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Peña-Vázquez GI, Arredondo-Arenillas A, Serrano-Sandoval SN, Antunes-Ricardo M. Functional foods lipids: unraveling their role in the immune response in obesity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39073763 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2382942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Functional lipids are lipids that are found in food matrices and play an important role in influencing human health as their role goes beyond energy storage and structural components. Ongoing research into functional lipids has highlighted their potential to modulate immune responses and other mechanisms associated with obesity, along with its comorbidities. These lipids represent a new field that may offer new therapeutic and preventive strategies for these diseases by understanding their contribution to health. In this review, we discussed in-depth the potential food sources of functional lipids and their reported potential benefit of the major lipid classification: based on their composition such as simple, compound, and derived lipids, and based on their function such as storage and structural, by investigating the intricate mechanisms through which these lipids interact in the human body. We summarize the key insights into the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the most studied functional lipids. Furthermore, we review the main immunomodulatory mechanisms reported in the literature in the past years. Finally, we discuss the perspectives and challenges faced in the food industry related to functional lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Itzel Peña-Vázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, NL, México
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Ana Arredondo-Arenillas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Sayra N Serrano-Sandoval
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, NL, México
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, NL, México
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, México
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Chowdhury RR, Grosso MF, Gadara DC, Spáčil Z, Vidová V, Sovadinová I, Babica P. Cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin disrupts lipid homeostasis and metabolism in a 3D in vitro model of the human liver. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 397:111046. [PMID: 38735451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin, a potent hepatotoxin produced by harmful cyanobacterial blooms, poses environmental and human health concerns. We used a 3D human liver in vitro model based on spheroids of HepG2 cells, in combination with molecular and biochemical assays, automated imaging, targeted LC-MS-based proteomics, and lipidomics, to explore cylindrospermopsin effects on lipid metabolism and the processes implicated in hepatic steatosis. Cylindrospermopsin (1 μM, 48 h) did not significantly affect cell viability but partially reduced albumin secretion. However, it increased neutral lipid accumulation in HepG2 spheroids while decreasing phospholipid levels. Simultaneously, cylindrospermopsin upregulated genes for lipogenesis regulation (SREBF1) and triacylglycerol synthesis (DGAT1/2) and downregulated genes for fatty acid synthesis (ACLY, ACCA, FASN, SCD1). Fatty acid uptake, oxidation, and lipid efflux genes were not significantly affected. Targeted proteomics revealed increased levels of perilipin 2 (adipophilin), a major hepatocyte lipid droplet-associated protein. Lipid profiling quantified 246 lipid species in the spheroids, with 28 significantly enriched and 15 downregulated by cylindrospermopsin. Upregulated species included neutral lipids, sphingolipids (e.g., ceramides and dihexosylceramides), and some glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylserines), while phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylinositols were mostly reduced. It suggests that cylindrospermopsin exposures might contribute to developing and progressing towards hepatic steatosis or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Riju Roy Chowdhury
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Felipe Grosso
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Zdeněk Spáčil
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vidová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Sovadinová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Babica
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
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3
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Yang H, Suh DH, Jung ES, Lee Y, Liu KH, Do IG, Lee CH, Park CY. Ezetimibe, Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 inhibitor, modulates hepatic phospholipid metabolism to alleviate fat accumulation. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1406493. [PMID: 38953111 PMCID: PMC11215075 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1406493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ezetimibe, which lowers cholesterol by blocking the intestinal cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1 like 1, is reported to reduce hepatic steatosis in humans and animals. Here, we demonstrate the changes in hepatic metabolites and lipids and explain the underlying mechanism of ezetimibe in hepatic steatosis. Methods We fed Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats a high-fat diet (60 kcal % fat) with or vehicle (control) or ezetimibe (10 mg kg-1) via stomach gavage for 12 weeks and performed comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of liver tissue. We used rat liver tissues, HepG2 hepatoma cell lines, and siRNA to explore the underlying mechanism. Results In OLETF rats on a high-fat diet, ezetimibe showed improvements in metabolic parameters and reduction in hepatic fat accumulation. The comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic profiling revealed significant changes in phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylcholines (PC), and alterations in the fatty acyl-chain composition in hepatic PCs. Further analyses involving gene expression and triglyceride assessments in rat liver tissues, HepG2 hepatoma cell lines, and siRNA experiments unveiled that ezetimibe's mechanism involves the upregulation of key phospholipid biosynthesis genes, CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase alpha and phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyl-transferase, and the phospholipid remodeling gene lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3. Conclusion This study demonstrate that ezetimibe improves metabolic parameters and reduces hepatic fat accumulation by influencing the composition and levels of phospholipids, specifically phosphatidylcholines, and by upregulating genes related to phospholipid biosynthesis and remodeling. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular pathways through which ezetimibe mitigates hepatic fat accumulation, emphasizing the role of phospholipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyekyung Yang
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Suh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sung Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjin Lee
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gu Do
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mak KM, Shekhar AC. Soybean polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) is beneficial in liver and extrahepatic tissue injury: An update in experimental research. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2162-2186. [PMID: 37814787 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) is a purified polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine extract of soybeans. This article updates PPC's beneficial effects on various forms of liver cell injury and other tissues in experimental research. PPC downregulates hepatocyte CYP2E1 expression and associated hepatotoxicity, as well as attenuates oxidative stress, apoptosis, lipoprotein oxidation and steatosis in alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver injury. PPC inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production, while stimulating anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion in ethanol or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Kupffer cells/macrophages. It promotes M2-type macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming of glucose and lipid metabolism. PPC mitigates steatosis in NAFLD through inhibiting polarization of pro-inflammatory M1-type Kupffer cells, alleviating metabolic inflammation, remodeling hepatic lipid metabolism, correcting imbalances between lipogenesis and lipolysis and enhancing lipoprotein secretion from hepatocytes. PPC is antifibrotic by preventing progression of alcoholic hepatic fibrosis in baboons and also prevents CCl4-induced fibrosis in rats. PPC supplementation replenishes the phosphatidylcholine content of damaged cell membranes, resulting in increased membrane fluidity and functioning. Phosphatidylcholine repletion prevents increased membrane curvature of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi and decreases sterol regulatory element binding protein-1-mediated lipogenesis, reducing steatosis. PPC remodels gut microbiota and affects hepatic lipid metabolism via the gut-hepatic-axis and also alleviates brain inflammatory responses and cognitive impairment via the gut-brain-axis. Additionally, PPC protects extrahepatic tissues from injury caused by various toxic compounds by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and membrane damage. It also stimulates liver regeneration, enhances sensitivity of cancer cells to radiotherapy/chemotherapy, and inhibits experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. PPC's beneficial effects justify it as a supportive treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki M Mak
- Department of Medical Education and Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aditya C Shekhar
- Department of Medical Education and Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Wupperfeld D, Fricker G, Bois De Fer B, Popovic B. Essential phospholipids impact cytokine secretion and alter lipid-metabolizing enzymes in human hepatocyte cell lines. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:572-584. [PMID: 38664334 PMCID: PMC11126482 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential phospholipids (EPL) are hepatoprotective. METHODS The effects on interleukin (IL)-6 and -8 secretion and on certain lipid-metabolizing enzymes of non-cytotoxic concentrations of EPL (0.1 and 0.25 mg/ml), polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC), and phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) (both at 0.1 and 1 mg/ml), compared with untreated controls, were assessed in human hepatocyte cell lines (HepG2, HepaRG, and steatotic HepaRG). RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-6 secretion was significantly decreased in HepaRG cells by most phospholipids, and significantly increased in steatotic HepaRG cells with at least one concentration of EPL and PtdIns. LPS-induced IL-8 secretion was significantly increased in HepaRG and steatotic HepaRG cells with all phospholipids. All phospholipids significantly decreased amounts of fatty acid synthase in steatotic HepaRG cells and the amounts of acyl-CoA oxidase in HepaRG cells. Amounts of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase were significantly decreased in HepG2 and HepaRG cells by most phospholipids, and significantly increased with 0.1 mg/ml PPC (HepaRG cells) and 1 mg/ml PtdIns (steatotic HepaRG cells). Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was unaffected by any phospholipid in any cell line. CONCLUSIONS EPL, PPC, and PtdIns impacted the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and affected amounts of several key lipid-metabolizing enzymes in human hepatocyte cell lines. Such changes may help liver function improvement, and provide further insights into the EPL's mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wupperfeld
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gert Fricker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Branko Popovic
- Sanofi, Frankfurt am Main, K607, 65929, Industriepark Hoechst, Germany.
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Guo Y, Gao Z, LaGory EL, Kristin LW, Gupte J, Gong Y, Rardin MJ, Liu T, Nguyen TT, Long J, Hsu YH, Murray JK, Lade J, Jackson S, Zhang J. Liver-specific mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component 1 (Mtarc1) knockdown protects the liver from diet-induced MASH in multiple mouse models. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0419. [PMID: 38696369 PMCID: PMC11068142 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human genetic studies have identified several mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component 1 (MTARC1) variants as protective against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. The MTARC1 variants are associated with decreased plasma lipids and liver enzymes and reduced liver-related mortality. However, the role of mARC1 in fatty liver disease is still unclear. METHODS Given that mARC1 is mainly expressed in hepatocytes, we developed an N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated mouse Mtarc1 siRNA, applying it in multiple in vivo models to investigate the role of mARC1 using multiomic techniques. RESULTS In ob/ob mice, knockdown of Mtarc1 in mouse hepatocytes resulted in decreased serum liver enzymes, LDL-cholesterol, and liver triglycerides. Reduction of mARC1 also reduced liver weight, improved lipid profiles, and attenuated liver pathological changes in 2 diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis mouse models. A comprehensive analysis of mARC1-deficient liver from a metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis mouse model by metabolomics, proteomics, and lipidomics showed that Mtarc1 knockdown partially restored metabolites and lipids altered by diet. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, reducing mARC1 expression in hepatocytes protects against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in multiple murine models, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for this chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Guo
- Research Biomarkers, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhengyu Gao
- Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Edward L. LaGory
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lewis Wilson Kristin
- Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jamila Gupte
- Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthew J. Rardin
- Discovery Technology Platforms, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tongyu Liu
- Center for Research Acceleration by Digital Innovation, Amgen Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thong T. Nguyen
- Center for Research Acceleration by Digital Innovation, Amgen Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason Long
- RNA Therapeutics, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Center for Research Acceleration by Digital Innovation, Amgen Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin K. Murray
- RNA Therapeutics, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Julie Lade
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Simon Jackson
- Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, USA
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Domingues I, Yagoubi H, Zhang W, Marotti V, Kambale EK, Vints K, Sliwinska MA, Leclercq IA, Beloqui A. Effects of semaglutide-loaded lipid nanocapsules on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01576-z. [PMID: 38615156 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a highly prevalent chronic liver disease that can progress to end-stage conditions with life-threatening complications, but no pharmacologic therapy has been approved. Drug delivery systems such as lipid nanocapsules (LNC) are very versatile platforms that are easy to produce and can induce the secretion of the native glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) when orally administered. GLP-1 analogs are currently being studied in clinical trials in the context of MASLD. Our nanosystem provides with increased levels of the native GLP-1 and increased plasmatic absorption of the encapsulated GLP-1 analog (semaglutide). Our goal was to use our strategy to demonstrate a better outcome and a greater impact on the metabolic syndrome associated with MASLD and on liver disease progression with our strategy compared with the oral marketed version of semaglutide, Rybelsus®. Therefore, we studied the effect of our nanocarriers on a dietary mouse model of MASLD, the Western diet model, during a daily chronic treatment of 4 weeks. Overall, the results showed a positive impact of semaglutide-loaded lipid nanocapsules towards the normalization of glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. In the liver, there were no significant changes in lipid accumulation, but an improvement in markers related to inflammation was observed. Overall, our strategy had a positive trend on the metabolic syndrome and at reducing inflammation, mitigating the progression of the disease. Oral administration of the nanosystem was more efficient at preventing the progression of the disease to more severe states when compared to the administration of Rybelsus®, as a suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Domingues
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hafsa Yagoubi
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wunan Zhang
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valentina Marotti
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Espoir K Kambale
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katlijn Vints
- EM-platform, VIB Bio Imaging Core, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Isabelle A Leclercq
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 53, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ana Beloqui
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- WEL Research Institute, WELBIO Department, Avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300, Wavre, Belgium.
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Ichikawa A, Miki D, Hayes CN, Teraoka Y, Nakahara H, Tateno C, Ishida Y, Chayama K, Oka S. Multi-omics analysis of a fatty liver model using human hepatocyte chimeric mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3362. [PMID: 38336825 PMCID: PMC10858249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We developed a fatty liver mouse model using human hepatocyte chimeric mice. As transplanted human hepatocytes do not respond to mouse growth hormone (GH) and tend to accumulate fat, we hypothesized that addition of human GH would alter lipid metabolism and reduce accumulation of fat in the liver even when fed a high-fat diet. Six uPA/SCID chimeric mice were fed a high-fat GAN diet to induce fatty liver while six were fed a normal CRF1 diet, and GH was administered to three mice in each group. The mice were euthanized at 8 weeks, and human hepatocytes were extracted for RNA-Seq, DIA proteomics, and metabolomics analysis. Abdominal echocardiography revealed that the degree of fatty liver increased significantly in mice fed GAN diet (p < 0.001) and decreased significantly in mice treated with GH (p = 0.026). Weighted gene correlation network analysis identified IGF1 and SEMA7A as eigengenes. Administration of GH significantly reduced triglyceride levels and was strongly associated with metabolism of amino acids. MiBiOmics analysis identified perilipin-2 as a co-inertia driver. Results from multi-omics analysis revealed distinct gene expression and protein/metabolite profiles in each treatment group when mice were fed a high-fat or normal diet with or without administration of GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Ichikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Pfizer, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Miki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - C Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Yuji Teraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hikaru Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Ishida
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Collaborative Research Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shiro Oka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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9
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Sánchez V, Baumann A, Brandt A, Wodak MF, Staltner R, Bergheim I. Oral Supplementation of Phosphatidylcholine Attenuates the Onset of a Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis in Female C57BL/6J Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:785-800. [PMID: 38262589 PMCID: PMC10966192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Changes in phosphatidylcholine levels in the liver have been associated with the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Here, the effects of supplementing phosphatidylcholine on the development of early signs of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis were assessed. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed a liquid control or a fructose-, fat-, and/or cholesterol-rich diet for 7 or 8 weeks. The diets of female mice were fortified ± phosphatidylcholine (12.5 mg/g diet). In liver tissue and portal blood, indices of liver damage, inflammation, and bacterial endotoxemia were measured. J774A.1 cells and human monocytes preincubated with phosphatidylcholine (0.38 mmol/L) were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (50-100 ng/mL) ± the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activator pioglitazone (10 μmol/L) or ± a liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH-1) antagonist 1-(3'-[1-(2-[4-morpholinyl]ethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-3-biphenylyl)ethanon (1-10 μmol/L). RESULTS In fructose-, fat-, and/or cholesterol-rich diet-fed mice the development of fatty liver and the beginning of inflammation were associated with significantly lower hepatic phosphatidylcholine levels when compared with controls. Supplementing phosphatidylcholine significantly attenuated the development of fatty liver and inflammation, being associated with protection against the induction of PPARγ2, and activation of nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cell inhibitor α whereas Lrh1 expression was unchanged. The protective effects of phosphatidylcholine on the lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of J774A.1 cells and human monocytes were attenuated significantly by the PPARγ activator pioglitazone and the LRH-1 antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that phosphatidylcholine levels in the liver are lower in early metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in mice and that supplementation of phosphatidylcholine can diminish the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease through mechanisms involving LRH-1/PPARγ2/ nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B-cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian F Wodak
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphaela Staltner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Zhang Y, Li H, Liu X, Wang Q, Zhao D, Su M, Jia Z, Shen S. Integrating Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology to Decipher the Hepatoprotective Effect Mechanisms of Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate Injection. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:279-298. [PMID: 38248321 PMCID: PMC10813909 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the liver protective effects of a fourth-generation glycyrrhizic acid product (magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection, MII) in the treatment of mice with drug-induced liver injury-specifically, to determine its effects on plasma metabolites. Moreover, the possible mechanism of its intervention in lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism through the liver protective effect was preliminarily explored, combined with network pharmacology. The liver injury model of mice was established using acetaminophen (APAP). The protective effect of MII on the mice model was evaluated using pathological tissue sections and biochemical indices such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Metabolomics analysis of plasma was performed using the UHPLC-QTOF/MS technique to screen for potential biomarkers and enriched metabolic pathways. The potential targets and pathways of MII were predicted by network pharmacology, and the mechanism was verified by Western blot analysis. MII significantly improved the pathological liver changes in mice with liver injury. The content of ALT and AST was decreased, and the activity of SOD was increased significantly (p < 0.05, 0.01). A total of 29 potential biomarkers were identified in the metabolomics analysis, mainly involving seven pathways, such as lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. A total of 44 intersection targets of MII in the treatment of liver injury were obtained by network pharmacology, involving lipid metabolism and other related pathways. Western blot analysis results showed that MII could significantly reduce the expression of JAK2 and STAT3. MII can effectively ameliorate liver injury in modeled mice through related pathways such as lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. This study could provide not only a scientific basis for the elucidation of the mechanism of action of MII in exerting a hepatoprotective effect, but also a reference for its rational clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Y.Z.); (H.L.); (M.S.)
- NDMA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Generic Drug, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.L.); (Q.W.); (D.Z.)
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Y.Z.); (H.L.); (M.S.)
- NDMA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Generic Drug, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.L.); (Q.W.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xueli Liu
- NDMA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Generic Drug, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.L.); (Q.W.); (D.Z.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- NDMA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Generic Drug, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.L.); (Q.W.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dong Zhao
- NDMA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Generic Drug, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.L.); (Q.W.); (D.Z.)
| | - Ming Su
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Y.Z.); (H.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Zhixin Jia
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China;
| | - Shigang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Y.Z.); (H.L.); (M.S.)
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11
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Clayton-Chubb D, Kemp W, Majeed A, Lubel JS, Hodge A, Roberts SK. Reply to Abenavoli et al. Comment on "Clayton-Chubb et al. Understanding NAFLD: From Case Identification to Interventions, Outcomes, and Future Perspectives. Nutrients 2023, 15, 687". Nutrients 2023; 15:2908. [PMID: 37447237 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thank you for your interesting comment [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Clayton-Chubb
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia
| | - William Kemp
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ammar Majeed
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - John S Lubel
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Alex Hodge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia
| | - Stuart K Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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12
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Abenavoli L, La Torre G, Milic N. Comment on Clayton-Chubb et al. Understanding NAFLD: From Case Identification to Interventions, Outcomes, and Future Perspectives. Nutrients 2023, 15, 687. Nutrients 2023; 15:2907. [PMID: 37447234 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This letter is to comment on the article by Clayton-Chubb et al. on the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its outcomes, and the description of current, emerging and future directions to treat this condition [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia", Viale Europa-Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Torre
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia", Viale Europa-Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Natasa Milic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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13
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Gautam J, Kumari D, Aggarwal H, Gupta SK, Kasarla SS, Sarkar S, Priya MRK, Kamboj P, Kumar Y, Dikshit M. Characterization of lipid signatures in the plasma and insulin-sensitive tissues of the C57BL/6J mice fed on obesogenic diets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023:159348. [PMID: 37285928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity mouse models are widely utilized to investigate the underlying mechanisms of dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as for screening potential drug compounds. However, there is limited knowledge regarding specific signature lipids that accurately reflect dietary disorders. In this study, we aimed to identify key lipid signatures using LC/MS-based untargeted lipidomics in the plasma, liver, adipose tissue (AT), and skeletal muscle tissues (SKM) of male C57BL/6J mice that were fed chow, LFD, or obesogenic diets (HFD, HFHF, and HFCD) for a duration of 20 weeks. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive lipid analysis to assess similarities and differences with human lipid profiles. The mice fed obesogenic diets exhibited weight gain, glucose intolerance, elevated BMI, glucose and insulin levels, and a fatty liver, resembling characteristics of T2DM and obesity in humans. In total, we identified approximately 368 lipids in plasma, 433 in the liver, 493 in AT, and 624 in SKM. Glycerolipids displayed distinct patterns across the tissues, differing from human findings. However, changes in sphingolipids, phospholipids, and the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes showed similarities to reported human findings. Significantly modulated pathways in the obesogenic diet-fed groups included ceramide de novo synthesis, sphingolipid remodeling, and the carboxylesterase pathway, while lipoprotein-mediated pathways were minimally affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gautam
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Deepika Kumari
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Hobby Aggarwal
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Siva Swapna Kasarla
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Soumalya Sarkar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - M R Kamla Priya
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Kamboj
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
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Molaqanbari MR, Zarringol S, Talari HR, Taghizadeh M, Bahmani F, Mohtashamian A, Ebrahimzadeh A, Sharifi N. Effects of Folic Acid Supplementation on Liver Enzymes, Lipid Profile, and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:103. [PMID: 37288023 PMCID: PMC10241628 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_90_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous evidence revealed an association between folate deficiency and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study is the first one investigating the effects of folic acid on hepatic steatosis grade, liver enzymes, insulin resistance, and lipid profile in NAFLD cases. Materials and Methods Sixty-six participants with NAFLD were allocated randomly to take either a placebo or one oral tablet of folic acid (1 mg) on a daily basis within eight weeks. Serum folate, homocysteine, glucose, aminotransferases, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipids were assessed. Ultrasonography was used for assessing the liver steatosis grade. Results The serum alanine transaminase, grade of hepatic steatosis, and aspartate transaminase significantly were decreased within both study groups; however, the between-group comparison was not statistically significant. Of note, the decrease in ALT was more pronounced in folic acid compared with the placebo group (-5.45 ± 7.45 vs. -2.19 ± 8.6 IU/L). The serum homocysteine was decreased after receiving folic acid compared to the placebo (-0.58 ± 3.41 vs. +0.4 ± 3.56 μmol/L; adjusted P = 0.054). Other outcomes did not significantly change. Conclusion Supplementation with folic acid (1 mg/d) for eight weeks among cases with NAFLD did not change significantly the serum levels of liver enzymes, the hepatic steatosis grade, insulin resistance and lipid profile. However, it was able to prevent the increase in homocysteine in comparison with the placebo. Conducting further research is suggested with the longer duration and different doses of folic acid, adjusted to the genotypes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism, among NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Reza Molaqanbari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shadi Zarringol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Talari
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Basic Science Research Institute, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Basic Science Research Institute, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abbas Mohtashamian
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Basic Science Research Institute, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Armin Ebrahimzadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Basic Science Research Institute, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sharifi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Basic Science Research Institute, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Nesci S, Spagnoletta A, Oppedisano F. Inflammation, Mitochondria and Natural Compounds Together in the Circle of Trust. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076106. [PMID: 37047080 PMCID: PMC10094238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human diseases are characterized by the perpetuation of an inflammatory condition in which the levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are quite high. Excessive ROS production leads to DNA damage, protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation, conditions that lead to a worsening of inflammatory disorders. In particular, compromised mitochondria sustain a stressful condition in the cell, such that mitochondrial dysfunctions become pathogenic, causing human disorders related to inflammatory reactions. Indeed, the triggered inflammation loses its beneficial properties and turns harmful if dysregulation and dysfunctions are not addressed. Thus, reducing oxidative stress with ROS scavenger compounds has proven to be a successful approach to reducing inflammation. Among these, natural compounds, in particular, polyphenols, alkaloids and coenzyme Q10, thanks to their antioxidant properties, are capable of inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and the expression of target genes, including those involved in inflammation. Even more, clinical trials, and in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of phytosomes, which are capable of increasing the bioavailability and effectiveness of natural compounds, and have long been considered an effective non-pharmacological therapy. Therefore, in this review, we wanted to highlight the relationship between inflammation, altered mitochondrial oxidative activity in pathological conditions, and the beneficial effects of phytosomes. To this end, a PubMed literature search was conducted with a focus on various in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials from 2014 to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Anna Spagnoletta
- ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Trisaia Research Center, 75026 Rotondella, Italy
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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16
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Zhang C, Shi M, Kim W, Arif M, Klevstig M, Li X, Yang H, Bayram C, Bolat I, Tozlu ÖÖ, Hacımuftuoglu A, Yıldırım S, Sebhaoui J, Iqbal S, Wei Y, Shi X, Nielsen J, Turkez H, Uhlen M, Boren J, Mardinoglu A. Discovery of therapeutic agents targeting PKLR for NAFLD using drug repositioning. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104214. [PMID: 35988463 PMCID: PMC9420484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of liver pathologies. However, no medical treatment has been approved for the treatment of NAFLD. In our previous study, we found that PKLR could be a potential target for treatment of NALFD. Here, we investigated the effect of PKLR in in vivo model and performed drug repositioning to identify a drug candidate for treatment of NAFLD. METHODS Tissue samples from liver, muscle, white adipose and heart were obtained from control and PKLR knockout mice fed with chow and high sucrose diets. Lipidomics as well as transcriptomics analyses were conducted using these tissue samples. In addition, a computational drug repositioning analysis was performed and drug candidates were identified. The drug candidates were both tested in in vitro and in vivo models to evaluate their toxicity and efficacy. FINDINGS The Pklr KO reversed the increased hepatic triglyceride level in mice fed with high sucrose diet and partly recovered the transcriptomic changes in the liver as well as in other three tissues. Both liver and white adipose tissues exhibited dysregulated circadian transcriptomic profiles, and these dysregulations were reversed by hepatic knockout of Pklr. In addition, 10 small molecule drug candidates were identified as potential inhibitor of PKLR using our drug repositioning pipeline, and two of them significantly inhibited both the PKLR expression and triglyceride level in in vitro model. Finally, the two selected small molecule drugs were evaluated in in vivo rat models and we found that these drugs attenuate the hepatic steatosis without side effect on other tissues. INTERPRETATION In conclusion, our study provided biological insights about the critical role of PKLR in NAFLD progression and proposed a treatment strategy for NAFLD patients, which has been validated in preclinical studies. FUNDING ScandiEdge Therapeutics and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, PR China
| | - Mengnan Shi
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Woonghee Kim
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martina Klevstig
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Yang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cemil Bayram
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ismail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Özlem Özdemir Tozlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25200 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Jihad Sebhaoui
- Trustlife Laboratories, Drug Research & Development Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Shazia Iqbal
- Trustlife Laboratories, Drug Research & Development Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yongjun Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, PR China
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Boren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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