil, and garlic-based snack food: An updated review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1120377. [PMID: 36875845 PMCID: PMC9978857 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1120377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is an edible tuber belonging to the family Liliaceae. It has been used since ancient times as a spice to enhance the sensory characteristics of food and as a household remedy for the treatment of a variety of ailments. Garlic has been studied for its medicinal and therapeutic effects in the treatment of various human diseases for a long time. Health benefits associated with the consumption of garlic are attributed to the various sulfur compounds present in it such as allicin, ajoene, vinyl-dithiin, and other volatile organosulfur compounds which are all metabolized from alliin. Several researches in the literature have shown evidence that garlic exhibits antioxidant, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, antihypertensive, anti-anemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anticarcinogenic, antiaggregant, and immunomodulatory properties. The present review identifies and discusses the various health benefits associated with the consumption of garlic, its essential oil, and bioactive constituents, along with exploring the various snack-food products developed by incorporating garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Verma
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankur Aggarwal
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Dey
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kow-Tong Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chaudhary P, Singh D, Swapnil P, Meena M, Janmeda P. Euphorbia neriifolia (Indian Spurge Tree): A Plant of Multiple Biological and Pharmacological Activities. SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 15:1225. [DOI: 10.3390/su15021225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although India has a well-established and growing economy surrounding synthetic drug chemistry with an antibiotic base, a large part of the population, especially in forested villages and tribal belts, is relying solely on plant-derived drugs. This is due to a lower number of side effects, low chances of resistance development against pathogenic microorganisms, as well as the diversity and affordability of such drugs. In the Indian subcontinents, Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. (EN) is one of the valuable plants from the big family of Euphorbiaceae, which is usually found in rocky and hilly areas. E. neriifolia was found to be useful in curing tumors, abdominal swelling, bronchial infection, hydrophobia, earache, cough and cold, asthma, leprosy, gonorrhea, spleen enlargement, leucoderma, snake bites, scorpion stings, and causing appetite improvement, etc. Different in vitro and in vivo experimental studies were performed to determine the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, wound healing, anti-atherosclerosis, radioprotective, anti-anxiety, anti-convulsant, anti-psychotic, anti-thrombotic, dermal irritation, hemolytic, analgesic, anti-fertility, diuretic, anti-microbial, anti-diarrheal, and anti-carcinogenic activities of the various parts of EN. Several bioactive compounds, such as euphol, nerifoliol, taraxerol, euphonerins A–G, lectin, etc., were isolated from E. neriifolia and need to be investigated further for various biological activities (cardiovascular and neuronal diseases). In the pharmaceutical sector, E. neriifolia was selected for the development of new drugs due to its broad pharmacological activities. Therefore, in the present review, distribution, classification, morphological and microscopical description, phytochemical investigation, pharmacological activities, medicinal uses, harmful effects, and their treatment were evaluated, especially against different lifestyle-related diseases.
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Chen Y, Gan Y, Yu J, Ye X, Yu W. Key ingredients in Verbena officinalis and determination of their anti-atherosclerotic effect using a computer-aided drug design approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1154266. [PMID: 37077636 PMCID: PMC10106644 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1154266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders may considerably contribute to the formation and development of atherosclerosis (AS). Traditional Chinese medicine has received considerable attention in recent years owing to its ability to treat lipid metabolism disorders using multiple components and targets. Verbena officinalis (VO), a Chinese herbal medicine, exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective effects. Evidence suggests that VO regulates lipid metabolism; however, its role in AS remains unclear. In the present study, an integrated network pharmacology approach, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) were applied to examine the mechanism of VO against AS. Analysis revealed 209 potential targets for the 11 main ingredients in VO. Further, 2698 mechanistic targets for AS were identified, including 147 intersection targets between VO and AS. Quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol were considered key ingredients for the treatment of AS based on a potential ingredient target-AS target network. GO analysis revealed that biological processes were primarily associated with responses to xenobiotic stimuli, cellular responses to lipids, and responses to hormones. Cell components were predominantly focused on the membrane microdomain, membrane raft, and caveola nucleus. Molecular functions were mainly focused on DNA-binding transcription factor binding, RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding, and transcription factor binding. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified pathways in cancer, fluid shear stress, and atherosclerosis, with lipid and atherosclerosis being the most significantly enriched pathways. Molecular docking revealed that three key ingredients in VO (i.e., quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol) strongly interacted with three potential targets (i.e., AKT1, IL-6, and TNF-α). Further, MDS revealed that quercetin had a stronger binding affinity for AKT1. These findings suggest that VO has beneficial effects on AS via these potential targets that are closely related to the lipid and atherosclerosis pathways. Our study utilized a new computer-aided drug design to identify key ingredients, potential targets, various biological processes, and multiple pathways associated with the clinical roles of VO in AS, which provides a comprehensive and systemic pharmacological explanation for the anti-atherosclerotic activity of VO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Jingxuan Yu
- Clinical Medical College, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of South Hubei Province, Xianning, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Yu,
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11
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Grewal J, Kumar V, Gandhi Y, Rawat H, Singh R, Singh A, Narasimhaji CV, Acharya R, Mishra SK. Current Perspective and Mechanistic Insights on Bioactive Plant Secondary Metabolites for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:157-176. [PMID: 37921163 DOI: 10.2174/011871529x262371231009132426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most prevalent medical conditions of modern era and are one of the primary causes of adult mortality in both developing and developed countries. Conventional medications such as use of aspirin, beta-blockers, statins and angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitors involve use of drugs with many antagonistic effects. Hence, alternative therapies which are safe, effective, and relatively cheap are increasingly being investigated for the treatment and prevention of CVDs. The secondary metabolites of medicinal plants contain several bioactive compounds which have emerged as alternatives to toxic modern medicines. The detrimental effects of CVDs can be mitigated via the use of various bioactive phytochemicals such as catechin, isoflavones, quercetin etc. present in medicinal plants. Current review intends to accumulate previously published data over the years using online databases concerning herbal plant based secondary metabolites that can help in inhibition and treatment of CVDs. An in-depth review of various phytochemical constituents with therapeutic actions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxant, anti-hypertensive and cardioprotective properties has been delineated. An attempt has been made to provide a probable mechanistic overview for the pertinent phytoconstituent which will help in achieving a better prognosis and effective treatment for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotika Grewal
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Yashika Gandhi
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Hemant Rawat
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Ravindra Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Arjun Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Ch V Narasimhaji
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Rabinarayan Acharya
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Sujeet K Mishra
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
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Kim ME, Kim DH, Lee JS. Transcription Factors as Targets of Natural Compounds in Age-Related Diseases and Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213882. [PMID: 36430361 PMCID: PMC9696520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation exacerbates systemic pathophysiological conditions and chronic inflammation is a sustained and systemic phenomenon that aggravates aging that can lead to chronic age-related diseases. These inflammatory phenomena have recently been redefined and delineated at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels. Many transcription factors that are activated in response to tumor metabolic state have been reported to be regulated by a class of histone deacetylase called sirtuins (SIRTs). Sirtuins play a pivotal role in the regulation of tumor cell metabolism, proliferation, and angiogenesis, including oxidative stress and inflammation. The SIRT1-mediated signaling pathway in diabetes and cancer is the SIRT1/forkhead-box class O (FoxO)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In this review, we describe the accumulation of SIRT1-, NF-κB-, and FoxO-mediated inflammatory processes and cellular proinflammatory signaling pathways. We also describe the proinflammatory mechanisms underlying metabolic molecular pathways in various diseases such as liver cancer and diabetes. Finally, the regulation of cancer and diabetes through the anti-inflammatory effects of natural compounds is highlighted. Evidence from inflammation studies strongly suggests that cells may be a major source of cytokines secreted during various diseases. A better understanding of the mechanisms that underpin the inflammatory response and palliative role of natural compounds will provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of inflammation and various diseases for potential intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Eun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Immunology Research Lab, BK21-plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Immunology Research Lab, BK21-plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.H.K.); (J.S.L.); Tel.: +82-062-230-6651 (J.S.L.)
| | - Jun Sik Lee
- Department of Life Science, Immunology Research Lab, BK21-plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- LKBio Inc., Chosun University Business Incubator (CUBI) Building, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.H.K.); (J.S.L.); Tel.: +82-062-230-6651 (J.S.L.)
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13
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Wu W, Liu W, Wang H, Wang W, Chu W, Jin J. β-sitosterol inhibits trimethylamine production by regulating the gut microbiota and attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:986905. [PMID: 36386330 PMCID: PMC9663806 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.986905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbial metabolite trimethylamine (TMA), which is activated by flavin monooxygenase (FMO) to produce trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS), leading to the development of therapeutic strategies for AS. This study aimed to investigate whether β-sitosterol can inhibit TMA production in ApoE-/- mice by reshaping the gut microbial structure. 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiota showed that β-sitosterol has beneficial effects on intestinal flora function, especially the inhibition of bacteria genera that contain the gene cholintrimethylamine lyase, which is responsible for the major pathway for TMA production. In parallel, β-sitosterol effectively reduced the TMA, FMO3, and TMAO levels while ameliorating the atherosclerotic plaques of AS mice. Moreover, β-sitosterol could alleviate cholesterol metabolism and the inflammatory response, and improve the antioxidant defense capacity. These studies offer new insights into the mechanisms responsible for the antiatherosclerotic effects of β-sitosterol, which targets the microbiota-metabolism-immunity axis as a possible therapy for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wugao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huafu Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihua Chu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Weihua Chu,
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Jing Jin,
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Protection against Paraquat-Induced Oxidative Stress by Curcuma longa Extract-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles in Zebrafish Embryos. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183773. [PMID: 36145919 PMCID: PMC9503139 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between oxidative stress and environmental factors plays an important role in chronic degenerative diseases; therefore, exogenous antioxidants could be an effective alternative to combat disease progression and/or most significant symptoms. Curcuma longa L. (CL), commonly known as turmeric, is mostly composed of curcumin, a multivalent molecule described as having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Poor chemical stability and low oral bioavailability and, consequently, poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and limited tissue distribution are major restrictions to its applicability. The advent of nanotechnology, by combining nanosacale with multi-functionality and bioavailability improvement, offers an opportunity to overcome these limitations. Therefore, in this work, poly-Ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles were developed to incorporate the methanolic extract of CL, and their bioactivity was assessed in comparison to free or encapsulated curcumin. Their toxicity was evaluated using zebrafish embryos by applying the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity test, following recommended OECD guidelines. The protective effect against paraquat-induced oxidative damage of CL extract, free or encapsulated in PCL nanoparticles, was evaluated. This herbicide is known to cause oxidative damage and greatly affect neuromotor functions. The overall results indicate that CL-loaded PCL nanoparticles have an interesting protective capacity against paraquat-induced damage, particularly in neuromuscular development that goes well beyond that of CL extract itself and other known antioxidants.
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15
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Atheroprotective Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154697. [PMID: 35897875 PMCID: PMC9332620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases associated with atherosclerosis are the major cause of death in developed countries. Early prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis are considered to be an important aspect of the therapy of cardiovascular disease. Preparations based on natural products affect the main pathogenetic steps of atherogenesis, and so represent a perspective for the long-term prevention of atherosclerosis development. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated the multiple beneficial effects of licorice and its bioactive compounds—anti-inflammatory, anti-cytokine, antioxidant, anti-atherogenic, and anti-platelet action—which allow us to consider licorice as a promising atheroprotective agent. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the licorice anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms of action based on the results of experimental studies, including the results of the in vitro study demonstrating licorice effect on the ability of blood serum to reduce intracellular cholesterol accumulation in cultured macrophages, and presented the results of clinical studies confirming the ameliorating activity of licorice in regard to traditional cardiovascular risk factors as well as the direct anti-atherosclerotic effect of licorice.
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16
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Damay VA, Setiawan S, Lesmana R, Akbar MR, Lukito AA. Effects of Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise to FSTL-1 Regulation in Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review. Int J Angiol 2022; 32:1-10. [PMID: 36727145 PMCID: PMC9886452 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Moderate intensity exercise is considered as a primary step to prevent coronary artery diseases (CADs) by stimulated FSTL-1 secretion as a novel myokines to improve endothelial cell function, prevent arterial stiffness, or vascular inflammation. This review aims to provide the current evident role of FSTL-1 as a novel myokine secreted during exercise to prevent atherosclerosis progression. A systematic review using databases from (PubMed), ScienceDirect, and The Cochrane Library, was conducted up to October 2021 to identify all the eligible experimental and observational studies that assess how moderate intensity exercises stimulate FSTL-1 secretion to prevent atherosclerosis. Results were described through narrative synthesis of the evidence. From 84 retrieved references, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The overall results suggest that exercise or physical activity can stimulate myokines secretion, especially in FSTL-1. FSTL-1 is a myokine or adipokine that plays a potential role in preventing atherosclerosis by various mechanisms such as via improvement of endothelial functions, suppression of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) proliferation, and reduction of arterial thickening. FSTL-1 is a relatively new and less known myokine, but probably holds a key role in assessing how moderate intensity aerobic exercise prevents atherosclerosis progression by preventing endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, or vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Anggarino Damay
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Banten, Indonesia,Address for correspondence Vito A. Damay, MD, Cardiologist Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Universitas Pelita HarapanBantenIndonesia
| | - Setiawan Setiawan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Rizki Akbar
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Antonia Anna Lukito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Banten, Indonesia
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17
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Manickam V, Dhawan UK, Singh D, Gupta M, Subramanian M. Pomegranate Peel Extract Decreases Plaque Necrosis and Advanced Atherosclerosis Progression in Apoe -/- Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:888300. [PMID: 35721222 PMCID: PMC9198482 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid-driven inflammatory condition of the arteries and is a leading cause of stroke, myocardial infarction, and other peripheral arterial diseases. Plant products rich in polyphenols such as pomegranate juice and peel extract are known to have beneficial effects in suppressing atherogenesis. However, the mechanism of action and its effect on advanced atherosclerosis progression which results in adverse clinical outcomes are not well understood. Herein, we use a standardized hydroethanolic extract of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel in the Apoe-/- a murine model of advanced atherosclerosis. It was observed that the pomegranate peel extract fed mice have decreased plaque necrosis and elevated lesional collagen content which was associated with a favorable metabolic profile including lowering of blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride. The decrease in plaque necrosis was linked with increased lesional macrophage efferocytosis efficiency which was associated with enhanced expression of the efferocytosis receptor Mertk. Using in vitro studies, we show that pomegranate peel extract blocks the shedding of Mertk and preserves macrophage efferocytosis efficiency. These data identify a novel mechanism by which pomegranate peel extract promotes the resolution of inflammation in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umesh Kumar Dhawan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mahesh Gupta
- Food and Nutraceutical Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Manikandan Subramanian
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Suppression of COX-2/PGE2 levels by carbazole-linked triazoles via modulating methylglyoxal-AGEs and glucose-AGEs – Induced ROS/NF-κB signaling in monocytes. Cell Signal 2022; 97:110372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Aprotosoaie AC, Costache AD, Costache II. Therapeutic Strategies and Chemoprevention of Atherosclerosis: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:722. [PMID: 35456556 PMCID: PMC9025701 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in understanding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the development of effective therapeutic strategies is a challenging task that requires more research to attain its full potential. This review discusses current pharmacotherapy in atherosclerosis and explores the potential of some important emerging therapies (antibody-based therapeutics, cytokine-targeting therapy, antisense oligonucleotides, photodynamic therapy and theranostics) in terms of clinical translation. A chemopreventive approach based on modern research of plant-derived products is also presented. Future perspectives on preventive and therapeutic management of atherosclerosis and the design of tailored treatments are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Aprotosoaie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Alexandru-Dan Costache
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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20
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Gonçalves AC, Flores-Félix JD, Coutinho P, Alves G, Silva LR. Zimbro ( Juniperus communis L.) as a Promising Source of Bioactive Compounds and Biomedical Activities: A Review on Recent Trends. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3197. [PMID: 35328621 PMCID: PMC8952110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived products and their extracted compounds have been used in folk medicine since early times. Zimbro or common juniper (Juniperus communis) is traditionally used to treat renal suppression, acute and chronic cystitis, bladder catarrh, albuminuria, leucorrhea, and amenorrhea. These uses are mainly attributed to its bioactive composition, which is very rich in phenolics, terpenoids, organic acids, alkaloids, and volatile compounds. In the last few years, several studies have analyzed the huge potential of this evergreen shrub, describing a wide range of activities with relevance in different biomedical discipline areas, namely antimicrobial potential against human pathogens and foodborne microorganisms, notorious antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, antidiabetic, antihypercholesterolemic and antihyperlipidemic effects, and neuroprotective action, as well as antiproliferative ability against cancer cells and the ability to activate inductive hepato-, renal- and gastroprotective mechanisms. Owing to these promising activities, extracts and bioactive compounds of juniper could be useful for the development of new pharmacological applications in the treatment of several acute and chronic human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (P.C.); (G.A.)
| | - José David Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (P.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Paula Coutinho
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (P.C.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (P.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (P.C.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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Sottero B, Testa G, Gamba P, Staurenghi E, Giannelli S, Leonarduzzi G. Macrophage polarization by potential nutraceutical compounds: A strategic approach to counteract inflammation in atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 181:251-269. [PMID: 35158030 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation represents a main event in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and is closely associated with oxidative stress in a sort of vicious circle that amplifies and sustains all stages of the disease. Key players of atherosclerosis are monocytes/macrophages. According to their pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype and biological functions, lesional macrophages can release various mediators and enzymes, which in turn contribute to plaque progression and destabilization or, alternatively, lead to its resolution. Among the factors connected to atherosclerotic disease, lipid species carried by low density lipoproteins and pro-oxidant stimuli strongly promote inflammatory events in the vasculature, also by modulating the macrophage phenotyping. Therapies specifically aimed to balance macrophage inflammatory state are increasingly considered as powerful tools to counteract plaque formation and destabilization. In this connection, several molecules of natural origin have been recognized to be active mediators of diverse metabolic and signaling pathways regulating lipid homeostasis, redox state, and inflammation; they are, thus, considered as promising candidates to modulate macrophage responsiveness to pro-atherogenic stimuli. The current knowledge of the capability of nutraceuticals to target macrophage polarization and to counteract atherosclerotic lesion progression, based mainly on in vitro investigation, is summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sottero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Testa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Gamba
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Erica Staurenghi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Giannelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Leonarduzzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
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Kumar G, Dey SK, Kundu S. Herbs and their bioactive ingredients in cardio-protection: Underlying molecular mechanisms and evidences from clinical studies. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153753. [PMID: 34610528 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants or herbs produce a bounty of bioactive phytochemicals. These phytochemicals can influence a variety of physiological events related to cardiovascular health through multiple underlying mechanisms, such as their role as antioxidative, anti-ischemic, anti-proliferative, hypotensive, anti-thrombotic, and anti-hypercholesterolemic agents. PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to summarize and connect evidences supporting the use of phytotherapy in the management of some of the most common cardiovascular impairments, molecular mechanisms underlying cardio-protection mediated by herbs, and clinical studies which are positively linked with the use of herbs in cardiovascular biology. Additionally, we also describe several adverse effects associated with some of the herbal plants and their products to provide a balanced set of studies in favor or against phytotherapy in cardiovascular health that may help global discourses on this matter. METHODS Studies relating to the use of medicinal plants were mined by strategically searching scientific databases including Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct. Investigations involving approximately 175 articles including reviews, research articles, meta-analyses, and cross-sectional and observational studies were retrieved and analyzed in line with the stated purpose of this study. RESULTS A positive correlation between the use of medicinal plants and cardiovascular health was observed. While maintaining cardiovascular physiology, medicinal plants and their derivatives seem to govern a variety of cellular mechanisms involved in vasoconstriction and vasorelaxation, which in turn, are important aspects of cardiovascular homeostasis. Furthermore, a variety of studies including clinical trials, cross-sectional studies, and meta-analyses have also supported the anti-hypertensive and thus, cardio-protective effects, of medicinal plants. Apart from this, evidence is also available for the potential drawbacks of several herbs and their products indicating that the unsupervised use of many herbs may lead to severe health issues. CONCLUSIONS The cardio-protective outcomes of medicinal plants and their derivatives are supported by ever-increasing studies, while evidences exist for the potential drawbacks of some of the herbs. A balanced view about the use of medicinal plants and their derivative in cardiovascular biology thus needs to be outlined by researchers and the medical community. The novelty and exhaustiveness of the present manuscript is reflected by the detailed outline of the molecular basis of "herbal cardio-protection", active involvement of several herbs in ameliorating the cardiovascular status, adverse effects of medicinal plants, and the clinical studies considering the use of phytotherapy, all on a single platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India; Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Dey
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India; Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Suman Kundu
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India; Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Chen CS, Pan BY, Tsai PH, Chen FY, Yang WC, Shen MY. Kansuinine A Ameliorates Atherosclerosis and Human Aortic Endothelial Cell Apoptosis by Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Suppressing IKKβ/IκBα/NF-κB Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910309. [PMID: 34638650 PMCID: PMC8508741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis is strongly associated with atherosclerosis progression. Herein, we aimed to examine whether Kansuinine A (KA), extracted from Euphorbia kansui L., prevents atherosclerosis development in a mouse model and inhibits cell apoptosis through oxidative stress reduction. Atherosclerosis development was analyzed in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) using Oil Red O staining and H&E staining. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were treated with KA, followed by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), to investigate the KA-mediated inhibition of ROS-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Oil Red O staining and H&E staining showed that atherosclerotic lesion size was significantly smaller in the aortic arch of ApoE-/- mice in the HFD+KA group than that in the aortic arch of those in the HFD group. Further, KA (0.1-1.0 μM) blocked the H2O2-induced death of HAECs and ROS generation. The H2O2-mediated upregulation of phosphorylated IKKβ, phosphorylated IκBα, and phosphorylated NF-κB was suppressed by KA. KA also reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 expression, preventing H2O2-induced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis. Our results indicate that KA may protect against ROS-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and has considerable clinical potential in the prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Sheng Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Bo-Yi Pan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (B.-Y.P.); (P.-H.T.); (F.-Y.C.)
| | - Ping-Hsuan Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (B.-Y.P.); (P.-H.T.); (F.-Y.C.)
| | - Fang-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (B.-Y.P.); (P.-H.T.); (F.-Y.C.)
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Yi Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (B.-Y.P.); (P.-H.T.); (F.-Y.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366
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Malekmohammad K, Bezsonov EE, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Role of Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:707529. [PMID: 34552965 PMCID: PMC8450356 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.707529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid-driven and maladaptive inflammatory disease of arterial intima. It is characterized by the dysfunction of lipid homeostasis and signaling pathways that control the inflammation. This article reviews the role of inflammation and lipid accumulation, especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL), in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, with more emphasis on cellular mechanisms. Furthermore, this review will briefly highlight the role of medicinal plants, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and microRNAs in the pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of atherosclerosis. Lipid homeostasis at various levels, including receptor-mediated uptake, synthesis, storage, metabolism, efflux, and its impairments are important for the development of atherosclerosis. The major source of cholesterol and lipid accumulation in the arterial wall is proatherogenic modified low-density lipoprotein (mLDL). Modified lipoproteins, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and LDL binding with proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix in the intima of blood vessels, cause aggregation of lipoprotein particles, endothelial damage, leukocyte recruitment, foam cell formation, and inflammation. Inflammation is the key contributor to atherosclerosis and participates in all phases of atherosclerosis. Also, several studies have shown that microRNAs and lncRNAs have appeared as key regulators of several physiological and pathophysiological processes in atherosclerosis, including regulation of HDL biogenesis, cholesterol efflux, lipid metabolism, regulating of smooth muscle proliferation, and controlling of inflammation. Thus, both lipid homeostasis and the inflammatory immune response are closely linked, and their cellular and molecular pathways interact with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evgeny E. Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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25
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Sabbaghzadegan S, Golsorkhi H, Soltani MH, Kamalinejad M, Bahrami M, Kabir A, Dadmehr M. Potential protective effects of Aloe vera gel on cardiovascular diseases: A mini-review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6101-6113. [PMID: 34355443 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) comprise the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality in both men and women worldwide. CVDs are associated with several risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, tobacco smoking and an unhealthy diet. Currently, in addition to the use of related pharmacological treatments in the management of CVDs, the investigation of other suitable healthcare approaches for these disorders such as the identification of herbal medicines has been considered in the scientific communities. Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. is a perennial medicinal plant. The innermost leaf layer of this plant contains transparent gel, which is used as food. Pre-clinical studies have shown several biological activities of A. vera gel (AVG), including antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. Other pharmacological activities of AVG such as anti-fibrotic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-atherosclerotic effects have been reported. Moreover, several clinical studies have demonstrated the ameliorating effects of AVG on some markers of CVDs risk factors. Thus, this study was conducted to review clinical trials besides in vitro and in vivo studies on the cardiac beneficial effects of AVG. However, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Sabbaghzadegan
- School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haide Golsorkhi
- School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Kabir
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Dadmehr
- School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Chubarev VN, Beeraka NM, Sinelnikov MY, Bulygin KV, Nikolenko VN, Mihaylenko E, Tarasov VV, Mikhaleva LM, Poltronieri P, Viswanadha VP, Somasundaram SG, Kirkland CE, Chen K, Liu J, Fan R, Kamal MA, Mironov AA, Madhunapantula SV, Pretorius E, Dindyaev SV, Muresanu C, Sukocheva OA. Health Science Community Will Miss This Bright and Uniting Star: In Memory of Professor Gjumrakch Aliev, M.D, Ph.D. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081965. [PMID: 33921833 PMCID: PMC8072812 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is with deep sadness that we offer our memorial on the unexpected demise of our dear colleague, Professor Gjumrakch Aliev [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N. Chubarev
- Faculty of Pharmacology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.C.); (N.M.B.); (M.Y.S.); (K.V.B.); (V.N.N.); (E.M.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Narasimha M. Beeraka
- Faculty of Pharmacology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.C.); (N.M.B.); (M.Y.S.); (K.V.B.); (V.N.N.); (E.M.); (V.V.T.)
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Bannimantapa, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 015, India;
| | - Mikhail Y. Sinelnikov
- Faculty of Pharmacology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.C.); (N.M.B.); (M.Y.S.); (K.V.B.); (V.N.N.); (E.M.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Kirill V. Bulygin
- Faculty of Pharmacology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.C.); (N.M.B.); (M.Y.S.); (K.V.B.); (V.N.N.); (E.M.); (V.V.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 117192 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Nikolenko
- Faculty of Pharmacology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.C.); (N.M.B.); (M.Y.S.); (K.V.B.); (V.N.N.); (E.M.); (V.V.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 117192 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Mihaylenko
- Faculty of Pharmacology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.C.); (N.M.B.); (M.Y.S.); (K.V.B.); (V.N.N.); (E.M.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Vadim V. Tarasov
- Faculty of Pharmacology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.C.); (N.M.B.); (M.Y.S.); (K.V.B.); (V.N.N.); (E.M.); (V.V.T.)
| | | | - Palmiro Poltronieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Productions, National Research Council of Italy, via Monteroni km 7, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | | | - Siva G. Somasundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV 26426, USA; (S.G.S.); (C.E.K.)
| | - Cecil E. Kirkland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV 26426, USA; (S.G.S.); (C.E.K.)
| | - Kuo Chen
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (K.C.); (J.L.); (R.F.)
| | - Junqi Liu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (K.C.); (J.L.); (R.F.)
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (K.C.); (J.L.); (R.F.)
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing/Institutes for Systems Genetics, The Frontier Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China;
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Alexander A. Mironov
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy;
| | - SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Bannimantapa, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 015, India;
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0007, South Africa;
| | - Sergey V. Dindyaev
- Department of Histology, Embryology & Cytology, Pediatric Faculty, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ivanovo State Medical Academy” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (FSBEI HE IvSMA MOH Russia), 8 Sheremetyevsky Ave., 153012 Ivanovo, Russia;
| | - Cristian Muresanu
- Research Center for Applied Biotechnology in Diagnosis and Molecular Therapies, Str. Trifoiului nr. 12 G, 400478 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Olga A. Sukocheva
- Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia
- Correspondence:
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27
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Shan R, Liu N, Yan Y, Liu B. Apoptosis, autophagy and atherosclerosis: Relationships and the role of Hsp27. Pharmacol Res 2020; 166:105169. [PMID: 33053445 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, and an important pathological basis of coronary heart disease. Endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages play important roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Of note, apoptosis and autophagy, two types of programmed cell death, influence the development and progression of atherosclerosis via the modulation of such cells. The small heat shock protein Hsp27 is a multifunctional protein induced by various stress factors and has a protective effect on cells. A large number of studies have demonstrated that Hsp27 plays an important role in regulating apoptosis. Recently, some studies have suggested that Hsp27 also participates in the autophagic process. Moreover, Hsp27 is closely related to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and autophagy and discuss their effects on endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages in the context of atherosclerotic procession. We further explore the involvement of Hsp27 in apoptosis, autophagy, and atherosclerosis. We speculate that Hsp27 may exert its anti-atherosclerotic role via the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy; this may provide the basis for the development of new approaches for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Shan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Youyou Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
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28
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Kirichenko TV, Markina YV, Sukhorukov VN, Khotina VA, Wu WK, Orekhov AN. A Novel Insight at Atherogenesis: The Role of Microbiome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586189. [PMID: 33072766 PMCID: PMC7536348 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an important task of current medicine to identify mechanisms and new markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in order to develop early targets for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, since it causes such widespread diseases as myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden death, and other common reasons of disability and mortality in developed countries. In recent years, studies of the human microbiome in different fields of medicine have become increasingly popular; there is evidence from numerous studies of the significant contribution of microbiome in different steps of atherogenesis. This review attempted to determine the current status of the databases PubMed and Scopus (until May, 2020) to highlight current ideas on the potential role of microbiome and its metabolites in atherosclerosis development, its mechanisms of action in lipids metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory pathways, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Results of clinical studies elucidating the relationship of microbiome with subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease considered in this article demonstrate strong association of microbiome composition and its metabolites with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Data on microbiome impact in atherogenesis open a wide perspective to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, but further comprehensive studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Kirichenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya V Markina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily N Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria A Khotina
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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