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Zhu H, Yang Y, Duan Y, Zheng X, Lin Z, Zhou J. Nrf2/FSP1/CoQ10 axis-mediated ferroptosis is involved in sodium aescinate-induced nephrotoxicity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 759:110100. [PMID: 39033970 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Sodium aescinate (SA), an active compound found in horse chestnut seeds, is widely used in clinical practice. Recently, the incidence of SA-induced adverse events, particularly renal impairment, has increased. Our previous work demonstrated that SA causes severe nephrotoxicity via nephrocyte ferroptosis; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. In the current study, we investigated additional molecular pathways involved in SA-induced nephrotoxicity. Our results showed that SA inhibited cell viability, disrupted cellular membrane integrity, and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS), ferrous iron (Fe2+), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as lipid peroxidation in rat proximal renal tubular epithelial cell line (NRK-52E) cells. SA also depleted coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, ubiquinone) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and reduced ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) and polyprenyltransferase (coenzyme Q2, COQ2) activity, triggering lipid peroxidation and ROS accumulation in mouse kidneys and NRK-52E cells. The overexpression of COQ2, FSP1, or CoQ10 (ubiquinone) supplementation effectively attenuated SA-induced ferroptosis, whereas iFSP1 or 4-formylbenzoic acid (4-CBA) pretreatment exacerbated SA-induced nephrotoxicity. Additionally, SA decreased nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels and inhibited Nrf2 binding to the -1170/-1180 bp ARE site in FSP1 promoter, resulting in FSP1 suppression. Overexpression of Nrf2 or its agonist dimethyl fumarate (DMF) promoted FSP1 expression, thereby improving cellular antioxidant capacity and alleviating SA-induced ferroptosis. These results suggest that SA-triggers renal injury through oxidative stress and ferroptosis, driven by the suppression of the Nrf2/FSP1/CoQ10 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China
| | - Yijing Yang
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China
| | - Yenan Duan
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China
| | - Xin Zheng
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China
| | - Zixiong Lin
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China.
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Xu Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Guo L, Zhao X, Dong M, Wen J, Wu Z, Li C, Mu W, Guo Y, Bai Z, Xiao X. New compatible pair of TCM: Paeoniae Radix Alba effectively alleviate Psoraleae Fructus-induced liver injury by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34591. [PMID: 39130485 PMCID: PMC11315180 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Drug-induced liver injury (DILI), a type of acute inflammation, has sparked significant concern owing to its unpredictability and severity. Psoraleae Fructus (PF), an edible Chinese herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), causes liver injury. Therefore, the elucidation of the mechanism underlying PF-induced liver injury and the search for more effective means of detoxification using herbal compatibility has become an urgent issue. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA), a hepatoprotective Chinese medicine, on PF-induced liver injury and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods A rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immune stress was established to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of PF and the detoxifying effect of PRA. Subsequently, inflammatory pathways were identified using network pharmacology. Finally, the molecular mechanism by which PRA alleviates PF-induced liver injury was validated using an inflammasome activation model in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Results In vivo, hepatocytes in rats treated with LPS + PF exhibited massive inflammatory infiltration and apoptosis, and the expression of liver injury indicators and inflammatory factors was significantly upregulated, which was reversed by PRA pretreatment. Network pharmacology showed that PRA alleviated PF-induced liver injury and was associated with the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Moreover, PF directly induced inflammasome activation in LPS-primed BMDMs which in turn induced caspase-1 activation and the secretion of downstream effector cytokines such as IL-1β. PRA pretreatment inhibited PF-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by mitigating the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Conclusions The present study demonstrates that PRA alleviated PF induced-liver injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The results of this study are expected to inform the prevention and control of PF-induced hepatotoxicity in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Xu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Xianling Wang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Longxin Guo
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jincai Wen
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Chenyi Li
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Wenqing Mu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
- National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
- National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
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Shan Q, Yu W, Xu Q, Liu R, Ying S, Dong J, Bao Y, Lyu Q, Shi C, Xia J, Tang J, Kuang H, Wang K, Tian G, Cao G. Detoxification and underlying mechanisms towards toxic alkaloids by Traditional Chinese Medicine processing: A comprehensive review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155623. [PMID: 38703661 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkaloids have attracted enduring interest worldwide due to their remarkable therapeutic effects, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties, thus offering a rich source for lead compound design and new drug discovery. However, some of these alkaloids possess intrinsic toxicity. Processing (Paozhi) is a pre-treatment step before the application of herbal medicines in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinics, which has been employed for centuries to mitigate the toxicity of alkaloid-rich TCMs. PURPOSE To explore the toxicity phenotypes, chemical basis, mode of action, detoxification processing methods, and underlying mechanisms, we can gain crucial insights into the safe and rational use of these toxic alkaloid-rich herbs. Such insights have the great potential to offer new strategies for drug discovery and development, ultimately improving the quality of life for millions of people. METHODS Literatures published or early accessed until December 31, 2023, were retrieved from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI. The following keywords, such as "toxicity", "alkaloid", "detoxification", "processing", "traditional Chinese medicine", "medicinal plant", and "plant", were used in combination or separately for screening. RESULTS Toxicity of alkaloids in TCM includes hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and other forms of toxicity, primarily induced by pyrrolizidines, quinolizidines, isoquinolines, indoles, pyridines, terpenoids, and amines. Factors such as whether the toxic-alkaloid enriched part is limited or heat-sensitive, and whether toxic alkaloids are also therapeutic components, are critical for choosing appropriate detoxification processing methods. Mechanisms of alkaloid detoxification includes physical removal, chemical decomposition or transformation, as well as biological modifications. CONCLUSION Through this exploration, we review toxic alkaloids and the mechanisms underlying their toxicity, discuss methods to reduce toxicity, and unravel the intricate mechanisms behind detoxification. These offers insights into the quality control of herbs containing toxic alkaloids, safe and rational use of alkaloid-rich TCMs in clinics, new strategies for drug discovery and development, and ultimately helping improve the quality of life for millions of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiongfang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ruina Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shuye Ying
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jie Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yini Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qiang Lyu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Changcheng Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jing Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Haodan Kuang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Kuilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Gang Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Joung JY, Son CG. Evaluating the Safety of Herbal Medicine on Renal Function: A Comprehensive Analysis from Six Randomized Controlled Trials Conducted with Four Formulations from Traditional Korean Medicine. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:544. [PMID: 38794115 PMCID: PMC11124499 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing popularity of herbal medicine raises concerns about potential nephrotoxicity risks, while limited evidence hinders a comprehensive impact assessment. This study aims to investigate the overall risk features of herbal medicine on kidney injury. We conducted a retrospective analysis on renal function changes, including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), through data from six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in South Korea. A total of 407 participants (142 males, 265 females) received either one of four different herbal medicines (240 participants) or a placebo (167 participants). When comparing changes in eGFR regarding the mean, 90th-percentile value, and 20% reduction after treatment, there was no significant difference between the herbal-treated and placebo groups. This study provided a helpful reference for examining the safety issues of herbal remedies, especially regarding kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yong Joung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon Good-Morning Oriental Hospital, Dunsan-ro 123 beon-gil 21, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35240, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Korean Medicine, Korean Medical College, Daejeon University, Daehak-ro 62, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Department of Korean Medicine, Korean Medical College, Daejeon University, Daehak-ro 62, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
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Yuan Z, Jiang D, Yang M, Tao J, Hu X, Yang X, Zeng Y. Emerging Roles of Macrophage Polarization in Osteoarthritis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:532-550. [PMID: 38296798 PMCID: PMC10925521 DOI: 10.1111/os.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic degenerative joint disease in middle-aged and elderly people, characterized by joint pain and dysfunction. Macrophages are key players in OA pathology, and their activation state has been studied extensively. Various studies have suggested that macrophages might respond to stimuli in their microenvironment by changing their phenotypes to pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes, which is called macrophage polarization. Macrophages accumulate and become polarized (M1 or M2) in many tissues, such as synovium, adipose tissue, bone marrow, and bone mesenchymal tissues in joints, while resident macrophages as well as other stromal cells, including fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts, form the joint and function as an integrated unit. In this study, we focus exclusively on synovial macrophages, adipose tissue macrophages, and osteoclasts, to investigate their roles in the development of OA. We review recent key findings related to macrophage polarization and OA, including pathogenesis, molecular pathways, and therapeutics. We summarize several signaling pathways in macrophage reprogramming related to OA, including NF-κB, MAPK, TGF-β, JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and NLRP3. Of note, despite the increasing availability of treatments for osteoarthritis, like intra-articular injections, surgery, and cellular therapy, the demand for more effective clinical therapies has remained steady. Therefore, we also describe the current prospective therapeutic methods that deem macrophage polarization to be a therapeutic target, including physical stimulus, chemical compounds, and biological molecules, to enhance cartilage repair and alleviate the progression of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimu Yuan
- West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Decheng Jiang
- West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Mengzhu Yang
- West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jie Tao
- West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Hu
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of OrthopedicsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yi Zeng
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of OrthopedicsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Zhu H, Duan Y, Yang Y, Chen E, Huang H, Wang X, Zhou J. Sodium aescinate induces renal toxicity by promoting Nrf2/GPX4-mediated ferroptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 391:110892. [PMID: 38364601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Sodium aescinate (SA) is extracted from Aesculus wilsonii Rehd seeds and was first marketed as a medicament in German. With the wide application of SA in clinical practice, reports of adverse drug reactions and adverse events have gradually increased, including renal impairment. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of SA have not yet been fully elucidated. The toxic effects and underlying mechanisms of SA were explored in this study. Our data showed that SA significantly elevated the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr) and Kidney injury molecule 1 (Kim-1), accompanied by pathologically significant changes in renal tissue. SA induced NRK-52E cell death and disrupted the integrity of the cell membrane. Moreover, SA caused significant reductions in FTH, Nrf2, xCT, GPX4, and FSP1 levels, but increased TFR1 and ACSL4 levels. SA decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys) levels, but improved Fe2+, malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels, ultimately leading to the induction of ferroptosis. Importantly, inhibition of ferroptosis or activation of the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway prevented SA-induced nephrotoxicity. These findings indicated that SA induced oxidative damage and ferroptosis-mediated kidney injury by suppressing the Nrf2/GPX4 axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China
| | - Yenan Duan
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China
| | - Yijing Yang
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China
| | - Enqing Chen
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China
| | - Hanxin Huang
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China.
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Hsieh CY, Tsai PW, Tomioka Y, Matsumoto Y, Akiyama Y, Wang CC, Tayo LL, Lee CJ. Chronopharmacology of diuresis via metabolic profiling and key biomarker discovery of the traditional Chinese prescription Ji-Ming-San using tandem mass spectrometry in rat models. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155260. [PMID: 38176264 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ji-Ming-Shan (JMS) is a traditional prescription used for patients with rheumatism, tendons swelling, relief of foot pain, athlete's foot, diuresis, gout. Although many studies have investigated the active compounds in each herb, the functional mechanism behind its therapeutic effect remains unclear. STUDY DESIGN Metabolic cages for sample collection. The serum components obtained from the experimental animals were analyzed using LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, cross-analysis using the software MetaboAnalyst and Venn diagrams were used to investigate chronopharmacology of JMS in the animal models. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to analyze the diuretic effects of JMS and to explore their chronopharmacology involved in organ regulation through four-quarter periods from serum samples of rat models. METHODS Metabolic cages were used for collecting the urine samples and PocketChem UA PU-4010, Fuji DRI-CHEM 800 were used to examine the urine biochemical parameters. The serum components were identified through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (UPLC-Q-TOF) with a new developed method. Cross analysis, Venn diagram, MetaboAnalyst were used to investigate the key biomarker and major metabolism route with the oral administration of the drug. RESULT JMS significantly changed the 6 h urine volume with no observed kidney toxicity. Urine pH value ranges from 7.0 to 7.5. The chronopharmacology of JMS diuresis activity were 0-6 and 6-12 groups. UPLC-Q-TOF analyses identified 243 metabolites which were determined in positive mode and negative mode respectively. With cross analysis in the Venn diagram, one key biomarker naringenin-7-O-glucoside has been identified. Major metabolic pathways such as 1: Glycerophospholipid metabolism, 2: Primary bile acid biosynthesis, 3: Sphingolipid metabolism, 4: Riboflavin metabolism, 5: Linoleic acid metabolism, 6: Butanoate metabolism. CONCLUSION JMS significantly changed the urine output of animals in the 0-6 and 6-12 groups. No change in urine pH was observed and also kidney toxicity. A new UPLC-Q-TOF method was developed for the detection of the metabolites of JMS after oral administration. The cross analysis with Venn diagram and identified the key biomarker of JMS namely naringenin-7-O-glucoside. The results showed that six major pathways are involved in the gastrointestinal system and the liver. This study demonstrated the capability of JMS prescription in the regulation of diuresis and identified a key biomarker that is responsible for its therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yang Hsieh
- Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Postal address: Teaching & research building, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai Japan
| | - Po-Wei Tsai
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Yoshihisa Tomioka
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai Japan
| | - Yotaro Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Akiyama
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai Japan
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Postal address: Teaching & research building, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, 1002 Metro Manila, Manila, Philippines; Department of Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences Mapua University, Makati, Philippines
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Postal address: Teaching & research building, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Anandan AK, Sasikumar S. "Self-Harming the Tubules" - A Rare Case of Renal Tubular Acidosis. Indian J Nephrol 2024; 34:96-97. [PMID: 38645906 PMCID: PMC11003581 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_128_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Anandan
- Nephrology, PKDAS Institute of Medical Sciences, Palakkad, Kerala, India
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Lo R, Narasaki Y, Lei S, Rhee CM. Management of traditional risk factors for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:1737-1750. [PMID: 37915906 PMCID: PMC10616454 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its downstream complications (i.e. cardiovascular) are a major source of morbidity worldwide. Additionally, deaths due to CKD or CKD-attributable cardiovascular disease account for a sizeable proportion of global mortality. However, the advent of new pharmacotherapies, diagnostic tools, and global initiatives are directing greater attention to kidney health in the public health agenda, including the implementation of effective strategies that (i) prevent kidney disease, (ii) provide early CKD detection, and (iii) ameliorate CKD progression and its related complications. In this Review, we discuss major risk factors for incident CKD and CKD progression categorized across cardiovascular (i.e. hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiorenal syndrome), endocrine (i.e. diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, testosterone), lifestyle (i.e. obesity, dietary factors, smoking), and genetic/environmental (i.e. CKDu/Mesoamerican nephropathy, APOL1, herbal nephropathy) domains, as well as scope, mechanistic underpinnings, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lo
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Yoko Narasaki
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
- Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Sean Lei
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Connie M Rhee
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
- Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, USA
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Kurniawan B, Bankeeree W, Yanatatsaneejit P, Prasongsuk S. Antiproliferative activity and apoptosis‑inducing effects of Trametes polyzona polysaccharides against human breast cancer cells. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:83. [PMID: 37881601 PMCID: PMC10594067 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal polysaccharides have garnered interest due to their biological activities in terms of anticancer properties and antioxidant activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the anticancer properties and antioxidant activity of a newly isolated white-rot fungus, Trametes polyzona CU07 from Thailand. Crude T. polyzona polysaccharides (CTPPs) were extracted from mycelia using hot water. The chemical properties, including total carbohydrates, molecular weight and protein content, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, were then investigated. The antioxidant activity was determined against the radicals 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). The anticancer properties were evaluated in MCF-7 breast cancer (BC) cells, whereas the 293 cell line was used as a control. The inhibitory effects of CTPPs on viability were determined by MTT assay, followed by BrdU incorporation assay to assess cell proliferation. The induction of apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. CTPPs were considered polysaccharide-protein conjugates, which had molecular weights in the range of 0.3-22,528 kDa. They contained ~50 and 37% carbohydrate and protein, respectively, with glucose as the main monosaccharide component. Notably, CTPPs had high antioxidant activity against ABTS, and had a significant inhibitory effect on the MCF-7 cell line with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration value of 0.58 mg/ml. However, they exhibited little effect on the 293 cell line. The BrdU incorporation assay demonstrated that CTPPs inhibited proliferation by ~20% compared with that in untreated cells. CTPPs also induced early- and late-stage apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. These results indicated that the CTPPs may exhibit potential antiproliferative and antioxidant activity, and apoptosis-inducing effects against human BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budi Kurniawan
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Human Genetics Research Group and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wichanee Bankeeree
- Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pattamawadee Yanatatsaneejit
- Human Genetics Research Group and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sehanat Prasongsuk
- Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Gracida-Osorno C, Jiménez-Martínez SL, Uc-Cachón AH, Molina-Salinas GM. The Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Peritoneal Dialysis Patients at a Second-Level Hospital in Yucatán Mexico. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050722. [PMID: 36900727 PMCID: PMC10001407 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widely used for multiple reasons such as treatment of diseases and their symptoms, empowerment, self-care, disease prevention, dissatisfaction, adverse effects or cost of conventional medicine, perception of compatibility with beliefs, and idiosyncrasy. This study investigated CAM use in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). METHODS A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 240 eligible patients with CKD in the PD program. By applying the I-CAM-Q-questionnaire, the frequency, level of satisfaction, and reasons for CAM use were explored, and the demographic and clinical data of users and non-users were analyzed. Data analysis included descriptive analysis, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U, chi-square, and Fisher tests. RESULTS The main types of CAM used were herbal medicine, and chamomile was the most commonly used. To improve the state of well-being was the main reason for use, the attributable benefit of CAM was high, and only a low percentage of users reported side effects. Only 31.8% of the users informed their physicians. CONCLUSION The use of CAM is popular among renal patients, and physicians are not adequately informed; in particular, the CAM type ingested represents a risk for drug interactions and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gracida-Osorno
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital General Regional No. 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mérida 97150, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Sandra Luz Jiménez-Martínez
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital General Regional No. 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mérida 97150, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Andrés Humberto Uc-Cachón
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mérida 97150, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Gloria María Molina-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mérida 97150, Yucatán, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhang J, Chen J, Xu J, Xue C, Mao Z. Plant-derived compounds for treating autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2023; 3:1071441. [PMID: 37675342 PMCID: PMC10479581 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2023.1071441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most common monogenic hereditary kidney disease, is the fourth leading cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide. In recent years, significant progress has been made in delaying ADPKD progression with different kinds of chemical drugs, such as tolvaptan, rapamycin, and somatostatin. Meanwhile, numerous plant-derived compounds have been investigated for their beneficial effects on slowing ADPKD progression. Among them, saikosaponin-d, Ganoderma triterpenes, curcumin, ginkgolide B, steviol, resveratrol, Sparganum stoloniferum Buch.-Ham, Cordyceps sinensis, triptolide, quercitrin, naringin, cardamonin, gambogic acid, and olive leaf extract have been found to retard renal cyst development by inhibiting cell proliferation or promoting cell apoptosis in renal cyst-lining epithelial cells. Metformin, a synthesized compound derived from French lilac or goat's rue (Galega officinalis), has been proven to retard the progression of ADPKD. This review focuses on the roles and mechanisms of plant-derived compounds in treating ADPKD, which may constitute promising new therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguo Mao
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Gu S, Wu G, Lu D, Wang Y, Tang L, Zhang W. Human kidney organoids model of Esculentoside A nephrotoxicity to investigate the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition via STING signaling. Toxicol Lett 2022; 373:172-183. [PMID: 36460195 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Radix Phytolaccae (RP) has a long medicinal history and is commonly used to treat systemic edema and ascites in Asia. Although RP is known to cause nephrotoxicity, the role of its main constituent, Esculentoside A (EsA), in nephrotoxicity remains undetermined. We used kidney organoids derived from human inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to model EsA nephrotoxicity accurately. Kidney organoids were differentiated and treated with EsA at doses of 0, 15, 30, or 60 μM for 48 h. The in vitro model was compared to a mouse model of EsA nephrotoxicity (intraperitoneally injected, 25 mg·kg-1). The mechanisms were investigated. Cell viability decreased dose-dependently after treatment with EsA. As polarity was lost, tubular cells decreased, similar to mouse EsA nephrotoxicity with upregulated vimentin expression and a stimulator of the interferon gene (STING). Furthermore, 60 μM EsA could induce endothelial inflammation, lead to mitochondrial damage and activate STING by translocating mtDNA into the cytoplasm to develop an inflammatory cascade and destroy renal endothelial cells with interstitial changes. The data suggest that kidney organoids derived from iPSCs are promising for investigating nephrotoxicity. EsA nephrotoxicity involves the epithelial-mesenchymal transition via STING signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Gu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, 201203, PR China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, 201203, PR China
| | - Dong Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, 201203, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Liming Tang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, 201203, PR China.
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14
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Rao J, Peng T, Li N, Wang Y, Yan C, Wang K, Qiu F. Nephrotoxicity induced by natural compounds from herbal medicines - a challenge for clinical application. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:757-778. [PMID: 36815678 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2168178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) have long been considered safe and effective without serious toxic and side effects. With the continuous use of HMs, more and more attention has been paid to adverse reactions and toxic events, especially the nephrotoxicity caused by natural compounds in HMs. The composition of HMs is complex and various, especially the mechanism of toxic components has been a difficult and hot topic. This review comprehensively summarizes the kidney toxicity characterization and mechanism of nephrotoxic natural compounds (organic acids, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, cytotoxic proteins, and minerals) from different sources. Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of HMs-induced kidney injury were provided. In vitro and in vivo models for evaluating nephrotoxicity and the latest biomarkers are also included in this investigation. More broadly, this review may provide theoretical basis for safety evaluation and further comprehensive development and utilization of HMs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Rao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Ting Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Caiqin Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
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15
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He T, Ao J, Duan C, Yan R, Li X, Liu L, Zhang J, Li X. Bibliometric and visual analysis of nephrotoxicity research worldwide. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:940791. [PMID: 36188597 PMCID: PMC9515790 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.940791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nephrotoxicity of drugs contributes to acute kidney injury with high mortality and morbidity, which crucially limits the application and development of drugs. Although many publications on nephrotoxicity have been conducted globally, there needs to be a scientometric study to systematically analyze the intellectual landscape and frontiers research trends in the future. Methods: Publications on nephrotoxicity from 2011 to 2021 were collected to perform bibliometric visualization using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Scimago Graphica software based on the Web of Science Core Collection. Results: A total of 9,342 documents were analyzed, which were primarily published in the United States (1,861), China (1,724), and Egypt (701). For institutions, King Saud University (166) had the most publications; Food and Chemical Toxicology, PLOS One, and Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy were productive journals, primarily concentrating on the mechanisms of nephrotoxicity and renoprotective in cisplatin and antibiotics, especially in oxidative stress. Burst detection suggested that cisplatin, piperacillin-tazobactam, vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity, antioxidants, and new biomaterials are frontiers of research. Conclusion: This study first provides an updated perspective on nephrotoxicity and renoprotective strategies and mechanisms. This perspective may benefit researchers in choosing suitable journals and collaborators and assisting them in the deep understanding of the nephrotoxicity and renoprotective hotspots and frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmu He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingwen Ao
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology Ministry Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Cancan Duan
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology Ministry Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Rong Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Liu Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology Ministry Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Jianyong Zhang, ; Xiaofei Li,
| | - Xiaofei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Jianyong Zhang, ; Xiaofei Li,
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16
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Preclinical safety evaluation of the ethanolic extract from the aerial parts of Gomphrena celosioides Mart. In rodents. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 133:105217. [PMID: 35792246 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The toxicological potential of the ethanolic extract from Gomphrena celosioides (EEGC), a medicinal plant used as a natural analgesic, was investigated in acute and subacute toxicity models in rodents. For the acute toxicity test, 2000 mg/kg of EEGC was administered orally to male and female Wistar rats, while Swiss mice received 75, 150 or 300 mg/kg of EEGC for the subacute toxicity test. Animals treated with an only dose of 2000 mg/kg EEGC showed no clinical signs of toxicity, indicating that the LD50 is higher than this dose. The repeated treatment with EEGC did not cause adverse clinical signs, or lesions in target tissues. According to the Globally Harmonized System of classification, the EEGC dosages can be in Category 5 which is the least toxic or non-toxic one.
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17
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Zhang P, Li K, Kamali A, Ziadlou R, Ahmad P, Wang X, Richards RG, Alini M, Basoli V, Li Z, Grad S. Small molecules of herbal origin for osteoarthritis treatment: in vitro and in vivo evidence. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:105. [PMID: 35545776 PMCID: PMC9092710 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common musculoskeletal degenerative diseases and contributes to heavy socioeconomic burden. Current pharmacological and conventional non-pharmacological therapies aim at relieving the symptoms like pain and disability rather than modifying the underlying disease. Surgical treatment and ultimately joint replacement arthroplasty are indicated in advanced stages of OA. Since the underlying mechanisms of OA onset and progression have not been fully elucidated yet, the development of novel therapeutics to prevent, halt, or reverse the disease is laborious. Recently, small molecules of herbal origin have been reported to show potent anti-inflammatory, anti-catabolic, and anabolic effects, implying their potential for treatment of OA. Herein, the molecular mechanisms of these small molecules, their effect on physiological or pathological signaling pathways, the advancement of the extraction methods, and their potential clinical translation based on in vitro and in vivo evidence are comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Zhang
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaihu Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Amir Kamali
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Paras Ahmad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Xinluan Wang
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.
| | - Sibylle Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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18
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Feng C, Anger EE, Zhang X, Su S, Su C, Zhao S, Yu F, Li J. Protective Effects of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 against Aristolochic Acid I-Induced Toxicity in HK-2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073674. [PMID: 35409033 PMCID: PMC8998172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid I (AA I) is one of the most abundant and toxic aristolochic acids that is reported to cause Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). This paper was designed to assess whether mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2), which plays an antioxidative and antiapoptotic role, could protect human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells from toxicity induced by AA I. In this study, HK-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of AA I with or without UCP2 inhibitor (genipin). To upregulate the expression of UCP2 in HK-2 cells, UCP2-DNA transfection was performed. The cell viability was evaluated by colorimetric method using MTT. A series of related biological events such as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated. The results showed that the cytotoxicity of AA I with genipin group was much higher than that of AA I alone. Genipin dramatically boosted oxidative stress and exacerbated AA I-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the increased expression of UCP2 can reduce the toxicity of AA I on HK-2 cells and upregulation of UCP2 expression can reduce AA I-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. In conclusion, UCP2 might be a potential target for alleviating AA I-induced nephrotoxicity.
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19
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Zhao A, Yang Y, Pan X, Chung M, Cai S, Pan Y. Long-term toxicological studies on the Chinese medicine 2036 Specialty-Qiangxin recipe in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1181-1190. [PMID: 34465263 PMCID: PMC8436967 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1967410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The traditional medicine 2036 Specialty-Qiangxin recipe (2036S-QXR) has been widely used in China to improve cardiac function, prevent stroke, and strengthen the immune system. However, its long-term toxicity remains unknown. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates the long-term toxicity of 2036S-QXR in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2036S-QXR (0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 g/kg body weight per day) was orally administered for 26 weeks to Wistar rats, while the rats in the control group received distilled water. The effects on urinary, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were investigated during the study period. RESULTS No significant changes in all tested parameters were observed in the 0.6 and 1.2 g/kg groups, compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (46.00 ± 12.85 vs. 25.40 ± 3.36) and aspartate aminotransferase (152.40 ± 32.52 vs. 111.40 ± 18.78) were observed after 13 weeks in the female rats in the 2.4 g/kg group compared with the control group (p < 0.05), but these returned to the control levels after the recovery period (p > 0.05). Several cases displayed the presence of urine protein (3/7 males and 3/7 females) and mild lesions in the kidney (10/20) and thymus (5/20) in the 2.4 g/kg group, without significant changes compared with the control group (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that 2036S-QXR does not cause long-term toxicity, supporting its therapeutic use. To further determine the optimal doses, future studies should test more doses and include more animals in each group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andong Zhao
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Affiliated Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Manhon Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sa Cai
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Affiliated Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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