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Peters K, Lerma Clavero A, Kullenberg F, Kopsida M, Dahlgren D, Heindryckx F, Lennernäs H, Sjöblom M. Melatonin mitigates chemotherapy-induced small intestinal atrophy in rats and reduces cytotoxicity in murine intestinal organoids. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307414. [PMID: 39226257 PMCID: PMC11371236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers among the most prevalent and deadly forms. These cancers often lead to high mortality rates and demand the use of potent cytotoxic chemotherapeutics. For example, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) forms the backbone of chemotherapy regimens for various GI cancers, including colorectal cancer. While these chemotherapeutics efficiently kill cancer cells, they frequently cause off-target effects such as chemotherapy-induced mucositis (CIM), characterized by debilitating symptoms like pain, nausea, and diarrhoea, necessitating medical intervention. In this study, we elucidated the potential of melatonin and misoprostol to reduce 5-FU-induced small intestinal mucositis. Morphological and cellular changes in the jejunum, along with colonic faecal water content were quantified in rats as markers for CIM. Additionally, the effects of melatonin were investigated in vitro on 5-FU treated murine intestinal organoids. The results showed that melatonin prevented villus atrophy in the rat jejunal mucosa and upheld cell viability in murine intestinal organoids. In contrast, misoprostol alone or in combination with melatonin did not significantly affect CIM caused by 5-FU. These in vivo and in vitro experiments provided promising insights that melatonin may be used as a preventive and/or adjuvant combination therapy to prevent and reduce CIM, holding the potential to enhance cancer treatment outcomes and improve patient quality-of-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Peters
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ada Lerma Clavero
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Kullenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Kopsida
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Dahlgren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Femke Heindryckx
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus Sjöblom
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Teng Y, Li J, Guo J, Yan C, Wang A, Xia X. Alginate oligosaccharide improves 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis by enhancing intestinal barrier and modulating intestinal levels of butyrate and isovalerate. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133699. [PMID: 38972652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced mucositis (CIM) is the typical side effect of chemotherapy. This study investigates the potential of alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) in ameliorating CIM induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in a murine model and its underlying mechanisms. AOS effectively mitigated body weight loss and histopathological damage, modulated inflammatory cytokines and attenuated the oxidative stress. AOS restored intestinal barrier integrity through enhancing expression of tight junction proteins via MLCK signaling pathway. AOS alleviated intestinal mucosal damage by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, downregulating the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and upregulating the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Moreover, AOS significantly enriched intestinal Akkermansiaceae and increased the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), most notably butyrate and isovalerate. Pre-treatment with butyrate and isovalerate also alleviated 5-FU-induced CIM. In conclusion, AOS effectively mitigated CIM through strenghthening intestinal barrier, attenuating inflammation, and modulating gut microbiota and intestianl levels of butyrate and isovalerate. These finding indicate that AOS could be potentially utilized as a supplemental strategy for prevention or mitigation of CIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Teng
- Dalian Jinshiwan Laboratory, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Dalian Jinshiwan Laboratory, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Dalian Jinshiwan Laboratory, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Chunhong Yan
- Dalian Jinshiwan Laboratory, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Ailing Wang
- Dalian Jinshiwan Laboratory, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- Dalian Jinshiwan Laboratory, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China.
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Mitrofanova O, Nikolaev M, Xu Q, Broguiere N, Cubela I, Camp JG, Bscheider M, Lutolf MP. Bioengineered human colon organoids with in vivo-like cellular complexity and function. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:1175-1186.e7. [PMID: 38876106 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Organoids and organs-on-a-chip have emerged as powerful tools for modeling human gut physiology and disease in vitro. Although physiologically relevant, these systems often lack the environmental milieu, spatial organization, cell type diversity, and maturity necessary for mimicking human intestinal mucosa. To instead generate models closely resembling in vivo tissue, we herein integrated organoid and organ-on-a-chip technology to develop an advanced human organoid model, called "mini-colons." By employing an asymmetric stimulation with growth factors, we greatly enhanced tissue longevity and replicated in vivo-like diversity and patterning of proliferative and differentiated cell types. Mini-colons contain abundant mucus-producing goblet cells and, signifying mini-colon maturation, single-cell RNA sequencing reveals emerging mature and functional colonocytes. This methodology is expanded to generate microtissues from the small intestine and incorporate additional microenvironmental components. Finally, our bioengineered organoids provide a precise platform to systematically study human gut physiology and pathology, and a reliable preclinical model for drug safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mitrofanova
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail Nikolaev
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland
| | - Quan Xu
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Broguiere
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Irineja Cubela
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland
| | - J Gray Camp
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bscheider
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland; Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
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Marsh DT, Smid SD. Selected phytocannabinoids inhibit SN-38- and cytokine-evoked increases in epithelial permeability and improve intestinal barrier function in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 99:105888. [PMID: 38950639 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Irinotecan use is linked to the development of gastrointestinal toxicity and inflammation, or gastrointestinal mucositis. Selected phytocannabinoids have been ascribed anti-inflammatory effects in models of gastrointestinal inflammation, associated with maintaining epithelial barrier function. We characterised the mucoprotective capacity of the phytocannabinoids: cannabidiol, cannabigerol, cannabichromene and cannabidivarin in a cell-based model of intestinal epithelial stress occurring in mucositis. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured to determine changes in epithelial permeability in the presence of SN-38 (5 μM) or the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β (each at 100 ng/mL), alone or with concomitant treatment with each of the phytocannabinoids (1 μM). The DCFDA assay was used to determine the ROS-scavenging ability of each phytocannabinoid following treatment with the lipid peroxidant tbhp (200 μM). Each phytocannabinoid provided significant protection against cytokine-evoked increases in epithelial permeability. Cannabidiol, cannabidivarin and cannabigerol were also able to significantly inhibit SN-38-evoked increases in permeability. None of the tested phytocannabinoids inhibited tbhp-induced ROS generation. These results highlight a novel role for cannabidiol, cannabidivarin and cannabigerol as inhibitors of SN-38-evoked increases in epithelial permeability and support the rationale for the further development of novel phytocannabinoids as supportive therapeutics in the management of irinotecan-associated mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T Marsh
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Scott D Smid
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Awais M, Zubair HM, Nadeem H, Hill JW, Ali J, Saleem A, Asghar R, Khan S, Maqbool T, Akhtar MF, Naveed M, Asif M. Benzimidazole Derivative (N-{4-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1H-Benzimidazole-1-Sulfonyl] Phenyl} Acetamide) Ameliorates Methotrexate-Induced Intestinal Mucositis by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Mice. Inflammation 2024; 47:1185-1203. [PMID: 38289578 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-01969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX)-induced intestinal mucositis (IM) is a common side effect in cancer treatment that impairs the immune system and gut microbes, resulting in loss of mucosal integrity and gut barrier dysfunction. The quality of life and outcomes of treatment are compromised by IM. The present study was designed to investigate the mucoprotective potential of the benzimidazole derivative N-{4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-1-sulfonyl] phenyl} acetamide (B8) on MTX-induced IM in mice. IM was induced by a single dose of MTX in mice and assessed by physical manifestations as well as biochemical, oxidative, histological, and inflammatory parameters. B8 (1, 3, 9 mg/kg) significantly reduced diarrhea score, mitigated weight loss, increased feed intake and, survival rate in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, B8 exhibited a mucoprotective effect evident through the mitigation of villus atrophy, crypt hypoplasia, diminished crypt mitotic figures, mucin depletion, and oxidative stress markers (GSH, SOD, MDA, and catalase concentration). Gene expression analysis revealed that B8 downregulated the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and concurrently upregulated IL-10 expression in contrast to the MTX group. Further, B8 significantly improved the luminal microflora profile by augmenting the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and reducing the number of pathogenic bacteria (E. coli). Additionally, the enzyme-linked immunoassay showed that B8 decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings suggest that B8 had mucoprotective effects against MTX-induced IM and could be used as an adjunct in chemotherapy to deter this side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Zubair
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
- Post-Graduate Medical College, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Jawad Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Asghar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
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6
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Compton SLE, Heymsfield SB, Brown JC. Nutritional Mechanisms of Cancer Cachexia. Annu Rev Nutr 2024; 44:77-98. [PMID: 39207878 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-062122-015646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a complex systemic wasting syndrome. Nutritional mechanisms that span energy intake, nutrient metabolism, body composition, and energy balance may be impacted by, and may contribute to, the development of cachexia. To date, clinical management of cachexia remains elusive. Leaning on discoveries and novel methodologies from other fields of research may bolster new breakthroughs that improve nutritional management and clinical outcomes. Characteristics that compare and contrast cachexia and obesity may reveal opportunities for cachexia research to adopt methodology from the well-established field of obesity research. This review outlines the known nutritional mechanisms and gaps in the knowledge surrounding cancer cachexia. In parallel, we present how obesity may be a different side of the same coin and how obesity research has tackled similar research questions. We present insights into how cachexia research may utilize nutritional methodology to expand our understanding of cachexia to improve definitions and clinical care in future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L E Compton
- Cancer Energetics Unit, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Metabolism and Body Composition Unit, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Justin C Brown
- Cancer Energetics Unit, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
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7
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Ardahan Sevgili S, Şenol S. The Effect of Gastrointestinal Mucositis Care Training Given to Pediatric Leukemic Patients and Caregivers on Mucosal Barrier Injury. Cancer Nurs 2024:00002820-990000000-00268. [PMID: 38949311 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000001385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of chemotherapy-induced mucosal barrier damage and oral/anal mucositis in leukemia is challenging. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mucositis care training given to children receiving leukemia treatment and their caregivers on caregiver knowledge and skills, the development of gastrointestinal mucositis in children, the mean oral mucositis area in children, and the mucosal barrier injury laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection in the clinic. METHODS A stepped-wedge, quasi-experimental, unpaired control group design was used. The participants in the control group were given routine training, and the intervention group members were given mucositis care training in accordance with the guideline recommendations. RESULTS No significant difference was found between groups in developing anal mucositis, but a significant difference in developing oral mucositis was documented, with the mean mucositis area of children being 8.36 ± 3.97 cm2 in the control group and 4.66 ± 2.90 cm2 in the intervention group. The mucosal barrier injury laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection ratio was 4 per 1000 catheter days in the control group and 3 per 1000 catheter days in the intervention group. CONCLUSION Mucositis care training had a significant positive effect on caregivers' knowledge and skills, the development of oral mucositis, and the mean oral mucositis area in children. However, the training had no effect on the development of anal mucositis or the infection rate in the clinic. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurses might increase the knowledge and skill levels of caregivers with training on mucositis care, prevent the development of mucositis, and reduce the mean mucositis area. Training might also contribute to the reduction in the infection rate of the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Ardahan Sevgili
- Author Affiliations: Pediatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ege University (Dr Ardahan Sevgili), Izmir; and Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kütahya Health Sciences University (Dr Şenol), Turkey
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Ali GF, Hassanein EHM, Mohamed WR. Molecular mechanisms underlying methotrexate-induced intestinal injury and protective strategies. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03164-x. [PMID: 38822868 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a folic acid reductase inhibitor that manages various malignancies as well as immune-mediated inflammatory chronic diseases. Despite being frequently prescribed, MTX's severe multiple toxicities can occasionally limit its therapeutic potential. Intestinal toxicity is a severe adverse effect associated with the administration of MTX, and patients are significantly burdened by MTX-provoked intestinal mucositis. However, the mechanism of such intestinal toxicity is not entirely understood, mechanistic studies demonstrated oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions as key factors that lead to the development of MTX-induced intestinal injury. Besides, MTX causes intestinal cells to express pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which activate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). This is followed by the activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of the transcription3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling pathway. Moreover, because of its dual anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) has been considered a critical signaling pathway that counteracts oxidative stress in MTX-induced intestinal injury. Several agents have potential protective effects in counteracting MTX-provoked intestinal injury such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, taurine, umbelliferone, vinpocetine, perindopril, rutin, hesperidin, lycopene, quercetin, apocynin, lactobacillus, berberine, zinc, and nifuroxazide. This review aims to summarize the potential redox molecular mechanisms of MTX-induced intestinal injury and how they can be alleviated. In conclusion, studying these molecular pathways might open the way for early alleviation of the intestinal damage and the development of various agent plans to attenuate MTX-mediated intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber F Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut Branch, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62514, Egypt.
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Blijlevens NMA, Reijnders B, Molendijk E. Gastrointestinal mucositis: a sign of a (systemic) inflammatory response. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2024; 18:78-85. [PMID: 38652460 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Gastrointestinal mucositis (GIM) is a significant complication of cancer therapy. Whilst inflammation is a central feature of GIM, studies attempting to mitigate mucosal damage via this mechanism are scarce. This review describes the relation between GIM, local and systemic inflammation, and the microbiome and its metabolites, and explores recent research on therapeutics that target this relationship. RECENT FINDINGS Recent literature underscores the pivotal role of inflammation in GIM, elucidating its bidirectional relation with disturbance of the gut microbiota composition and intestinal permeability. These events cause a heightened risk of bloodstream infections and lead to systemic inflammation. While studies investigating risk prediction models or therapeutics targeting GIM-related inflammation remain scarce, results have shown promise in finding biomarkers and alleviating GIM and its accompanying clinical symptoms. SUMMARY The findings underscore the important role of inflammation and the microbiome in GIM. Understanding the inflammatory pathways driving GIM is crucial for developing effective treatments. Further research is needed using genomics, epigenomics, and microbiomics to explore better risk prediction models or therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating GIM-related inflammation.
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Chen Q, Muñoz AR, Korchagina AA, Shou Y, Vallecer J, Todd AW, Shein SA, Tumanov AV, Koroleva E. LTβR-RelB signaling in intestinal epithelial cells protects from chemotherapy-induced mucosal damage. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1388496. [PMID: 38873613 PMCID: PMC11169669 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate immune mechanisms governing mucosal healing following intestinal damage induced by cytotoxic drugs remain poorly understood. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) signaling in chemotherapy-induced intestinal damage. LTβR deficient mice exhibited heightened body weight loss, exacerbated intestinal pathology, increased proinflammatory cytokine expression, reduced IL-22 expression, and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells following methotrexate (MTX) treatment. Furthermore, LTβR-/-IL-22-/- mice succumbed to MTX treatment, suggesting that LTβR- and IL-22- dependent pathways jointly promote mucosal repair. Although both LTβR ligands LIGHT and LTβ were upregulated in the intestine early after MTX treatment, LIGHT-/- mice, but not LTβ-/- mice, displayed exacerbated disease. Further, we revealed the critical role of T cells in mucosal repair as T cell-deficient mice failed to upregulate intestinal LIGHT expression and exhibited increased body weight loss and intestinal pathology. Analysis of mice with conditional inactivation of LTβR revealed that LTβR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells, but not in Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells, macrophages or dendritic cells was critical for mucosal repair. Furthermore, inactivation of the non-canonical NF-kB pathway member RelB in intestinal epithelial cells promoted MTX-induced disease. Based on these results, we propose a model wherein LIGHT produced by T cells activates LTβR-RelB signaling in intestinal epithelial cells to facilitate mucosal repair following chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangxing Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Amanda R. Muñoz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Anna A. Korchagina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yajun Shou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jensine Vallecer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Austin W. Todd
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Sergey A. Shein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alexei V. Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ekaterina Koroleva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Deans-Fielder K, Wu T, Nguyen T, To S, Huang YZ, Bark SJ, Mills JC, Shroyer NF. Mechanisms driving fasting-induced protection from genotoxic injury in the small intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G504-G524. [PMID: 38349111 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00126.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Genotoxic agents such as doxorubicin (DXR) can cause damage to the intestines that can be ameliorated by fasting. How fasting is protective and the optimal timing of fasting and refeeding remain unclear. Here, our analysis of fasting/refeeding-induced global intestinal transcriptional changes revealed metabolic shifts and implicated the cellular energetic hub mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in protecting from DXR-induced DNA damage. Our analysis of specific transcripts and proteins in intestinal tissue and tissue extracts showed that fasting followed by refeeding at the time of DXR administration reduced damage and caused a spike in mTORC1 activity. However, continued fasting after DXR prevented the mTORC1 spike and damage reduction. Surprisingly, the mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, did not block fasting/refeeding-induced reduction in DNA damage, suggesting that increased mTORC1 is dispensable for protection against the initial DNA damage response. In Ddit4-/- mice [DDIT4 (DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4) functions to regulate mTORC1 activity], fasting reduced DNA damage and increased intestinal crypt viability vs. ad libitum-fed Ddit4-/- mice. Fasted/refed Ddit4-/- mice maintained body weight, with increased crypt proliferation by 5 days post-DXR, whereas ad libitum-fed Ddit4-/- mice continued to lose weight and displayed limited crypt proliferation. Genes encoding epithelial stem cell and DNA repair proteins were elevated in DXR-injured, fasted vs. ad libitum Ddit4-/- intestines. Thus, fasting strongly reduced intestinal damage when normal dynamic regulation of mTORC1 was lost. Overall, the results confirm that fasting protects the intestines against DXR and suggests that fasting works by pleiotropic - including both mTORC1-dependent and independent - mechanisms across the temporally dynamic injury response.NEW & NOTEWORTHY New findings are 1) DNA damage reduction following a 24-h fast depends on the timing of postfast refeeding in relation to chemotherapy initiation; 2) fasting/refeeding-induced upregulation of mTORC1 activity is not required for early (6 h) protection against DXR-induced DNA damage; and 3) fasting increases expression of intestinal stem cell and DNA damage repair genes, even when mTORC1 is dysregulated, highlighting fasting's crucial role in regulating mTORC1-dependent and independent mechanisms in the dynamic recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali Deans-Fielder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Timothy Wu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Cancer and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Sarah To
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yang-Zhe Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Cancer and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Steven J Bark
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jason C Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Noah F Shroyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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12
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Dahlgren D, Hellström PM. Medicinal grade opium tincture for severe diarrhea: effect revisited in observational study. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2024; 40:196-202. [PMID: 37903075 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic diarrhea is a common disorder that interferes with normal daily activities and results in poor quality of life. Fecal urgency and incontinence often necessitate clinical consultation, but the pathophysiological mechanisms are difficult to differentiate in a clinical setting. Therefore, drugs targeting the opioid receptors, such as diphenoxylate and loperamide, are typically used, as they reduce both gut motility and secretion. RECENT FINDINGS For severe diarrhea, morphine-containing extemporaneous opium tincture drops have recently been reprofiled to a pharmaceutical. The drug is indicated for severe diarrhea in adults when other antidiarrheals do not give sufficient fecal emptying control. The pronounced effect is due to the liquid formulation with rapid onset as a drug dissolution step is avoided. A recent prospective, noninterventional study (CLARIFY) of patients treated with opioid drops demonstrates a rapid and sustained therapeutic effect. Tolerance does not develop for the antidiarrheal effect and no dependence was observed after discontinuation. SUMMARY This mini-review discusses the use of opium derivates for treatment of diarrhea, with an emphasis on opium drops as a new medicinal grade opium for the use as additional treatment of severe diarrhea, emphasizing its mechanism of action and evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dahlgren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Uppsala University
| | - Per M Hellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology/Hepatology Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Kang EJ, Kim JH, Kim YE, Lee H, Jung KB, Chang DH, Lee Y, Park S, Lee EY, Lee EJ, Kang HB, Rhyoo MY, Seo S, Park S, Huh Y, Go J, Choi JH, Choi YK, Lee IB, Choi DH, Seo YJ, Noh JR, Kim KS, Hwang JH, Jeong JS, Kwon HJ, Yoo HM, Son MY, Kim YG, Lee DH, Kim TY, Kwon HJ, Kim MH, Kim BC, Kim YH, Kang D, Lee CH. The secreted protein Amuc_1409 from Akkermansia muciniphila improves gut health through intestinal stem cell regulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2983. [PMID: 38582860 PMCID: PMC10998920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila has received great attention because of its beneficial roles in gut health by regulating gut immunity, promoting intestinal epithelial development, and improving barrier integrity. However, A. muciniphila-derived functional molecules regulating gut health are not well understood. Microbiome-secreted proteins act as key arbitrators of host-microbiome crosstalk through interactions with host cells in the gut and are important for understanding host-microbiome relationships. Herein, we report the biological function of Amuc_1409, a previously uncharacterised A. muciniphila-secreted protein. Amuc_1409 increased intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and regeneration in ex vivo intestinal organoids and in vivo models of radiation- or chemotherapeutic drug-induced intestinal injury and natural aging with male mice. Mechanistically, Amuc_1409 promoted E-cadherin/β-catenin complex dissociation via interaction with E-cadherin, resulting in the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our results demonstrate that Amuc_1409 plays a crucial role in intestinal homeostasis by regulating ISC activity in an E-cadherin-dependent manner and is a promising biomolecule for improving and maintaining gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Kang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Livestock Products Analysis Division, Division of Animal health, Daejeon Metropolitan City Institute of Health and Environment, Daejeon, 34146, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Group for Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- School of Earth Sciences & Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Bo Jung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Chang
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinhye Park
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Bum Kang
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Young Rhyoo
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Seo
- School of Earth Sciences & Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubin Huh
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Go
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyeon Choi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Keun Choi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Bok Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Seo
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Shim Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Jeong
- Group for Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Measurement Science, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) School of Precision Measurement, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jeong Kwon
- Group for Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Group for Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Measurement Science, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) School of Precision Measurement, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Gu Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Biological Engineering, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- School of Earth Sciences & Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Chan Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- HealthBiome Inc., Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dukjin Kang
- Group for Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Degerstedt O, O'Callaghan P, Clavero AL, Gråsjö J, Eriksson O, Sjögren E, Hansson P, Heindryckx F, Kreuger J, Lennernäs H. Quantitative imaging of doxorubicin diffusion and cellular uptake in biomimetic gels with human liver tumor cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:970-983. [PMID: 37824040 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel tumor-on-a-chip approaches are increasingly used to investigate tumor progression and potential treatment options. To improve the effect of any cancer treatment it is important to have an in depth understanding of drug diffusion, penetration through the tumor extracellular matrix and cellular uptake. In this study, we have developed a miniaturized chip where drug diffusion and cellular uptake in different hydrogel environments can be quantified at high resolution using live imaging. Diffusion of doxorubicin was reduced in a biomimetic hydrogel mimicking tissue properties of cirrhotic liver and early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (373 ± 108 µm2/s) as compared to an agarose gel (501 ± 77 µm2/s, p = 0.019). The diffusion was further lowered to 256 ± 30 µm2/s (p = 0.028) by preparing the biomimetic gel in cell media instead of phosphate buffered saline. The addition of liver tumor cells (Huh7 or HepG2) to the gel, at two different densities, did not significantly influence drug diffusion. Clinically relevant and quantifiable doxorubicin concentration gradients (1-20 µM) were established in the chip within one hour. Intracellular increases in doxorubicin fluorescence correlated with decreasing fluorescence of the DNA-binding stain Hoechst 33342 and based on the quantified intracellular uptake of doxorubicin an apparent cell permeability (9.00 ± 0.74 × 10-4 µm/s for HepG2) was determined. Finally, the data derived from the in vitro model were applied to a spatio-temporal tissue concentration model to evaluate the potential clinical impact of a cirrhotic extracellular matrix on doxorubicin diffusion and tumor cell uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Degerstedt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul O'Callaghan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ada Lerma Clavero
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Gråsjö
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olle Eriksson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Sjögren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Hansson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Femke Heindryckx
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Kreuger
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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15
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Cazzaniga M, Cardinali M, Di Pierro F, Zonzini GB, Palazzi CM, Gregoretti A, Zerbinati N, Guasti L, Bertuccioli A. The Potential Role of Probiotics, Especially Butyrate Producers, in the Management of Gastrointestinal Mucositis Induced by Oncologic Chemo-Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2306. [PMID: 38396981 PMCID: PMC10889689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Many clinical studies have now highlighted how the composition of the intestinal microbiota can regulate the effects of many oncological therapies. In particular, the modulation of microbial composition has been shown to enhance their efficacy and reduce potential side effects. Numerous adverse events induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy appear to be strongly associated with an alteration in the intestinal microbiota caused by these treatments. This supports the hypothesis that the modulation or correction of the microbiota may decrease the toxic impact of therapies, improving patient compliance and quality of life. Among the most debilitating disorders related to oncological treatments is certainly mucositis, and recent clinical data highlight how the deficiency of short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, and specifically the lack of certain bacterial groups responsible for its production (butyrate producers), is strongly associated with this disorder. It is hypothesized that restoring these elements may influence the onset and severity of adverse events. Therefore, the intake of probiotics, especially butyrate producers, and specifically Clostridium butyricum (CBM588), currently the only cultivable and usable strain with a history of data proving its safety, could be a valuable ally in oncological therapies, reducing the associated discomfort and improving compliance, efficacy, and quality of life for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Cazzaniga
- Scientific & Research Department, Velleja Research, 20125 Milano, Italy (F.D.P.)
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy (A.B.)
| | - Marco Cardinali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infermi Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Pierro
- Scientific & Research Department, Velleja Research, 20125 Milano, Italy (F.D.P.)
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy (A.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy (L.G.)
| | | | | | - Aurora Gregoretti
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy (A.B.)
| | - Nicola Zerbinati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy (L.G.)
| | - Luigina Guasti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy (L.G.)
| | - Alexander Bertuccioli
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy (A.B.)
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy
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16
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Hayano E, Gon Y, Kimura Y, Zha L, Morishima T, Ohno Y, Mochizuki H, Sobue T, Miyashiro I. Risk of Parkinson's disease-related death in cancer survivors: A population-based study in Japan. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 119:105966. [PMID: 38147694 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of Parkinson's disease (PD)-related death in patients with cancer largely unexplored. METHODS We analyzed data from the Neoplasms ANd other causes of DEath (NANDE) study, which investigates the causes of death in patients with cancer in Japan. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated to compare the risk of PD-related deaths in patients with cancer to that of the general population. Poisson regression models were employed to estimate the relative risk of PD-related death in the subgroups. RESULTS The cohort included 548,485 patients with cancer, yielding 2,047,398 person-years at risk from 1995 to 2013. During the study period, 242,250 patients died and 145 deaths were attributable to PD. The SMR for PD-related death was 2.34 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.99-2.75). Patients who were diagnosed with cancer before 70 years of age had a high SMR (>5) for PD-related deaths. The SMR of patients with mouth-to-stomach cancers (lip, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach cancers) was 3.72 (95% CI: 2.84-4.86), while that of those with other cancers was 1.93 (95% CI: 1.57-2.37). The multivariate Poisson regression model revealed that patients with mouth-to-stomach cancers were more likely to die of PD than those without (relative risk 2.07, 95 % CI; 1.46-2.93). CONCLUSIONS Patients with cancer are at a high risk of PD-related death; particularly, mouth-to-stomach cancers and potentially obstructing medication for PD are attributable to a high mortality risk. Careful management, including adequate PD treatment, would benefit cancer survivors with PD and reduce the risk of PD-related death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Hayano
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Gon
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
| | - Yasuyoshi Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ling Zha
- Department of Social Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Population Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Morishima
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yuko Ohno
- Department of Mathematical Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Department of Social Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Population Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Isao Miyashiro
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
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17
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Souza RO, Miranda VC, Quintanilha MF, Gallotti B, Oliveira SRM, Silva JL, Alvarez-Leite JI, Jesus LCL, Azevedo V, Vital KD, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN, Ferreira E, Nicoli JR, Martins FS. Evaluation of the Treatment with Akkermansia muciniphila BAA-835 of Chemotherapy-induced Mucositis in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:275-292. [PMID: 36652108 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mucositis is a high-incidence side effect in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Next-generation probiotics are emerging as new therapeutic tools for managing various disorders. Studies have demonstrated the potential of Akkermansia muciniphila to increase the efficiency of anticancer treatment and to mitigate mucositis. Due to the beneficial effect of A. muciniphila on the host, we evaluated the dose-response, the microorganism viability, and the treatment protocol of A. muciniphila BAA-835 in a murine model of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Female Balb/c mice were divided into groups that received either sterile 0.9% saline or A. muciniphila by gavage. Mucositis was induced using a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-fluorouracil. The animals were euthanized three days after the induction of mucositis, and tissue and blood were collected for analysis. Prevention of weight loss and small intestine shortening and reduction of neutrophil and eosinophil influx were observed when animals were pretreated with viable A. muciniphila at 1010 colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL). The A. muciniphila improved mucosal damage by preserving tissue architecture and increasing villus height and goblet cell number. It also improved the integrity of the epithelial barrier, decreasing intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. In addition, the treatment prevented the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae. The immunological parameters were also improved by decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL1β, and TNF) and increasing IL10. In conclusion, pretreatment with 1010 CFU/mL of viable A. muciniphila effectively controlled inflammation, protected the intestinal mucosa and the epithelial barrier, and prevented Enterobacteriaceae expansion in treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon O Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vivian C Miranda
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mônica F Quintanilha
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gallotti
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Samantha R M Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Janayne L Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica E Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline I Alvarez-Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica E Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luís C L Jesus
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia E Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia E Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Kátia D Vital
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone O A Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Valbert N Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacques R Nicoli
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flaviano S Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Hussein N, Rajasuriar R, Khan AM, Lim YAL, Gan GG. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Hematological Cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:7-20. [PMID: 37906201 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Humans are in a complex symbiotic relationship with a wide range of microbial organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The evolution and composition of the human microbiome can be an indicator of how it may affect human health and susceptibility to diseases. Microbiome alteration, termed as dysbiosis, has been linked to the pathogenesis and progression of hematological cancers. A variety of mechanisms, including epithelial barrier disruption, local chronic inflammation response trigger, antigen dis-sequestration, and molecular mimicry, have been proposed to be associated with gut microbiota. Dysbiosis may be induced or worsened by cancer therapies (such as chemotherapy and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) or infection. The use of antibiotics during treatment may also promote dysbiosis, with possible long-term consequences. The aim of this review is to provide a succinct summary of the current knowledge describing the role of the microbiome in hematological cancers, as well as its influence on their therapies. Modulation of the gut microbiome, involving modifying the composition of the beneficial microorganisms in the management and treatment of hematological cancers is also discussed. Additionally discussed are the latest developments in modeling approaches and tools used for computational analyses, interpretation and better understanding of the gut microbiome data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najihah Hussein
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Reena Rajasuriar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Asif M Khan
- School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkiye
- College of Computing and Information Technology, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yvonne Ai-Lian Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gin Gin Gan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Yu Z, Wu Z, Zhou M, Chen L, Li W, Liu G, Tang Y. mtADENet: A novel interpretable method integrating multiple types of network-based inference approaches for prediction of adverse drug events. Comput Biol Med 2024; 168:107831. [PMID: 38081118 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Identification of adverse drug events (ADEs) is crucial to reduce human health risks and accelerate drug safety assessment. ADEs are mainly caused by unintended interactions with primary or additional targets (off-targets). In this study, we proposed a novel interpretable method named mtADENet, which integrates multiple types of network-based inference approaches for ADE prediction. Different from phenotype-based methods, mtADENet introduced computational target profiles predicted by network-based methods to bridge the gap between chemical structures and ADEs, and hence can not only predict ADEs for drugs and novel compounds within or outside the drug-ADE association network, but also provide insights for the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of the ADEs caused by drugs. We constructed a series of network-based prediction models for 23 ADE categories. These models achieved high AUC values ranging from 0.865 to 0.942 in 10-fold cross validation. The best model further showed high performance on four external validation sets, which outperformed two previous network-based methods. To show the practical value of mtADENet, we performed case studies on developmental neurotoxicity and cardio-oncology, and over 50 % of predicted ADEs and targets for drugs and novel compounds were validated by literature. Moreover, mtADENet is freely available at our web server named NetInfer (http://lmmd.ecust.edu.cn/netinfer/). In summary, mtADENet would be a powerful tool for ADE prediction and drug safety assessment in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohang Yu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zengrui Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Moran Zhou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Long Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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20
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Gómez Escudero O. Enterocolitis and other immunotherapy and targeted therapy-related gastrointestinal manifestations: A review for gastroenterologist. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA DE MEXICO (ENGLISH) 2024; 89:89-105. [PMID: 38485558 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
New oncologic treatments, particularly immunotherapy (IT), have revolutionized the treatment of advanced-stage malignant tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the main form of IT and act by increasing T cell activity and the organism's immune response against neoplastic cells. Targeted therapy is another form of IT that acts by inhibiting oncogenes or inflammation signaling and tumor angiogenesis pathways. However, these mechanisms of tumor destruction can interfere with the host's immune self-tolerance or with the mechanisms of epithelial tissue repair and predispose to immune system-mediated adverse events that can affect multiple organs, including the digestive tract. The gastrointestinal manifestations of damage caused by IT can range from low-grade mucositis to ulceration, and in some cases, necrosis and perforation. Any part of the gastrointestinal tract can be affected, but there is greater involvement of the small bowel and colon, with a pattern similar to that seen in inflammatory bowel disease. The most common clinical manifestation is chronic diarrhea. The differential diagnosis includes enteropathogenic infections, especially those caused by opportunistic microorganisms; adverse drug reactions; and other inflammatory and malabsorption disorders. Treatment is guided by damage severity. Mild cases can be treated with antidiarrheals and rehydration in the outpatient setting; moderate cases with hospitalization, systemic steroids, and temporary suspension of IT; and severe cases with immunosuppressants or biologic agents and definitive suspension of IT.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gómez Escudero
- Clínica de Gastroenterología, Endoscopia Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal «Endoneurogastro», Hospital Ángeles, Puebla, Mexico.
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21
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Deleemans JM, Chleilat F, Reimer RA, Lawal OA, Baydoun M, Piedalue KA, Lowry DE, Carlson LE. Associations Between Health Behaviors, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Gut Microbiota in a Cross-Sectional Sample of Cancer Survivors: Secondary Analysis from the Chemo-Gut Study. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354241240141. [PMID: 38517129 PMCID: PMC10960346 DOI: 10.1177/15347354241240141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health behaviors, such as diet and exercise, are actions individuals take that can potentially impact gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and the gut microbiota. Little is known about how health behaviors impact GI symptoms and the gut microbiota after anti-cancer therapies. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study that investigated relationships between GI symptoms, gut microbiota, and patient-reported outcomes in adult cancer survivors. Gut microbiota was assessed from stool samples using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. GI symptoms and health behaviors were measured via self-report. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and correlation analyses are reported. RESULTS A total of 334 cancer survivors participated, and a subsample of 17 provided stool samples. Most survivors rated their diet as moderately healthy (55.7%) and reported engaging in low intensity exercise (53.9%) for ≤5 h/week (69.1%). Antibiotic use was associated with more belly pain, constipation, and diarrhea (P < .05). Survivors consuming a healthier diet had fewer symptoms of belly pain (P = .03), gas/bloating (P = .01), while higher protein consumption was associated with less belly pain (P = .03). Better diet health was positively correlated with Lachnospiraceae abundance, and negatively with Bacteroides abundance (P < .05). Greater exercise frequency positively correlated with abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Anaerostipes, Alistipes, and Subdoligranulum (P < .05). CONCLUSION Results provide evidence for associations between antibiotic use, probiotic use, dietary health behaviors, and GI symptoms. Diet and exercise behaviors are related to certain types of bacteria, but the direction of causality is unknown. Dietary-based interventions may be optimally suited to address survivors' GI symptoms by influencing the gut microbiota. Larger trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faye Chleilat
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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22
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de Castilhos J, Tillmanns K, Blessing J, Laraño A, Borisov V, Stein-Thoeringer CK. Microbiome and pancreatic cancer: time to think about chemotherapy. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2374596. [PMID: 39024520 PMCID: PMC11259062 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2374596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer characterized by late diagnosis, rapid progression, and a high mortality rate. Its complex biology, characterized by a dense, stromal tumor environment with an immunosuppressive milieu, contributes to resistance against standard treatments like chemotherapy and radiation. This comprehensive review explores the dynamic role of the microbiome in modulating chemotherapy efficacy and outcomes in PDAC. It delves into the microbiome's impact on drug metabolism and resistance, and the interaction between microbial elements, drugs, and human biology. We also highlight the significance of specific bacterial species and microbial enzymes in influencing drug action and the immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Cutting-edge methodologies, including artificial intelligence, low-biomass microbiome analysis and patient-derived organoid models, are discussed, offering insights into the nuanced interactions between microbes and cancer cells. The potential of microbiome-based interventions as adjuncts to conventional PDAC treatments are discussed, paving the way for personalized therapy approaches. This review synthesizes recent research to provide an in-depth understanding of how the microbiome affects chemotherapy efficacy. It focuses on elucidating key mechanisms and identifying existing knowledge gaps. Addressing these gaps is crucial for enhancing personalized medicine and refining cancer treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de Castilhos
- Translational Microbiome Research, Internal Medicine I and M3 Research Center, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections” (CMFI), University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Tillmanns
- Translational Microbiome Research, Internal Medicine I and M3 Research Center, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections” (CMFI), University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jana Blessing
- Translational Microbiome Research, Internal Medicine I and M3 Research Center, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections” (CMFI), University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arnelyn Laraño
- Translational Microbiome Research, Internal Medicine I and M3 Research Center, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections” (CMFI), University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vadim Borisov
- Translational Microbiome Research, Internal Medicine I and M3 Research Center, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections” (CMFI), University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph K. Stein-Thoeringer
- Translational Microbiome Research, Internal Medicine I and M3 Research Center, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections” (CMFI), University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Sharma A, Elligsen M, Daneman N, Lam PW. Patient predictors of pathogenic versus commensal Gram-positive bacilli organisms isolated from blood cultures. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2023; 3:e245. [PMID: 38156236 PMCID: PMC10753492 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2023.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective Gram-positive bacilli represent a diverse species of bacteria that range from commensal flora to pathogens implicated in severe and life-threatening infection. Following the isolation of Gram-positive bacilli from blood cultures, the time to species identification may take upward of 24 hours, leaving clinicians to conjecture whether they may represent a contaminant (inadvertent inoculation of commensal flora) or pathogenic organism. In this study, we sought to identify patient variables that could help predict the isolation of contaminant versus pathogenic Gram-positive bacilli from blood cultures. Design Retrospective cohort study. Settings One quaternary academic medical center affiliated with the University of Toronto. Patients Adult inpatients were admitted to hospital over a 5-year period (May 2014 to December 2019). Methods A total of 260 unique Gram-positive bacilli blood culture results from adult inpatients were reviewed and analyzed in both a univariable and multivariable model. Results Malignancy (aOR 2.78, 95% CI 1.33-5.91, p = 0.007), point increments in the Quick Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment score for sepsis (aOR 2.25, 95% CI 1.50-3.47, p < 0.001), peptic ulcer disease (aOR 5.63, 95% CI 1.43-21.0, p = 0.01), and the receipt of immunosuppression prior to a blood culture draw (aOR 3.80, 95% CI 1.86-8.01, p < 0.001) were associated with an increased likelihood of speciating pathogenic Gram-positive bacilli from blood cultures such as Clostridium species and Listeria monocytogenes. Conclusion Such predictors can help supplement a clinician's assessment on determining when empirical therapy is indicated when faced with Gram-positive bacilli from blood cultures and may direct future stewardship interventions for responsible antimicrobial prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marion Elligsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nick Daneman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip W. Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Kadarullah O, Tamtomo DG, Wasita B, Setiamika M. Animal Model of Cisplatin-Induced Oral Mucositis: Dose Optimization. Acta Med Acad 2023; 52:188-194. [PMID: 38407085 PMCID: PMC10945320 DOI: 10.5644/ama2006-124.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to develop and validate an animal model of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis due to cisplatin administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral mucositis was induced in Wistar rats by cisplatin. Twenty healthy male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a control group, and cisplatin 3 mg/kgBW (D1), cisplatin 5 mg/kgBW (D2), and cisplatin 6 mg/kgBW groups (D3). The D1, D2, and D3 groups received the cisplatin intraperitoneally on days 1, 3, and 5, whereas the control group did not receive anything. On day 7 and day 14 the entire experiment was terminated in all groups and the changes in body weight, oral mucositis grades, and histopathological scores were evaluated. RESULTS Cisplatin administration created a strong oral mucositis effect on groups D2 and D3. All the cisplatin doses decreased the rats' body weight by day 14. The worst oral mucositis grades and histopathological scores resulted from the administration of cisplatin at a dose of 5 mg/kgBW. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion the cisplatin 5 mg/kgBW administered on days 1, 3, and 5 by intraperitoneal administration was the optimum dose to induce oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oke Kadarullah
- Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia. ; ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5237-2063
| | - Didik Gunawan Tamtomo
- Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Brian Wasita
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Made Setiamika
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
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He S, Xia J, Jia H, Dai Q, Chen C, Zhou Y, Wang XB. Peficitinib ameliorates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal damage by inhibiting aging, inflammatory factors and oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110753. [PMID: 37572505 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a conventional and effective drug for colorectal cancer patients, and it is an important part of combined chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy intestinal mucositis (CIM) is a severe side effect caused by 5-FU that, induces cancer treatment failure and affects patients' quality of life. The mechanism of 5-FU-induced CIM is related to normal cell senescence induced by 5-FU. Peficitinib, a Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor, treats inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. However, the therapeutic role and underlying mechanism of peficitinib in CIM remain unclear. The main objective of our research was to investigate the effects of peficitinib on 5-FU-induced senescence and intestinal damage in human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells, human intestinal epithelial (HIEC) cells and BABL/C mice. The results showed that 5-FU caused intestinal damage by inducing aging and increasing inflammation and oxidative stress. Peficitinib alleviated aging by reducing senescence-beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and the protein levels of aging indicators (p53, p21, p16). Moreover, peficitinib reversed the changes in senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) expression caused by 5-FU. Besides, 5-FU induced release of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indicators was reversed by peficitinib. Additionally, the combination of peficitinib and 5-FU reinforced the anticancer curative intent of 5-FU in two colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116 cells and SW620 cells). In conclusion, peficitinib alleviates mucositis by alleviating aging, reducing inflammatory accumulation and oxidative stress and enhancing the antitumor activity of 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue He
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China; Key Laboratory of University Cell Biology Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China
| | - Jing Xia
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China; Key Laboratory of University Cell Biology Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China
| | - Huijie Jia
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China; Key Laboratory of University Cell Biology Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China
| | - Qianlong Dai
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China; Key Laboratory of University Cell Biology Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China
| | - Cui Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China; Qujing Medical College, Qujing, Yunnan Province 655011, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China.
| | - Xiao Bo Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China; Key Laboratory of University Cell Biology Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China.
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Wang Z, Zhou Y, Luo A, Heng X, Liu J, Wang H, Chu W. Lactobacillus salivarius CPU-01 Ameliorates Temozolomide-Induced Intestinal Mucositis by Modulating Gut Microbiota, Maintaining Intestinal Barrier, and Blocking Pro-inflammatory Cytokines. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1079-1091. [PMID: 35639268 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis is one of the major toxic side effects in the treatment of cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to screen lactic acid bacteria which could alleviate intestinal inflammation and damage induced by chemotherapeutic agents and explore the possible underlying mechanisms. Lactobacillus salivarius CPU-01 was selected from traditional Chinese fermented foods due to its protective effects on the toxicity of temozolomide in Caenorhabditis elegans. Eighteen ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups including control group, temozolomide-induced intestinal mucositis group, and temozolomide + L. salivarius CPU-01 group, and were used to investigate the effect of L. salivarius CPU-01 on chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis. It has been demonstrated that the administration of L. salivarius CPU-01 can prevent colon shortening and alleviate colon tissue damage caused by temozolomide-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. L. salivarius CPU-01 relieved the intestinal microbiota disorders caused by temozolomide and contributed to the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Clostridia UCG - 014_norank, and Akkermansia. In vivo experiments also indicated that L. salivarius CPU-01 can suppress the level of temozolomide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and mRNA expression in the small intestine tissues. It was also found that L. salivarius CPU-01 significantly increased the expressions of intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins, ZO-1, and Occludin proteins in mice treated with temozolomide. These findings suggest that L. salivarius CPU-01 can ameliorate temozolomide-induced intestinal mucositis by modulating gut microbiota, blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines, and repairing the intestinal barrier. These findings suggest probiotics may serve as a potential alternative therapeutic strategy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Aoxiang Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xing Heng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jinqiu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huafu Wang
- Lishui People's Hospital, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Weihua Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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27
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Huang L, Ye X, Wu F, Wang X, Qiu M. Study of prevalence and risk factors of chemotherapy-induced mucositis in gastrointestinal cancer using machine learning models. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1138992. [PMID: 37841443 PMCID: PMC10569816 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1138992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Chemotherapy-induced mucositis (CIM) significantly impacts clinical outcomes and diminishes the quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. This study aims to prospectively determine the incidence, severity, and underlying risk factors associated with CIM in this patient population. Methods To achieve this objective, we introduce a novel Machine Learning-based Toxicity Prediction Model (ML-TPM) designed to analyze the risk factors contributing to CIM development in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Within the winter season spanning from December 15th, 2018 to January 14th, 2019, we conducted in-person interviews with patients undergoing chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer. These interviews encompassed comprehensive questionnaires pertaining to patient demographics, CIM incidence, severity, and any supplementary prophylactic measures employed. Results The study encompassed a cohort of 447 participating patients who provided complete questionnaire responses (100%). Of these, 328 patients (73.4%) reported experiencing CIM during the course of their treatment. Notably, CIM-induced complications led to treatment discontinuation in 14 patients (3%). The most frequently encountered CIM symptoms were diarrhea (41.6%), followed by nausea (37.8%), vomiting (25.1%), abdominal pain (21%), gastritis (10.5%), and oral pain (10.3%). Supplementary prophylaxis was administered to approximately 62% of the patients. The analysis revealed significant correlations between the overall incidence of CIM and gender (p=0.015), number of chemotherapy cycles exceeding one (p=0.039), utilization of platinum-based regimens (p=0.039), and administration of irinotecan (p=0.003). Specifically, the incidence of diarrhea exhibited positive correlations with prior surgical history (p=0.037), irinotecan treatment (p=0.021), and probiotics usage (p=0.035). Conversely, diarrhea incidence demonstrated an adverse correlation with platinum-based treatment (p=0.026). Conclusion In conclusion, this study demonstrates the successful implementation of the ML-TPM model for automating toxicity prediction with accuracy comparable to conventional physical analyses. Our findings provide valuable insights into the identification of CIM risk factors among gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Furthermore, the results underscore the potential of machine learning in enhancing our understanding of chemotherapy-induced mucositis and advancing personalized patient care strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianhui Ye
- Division of Medical Oncology, Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengqing Wu
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuyun Wang
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Munem F, Thianhlun PCK, Anderson PH, Stringer AM. Vitamin D is a potential treatment for the management of gastrointestinal mucositis. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2023; 17:247-252. [PMID: 37276064 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Gastrointestinal mucositis (GM) is a severe side effect of cancer treatments, negatively impacting the patient's quality of life, and has limited treatment. GM consists of complex biological processes involving apoptosis and inflammation, leading to damage and ulceration of the gastrointestinal system. Recently, vitamin D has been shown to have multiple roles in the gut, including immunomodulation, epithelial barrier regulation and microbiome regulation. Hence, this review aims to put forth vitamin D as a potential therapeutic due to its protective role in the intestine. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shown that vitamin D can reduce intestinal inflammation by reducing NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) activation. Vitamin D also targets and maintains the intestinal epithelial barrier via the tight junction protein expression and the inhibition of microbiome translocation. Significant evidence also suggests that vitamin D exerts multiple therapeutic effects through binding to vitamin D receptors (VDRs), and the downregulation of VDR has been associated with the severity of the disease. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency is reported in cancer patients. SUMMARY There is a dire need for effective treatment for GM, and recent animal and human studies show that vitamin D may be a potential therapy to prevent or treat GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fizza Munem
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Mohammed AI, Celentano A, Paolini R, Low JT, Silke J, O' Reilly LA, McCullough M, Cirillo N. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid drastically reduces chemotherapy-induced mucositis and apoptotic cell death. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:453. [PMID: 37479691 PMCID: PMC10362044 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Oral and intestinal mucositis (OIM) are debilitating inflammatory diseases initiated by oxidative stress, resulting in epithelial cell death and are frequently observed in cancer patients undergoing chemo-radiotherapy. There are currently few preventative strategies for this debilitating condition. Therefore, the development of a safe and effective mucositis mitigating strategy is an unmet medical need. Hyaluronic acid (HA) preparations have been tentatively used in oral mucositis. However, the protective effects of HA in chemotherapy-induced mucositis and their underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to assess these mechanisms using multiple formulations of enriched HA (Mucosamin®), cross-linked (xl-), and non-crosslinked high molecular weight HA (H-MW-HA) in an oxidative stress-induced model of human oral mucosal injury in vitro and an in vivo murine model of 5-flurouracil (5-FU)-induced oral/intestinal mucositis. All tested HA formulations protected against oxidative stress-induced damage in vitro without inducing cytotoxicity, with H-MW-HA also significantly reducing ROS production. Daily supplementation with H-MW-HA in vivo drastically reduced the severity of 5-FU-induced OIM, prevented apoptotic damage and reduced COX-2 enzyme activity in both the oral and intestinal epithelium. In 5-FU-injected mice, HA supplementation also significantly reduced serum levels of IL-6 and the chemokine CXCL1/KC, while the serum antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase was elevated. Our data suggest that H-MW-HA attenuates 5-FU-induced OIM, at least partly, by impeding apoptosis, inhibiting of oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory cytokines. This study supports the development of H-MW-HA preparations for preventing OIM in patients receiving chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali I Mohammed
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, 3053, Carlton, VIC, Australia.
- College of Dentistry, The University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq.
| | - Antonio Celentano
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, 3053, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rita Paolini
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, 3053, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jun T Low
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Lorraine A O' Reilly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Michael McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, 3053, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, 3053, Carlton, VIC, Australia.
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Tavares LM, de Jesus LCL, Batista VL, Barroso FAL, Dos Santos Freitas A, Campos GM, Américo MF, da Silva TF, Coelho-Rocha ND, Belo GA, Drumond MM, Mancha-Agresti P, Vital KD, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN, Birbrair A, Ferreira E, Martins FS, Laguna JG, Azevedo V. Synergistic synbiotic containing fructooligosaccharides and Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 alleviates chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:235. [PMID: 37365380 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a commonly reported side effect in oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have been investigated as alternative therapeutic approaches against intestinal mucositis due to their well-known anti-inflammatory properties and health benefits to the host. Previous studies showed that the potential probiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 and the prebiotic Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) alleviated the 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucosa damage. Based on these previous beneficial effects, this work evaluated the anti-inflammatory property of the synbiotic formulation containing L. delbrueckii CIDCA 133 and FOS in mice intestinal mucosa inflammation induced by 5-FU. This work showed that the synbiotic formulation was able to modulate inflammatory parameters, including reduction of cellular inflammatory infiltration, gene expression downregulation of Tlr2, Nfkb1, and Tnf, and upregulation of the immunoregulatory Il10 cytokine, thus protecting the intestinal mucosa from epithelial damage caused by the 5-FU. The synbiotic also improved the epithelial barrier function by upregulating mRNA transcript levels of the short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-associated GPR43 receptor and the occludin tight junction protein, with the subsequent reduction of paracellular intestinal permeability. The data obtained showed that this synbiotic formulation could be a promising adjuvant treatment to be explored against inflammatory damage caused by 5-FU chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laísa Macedo Tavares
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Viviane Lima Batista
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Andria Dos Santos Freitas
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Munis Campos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Monique Ferrary Américo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nina Dias Coelho-Rocha
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Angeli Belo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana Martins Drumond
- Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Department of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Materials Engineering Post- Graduation Program, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Department of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Materials Engineering Post- Graduation Program, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kátia Duarte Vital
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Guimarães Laguna
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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da Silva KS, Abboud KY, Schiebel CS, de Oliveira NMT, Bueno LR, de Mello Braga LLV, da Silveira BC, Santos IWFD, Gomes EDS, Gois MB, Cordeiro LMC, Maria Ferreira D. Polysaccharides from Passion Fruit Peels: From an Agroindustrial By-Product to a Viable Option for 5-FU-Induced Intestinal Damage. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:912. [PMID: 37513823 PMCID: PMC10383750 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal mucositis is a serious and dose-limiting toxic side effect of oncologic treatment. Interruption of cancer treatment due to gastrointestinal mucositis leads to a significant decrease in cure rates and consequently to the deterioration of a patient's quality of life. Natural polysaccharides show a variety of beneficial effects, including a gastroprotective effect. Treatment with soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) biomass residues protected the gastric and intestinal mucosa in models of gastrointestinal injury. In this study, we investigated the protective therapeutic effect of SDF on 5-FU-induced mucositis in male and female mice. Oral treatment of the animals with SDF did not prevent weight loss but reduced the disease activity index and preserved normal intestinal function by alleviating diarrhea and altered gastrointestinal transit. SDF preserved the length of the colon and histological damage caused by 5-FU. SDF significantly restored the oxidative stress and inflammation in the intestine and the enlargement and swelling of the spleen induced by 5-FU. In conclusion, SDF may be a promising adjuvant strategy for the prevention and treatment of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karien Sauruk da Silva
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Kahlile Youssef Abboud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Carolina Silva Schiebel
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Natalia Mulinari Turin de Oliveira
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Laryssa Regis Bueno
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Lara Luisa Valerio de Mello Braga
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Bruna Carla da Silveira
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Isabella Wzorek França Dos Santos
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Everton Dos Santos Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis 78736-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Biondaro Gois
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis 78736-900, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Maria Ferreira
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
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Sprooten J, Laureano RS, Vanmeerbeek I, Govaerts J, Naulaerts S, Borras DM, Kinget L, Fucíková J, Špíšek R, Jelínková LP, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Krysko DV, Coosemans A, Vaes RD, De Ruysscher D, De Vleeschouwer S, Wauters E, Smits E, Tejpar S, Beuselinck B, Hatse S, Wildiers H, Clement PM, Vandenabeele P, Zitvogel L, Garg AD. Trial watch: chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death in oncology. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2219591. [PMID: 37284695 PMCID: PMC10240992 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2219591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) refers to an immunologically distinct process of regulated cell death that activates, rather than suppresses, innate and adaptive immune responses. Such responses culminate into T cell-driven immunity against antigens derived from dying cancer cells. The potency of ICD is dependent on the immunogenicity of dying cells as defined by the antigenicity of these cells and their ability to expose immunostimulatory molecules like damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cytokines like type I interferons (IFNs). Moreover, it is crucial that the host's immune system can adequately detect the antigenicity and adjuvanticity of these dying cells. Over the years, several well-known chemotherapies have been validated as potent ICD inducers, including (but not limited to) anthracyclines, paclitaxels, and oxaliplatin. Such ICD-inducing chemotherapeutic drugs can serve as important combinatorial partners for anti-cancer immunotherapies against highly immuno-resistant tumors. In this Trial Watch, we describe current trends in the preclinical and clinical integration of ICD-inducing chemotherapy in the existing immuno-oncological paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raquel S. Laureano
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isaure Vanmeerbeek
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jannes Govaerts
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel M. Borras
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Kinget
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jitka Fucíková
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Špíšek
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Palová Jelínková
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Liguecontre le Cancer, Université de Paris, sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Liguecontre le Cancer, Université de Paris, sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Dmitri V. Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Insitute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Coosemans
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rianne D.W. Vaes
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven De Vleeschouwer
- Department Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department Neuroscience, Laboratory for Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Wauters
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (Breathe), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholiek Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, VIB-Ugent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benoit Beuselinck
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul M. Clement
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, VIB-Ugent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Tumour Immunology and Immunotherapy of Cancer, European Academy of Tumor Immunology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Abhishek D. Garg
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Dahlgren D, Lennernäs H. Review on the effect of chemotherapy on the intestinal barrier: Epithelial permeability, mucus and bacterial translocation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114644. [PMID: 37018992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy kills fast-growing cells including gut stem cells. This affects all components of the physical and functional intestinal barrier, i.e., the mucus layer, epithelium, and immune system. This results in an altered intestinal permeability of toxic compounds (e.g., endotoxins) as well as luminal bacterial translocation into the mucosa and central circulation. However, there is uncertainty regarding the relative contributions of the different barrier components for the development of chemotherapy-induced gut toxicity. This review present an overview of the intestinal mucosal barrier determined with various types of molecular probes and methods, and how they are affected by chemotherapy based on reported rodent and human data. We conclude that there is overwhelming evidence that chemotherapy increases bacterial translocation, and that it affects the mucosal barrier by rendering the mucosa more permeable to large permeability probes. Chemotherapy also seems to impede the intestinal mucus barrier, even though this has been less clearly evaluated from a functional standpoint but certainly plays a role in bacteria translocation. Combined, it is however difficult to outline a clear temporal or succession between the different gastrointestinal events and barrier functions, especially as chemotherapy-induced neutropenia is also involved in intestinal immunological homeostasis and bacterial translocation. A thorough characterization of this would need to include a time dependent development of neutropenia, intestinal permeability, and bacterial translocation, ideally after a range of chemotherapeutics and dosing regimens.
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Luisa Valerio de Mello Braga L, Simão G, Silva Schiebel C, Caroline Dos Santos Maia A, Mulinari Turin de Oliveira N, Barbosa da Luz B, Rita Corso C, Soares Fernandes E, Maria Ferreira D. Rodent models for anticancer toxicity studies: contributions to drug development and future perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2023:103626. [PMID: 37224998 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Antineoplastic treatment induces a type of gastrointestinal toxicity known as mucositis. Findings in animal models are usually easily reproducible, and standardized treatment regimens are often used, thus supporting translational science. Essential characteristics of mucositis, including intestinal permeability, inflammation, immune and oxidative responses, and tissue repair mechanisms, can be easily investigated in these models. Given the effects of mucositis on the quality of life of patients with cancer, and the importance of experimental models in the development of more effective new therapeutic alternatives, this review discusses progress and current challenges in using experimental models of mucositis in translational pharmacology research. Teaser Experimental models for studying gastrointestinal mucositis have provided a wealth of information improving the understanding of antineoplastic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Luisa Valerio de Mello Braga
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gisele Simão
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Silva Schiebel
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Andressa Caroline Dos Santos Maia
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Natalia Mulinari Turin de Oliveira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Barbosa da Luz
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Claudia Rita Corso
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Soares Fernandes
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maria Ferreira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Park JY, Park JY, Jeong YG, Park JH, Park YH, Kim SH, Khang D. Pancreatic Tumor-Targeting Stemsome Therapeutics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300934. [PMID: 37114740 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the intrinsic ability of stem cells to target the tumor environment, stem-cell-membrane-functionalized nanocarriers can target and load active anticancer drugs. In this work, a strategy that focuses on stem cells that self-target pancreatic cancer cells is developed. In particular, malignant deep tumors such as pancreatic cancer cells, one of the intractable tumors that currently have no successful clinical strategy, are available for targeting and destruction. By gaining the targeting ability of stem cells against pancreatic tumor cells, stem cell membranes can encapsulate nano-polylactide-co-glycolide loaded with doxorubicin to target and reduce deep pancreatic tumor tissues. Considering the lack of known target proteins on pancreatic tumor cells, the suggested platform technology can be utilized for targeting any malignant tumors in which surface target receptors are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Park
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Jun Young Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Yong-Gyu Jeong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hwan Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Yeon Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
- Ectosome Inc., Incheon, 21999, South Korea
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Kullenberg F, Peters K, Sjöblom M, Heindryckx F, Dahlgren D, Lennernäs H. Anakinra and dexamethasone treatment of idarubicin-induced mucositis and diarrhoea in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 132:511-520. [PMID: 36878867 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced mucositis, characterized by diarrhoea and villous atrophy, is a severe side effect contributing to reduced quality of life and premature death in cancer patients treated with cytostatics. Despite its high incidence, there is no effective supportive therapy available. The main objective of this study was to determine if the anti-inflammatory drugs anakinra and/or dexamethasone-which have different mechanisms-of-action-might be used to effectively treat idarubicin-induced mucositis in rats. Mucositis was induced through a single injection with 2 mg/kg idarubicin (with saline as control), followed by daily treatments of anakinra (100 mg/kg/day), dexamethasone (10 mg/kg/day) or both for 3 days. After 72 h, jejunal tissue was collected for morphological, apoptotic and proliferative analyses, and colonic faecal water content and body weight change were determined. The diarrhoea that was induced by idarubicin (from 63.5% to 78.6% water content in faeces) was completely reversed by anakinra alone, and the jejunal villus height reduction by 36% was prevented by a combination of anakinra and dexamethasone. Dexamethasone reduced apoptosis in the jejunal crypts, both alone and in combination with anakinra. These positive effects encouraged further investigations into the use of anakinra and dexamethasone as supportive therapies for chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis and diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Kullenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karsten Peters
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus Sjöblom
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Femke Heindryckx
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Dahlgren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Jakubauskas M, Jakubauskiene L, Leber B, Horvath A, Strupas K, Stiegler P, Schemmer P. Probiotic Supplementation Attenuates Chemotherapy-Induced Intestinal Mucositis in an Experimental Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis Rat Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051117. [PMID: 36904117 PMCID: PMC10005486 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of chemotherapeutic agents is of paramount importance when treating colorectal cancer (CRC). Unfortunately, one of the most frequent chemotherapy (CTx) side effects is intestinal mucositis (IM), which may present with several clinical symptoms such as nausea, bloating, vomiting, pain, and diarrhea and even can result in life-threatening complications. There is a focused scientific effort towards developing new therapies to prevent and treat IM. The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of probiotic supplementation on CTx-induced IM in a CRC liver metastasis rat model. Six-week-old male Wistar rats received either a multispecies probiotic or placebo mixture. On the 28th experiment day, rats received FOLFOX CTx, and afterwards, the severity of diarrhea was evaluated twice daily. Stool samples were collected for further microbiome analysis. Additionally, immunohistochemical stainings of ileum and colon samples with were performed with MPO, Ki67, and Caspase-3 antibodies. Probiotic supplementation alleviates the severity and length of CTx-induced diarrhea. Additionally, probiotics significantly reduced FOLFOX-induced weight and blood albumin loss. Furthermore, probiotic supplementation mitigated CTx-induced histological changes in the gut and promoted intestinal cell regeneration. This study shows that multispecies probiotic supplementation attenuates FOLFOX-induced IM symptoms by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting intestinal cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matas Jakubauskas
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lina Jakubauskiene
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Bettina Leber
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Angela Horvath
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Kestutis Strupas
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Philipp Stiegler
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-84094
| | - Peter Schemmer
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Jiang Z, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Sha G, Wang D, Tang D. Intratumoral microbiota: A new force in diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 554:216031. [PMID: 36481214 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an increasingly growing source of cancer-related deaths and is often diagnosed at advanced stages. Its treatment is difficult because of the poor results of conventional treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Microbiota and their products can regulate the microenvironment of pancreatic tumors, the biological behavior of pancreatic cancer cells, and the functionality of the immune system. Promising results have been achieved in treating pancreatic cancer by regulating microbiota. However, intratumoral microbiota is still in its infancy as a new field of discovery for pancreatic cancer. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which intratumoral microbiota causes pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis and demonstrates their significant potential in diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer. Additionally, we present an outlook on the future of intratumoral microbiota in treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengting Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China.
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China.
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China.
| | - Gengyu Sha
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China.
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
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Coelho-Rocha ND, de Jesus LCL, Barroso FAL, da Silva TF, Ferreira E, Gonçalves JE, Dos Santos Martins F, de Oliveira Carvalho RD, Barh D, Azevedo VADC. Evaluation of Probiotic Properties of Novel Brazilian Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:160-174. [PMID: 36028786 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09978-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains have been widely reported. Knowing that the effects of probiotic bacteria are strain-dependent, this study aimed to characterize the probiotic properties and investigate the gastrointestinal protective effects of nine novel L. plantarum strains isolated from Bahia, Brazil. The probiotic functionality was first evaluated in vitro by characterizing bile salt and acidic tolerance, antibacterial activity, and adhesion to Caco-2 cells. Antibiotic resistance profile, mucin degradation, and hemolytic activity assays were also performed to evaluate safety features. In vivo analyses were conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the strains on a mouse model of 5-Fluorouracil-induced mucositis. Our results suggest that the used L. plantarum strains have good tolerance to bile salts and low pH and can inhibit commonly gastrointestinal pathogens. Lp2 and Lpl1 strains also exhibited high adhesion rates to Caco-2 cells (13.64 and 9.05%, respectively). Phenotypical resistance to aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and tetracycline was observed for most strains. No strain showed hemolytic or mucolytic activity. Seven strains had a protective effect against histopathological and inflammatory damage induced by 5-FU. Gene expression analysis of inflammatory markers showed that five strains upregulated interleukin 10 (Il10), while four downregulated both interleukin 6 (Il6) and interleukin 1b (Il1b). Additionally, all strains reduced eosinophilic and neutrophilic infiltration; however, they could not prevent weight loss or reduced liquid/ food intake. Altogether, our study suggests these Brazilian L. plantarum strains present good probiotic characteristics and safety levels for future applications and can be therapeutically adjuvant alternatives to prevent/treat intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dias Coelho-Rocha
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alvarenga Lima Barroso
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Gonçalves
- Department of Pharmaceutic Products, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Dos Santos Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Dias de Oliveira Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-909, Brazil
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), West Bengal, Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, 721172, India
| | - Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Omori M, Kato-Kogoe N, Sakaguchi S, Komori E, Inoue K, Yamamoto K, Hamada W, Hayase T, Tano T, Nakamura S, Nakano T, Une H, Ueno T. Characterization of Oral Microbiota Following Chemotherapy in Patients With Hematopoietic Malignancies. Integr Cancer Ther 2023; 22:15347354231159309. [PMID: 36922730 PMCID: PMC10021090 DOI: 10.1177/15347354231159309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral microbiota may be associated with serious local or systemic medical conditions resulting from chemotherapy. This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in the oral microbiota following the initiation of chemotherapy in patients with hematopoietic malignancies and to identify the characteristics of the oral microbiota associated with oral mucositis. Oral samples were collected from 57 patients with hematopoietic malignancies at 2 time points: before the start of chemotherapy and 8 to 20 days after the start of chemotherapy, when chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis often occurs, and 16S rRNA metagenomic analyses were performed. Comparative and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analyses were used to determine the characteristic bacterial groups before and after the initiation of chemotherapy and in those who developed oral mucositis. The alpha and beta diversities of oral microbiota before and after the initiation of chemotherapy differed significantly (operational taxonomic unit index, P < .001; Shannon's index, P < .001; unweighted UniFrac distances, P = .001; and weighted UniFrac distances, P = .001). The LEfSe analysis revealed a group of bacteria whose abundance differed significantly before and after the initiation of chemotherapy. In the group of patients who developed oral mucositis, a characteristic group of bacteria was identified before the start of chemotherapy. In conclusion, we characterized the oral microbiota associated with the initiation of chemotherapy in patients with hematopoietic malignancies. In addition, our findings suggest that oral microbiota composition before the start of chemotherapy may be associated with oral mucositis. The results of this study emphasize the importance of oral management focusing on the oral microbiota during chemotherapy in patients with hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michi Omori
- Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | | | | | - Eri Komori
- Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Kazuya Inoue
- Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Kayoko Yamamoto
- Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Wataru Hamada
- Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Hayase
- Chugoku Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tano
- Chugoku Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Fukuyama, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Nakano
- Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Hidenori Une
- Chugoku Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ueno
- Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
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41
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Américo MF, Freitas ADS, da Silva TF, de Jesus LCL, Barroso FAL, Campos GM, Santos RCV, Gomes GC, Assis R, Ferreira Ê, Mancha-Agresti P, Laguna JG, Chatel JM, Carvalho RDDO, Azevedo V. Growth differentiation factor 11 delivered by dairy Lactococcus lactis strains modulates inflammation and prevents mucosal damage in a mice model of intestinal mucositis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1157544. [PMID: 37138633 PMCID: PMC10149842 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1157544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucositis is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa that debilitate the quality of life of patients undergoing chemotherapy treatments. In this context, antineoplastic drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil, provokes ulcerations in the intestinal mucosa that lead to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by activating the NF-κB pathway. Alternative approaches to treat the disease using probiotic strains show promising results, and thereafter, treatments that target the site of inflammation could be further explored. Recently, studies reported that the protein GDF11 has an anti-inflammatory role in several diseases, including in vitro and in vivo results in different experimental models. Hence, this study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of GDF11 delivered by Lactococcus lactis strains NCDO2118 and MG1363 in a murine model of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU. Our results showed that mice treated with the recombinant lactococci strains presented improved histopathological scores of intestinal damage and a reduction of goblet cell degeneration in the mucosa. It was also observed a significant reduction of neutrophil infiltration in the tissue in comparison to positive control group. Moreover, we observed immunomodulation of inflammatory markers Nfkb1, Nlrp3, Tnf, and upregulation of Il10 in mRNA expression levels in groups treated with recombinant strains that help to partially explain the ameliorative effect in the mucosa. Therefore, the results found in this study suggest that the use of recombinant L. lactis (pExu:gdf11) could offer a potential gene therapy for intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Ferrary Américo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andria dos Santos Freitas
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- INRAE, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alvarenga Lima Barroso
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Munis Campos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rhayane Cristina Viegas Santos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Camargos Gomes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Assis
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ênio Ferreira
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Guimarães Laguna
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, MICALIS, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Rodrigo Dias de Oliveira Carvalho
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Vasco Azevedo,
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Tian M, Fan D, Liu Z, Mu X, Tao Q, Yu C, Zhang S. Oral Supramolecular Adsorbent for Preventing Chemo-Induced Gastrointestinal Mucositis and Microbial Dysbiosis and for Enhancing Chemoimmunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205299. [PMID: 36189825 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The addition of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) to cytotoxic chemotherapy has emerged as the first-line treatment for multiple cancers. Paradoxically, cytotoxic chemotherapy may limit the therapeutic potential of ICB by significantly impairing the largest immune organ, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and driving gut microbial dysbiosis. Here, an orally administered polymeric adsorbent containing a supramolecular motif (named SPORA-SN9) is reported, which can selectively remove chemotherapeutics from the GI tract, thereby preventing chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis and microbial dysbiosis and providing better chemoimmunotherapy synergy. By theoretical design and experimental screening of the molecular recognition motifs, SPORA-SN9 exhibits superior complexation capacity for doxorubicin and irinotecan and high selectivity over a range of commonly used combinational medications. In mouse models of chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis, SPORA-SN9 protects the integrity of the GI tissues and the homeostasis of the gut microbiota. Finally, the addition of SPORA-SN9 enhances the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy in tumor-bearing mice. SPORA-SN9 offers a translational approach for supramolecular chemistry to modulate complex biosystems by selectively removing target substrates from the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Tian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dongyue Fan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xin Mu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qianqian Tao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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43
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Dahlgren D, Rosenqvist E, Hellström PM, Nygren P, Kullenberg F, Peters K, Sjöblom M, Lennernäs H. Evaluation and validation of chemotherapy-specific diarrhoea and histopathology in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 131:536-546. [PMID: 36124882 PMCID: PMC9828157 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced mucositis is characterized by diarrhoea and villous atrophy. However, it is not well-understood why diarrhoea arises, why it only occurs with some chemotherapeutics and how it is related to villus atrophy. The objectives in this study were to determine (i) the relationship between chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea and villus atrophy and to (ii) establish and validate a rat diarrhoea model with clinically relevant endpoints. Male Wistar Han IGS rats were treated with saline, doxorubicin, idarubicin, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan or 5-fluorouracil+irinotecan. After 72 h, jejunal tissue was taken for morphological, apoptotic and proliferative analyses, and faecal water content and change in body weight were determined. All treatments except methotrexate caused a similar reduction (≈42%) in villus height, but none of them altered mucosal crypt cell proliferation or apoptosis. Doxorubicin, idarubicin, irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil+irinotecan caused body weight reduction, but only irinotecan and idarubicin caused diarrhoea. No direct correlation between diarrhoea and villus height or body weight loss was observed. Therefore, studies of the mechanisms for chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea should focus on functional factors. Finally, the irinotecan and idarubicin diarrhoea models established in this study will be useful in developing supportive treatments of this common and serious adverse effect in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dahlgren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Translational Drug Discovery and DevelopmentUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Evelina Rosenqvist
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Translational Drug Discovery and DevelopmentUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Per M. Hellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology/HepatologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Peter Nygren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical OncologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Fredrik Kullenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Translational Drug Discovery and DevelopmentUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Karsten Peters
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Translational Drug Discovery and DevelopmentUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Department of Medical Cell Biology, Gastrointestinal PhysiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Markus Sjöblom
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Gastrointestinal PhysiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Translational Drug Discovery and DevelopmentUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Dahlgren D, Nylander O, Sjöblom M. Hypotonicity-Induced Increase in Duodenal Mucosal Permeability Is Regulated by Cholinergic Receptors in Rats. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 68:1815-1823. [PMID: 36436156 PMCID: PMC10133373 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of cholinergic receptors in the regulation of duodenal mucosal permeability in vivo is currently not fully described. AIMS To elucidate the impact of nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling in response to luminal hypotonicity (50 mM NaCl) in the proximal small intestine of rat. METHODS The effect on duodenal blood-to-lumen clearance of 51Cr-EDTA (i.e., mucosal permeability) and motility was studied in the absence and presence of nicotinic and muscarinic receptor agonists and antagonists, a sodium channel blocker (tetrodotoxin), and after bilateral cervical vagotomy. RESULTS Rats with duodenal contractions responded to luminal hypotonicity by substantial increase in intestinal permeability. This response was absent in animals given a non-selective nicotinic receptor antagonist (mecamylamine) or agonist (epibatidine). Pretreatment with tetrodotoxin reduced the increase in mucosal permeability in response to luminal hypotonicity. Further, the non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist (atropine) and agonist (bethanechol) reduced the hypotonicity-induced increase in mucosal permeability, while vagotomy was without an effect, suggesting that local enteric reflexes dominate. Finally, neither stimulating nor blocking the α7-nicotinic receptor had any significant effects on duodenal permeability in response to luminal hypotonicity, suggesting that this receptor is not involved in regulation of duodenal permeability. The effect of the different drugs on mucosal permeability was similar to the effect observed for duodenal motility. CONCLUSIONS A complex enteric intramural excitatory neural reflex involving both nicotinic and muscarinic receptor subtypes mediates an increase in mucosal permeability induced by luminal hypotonicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dahlgren
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Olof Nylander
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus Sjöblom
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
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Marathe A, M. Rao G, Rai S. Microbiota milieu and mechanisms of intestinal Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) involved in chemotherapy induced mucositis. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2022. [DOI: 10.51248/.v42i5.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut is not only of digestive but also of immunological importance because of the residing microbiota milieu. Pathological or certain therapeutic condition may modify the normal commensal microflora. Mucositis, the most common untoward effect of chemotherapy, can also lead to this microbiotic imbalance. This shift leads to various molecular cascades which in turn trigger the action of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR’s). Toll like receptor (TLR) is one such pattern recognition receptor. In the human body there are about 13 types of TLRs out of which TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-5 and TLR-9 are intestinal specific. They respond through ligands such as bacterial derivatives like flagellin, Lipoteichoic acid, Lipopolysaccharides, microbial antigen or genetic material of the viru. In turn via adaptor molecules, TLRs alter the signalling mechanisms and further induct the activation of pro or anti-inflammatory cytokines based on the immunological need. Several of the studies have described the involvement of under twined mechanisms of TLRs during chemotherapy. Therefore, agonists and/or antagonists of these strategic molecules may play a key role in pathological and therapeutic aspects. Thus, this review is an attempt to focus on the involvement of TLRs and microbiota to different chemotherapeutic agents and thereby track the available mechanisms of functionality.
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Podyacheva E, Semenova N, Zinserling V, Mukhametdinova D, Goncharova I, Zelinskaya I, Sviridov E, Martynov M, Osipova S, Toropova Y. Intravenous Nicotinamide Riboside Administration Has a Cardioprotective Effect in Chronic Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13096. [PMID: 36361882 PMCID: PMC9653852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin, which is widely used to treat a broad spectrum of malignancies, has pronounced dose-dependent side effects leading to chronic heart failure development. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is one of the promising candidates for leveling the cardiotoxic effect. In the present work, we performed a comparative study of the cardioprotective and therapeutic actions of various intravenous NR administration modes in chronic doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in Wistar rats. The study used 60 mature male SPF Wistar rats. The animals were randomized into four groups (a control group and three experimental groups) which determined the doxorubicin (intraperitoneally) and NR (intravenous) doses as well as the specific modes of NR administration (combined, preventive). We demonstrated the protective effect of NR on the cardiovascular system both with combined and preventive intravenous drug administration, which was reflected in a fibrous tissue formation decrease, reduced fractional-shortening decrease, and better antioxidant system performance. At the same time, it is important to note that the preventive administration of NR had a more significant protective effect on the animal organism as a whole. This was confirmed by better physical activity parameters and vascular bed conditions. Thus, the data obtained during the study can be used for further investigation into chronic doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy prevention and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Podyacheva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Semenova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vsevolod Zinserling
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Mukhametdinova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Goncharova
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 194021 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Zelinskaya
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Eric Sviridov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michael Martynov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Osipova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yana Toropova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Reitz LK, Schroeder J, Raick M, de Fragas Hinnig P, Vieira FGK, De Assis MAA, Da Silva EL, Di Pietro G, Di Pietro PF. Diet Quality Influences the Occurrence of Food Aversions in Women Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13915. [PMID: 36360799 PMCID: PMC9658364 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Food aversions in women undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer may be linked to oxidative stress and gastrointestinal consequences underlying it, and diet possibly plays a role in this association. This follow-up study included 73 women with breast cancer treated in Florianopolis City, Brazil. Dietary antioxidant capacity-DaC (mmol/d), diet quality-Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R score), and oxidative stress biomarkers were accessed before the treatment, and women were asked if they developed food aversions during adjuvant chemotherapy. Red meat was the main aversion-causing food reported (37.9%, n = 9). There was no difference in DaC, BHEI-R score, or oxidative stress biomarkers between women with no food aversion occurrence and those showing food aversions. A logistic regression adjusted model showed that women exhibiting higher BHEI-R scores were 1.08 times more likely to not develop food aversions during adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.041). In summary, this innovative investigation showed that diet quality before adjuvant chemotherapy may influence the non-occurrence of food aversion. Considering this, the result opens new areas for early nutritional interventions, focusing on reducing the occurrence of food aversions and consequently benefiting women with breast cancer by having better outcomes in oncologic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Kuhnen Reitz
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Schroeder
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, Brazil
| | - Marina Raick
- Graduation Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, Brazil
| | - Patricia de Fragas Hinnig
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edson Luiz Da Silva
- Clinical Analysis Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, Brazil
| | - Giuliano Di Pietro
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49100000, Brazil
| | - Patricia Faria Di Pietro
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, Brazil
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Li C, Xie J, Wang J, Cao Y, Pu M, Gong Q, Lu Q. Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of plant-derived natural compounds against intestinal mucositis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:969550. [PMID: 36210837 PMCID: PMC9533105 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.969550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a clinically related adverse reaction of antitumor treatment. Majority of patients receiving high-dose chemical therapy, radiotherapy, and bone-marrow transplant suffer from intestinal mucositis. Clinical manifestations of intestinal mucositis mainly include pain, body-weight reduction, inflammatory symptom, diarrhea, hemoproctia, and infection, which all affect regular nutritional input and enteric function. Intestinal mucositis often influences adherence to antitumor treatment because it frequently restricts the sufferer’s capacity to tolerate treatment, thus resulting in schedule delay, interruption, or premature suspension. In certain circumstances, partial and general secondary infections are found, increasing the expenditures on medical care and hospitalization. Current methods of treating intestinal mucositis are provided, which do not always counteract this disorder. Against this background, novel therapeutical measures are extremely required to prevent and treat intestinal mucositis. Plant-derived natural compounds have lately become potential candidates against enteric injury ascribed to the capacity to facilitate mucosal healing and anti-inflammatory effects. These roles are associated with the improvement of intestinal mucosal barrier, suppression of inflammatory response and oxidant stress, and modulation of gut microflora and immune system. The present article aims at systematically discussing the recent progress of plant-derived natural compounds as promising treatments for intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
| | - Min Pu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Qihai Gong, ; Qiang Lu,
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Qihai Gong, ; Qiang Lu,
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Bullard BM, McDonald SJ, Cardaci TD, VanderVeen BN, Murphy EA. Nonpharmacological approaches for improving gut resilience to chemotherapy. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2022; 16:151-160. [PMID: 35862879 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mucositis of the gastrointestinal tract is a debilitating side effect of chemotherapy that negatively influences treatment tolerance and patient life quality. This review will evaluate the recent literature on nonpharmacological strategies that have the potential to improve chemotherapy-induced mucositis (CIM). RECENT FINDINGS Alternatives to pharmacological approaches have shown great promise in preventing CIM. Natural products, including curcumin, ginseng, quercetin, and patchouli all show potential in mitigating CIM. In addition, dietary patterns, such as the elemental diet, high fiber diet, and diets high in amino acids have documented benefits in preventing CIM. Perhaps the greatest advancement coming to this arena in recent years is in the field of probiotics. Indeed, research on single species as well as probiotic mixtures show potential in reducing CIM insofar as probiotics are now being suggested for treatment of CIM by governing bodies. Although behavioral interventions including psychological interventions and exercise interventions have shown promise in reducing cancer therapy-related side effects, more work in this domain is warranted and particularly in the context of CIM. SUMMARY Alternatives to pharmacological approaches show great potential for use in prevention and treatment of CIM and should be further developed for use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M Bullard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics of Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 Mitigate 5-FU-Induced Intestinal Inflammation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071418. [PMID: 35889136 PMCID: PMC9324481 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a commonly reported side effect in oncology practice. Probiotics are considered an excellent alternative therapeutic approach to this debilitating condition; however, there are safety questions regarding the viable consumption of probiotics in clinical practice due to the risks of systemic infections, especially in immune-compromised patients. The use of heat-killed or cell-free supernatants derived from probiotic strains has been evaluated to minimize these adverse effects. Thus, this work evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of paraprobiotics (heat-killed) and postbiotics (cell-free supernatant) of the probiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 strain in a mouse model of 5-Fluorouracil drug-induced mucositis. Administration of paraprobiotics and postbiotics reduced the neutrophil cells infiltrating into the small intestinal mucosa and ameliorated the intestinal epithelium architecture damaged by 5-FU. These ameliorative effects were associated with a downregulation of inflammatory markers (Tlr2, Nfkb1, Il12, Il17a, Il1b, Tnf), and upregulation of immunoregulatory Il10 cytokine and the epithelial barrier markers Ocln, Cldn1, 2, 5, Hp and Muc2. Thus, heat-killed L. delbrueckii CIDCA 133 and supernatants derived from this strain were shown to be effective in reducing 5-FU-induced inflammatory damage, demonstrating them to be an alternative approach to the problems arising from the use of live beneficial microorganisms in clinical practice.
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