1
|
Chen X, Zhang Z, Niu H, Tian X, Tian H, Yao W, He H, Shi H, Li C, Luo J. Goat Milk Improves Glucose Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Mice and Protects Pancreatic β-Cell Functions. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2200842. [PMID: 37990402 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Consuming goat milk is known to benefit high-fat diet-fed and streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study is conducted to investigate the metabolic effects of a goat milk diet (a form of goat milk powder) on glucose homeostasis and pancreatic conditions in a mouse model of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by STZ. METHODS AND RESULTS T2DM mice are fed with a goat-milk-based diet containing 10.3% w/w goat milk powder for 10 weeks for investigating the in vivo effects; a β-cell line MIN6 cells are used to test the in vitro effects of digested goat milk (DGM). Goat milk diet improves the deleterious effects of STZ on fasting glucose levels and glucose tolerance, accelerates pancreatic structure recovery, and alters blood metabolites in mice. Based on the significant differences observed in metabolites, the key pathways, metabolite regulatory enzymes, metabolite molecular modules, and biochemical reactions are identified as critical integrated pathways. DGM promotes the cell activity, glucose transportation, and AKT activation in cultured STZ-treated MIN6 cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Goat milk diet improves glucose homeostasis and pancreatic conditions of T2DM mice, in association with improved blood metabolite profiles and activation of pancreatic AKT pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhifei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huiming Niu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinmiao Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huibin Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huanshan He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huaiping Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Cong Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang X, Wang X, Shi R, Ran X, He X, Dou D. Effective substances and mechanism of red ginseng on rats with spleen-deficiency syndrome based on the substance and energy metabolism as well as the "brain-gut" axis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 311:116438. [PMID: 37003398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Red ginseng (RG), a processed product of ginseng (GS), is a generally used qi-tonifying medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). According to the TCM principle, RG is also generally applied to spleen-deficiency syndrome (SDS) clinically for its warmer property. However, the effective substances and mechanism of RG on SDS have not been well investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to explore the effective substances and their mechanism of RG on SDS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SDS model was established with a compound factor method involving an irregular diet, excessive fatigue and sennae folium with a bitter-cold property. The medicine of RG was split by multi-mode separation methods and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). The appearance indexes such as body weight, body temperature, swimming endurance, urine output, and water content of fecal were determined. The biochemical indexes such as D-xylose, SP, VIP and AChE in the digestive system, CRH, ACTH, CORT, E, T3, T4, T, E2 and 5-HT in the endocrine system, CS, NCR, IDH1, COX and Na+-K+-ATPase in the metabolism of substance and energy, cAMP and cGMP in the cyclic nucleotide system were analyzed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and biochemical kits. The serum metabolites were analyzed by UPLC-QTOF/MS. Furthermore, the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and headspace gas chromatography-mass method. RESULTS The pharmacological experiments showed that total saponin fraction (RGTSF), less polar fraction (RGLPF), and polysaccharides faction (RGPSF) significantly modulated the "brain-gut" axis-related indexes (the levels of VIP, AChE, and 5-HT). Besides, RGTSF also significantly modulated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-related indexes as well as the substance and energy metabolism-related indexes (the levels of ACTH, CORT, A, Na+-K+-ATPase, COX, NCR and CS). RGPSF also significantly modulated the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis-related indexes (the levels of T3 and T4). Secondly, metabolomics indicated that RGTSF could significantly regulate the abnormal metabolic pathways associated with the development of SDS, which involved steroid hormone biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism. Subsequently, the study of gut microbiota indicated that RGLPF could increase the diversities of the gut microbiota and the relative abundance of Firmicutes in rats with SDS, while RGWEF significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, RGLPF could increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in rats with SDS and decrease that of Akkermansia. Meanwhile, the water-eluted fraction (RGWEF) showed a stronger regulation in SCFAs. CONCLUSION It is for the first time that the effective substances of red ginseng on spleen-deficiency syndrome were studied systematically, and the different mechanisms of the RG fractions involved in substance and energy metabolism as well as the "brain-gut" axis were revealed. The present study demonstrated that RGTSF, RGPSF, and RGLPF were the effective substances of red ginseng for ameliorating spleen-deficiency syndrome, indicating that ginsenosides composed of primary and secondary saponins as well as polysaccharides were the main effective substances for red ginseng in ameliorating spleen-deficiency syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, International Ecological Foresty Research Center of Kunming, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoku Ran
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.
| | - Xiahong He
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, International Ecological Foresty Research Center of Kunming, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.
| | - Deqiang Dou
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al Zarzour RH, Kamarulzaman EE, Saqallah FG, Zakaria F, Asif M, Abdul Razak KN. Medicinal plants' proposed nanocomposites for the management of endocrine disorders. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10665. [PMID: 36185142 PMCID: PMC9520215 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive attention has been focused on herbal medicine for the treatment of different endocrine disorders. In fact, compelling scientific evidence indicates that natural compounds might act as endocrine modulators by mimicking, stimulating, or inhibiting the actions of different hormones, such as thyroid, sex, steroidal, and glucose regulating hormones. These potentials might be effectively employed for therapeutic purposes related to the endocrine system as novel complementary choices. Nevertheless, despite the remarkable therapeutic effects, inadequate targeting efficiency and low aqueous solubility of the bioactive components are still essential challenges in their clinical accreditation. On the other hand, nanotechnology has pushed the wheels of combining inorganic nanoparticles with biological structures of medicinal bioactive compounds as one of the utmost exciting fields of research. Nanoparticle conjugations create an inclusive array of applications that provide greater compliance, higher bioavailability, and lower dosage. This can safeguard the global availability of these wealthy natural sources, regardless of their biological occurrence. This review inspects future challenges of medicinal plants in various endocrine disorders for safe and alternative treatments with examples of their nanoparticle formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghdaa Hamdan Al Zarzour
- Discipline of Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Daraa Highway, Ghabagheb Syria
| | - Ezatul Ezleen Kamarulzaman
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Fadi G Saqallah
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Fauziahanim Zakaria
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Khairul Niza Abdul Razak
- Discipline of Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang YY, Sun YP, Yang BY, Wang QH, Kuang HX. Application of metabolomics and network analysis to reveal the ameliorating effect of four typical “hot” property herbs on hypothyroidism rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:955905. [PMID: 36091783 PMCID: PMC9452843 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.955905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbs with a “hot” properties are frequently used to treat cold symptoms in TCM. However, the underlying mechanisms of the herbs with “hot” properties on hypothyroidism have not been investigated. This study aimed to explore four typical “hot” and “cold” property herb on hypothyroidism. Firstly, the difference efficacy between the four typical “hot” property herbs and the four typical “cold” property herbs was assessed by physical signs, thyroid function, and the metabolic profile using multivariate statistical analysis. The influence of the four typical “hot” property herbs on hypothyroidism was validated pathologically. The impact mechanism of the four typical “hot” property herbs on hypothyroidism was investigated through a metabolomics method combined with network analysis. Na+/K+-ATP, ACC1 enzyme, UCP-1, and the PI3K-Akt pathway were used to confirm the metabolite pathways and target-associated metabolites. The results showed that the four typical “hot” property herbs could significantly improve physical signs, thyroid function, and the metabolic profile in hypothyroidism rats, the four typical “cold” property herbs did not show any benefit. Moreover, the four typical “hot” property herbs could improve lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and thyroid hormone levels by the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Ca2+- AMPK signaling pathways, purine metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. Additionally, the levels of UCP-1, Na+/K + -ATP enzyme, and ACC1 were ameliorated by the four typical “hot” property herbs in hypothyroidism rats. Therefore, a metabolomics strategy combined with network analysis was successfully performed and interpreted the mechanism of the four typical “hot” property herbs on hypothyroidism based on the theory of “cold and hot” properties of TCM well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan-Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Qiu-Hong Wang, ; Hai-Xue Kuang,
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qiu-Hong Wang, ; Hai-Xue Kuang,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han L, Yang X, Wang W, Yang X, Dong L, Lin S, Li J, Liu X. Cord blood metabolomics reveals gestational metabolic disorder associated with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies positivity. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:244. [PMID: 35331172 PMCID: PMC8952885 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid disease is one of the common endocrine disorders affecting the pregnant women, in which thyroid autoimmunity can alter the progress and the outcome of pregnancy. Women with euthyroid status but anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies positivity before pregnancy are prone to subclinical gestational hypothyroidism. However, the connections between anti-TPO antibodies positivity and gestational hypothyroidism remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study is to investigate the differences of fetal metabolic profile at birth according to maternal anti-TPO status. Methods We performed 1H-NMR metabolomics on cord blood of a nested case control cohort of 22 pregnant women with matched thyroid hormone levels and demographic data, including 11 women with euthyroid status but anti-thyroid antibodies positivity (into the anti-TPO antibodies positivity group) and 11 matched women as controls with euthyroid status and negative anti-thyroid antibodies (into the control group). Results Distinct metabolic profiles were observed between the anti-TPO antibody positivity group and the nested control group, from which a total of 10 metabolites with between-group altered abundances were structurally identified. Five out of the 10 metabolites were up-regulated in the anti-TPO antibodies positivity group, including D-Glucose, L-Glutamine, 3-Hydroxybutyric acid, Myo-Inositol, Creatinine. The other 5 metabolites were down-regulated in the anti-TPO antibodies positivity group, including L-Leucine, L-Lysine, L-Glutamic acid, L-Tyrosine, and L-Phenylalanine. All the 10 metabolites have been previously reported to be correlated with hypothyroidism. Metabolite set enrichment analysis and pathway analysis suggested that amino acid metabolism pathways (especially the phenylalanine metabolism) were associated with anti-TPO antibodies positivity. Conclusion The results of this study suggested that fetal metabolic disorder is correlated with anti-TPO antibodies positivity, representing by abundance alteration of hypothyroidism associated metabolites and the related disturbance of amino acid metabolism pathways. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04564-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingna Han
- Department of Physiology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueliang Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumei Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen J, Chen S, Chen J, Shen B, Jiang Z, Xu Y. Study on the Molecular Basis of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction Against Atopic Dermatitis Integrating Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Metabolomics Strategies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:770524. [PMID: 34970141 PMCID: PMC8712871 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.770524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic relapsing skin inflammation, which severely affect the quality of life of patients. Inhibiting itching and enhancing immunity to mitigate scratching are key elements in the fight against AD. Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJDD) has multiple pharmacological effects in the treatment of AD. However, the effective ingredients and underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully explored. Thus, this study integrates chemistry, biochemistry, and metabolomics strategies to evaluate the active substance basis of HLJDD against AD. First, HLJDD was split to five fractions (CPF, 40AEF, 90AEF, PEF and WEF) and 72 chemical components were identified. NSD (Non-similarity degree) among the different fractions showed significant chemical differences (>81%). Interleukin IL-13, IL-17A, IL-3, IL-31, IL-33, IL4, IL-5, TSLP, IgE, and histamine in the serum, and IL-4Rα, JAK1, and HRH4 levels in skin, participating in inhibiting itching and regulating immunity signaling, were found to be restored to varying degrees in AD treating with HLJDD and its fractions, especially 40AEF and CPF. Untargeted metabolomics analysis demonstrated that forty metabolites were differential metabolites in plasma between the HLJDD-treated group and the AD group, involving in histidine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, and so on. Further, targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that eleven differential metabolites, associating with physiological and biochemical indices, were significant improved in the HLJDD and its fractions groups. In conclusion, HLJDD exhibited anti-AD effects by inhibiting itching and enhancing immunity, which in turn regulating the levels of relative metabolites, and CPF and 40AEF were considered the most important components of HLJDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lin Hai, China
| | - Saizhen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Jinguang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Bixin Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhengli Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lin Hai, China
| | - Yubin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yin X, Li J, Hao Z, Ding R, Qiao Y. A systematic study of traditional Chinese medicine treating hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma based on target-driven reverse network pharmacology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:964469. [PMID: 36046748 PMCID: PMC9420877 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.964469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious global health problem, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains the leading cause of HCC. It is standard care to administer antiviral treatment for HBV-related HCC patients with concurrent anti-cancer therapy. However, a drug with repressive effects on both HBV infection and HCC has not been discovered yet. In addition, drug resistance and side effects have made existing therapeutic regimens suboptimal. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has multi-ingredient and multi-target advantages in dealing with multifactorial HBV infection and HCC. TCM has long been served as a valuable source and inspiration for discovering new drugs. In present study, a target-driven reverse network pharmacology was applied for the first time to systematically study the therapeutic potential of TCM in treating HBV-related HCC. Firstly, 47 shared targets between HBV and HCC were screened as HBV-related HCC targets. Next, starting from 47 targets, the relevant chemical components and herbs were matched. A network containing 47 targets, 913 chemical components and 469 herbs was established. Then, the validated results showed that almost 80% of the herbs listed in chronic hepatitis B guidelines and primary liver cancer guidelines were included in the 469 herbs. Furthermore, functional analysis was conducted to understand the biological processes and pathways regulated by these 47 targets. The docking results indicated that the top 50 chemical components bound well to targets. Finally, the frequency statistical analysis results showed the 469 herbs against HBV-related HCC were mainly warm in property, bitter in taste, and distributed to the liver meridians. Taken together, a small library of 913 chemical components and 469 herbs against HBV-related HCC were obtained with a target-driven approach, thus paving the way for the development of therapeutic modalities to treat HBV-related HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Yin, ; Yanan Qiao,
| | - Jinchuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zheng Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanan Qiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Yin, ; Yanan Qiao,
| |
Collapse
|