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Raghuram N, Hughes AL. Amino acids trigger MDC-dependent mitochondrial remodeling by altering mitochondrial function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.09.602707. [PMID: 39026767 PMCID: PMC11257621 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.602707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Cells utilize numerous pathways to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, including a recently identified mechanism that adjusts the content of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) through formation of OMM-derived multilamellar domains called mitochondrial-derived compartments, or MDCs. MDCs are triggered by perturbations in mitochondrial lipid and protein content, as well as increases in intracellular amino acids. Here, we sought to understand how amino acids trigger MDCs. We show that amino acid-activation of MDCs is dependent on the functional state of mitochondria. While amino acid excess triggers MDC formation when cells are grown on fermentable carbon sources, stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis blocks MDC formation. Moreover, amino acid elevation depletes TCA cycle metabolites in yeast, and preventing consumption of TCA cycle intermediates for amino acid catabolism suppresses MDC formation. Finally, we show that directly impairing the TCA cycle is sufficient to trigger MDC formation in the absence of amino acid stress. These results demonstrate that amino acids stimulate MDC formation by perturbing mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Raghuram
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Adam L. Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Lead Contact
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2
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Zhao L, Zou X, Deng J, Sun B, Li Y, Zhao L, Zhao H, Zhang X, Yuan X, Zhao X, Zou F. hnRNPH1 maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by establishing NRF1/DRP1 retrograde signaling under mitochondrial stress. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-024-01331-4. [PMID: 38898233 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis is coordinated through communication between mitochondria and the nucleus. In response to stress, mitochondria generate retrograde signals to protect against their dysfunction by activating the expression of nuclear genes involved in metabolic reprogramming. However, the mediators associated with mitochondria-to-nucleus communication pathways remain to be clarified. Here, we identified that hnRNPH1 functions as a pivotal mediator of mitochondrial retrograde signaling to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. hnRNPH1 accumulates in the nucleus following mitochondrial stress in a 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner. Accordingly, hnRNPH1 interacts with the transcription factor NRF1 and binds to the DRP1 promoter, enhancing the transcription of DRP1. Furthermore, in the cytoplasm, hnRNPH1 directly interacts with DRP1 and enhances DRP1 Ser616 phosphorylation, thereby increasing DRP1 translocation to mitochondrial outer membranes and triggering mitochondrial fission. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel role for hnRNPH1 in the mitochondrial-nuclear communication pathway to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis under stress and suggest that it may be a potential target for mitochondrial dysfunction diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaotian Zou
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiaqiang Deng
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xieyong Yuan
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Fangdong Zou
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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3
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Campanella M, Kannan B. Mitochondrial sites of contact with the nucleus. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202305010. [PMID: 38669038 PMCID: PMC11046832 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202305010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCS) between mitochondria and the nucleus have been recently described. Termed nucleus associated mitochondria (NAM), they prime the expression of genes required for cellular resistance to stressors, thus offering a tethering mechanism for homeostatic communication. Here, we discuss the composition of NAM and their physiological and pathological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Campanella
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Brindha Kannan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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4
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Min SH, Kang GM, Park JW, Kim MS. Beneficial Effects of Low-Grade Mitochondrial Stress on Metabolic Diseases and Aging. Yonsei Med J 2024; 65:55-69. [PMID: 38288646 PMCID: PMC10827639 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria function as platforms for bioenergetics, nutrient metabolism, intracellular signaling, innate immunity regulators, and modulators of stem cell activity. Thus, the decline in mitochondrial functions causes or correlates with diabetes mellitus and many aging-related diseases. Upon stress or damage, the mitochondria elicit a series of adaptive responses to overcome stress and restore their structural integrity and functional homeostasis. These adaptive responses to low-level or transient mitochondrial stress promote health and resilience to upcoming stress. Beneficial effects of low-grade mitochondrial stress, termed mitohormesis, have been observed in various organisms, including mammals. Accumulated evidence indicates that treatments boosting mitohormesis have therapeutic potential in various human diseases accompanied by mitochondrial stress. Here, we review multiple cellular signaling pathways and interorgan communication mechanisms through which mitochondrial stress leads to advantageous outcomes. We also discuss the relevance of mitohormesis in obesity, diabetes, metabolic liver disease, aging, and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gil Myoung Kang
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Park
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea.
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5
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Morozumi Y, Mahayot F, Nakase Y, Soong JX, Yamawaki S, Sofyantoro F, Imabata Y, Oda AH, Tamura M, Kofuji S, Akikusa Y, Shibatani A, Ohta K, Shiozaki K. Rapamycin-sensitive mechanisms confine the growth of fission yeast below the temperatures detrimental to cell physiology. iScience 2024; 27:108777. [PMID: 38269097 PMCID: PMC10805665 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells cease to proliferate above their growth-permissible temperatures, a ubiquitous phenomenon generally attributed to heat damage to cellular macromolecules. We here report that, in the presence of rapamycin, a potent inhibitor of Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1), the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe can proliferate at high temperatures that usually arrest its growth. Consistently, mutations to the TORC1 subunit RAPTOR/Mip1 and the TORC1 substrate Sck1 significantly improve cellular heat resistance, suggesting that TORC1 restricts fission yeast growth at high temperatures. Aiming for a more comprehensive understanding of the negative regulation of high-temperature growth, we conducted genome-wide screens, which identified additional factors that suppress cell proliferation at high temperatures. Among them is Mks1, which is phosphorylated in a TORC1-dependent manner, forms a complex with the 14-3-3 protein Rad24, and suppresses the high-temperature growth independently of Sck1. Our study has uncovered unexpected mechanisms of growth restraint even below the temperatures deleterious to cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Morozumi
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Fontip Mahayot
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakase
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Jia Xin Soong
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yamawaki
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Fajar Sofyantoro
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yuki Imabata
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Arisa H. Oda
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Miki Tamura
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kofuji
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yutaka Akikusa
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ayu Shibatani
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ohta
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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6
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Williams TC, Kroukamp H, Xu X, Wightman EL, Llorente B, Borneman AR, Carpenter AC, Van Wyk N, Meier F, Collier TR, Espinosa MI, Daniel EL, Walker RS, Cai Y, Nevalainen HK, Curach NC, Deveson IW, Mercer TR, Johnson DL, Mitchell LA, Bader JS, Stracquadanio G, Boeke JD, Goold HD, Pretorius IS, Paulsen IT. Parallel laboratory evolution and rational debugging reveal genomic plasticity to S. cerevisiae synthetic chromosome XIV defects. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100379. [PMID: 38020977 PMCID: PMC10667330 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic chromosome engineering is a complex process due to the need to identify and repair growth defects and deal with combinatorial gene essentiality when rearranging chromosomes. To alleviate these issues, we have demonstrated novel approaches for repairing and rearranging synthetic Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomes. We have designed, constructed, and restored wild-type fitness to a synthetic 753,096-bp version of S. cerevisiae chromosome XIV as part of the Synthetic Yeast Genome project. In parallel to the use of rational engineering approaches to restore wild-type fitness, we used adaptive laboratory evolution to generate a general growth-defect-suppressor rearrangement in the form of increased TAR1 copy number. We also extended the utility of the synthetic chromosome recombination and modification by loxPsym-mediated evolution (SCRaMbLE) system by engineering synthetic-wild-type tetraploid hybrid strains that buffer against essential gene loss, highlighting the plasticity of the S. cerevisiae genome in the presence of rational and non-rational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Williams
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Heinrich Kroukamp
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L.I. Wightman
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Briardo Llorente
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- The Australian Genome Foundry, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony R. Borneman
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Alexander C. Carpenter
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Niel Van Wyk
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Felix Meier
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas R.V. Collier
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Monica I. Espinosa
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L. Daniel
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roy S.K. Walker
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Yizhi Cai
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Helena K.M. Nevalainen
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie C. Curach
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Bioplatforms Australia, Research Park Drive, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ira W. Deveson
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- The Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Timothy R. Mercer
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- The Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel L. Johnson
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Leslie A. Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joel S. Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Giovanni Stracquadanio
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, SynthSys, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Jef D. Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Hugh D. Goold
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Isak S. Pretorius
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian T. Paulsen
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Australian Genome Foundry, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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Purhonen J, Klefström J, Kallijärvi J. MYC-an emerging player in mitochondrial diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1257651. [PMID: 37731815 PMCID: PMC10507175 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1257651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is a major hub of cellular metabolism and involved directly or indirectly in almost all biological processes of the cell. In mitochondrial diseases, compromised respiratory electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) lead to compensatory rewiring of metabolism with resemblance to the Warburg-like metabolic state of cancer cells. The transcription factor MYC (or c-MYC) is a major regulator of metabolic rewiring in cancer, stimulating glycolysis, nucleotide biosynthesis, and glutamine utilization, which are known or predicted to be affected also in mitochondrial diseases. Albeit not widely acknowledged thus far, several cell and mouse models of mitochondrial disease show upregulation of MYC and/or its typical transcriptional signatures. Moreover, gene expression and metabolite-level changes associated with mitochondrial integrated stress response (mt-ISR) show remarkable overlap with those of MYC overexpression. In addition to being a metabolic regulator, MYC promotes cellular proliferation and modifies the cell cycle kinetics and, especially at high expression levels, promotes replication stress and genomic instability, and sensitizes cells to apoptosis. Because cell proliferation requires energy and doubling of the cellular biomass, replicating cells should be particularly sensitive to defective OXPHOS. On the other hand, OXPHOS-defective replicating cells are predicted to be especially vulnerable to high levels of MYC as it facilitates evasion of metabolic checkpoints and accelerates cell cycle progression. Indeed, a few recent studies demonstrate cell cycle defects and nuclear DNA damage in OXPHOS deficiency. Here, we give an overview of key mitochondria-dependent metabolic pathways known to be regulated by MYC, review the current literature on MYC expression in mitochondrial diseases, and speculate how its upregulation may be triggered by OXPHOS deficiency and what implications this has for the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Purhonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Klefström
- Finnish Cancer Institute, FICAN South Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Oneissi M, Cruz MR, Ramírez-Zavala B, Lindemann-Perez E, Morschhäuser J, Garsin DA, Perez JC. Host-derived reactive oxygen species trigger activation of the Candida albicans transcription regulator Rtg1/3. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011692. [PMID: 37769015 PMCID: PMC10564244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The signals that denote mammalian host environments and dictate the activation of signaling pathways in human-associated microorganisms are often unknown. The transcription regulator Rtg1/3 in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans is a crucial determinant of host colonization and pathogenicity. Rtg1/3's activity is controlled, in part, by shuttling the regulator between the cytoplasm and nucleus of the fungus. The host signal(s) that Rtg1/3 respond(s) to, however, have remained unclear. Here we report that neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) direct the subcellular localization of this C. albicans transcription regulator. Upon engulfment of Candida cells by human or mouse neutrophils, the regulator shuttles to the fungal nucleus. Using genetic and chemical approaches to disrupt the neutrophils' oxidative burst, we establish that the oxidants produced by the NOX2 complex-but not the oxidants generated by myeloperoxidase-trigger Rtg1/3's migration to the nucleus. Furthermore, screening a collection of C. albicans kinase deletion mutants, we implicate the MKC1 signaling pathway in the ROS-dependent regulation of Rtg1/3 in this fungus. Finally, we show that Rtg1/3 contributes to C. albicans virulence in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in an ROS-dependent manner as the rtg1 and rtg3 mutants display virulence defects in wild-type but not in ROS deficient worms. Our findings establish NOX2-derived ROS as a key signal that directs the activity of the pleiotropic fungal regulator Rtg1/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Oneissi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Melissa R. Cruz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | | | - Elena Lindemann-Perez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Joachim Morschhäuser
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Danielle A. Garsin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - J. Christian Perez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
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9
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Avecilla G, Spealman P, Matthews J, Caudal E, Schacherer J, Gresham D. Copy number variation alters local and global mutational tolerance. Genome Res 2023; 33:1340-1353. [PMID: 37652668 PMCID: PMC10547251 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277625.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs), duplications and deletions of genomic sequences, contribute to evolutionary adaptation but can also confer deleterious effects and cause disease. Whereas the effects of amplifying individual genes or whole chromosomes (i.e., aneuploidy) have been studied extensively, much less is known about the genetic and functional effects of CNVs of differing sizes and structures. Here, we investigated Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) strains that acquired adaptive CNVs of variable structures and copy numbers following experimental evolution in glutamine-limited chemostats. Although beneficial in the selective environment, CNVs result in decreased fitness compared with the euploid ancestor in rich media. We used transposon mutagenesis to investigate mutational tolerance and genome-wide genetic interactions in CNV strains. We find that CNVs increase mutational target size, confer increased mutational tolerance in amplified essential genes, and result in novel genetic interactions with unlinked genes. We validated a novel genetic interaction between different CNVs and BMH1 that was common to multiple strains. We also analyzed global gene expression and found that transcriptional dosage compensation does not affect most genes amplified by CNVs, although gene-specific transcriptional dosage compensation does occur for ∼12% of amplified genes. Furthermore, we find that CNV strains do not show previously described transcriptional signatures of aneuploidy. Our study reveals the extent to which local and global mutational tolerance is modified by CNVs with implications for genome evolution and CNV-associated diseases, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Avecilla
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Pieter Spealman
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Julia Matthews
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Elodie Caudal
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, GMGM UMR, 7156 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Schacherer
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, GMGM UMR, 7156 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - David Gresham
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA;
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
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10
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Purhonen J, Banerjee R, Wanne V, Sipari N, Mörgelin M, Fellman V, Kallijärvi J. Mitochondrial complex III deficiency drives c-MYC overexpression and illicit cell cycle entry leading to senescence and segmental progeria. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2356. [PMID: 37095097 PMCID: PMC10126100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests mitochondria as key modulators of normal and premature aging, yet whether primary oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficiency can cause progeroid disease remains unclear. Here, we show that mice with severe isolated respiratory complex III (CIII) deficiency display nuclear DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, aberrant mitoses, and cellular senescence in the affected organs such as liver and kidney, and a systemic phenotype resembling juvenile-onset progeroid syndromes. Mechanistically, CIII deficiency triggers presymptomatic cancer-like c-MYC upregulation followed by excessive anabolic metabolism and illicit cell proliferation against lack of energy and biosynthetic precursors. Transgenic alternative oxidase dampens mitochondrial integrated stress response and the c-MYC induction, suppresses the illicit proliferation, and prevents juvenile lethality despite that canonical OXPHOS-linked functions remain uncorrected. Inhibition of c-MYC with the dominant-negative Omomyc protein relieves the DNA damage in CIII-deficient hepatocytes in vivo. Our results connect primary OXPHOS deficiency to genomic instability and progeroid pathogenesis and suggest that targeting c-MYC and aberrant cell proliferation may be therapeutic in mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Purhonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rishi Banerjee
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vilma Wanne
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sipari
- Viikki Metabolomics Unit, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 65, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, P.O.Box 117, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Colzyx AB, Scheelevägen 2, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vineta Fellman
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, P.O.Box 117, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Children's Hospital, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 22, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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11
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Kidere D, Zayakin P, Livcane D, Makrecka-Kuka M, Stavusis J, Lace B, Lin TK, Liou CW, Inashkina I. Impact of the m.13513G>A Variant on the Functions of the OXPHOS System and Cell Retrograde Signaling. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1794-1809. [PMID: 36975485 PMCID: PMC10047405 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in many vital functions in living cells, including the synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and regulation of nuclear gene expression through retrograde signaling. Leigh syndrome is a heterogeneous neurological disorder resulting from an isolated complex I deficiency that causes damage to mitochondrial energy production. The pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variant m.13513G>A has been associated with Leigh syndrome. The present study investigated the effects of this mtDNA variant on the OXPHOS system and cell retrograde signaling. Transmitochondrial cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cell lines harboring 50% and 70% of the m.13513G>A variant were generated and tested along with wild-type (WT) cells. The functionality of the OXPHOS system was evaluated by spectrophotometric assessment of enzyme activity and high-resolution respirometry. Nuclear gene expression was investigated by RNA sequencing and droplet digital PCR. Increasing levels of heteroplasmy were associated with reduced OXPHOS system complex I, IV, and I + III activities, and high-resolution respirometry also showed a complex I defect. Profound changes in transcription levels of nuclear genes were observed in the cell lines harboring the pathogenic mtDNA variant, indicating the physiological processes associated with defective mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita Kidere
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Pawel Zayakin
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Diana Livcane
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Janis Stavusis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Baiba Lace
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
- Children’s Clinical University Hospital, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83305, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83305, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Inna Inashkina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence:
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12
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Wagner A, Kosnacova H, Chovanec M, Jurkovicova D. Mitochondrial Genetic and Epigenetic Regulations in Cancer: Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147897. [PMID: 35887244 PMCID: PMC9321253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles managing crucial processes of cellular metabolism and bioenergetics. Enabling rapid cellular adaptation to altered endogenous and exogenous environments, mitochondria play an important role in many pathophysiological states, including cancer. Being under the control of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nDNA), mitochondria adjust their activity and biogenesis to cell demands. In cancer, numerous mutations in mtDNA have been detected, which do not inactivate mitochondrial functions but rather alter energy metabolism to support cancer cell growth. Increasing evidence suggests that mtDNA mutations, mtDNA epigenetics and miRNA regulations dynamically modify signalling pathways in an altered microenvironment, resulting in cancer initiation and progression and aberrant therapy response. In this review, we discuss mitochondria as organelles importantly involved in tumorigenesis and anti-cancer therapy response. Tumour treatment unresponsiveness still represents a serious drawback in current drug therapies. Therefore, studying aspects related to genetic and epigenetic control of mitochondria can open a new field for understanding cancer therapy response. The urgency of finding new therapeutic regimens with better treatment outcomes underlines the targeting of mitochondria as a suitable candidate with new therapeutic potential. Understanding the role of mitochondria and their regulation in cancer development, progression and treatment is essential for the development of new safe and effective mitochondria-based therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wagner
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.W.); (H.K.); (M.C.)
- Department of Simulation and Virtual Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Kosnacova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.W.); (H.K.); (M.C.)
- Department of Simulation and Virtual Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Chovanec
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.W.); (H.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Dana Jurkovicova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.W.); (H.K.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Wada H, Hamaguchi R, Narui R, Morikawa H. Meaning and Significance of “Alkalization Therapy for Cancer”. Front Oncol 2022; 12:920843. [PMID: 35965526 PMCID: PMC9364696 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.920843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives of the Study Our research aims to answer the following questions. Can cancer progression be stopped by changing the body condition of person with cancer? Can cancer be cured?If cancer progression can be stopped, what is the underlying mechanism? Theoretical Rationale for Alkalization Therapy Almost 70 years ago, Goldblatt H. & Cameron G. reported on the idea of alkalization therapy. Before that, Otto Warburg had been studying the metabolism of cancer and had discovered the essential nature of cancer. He published a review in Science in 1956 under the title “On the origin of cancer cells”. From his phenomena described above, we established the theoretical rationale for alkalization therapy, based on the question of “How does cancer form and what is its nature”? Limitations of Deductive Methods and Inductive Approaches In this paper, we describe a method to reconstruct the limitations and weaknesses of modern cancer medicine as Science-based Medicine using an inductive method, and to present a new vision of cancer therapy. How should we treat cancer? (Case presentation): Using a specific clinical case, we present patients in whom were successfully treated with no or few anticancer drugs. Summary The biggest weakness of current cancer treatments is that they only treat the cancer and not the actual patient. The “alkalization therapy” that we advocate does not compete with any of the current standard treatments, but improves the effectiveness of standard treatments, reduces side effects, and lowers medical costs.
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14
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Takayama C, Koga A, Sakamoto R, Arita N, Tani M. Involvement of the mitochondrial retrograde pathway in dihydrosphingosine-induced cytotoxicity in budding yeast. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 605:63-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Lifespan Extension of Podospora anserina Mic60-Subcomplex Mutants Depends on Cardiolipin Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094741. [PMID: 35563132 PMCID: PMC9099538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Function of mitochondria largely depends on a characteristic ultrastructure with typical invaginations, namely the cristae of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The mitochondrial signature phospholipid cardiolipin (CL), the F1Fo-ATP-synthase, and the ‘mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system’ (MICOS) complex are involved in this process. Previous studies with Podospora anserina demonstrated that manipulation of MICOS leads to altered cristae structure and prolongs lifespan. While longevity of Mic10-subcomplex mutants is induced by mitohormesis, the underlying mechanism in the Mic60-subcomplex deletion mutants was unclear. Since several studies indicated a connection between MICOS and phospholipid composition, we now analyzed the impact of MICOS on mitochondrial phospholipid metabolism. Data from lipidomic analysis identified alterations in phospholipid profile and acyl composition of CL in Mic60-subcomplex mutants. These changes appear to have beneficial effects on membrane properties and promote longevity. Impairments of CL remodeling in a PaMIC60 ablated mutant lead to a complete abrogation of longevity. This effect is reversed by supplementation of the growth medium with linoleic acid, a fatty acid which allows the formation of tetra-octadecanoyl CL. In the PaMic60 deletion mutant, this CL species appears to lead to longevity. Overall, our data demonstrate a tight connection between MICOS, the regulation of mitochondrial phospholipid homeostasis, and aging of P. anserina.
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16
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Walker BR, Moraes CT. Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030427. [PMID: 35327619 PMCID: PMC8946195 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the cell’s major energy producers, also act as signaling hubs, interacting with other organelles both directly and indirectly. Despite having its own circular genome, the majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear DNA. To respond to changes in cell physiology, the mitochondria must send signals to the nucleus, which can, in turn, upregulate gene expression to alter metabolism or initiate a stress response. This is known as retrograde signaling. A variety of stimuli and pathways fall under the retrograde signaling umbrella. Mitochondrial dysfunction has already been shown to have severe implications for human health. Disruption of retrograde signaling, whether directly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction or cellular environmental changes, may also contribute to pathological deficits. In this review, we discuss known signaling pathways between the mitochondria and the nucleus, examine the possibility of direct contacts, and identify pathological consequences of an altered relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni R. Walker
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1420 NW 9th Avenue, Rm. 229, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Carlos T. Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1420 NW 9th Avenue, Rm. 229, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-305-243-5858
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17
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Wang G, Fan Y, Cao P, Tan K. Insight into the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and cancer: opportunities and challenges. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:18. [PMID: 35180892 PMCID: PMC8857832 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is an evolutionarily conserved protective transcriptional response that maintains mitochondrial proteostasis by inducing the expression of mitochondrial chaperones and proteases in response to various stresses. The UPRmt-mediated transcriptional program requires the participation of various upstream signaling pathways and molecules. The factors regulating the UPRmt in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and mammals are both similar and different. Cancer cells, as malignant cells with uncontrolled proliferation, are exposed to various challenges from endogenous and exogenous stresses. Therefore, in cancer cells, the UPRmt is hijacked and exploited for the repair of mitochondria and the promotion of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. In this review, we systematically introduce the inducers of UPRmt, the biological processes in which UPRmt participates, the mechanisms regulating the UPRmt in C. elegans and mammals, cross-tissue signal transduction of the UPRmt and the roles of the UPRmt in promoting cancer initiation and progression. Disrupting proteostasis in cancer cells by targeting UPRmt constitutes a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Pengxiu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Ke Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China.
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18
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Ding Y, Zhang K, Yin Y, Wu J. D319 induced antifungal effects through ROS-mediated apoptosis and inhibited isocitrate lyase in Candida albicans. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130050. [PMID: 34800580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause superficial and life-threatening systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. However, the available clinically antifungals are limited. Therefore, the development of effective antifungal agents and therapies is urgently needed. Quinoline type of compounds were reported to possess potent anti-fungal effect. A series of quinoline derivatives were synthesized. Moreover their inhibitory activities and mechanisms on C. albicans were evaluated in this study. METHODS The structure of D319 was identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The antifungal activity of D319 on C. albicans was evaluated using conventional methods, including the inhibition zone diameters with filter paper, Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method in vitro, and in a murine model in vivo. Flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, western blot, knockout mutant and revertant strain techniques, and molecular modeling were applied to explore the mechanism of action of D319 in anti-Candida. RESULTS D319 exhibited potent anti-Candida activity with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration value of 2.5 μg/mL in vitro. D319 significantly improved survival rate and reduced fungal burden compared to vehicle control in a murine model in vivo. The treatment of C. albicans with D319 resulted in fungal apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in C. albicans. Furthermore, D319 inhibited the glyoxylate enzyme isocitrate lyase (ICL) of C. albicans, which was also confirmed by docking analysis. CONCLUSIONS Quinoline compound D319 exhibited strong anti-Candida activities in vitro and in vivo models through inhibiting ICL activity and ROS accumulation in C. albicans. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study showed that compound D319 as a novel isocitrate lyase inhibitor, would be a promising anti-Candida lead compound, which provided a potential application of this type of compounds in fighting clinical fungal infections. Furthermore, this study also supported ICL as a potential target for anti-Candida drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yiqiang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jiyong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China.
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19
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Warnsmann V, Meisterknecht J, Wittig I, Osiewacz HD. Aging of Podospora anserina Leads to Alterations of OXPHOS and the Induction of Non-Mitochondrial Salvage Pathways. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123319. [PMID: 34943827 PMCID: PMC8699231 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of functionally impaired mitochondria is a key event in aging. Previous works with the fungal aging model Podospora anserina demonstrated pronounced age-dependent changes of mitochondrial morphology and ultrastructure, as well as alterations of transcript and protein levels, including individual proteins of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The identified protein changes do not reflect the level of the whole protein complexes as they function in-vivo. In the present study, we investigated in detail the age-dependent changes of assembled mitochondrial protein complexes, using complexome profiling. We observed pronounced age-depen-dent alterations of the OXPHOS complexes, including the loss of mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes (mtRSCs) and a reduction in the abundance of complex I and complex IV. Additionally, we identified a switch from the standard complex IV-dependent respiration to an alternative respiration during the aging of the P. anserina wild type. Interestingly, we identified proteasome components, as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins, for which the recruitment to mitochondria appeared to be increased in the mitochondria of older cultures. Overall, our data demonstrate pronounced age-dependent alterations of the protein complexes involved in energy transduction and suggest the induction of different non-mitochondrial salvage pathways, to counteract the age-dependent mitochondrial impairments which occur during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Warnsmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jana Meisterknecht
- Functional Proteomics, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stein-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stein-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heinz D Osiewacz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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20
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Giordani C, Silvestrini A, Giuliani A, Olivieri F, Rippo MR. MicroRNAs as Factors in Bidirectional Crosstalk Between Mitochondria and the Nucleus During Cellular Senescence. Front Physiol 2021; 12:734976. [PMID: 34566699 PMCID: PMC8458936 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.734976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that generate most of the chemical energy to power the cell through ATP production, thus regulating cell homeostasis. Although mitochondria have their own independent genome, most of the mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes. An extensive bidirectional communication network between mitochondria and the nucleus has been discovered, thus making them semi-autonomous organelles. The nucleus-to-mitochondria signaling pathway, called Anterograde Signaling Pathway can be deduced, since the majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nucleus, less is known about the opposite pathway, the so-called mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde signaling pathway. Several studies have demonstrated that non-coding RNAs are essential “messengers” of this communication between the nucleus and the mitochondria and that they might have a central role in the coordination of important mitochondrial biological processes. In particular, the finding of numerous miRNAs in mitochondria, also known as mitomiRs, enabled insights into their role in mitochondrial gene transcription. MitomiRs could act as important mediators of this complex crosstalk between the nucleus and the mitochondria. Mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for the physiological processes of the cell. Disruption at any stage in their metabolism, dynamics and bioenergetics could lead to the production of considerable amounts of reactive oxygen species and increased mitochondrial permeability, which are among the hallmarks of cellular senescence. Extensive changes in mitomiR expression and distribution have been demonstrated in senescent cells, those could possibly lead to an alteration in mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we discuss the emerging putative roles of mitomiRs in the bidirectional communication pathways between mitochondria and the nucleus, with a focus on the senescence-associated mitomiRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giordani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Silvestrini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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21
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Timblin GA, Tharp KM, Ford B, Winchester JM, Wang J, Zhu S, Khan RI, Louie SK, Iavarone AT, Ten Hoeve J, Nomura DK, Stahl A, Saijo K. Mitohormesis reprogrammes macrophage metabolism to enforce tolerance. Nat Metab 2021; 3:618-635. [PMID: 34031590 PMCID: PMC8162914 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages generate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial reactive electrophilic species as antimicrobials during Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent inflammatory responses. Whether mitochondrial stress caused by these molecules impacts macrophage function is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that both pharmacologically driven and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-driven mitochondrial stress in macrophages triggers a stress response called mitohormesis. LPS-driven mitohormetic stress adaptations occur as macrophages transition from an LPS-responsive to LPS-tolerant state wherein stimulus-induced pro-inflammatory gene transcription is impaired, suggesting tolerance is a product of mitohormesis. Indeed, like LPS, hydroxyoestrogen-triggered mitohormesis suppresses mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and acetyl-CoA production needed for histone acetylation and pro-inflammatory gene transcription, and is sufficient to enforce an LPS-tolerant state. Thus, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial reactive electrophilic species are TLR-dependent signalling molecules that trigger mitohormesis as a negative feedback mechanism to restrain inflammation via tolerance. Moreover, bypassing TLR signalling and pharmacologically triggering mitohormesis represents a new anti-inflammatory strategy that co-opts this stress response to impair epigenetic support of pro-inflammatory gene transcription by mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Timblin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Kevin M Tharp
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Breanna Ford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Novartis-Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Janet M Winchester
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jerome Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stella Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rida I Khan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shannon K Louie
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anthony T Iavarone
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- QB3/Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Johanna Ten Hoeve
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and UCLA Metabolomics Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Novartis-Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kaoru Saijo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Warnsmann V, Marschall LM, Osiewacz HD. Impaired F 1F o-ATP-Synthase Dimerization Leads to the Induction of Cyclophilin D-Mediated Autophagy-Dependent Cell Death and Accelerated Aging. Cells 2021; 10:757. [PMID: 33808173 PMCID: PMC8066942 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP-synthase dimers play a critical role in shaping and maintenance of mitochondrial ultrastructure. Previous studies have revealed that ablation of the F1Fo-ATP-synthase assembly factor PaATPE of the ascomycete Podospora anserina strongly affects cristae formation, increases hydrogen peroxide levels, impairs mitochondrial function and leads to premature cell death. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanistic basis. Compared to the wild type, we observed a slight increase in non-selective and a pronounced increase in mitophagy, the selective vacuolar degradation of mitochondria. This effect depends on the availability of functional cyclophilin D (PaCYPD), the regulator of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Simultaneous deletion of PaAtpe and PaAtg1, encoding a key component of the autophagy machinery or of PaCypD, led to a reduction of mitophagy and a partial restoration of the wild-type specific lifespan. The same effect was observed in the PaAtpe deletion strain after inhibition of PaCYPD by its specific inhibitor, cyclosporin A. Overall, our data identify autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD) as part of the cellular response to impaired F1Fo-ATP-synthase dimerization, and emphasize the crucial role of functional mitochondria in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heinz D. Osiewacz
- Faculty of Biosciences, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (V.W.); (L.-M.M.)
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English J, Son JM, Cardamone MD, Lee C, Perissi V. Decoding the rosetta stone of mitonuclear communication. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105161. [PMID: 32846213 PMCID: PMC7755734 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis in eukaryotic cells requires synchronized coordination of multiple organelles. A key role in this stage is played by mitochondria, which have recently emerged as highly interconnected and multifunctional hubs that process and coordinate diverse cellular functions. Beyond producing ATP, mitochondria generate key metabolites and are central to apoptotic and metabolic signaling pathways. Because most mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear genome, the biogenesis of new mitochondria and the maintenance of mitochondrial functions and flexibility critically depend upon effective mitonuclear communication. This review addresses the complex network of signaling molecules and pathways allowing mitochondria-nuclear communication and coordinated regulation of their independent but interconnected genomes, and discusses the extent to which dynamic communication between the two organelles has evolved for mutual benefit and for the overall maintenance of cellular and organismal fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin English
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jyung Mean Son
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Valentina Perissi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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25
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Saibabu V, Fatima Z, Ahmad K, Khan LA, Hameed S. Octyl gallate triggers dysfunctional mitochondria leading to ROS driven membrane damage and metabolic inflexibility along with attenuated virulence in Candida albicans. Med Mycol 2020; 58:380-392. [PMID: 31135913 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently the high incidence of worldwide Candida infections has substantially increased. The growing problem about toxicity of antifungal drugs and multidrug resistance aggravates the need for the development of new effective strategies. Natural compounds in this context represent promising alternatives having potential to be exploited for improving human health. The present study was therefore designed to evaluate the antifungal effect of a naturally occurring phenolic, octyl gallate (OG), on Candida albicans and to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved. We demonstrated that OG at 25 μg/ml could effectively inhibit C. albicans. Mechanistic insights revealed that OG affects mitochondrial functioning as Candida cells exposed to OG did not grow on non-fermentable carbon sources. Dysfunctional mitochondria triggered generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which led to membrane damage mediated by lipid peroxidation. We explored that OG inhibited glucose-induced reduction in external pH and causes decrement in ergosterol levels by 45%. Furthermore, OG impedes the metabolic flexibility of C. albicans by inhibiting the glyoxylate enzyme isocitrate lyase, which was also confirmed by docking analysis. Additionally, OG affected virulence traits such as morphological transition and cell adherence. Furthermore, we depicted that OG not only prevented biofilm formation but eliminates the preformed biofilms. In vivo studies with Caenorhabditis elegans nematode model confirmed that OG could enhance the survival of C. elegans after infection with Candida. Toxicity assay using red blood cells showed only 27.5% haemolytic activity. Taken together, OG is a potent inhibitor of C. albicans that warrants further structural optimization and pharmacological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Saibabu
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar)-122413, India.,Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Zeeshan Fatima
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar)-122413, India
| | - Kamal Ahmad
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Luqman Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Saif Hameed
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar)-122413, India
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Machado-Oliveira G, Ramos C, Marques ARA, Vieira OV. Cell Senescence, Multiple Organelle Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:E2146. [PMID: 32977446 PMCID: PMC7598292 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an age-related disorder associated with long-term exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. The asymptomatic progression of atherosclerotic plaques leads to major cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including acute myocardial infarctions or cerebral ischemic strokes in some cases. Senescence, a biological process associated with progressive structural and functional deterioration of cells, tissues and organs, is intricately linked to age-related diseases. Cell senescence involves coordinated modifications in cellular compartments and has been demonstrated to contribute to different stages of atheroma development. Senescence-based therapeutic strategies are currently being pursued to treat and prevent CVD in humans in the near-future. In addition, distinct experimental settings allowed researchers to unravel potential approaches to regulate anti-apoptotic pathways, facilitate excessive senescent cell clearance and eventually reverse atherogenesis to improve cardiovascular function. However, a deeper knowledge is required to fully understand cellular senescence, to clarify senescence and atherogenesis intertwining, allowing researchers to establish more effective treatments and to reduce the cardiovascular disorders' burden. Here, we present an objective review of the key senescence-related alterations of the major intracellular organelles and analyze the role of relevant cell types for senescence and atherogenesis. In this context, we provide an updated analysis of therapeutic approaches, including clinically relevant experiments using senolytic drugs to counteract atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Machado-Oliveira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (A.R.A.M.)
| | | | | | - Otília V. Vieira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (A.R.A.M.)
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Mitochondrial Respiratory Defect Enhances Hepatoma Cell Invasiveness via STAT3/NFE2L1/STX12 Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092632. [PMID: 32942643 PMCID: PMC7565734 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mitochondria are essential organelles responsible for aerobic ATP production in eukaryotes. However, many solid tumor cells harbor an impaired mitochondrial ATP production system: oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The aim of this study was to elucidate the involvement of the mitochondrial OXPHOS defect in cancer cell activity, especially focusing on hepatoma cell invasiveness. We demonstrated that NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Subunit A9 (NDUFA9) depletion was an upstream driver of the OXPHOS defect and nuclear factor-erythroid 2 like 1 (NFE2L1) upregulation in HCC tumors. NFE2L1 is the key transcription factor to enhance hepatoma cell invasiveness via STX12 expression. Our study presents a novel mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated retrograde signaling pathway and the resulting transcriptomic reprogramming in liver cancer progression, providing the NDUFA9/NFE2L1/STX12 axis as a key prognostic marker of aggressive liver cancer with mitochondrial defects. Abstract Mitochondrial respiratory defects have been implicated in cancer progression and metastasis, but how they control tumor cell aggressiveness remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a mitochondrial respiratory defect induces nuclear factor-erythroid 2 like 1 (NFE2L1) expression at the transcriptional level via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated STAT3 activation. We identified syntaxin 12 (STX12) as an effective downstream target of NFE2L1 by performing cDNA microarray analysis after the overexpression and depletion of NFE2L1 in hepatoma cells. Bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) open database (n = 371) also revealed a significant positive association (r = 0.3, p = 2.49 × 10−9) between NFE2L1 and STX12 expression. We further demonstrated that STX12 is upregulated through the ROS/STAT3/NFE2L1 axis and is a key downstream effector of NFE2L1 in modulating hepatoma cell invasiveness. In addition, gene enrichment analysis of TCGA-LIHC also showed that epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related core genes are significantly upregulated in tumors co-expressing NFE2L1 and STX12. The positive association between NFE2L1 and STX12 expression was validated by immunohistochemistry of the hepatocellular carcinoma tissue array. Finally, higher EMT gene enrichment and worse overall survival (p = 0.043) were observed in the NFE2L1 and STX12 co-expression group with mitochondrial defect, as indicated by low NDUFA9 expression. Collectively, our results indicate that NFE2L1 is a key mitochondrial retrograde signaling-mediated primary gene product enhancing hepatoma cell invasiveness via STX12 expression and promoting liver cancer progression.
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García-Heredia JM, Carnero A. Role of Mitochondria in Cancer Stem Cell Resistance. Cells 2020; 9:E1693. [PMID: 32679735 PMCID: PMC7407626 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are associated with the mechanisms of chemoresistance to different cytotoxic drugs or radiotherapy, as well as with tumor relapse and a poor prognosis. Various studies have shown that mitochondria play a central role in these processes because of the ability of this organelle to modify cell metabolism, allowing survival and avoiding apoptosis clearance of cancer cells. Thus, the whole mitochondrial cycle, from its biogenesis to its death, either by mitophagy or by apoptosis, can be targeted by different drugs to reduce mitochondrial fitness, allowing for a restored or increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Once mitochondrial misbalance is induced by a specific drug in any of the processes of mitochondrial metabolism, two elements are commonly boosted: an increment in reactive nitrogen/oxygen species and, subsequently, activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel García-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. de la Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Tran HC, Van Aken O. Mitochondrial unfolded protein-related responses across kingdoms: similar problems, different regulators. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:166-177. [PMID: 32502630 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key components of eukaryotic cells, so their proper functioning is monitored via different mitochondrial signalling responses. One of these mitochondria-to-nuclear 'retrograde' responses to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis is the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which can be activated by a variety of defects including blocking mitochondrial translation, respiration, protein import or transmembrane potential. Although UPRmt was first reported in cultured mammalian cells, this signalling pathway has also been extensively studied in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In yeast, there are no published studies focusing on UPRmt in a strict sense, but other unfolded protein responses (UPR) that appear related to UPRmt have been described, such as the UPR activated by protein mistargeting (UPRam) and mitochondrial compromised protein import response (mitoCPR). In plants, very little is known about UPRmt and only recently some of the regulators have been identified. In this paper, we summarise and compare the current knowledge of the UPRmt and related responses across eukaryotic kingdoms: animals, fungi and plants. Our comparison suggests that each kingdom has evolved its own specific set of regulators, however, the functional categories represented among UPRmt-related target genes appear to be largely overlapping. This indicates that the strategies for preserving proper mitochondrial functions are partially conserved, targeting mitochondrial chaperones, proteases, import components, dynamics and stress response, but likely also non-mitochondrial functions including growth regulators/hormone balance and amino acid metabolism. We also identify homologs of known UPRmt regulators and responsive genes across kingdoms, which may be interesting targets for future research.
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30
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Sirt4 Modulates Oxidative Metabolism and Sensitivity to Rapamycin Through Species-Dependent Phenotypes in Drosophila mtDNA Haplotypes. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:1599-1612. [PMID: 32152006 PMCID: PMC7202034 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The endosymbiotic theory proposes that eukaryotes evolved from the symbiotic relationship between anaerobic (host) and aerobic prokaryotes. Through iterative genetic transfers, the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes coevolved, establishing the mitochondria as the hub of oxidative metabolism. To study this coevolution, we disrupt mitochondrial-nuclear epistatic interactions by using strains that have mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) from evolutionarily divergent species. We undertake a multifaceted approach generating introgressed Drosophila strains containing D. simulans mtDNA and D. melanogaster nDNA with Sirtuin 4 (Sirt4)-knockouts. Sirt4 is a nuclear-encoded enzyme that functions, exclusively within the mitochondria, as a master regulator of oxidative metabolism. We exposed flies to the drug rapamycin in order to eliminate TOR signaling, thereby compromising the cytoplasmic crosstalk between the mitochondria and nucleus. Our results indicate that D. simulans and D. melanogaster mtDNA haplotypes display opposite Sirt4-mediated phenotypes in the regulation of whole-fly oxygen consumption. Moreover, our data reflect that the deletion of Sirt4 rescued the metabolic response to rapamycin among the introgressed strains. We propose that Sirt4 is a suitable candidate for studying the properties of mitochondrial-nuclear epistasis in modulating mitochondrial metabolism.
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Li Q, Bai D, Qin L, Shao M, Liu X, Zhang S, Yan C, Yu G, Hao J. Protective Effect of L-Hexaguluroic Acid Hexasodium Salt on UVA-Induced Photo-Aging in HaCaT Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1201. [PMID: 32054061 PMCID: PMC7072793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to show the α-L-Hexaguluroic acid hexasodium salt (G6) protective effect against UVA-induced photoaging of human keratinocyte cells. We found that G6 localized to the mitochondria and improved mitochondrial functions. G6 increased respiratory chain complex activities, which led to increased cellular ATP content and NAD+/NADH ratio. Thus, G6 alleviated the oxidative stress state in UVA-irradiated cells. Moreover, G6 can regulate the SIRT1/pGC-1α pathway, which enhanced the cells' viability and mitochondria energy metabolism. Notably, the anti-photoaging potential of G6 was directly associated with the increased level of MMP and SIRT1, which was followed by the upregulation of pGC-1α, D-LOOP, and Mt-TFA, and with the transcriptional activation of NRF1/NRF2. Taking all of the results together, we conclude that G6 could protect HaCaT cells from UVA-induced photo-aging via the regulation of mitochondria energy metabolism and its downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Donghui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Meng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chengxiu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
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The Regulatory Proteins Rtg1/3 Govern Sphingolipid Homeostasis in the Human-Associated Yeast Candida albicans. Cell Rep 2020; 30:620-629.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Cocetta V, Ragazzi E, Montopoli M. Mitochondrial Involvement in Cisplatin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143384. [PMID: 31295873 PMCID: PMC6678541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the worldwide anticancer drugs and, despite its toxicity and frequent recurrence of resistance phenomena, it still remains the only therapeutic option for several tumors. Circumventing cisplatin resistance remains, therefore, a major goal for clinical therapy and represents a challenge for scientific research. Recent studies have brought to light the fundamental role of mitochondria in onset, progression, and metastasis of cancer, as well as its importance in the resistance to chemotherapy. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the current knowledge about the implication of mitochondria in cisplatin resistance and on the recent development in this research field. Recent studies have highlighted the role of mitochondrial DNA alterations in onset of resistance phenomena, being related both to redox balance alterations and to signal crosstalk with the nucleus, allowing a rewiring of cell metabolism. Moreover, an important role of the mitochondrial dynamics in the adaptation mechanism of cancer cells to challenging environment has been revealed. Giving bioenergetic plasticity to tumor cells, mitochondria allow cells to evade death pathways in stressful conditions, including chemotherapy. So far, even if the central role of mitochondria is recognized, little is known about the specific mechanisms implicated in the resistance. Nevertheless, mitochondria appear to be promising pharmacological targets for overcoming cisplatin resistance, but further studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Cocetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Egidio Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Egidio Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Egidio Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy.
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy.
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Weidling I, Swerdlow RH. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Stress Responses in Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8020039. [PMID: 31083585 PMCID: PMC6627276 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients display widespread mitochondrial defects. Brain hypometabolism occurs alongside mitochondrial defects, and correlates well with cognitive decline. Numerous theories attempt to explain AD mitochondrial dysfunction. Groups propose AD mitochondrial defects stem from: (1) mitochondrial-nuclear DNA interactions/variations; (2) amyloid and neurofibrillary tangle interactions with mitochondria, and (3) mitochondrial quality control defects and oxidative damage. Cells respond to mitochondrial dysfunction through numerous retrograde responses including the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) involving eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). AD brains activate the ISR and we hypothesize mitochondrial defects may contribute to ISR activation. Here we review current recognized contributions of the mitochondria to AD, with an emphasis on their potential contribution to brain stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Weidling
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, KS 66205, USA.
- Department of Integrated and Molecular Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, KS 66205, USA.
- Department of Integrated and Molecular Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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35
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Abstract
Organismal aging is accompanied by a host of progressive metabolic alterations and an accumulation of senescent cells, along with functional decline and the appearance of multiple diseases. This implies that the metabolic features of cell senescence may contribute to the organism’s metabolic changes and be closely linked to age-associated diseases, especially metabolic syndromes. However, there is no clear understanding of senescent metabolic characteristics. Here, we review key metabolic features and regulators of cellular senescence, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction and anabolic deregulation, and their link to other senescence phenotypes and aging. We further discuss the mechanistic involvement of the metabolic regulators mTOR, AMPK, and GSK3, proposing them as key metabolic switches for modulating senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Mee Kwon
- Departments of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sun Mi Hong
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (BK21 Plus), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Young-Kyoung Lee
- Departments of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Seongki Min
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (BK21 Plus), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Gyesoon Yoon
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (BK21 Plus), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
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Ma Y, Moors A, Camougrand N, Dokudovskaya S. The SEACIT complex is involved in the maintenance of vacuole-mitochondria contact sites and controls mitophagy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1623-1640. [PMID: 30673821 PMCID: PMC11105764 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The major signaling pathway that regulates cell growth and metabolism is under the control of the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the SEA complex is one of the TORC1 upstream regulators involved in amino acid sensing and autophagy. Here, we performed analysis of the expression, interactions and localization of SEA complex proteins under different conditions, varying parameters such as sugar source, nitrogen availability and growth phase. Our results show that the SEA complex promotes mitochondria degradation either by mitophagy or by general autophagy. In addition, the SEACIT subcomplex is involved in the maintenance of the vacuole-mitochondria contact sites. Thus, the SEA complex appears to be an important link between the TORC1 pathway and regulation of mitochondria quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxing Ma
- CNRS, UMR 8126, Université Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexis Moors
- CNRS, UMR 8126, Université Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Nadine Camougrand
- CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1, rue Camille Saint-Saens, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, IBGC, 1, rue Camille Saint-Saens, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Svetlana Dokudovskaya
- CNRS, UMR 8126, Université Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France.
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37
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Mayorga L, Salassa BN, Marzese DM, Loos MA, Eiroa HD, Lubieniecki F, García Samartino C, Romano PS, Roqué M. Mitochondrial stress triggers a pro-survival response through epigenetic modifications of nuclear DNA. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1397-1417. [PMID: 30673822 PMCID: PMC11105675 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction represents an important cellular stressor and when intense and persistent cells must unleash an adaptive response to prevent their extinction. Furthermore, mitochondria can induce nuclear transcriptional changes and DNA methylation can modulate cellular responses to stress. We hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction could trigger an epigenetically mediated adaptive response through a distinct DNA methylation patterning. We studied cellular stress responses (i.e., apoptosis and autophagy) in mitochondrial dysfunction models. In addition, we explored nuclear DNA methylation in response to this stressor and its relevance in cell survival. Experiments in cultured human myoblasts revealed that intense mitochondrial dysfunction triggered a methylation-dependent pro-survival response. Assays done on mitochondrial disease patient tissues showed increased autophagy and enhanced DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes and pathways involved in cell survival regulation. In conclusion, mitochondrial dysfunction leads to a "pro-survival" adaptive state that seems to be triggered by the differential methylation of nuclear genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lía Mayorga
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET)-Centro Universitario UNCuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Betiana N Salassa
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET)-Centro Universitario UNCuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Odontología, Univeridad Nacional de Cuyo- Centro Universitario UNCuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Diego M Marzese
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, 2200 Santa Monica Boulevard, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Mariana A Loos
- Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881, 1245, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán D Eiroa
- Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881, 1245, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Lubieniecki
- Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881, 1245, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara García Samartino
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-Centro Universitario UNCuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Patricia S Romano
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET)-Centro Universitario UNCuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-Centro Universitario UNCuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Roqué
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET)-Centro Universitario UNCuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-Centro Universitario UNCuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
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38
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Mitochondrial Retrograde Signalling and Metabolic Alterations in the Tumour Microenvironment. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030275. [PMID: 30909478 PMCID: PMC6468901 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review explores the molecular mechanisms that may be responsible for mitochondrial retrograde signalling related metabolic reprogramming in cancer and host cells in the tumour microenvironment and provides a summary of recent updates with regard to the functional modulation of diverse cells in the tumour microenvironment.
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39
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Cardamone MD, Tanasa B, Cederquist CT, Huang J, Mahdaviani K, Li W, Rosenfeld MG, Liesa M, Perissi V. Mitochondrial Retrograde Signaling in Mammals Is Mediated by the Transcriptional Cofactor GPS2 via Direct Mitochondria-to-Nucleus Translocation. Mol Cell 2019; 69:757-772.e7. [PMID: 29499132 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As most of the mitochondrial proteome is encoded in the nucleus, mitochondrial functions critically depend on nuclear gene expression and bidirectional mito-nuclear communication. However, mitochondria-to-nucleus communication pathways in mammals are incompletely understood. Here, we identify G-Protein Pathway Suppressor 2 (GPS2) as a mediator of mitochondrial retrograde signaling and a transcriptional activator of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. GPS2-regulated translocation from mitochondria to nucleus is essential for the transcriptional activation of a nuclear stress response to mitochondrial depolarization and for supporting basal mitochondrial biogenesis in differentiating adipocytes and brown adipose tissue (BAT) from mice. In the nucleus, GPS2 recruitment to target gene promoters regulates histone H3K9 demethylation and RNA POL2 activation through inhibition of Ubc13-mediated ubiquitination. These findings, together, reveal an additional layer of regulation of mitochondrial gene transcription, uncover a direct mitochondria-nuclear communication pathway, and indicate that GPS2 retrograde signaling is a key component of the mitochondrial stress response in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dafne Cardamone
- Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Bogdan Tanasa
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carly T Cederquist
- Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jiawen Huang
- Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kiana Mahdaviani
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Wenbo Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Valentina Perissi
- Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Garcia C, Burgain A, Chaillot J, Pic É, Khemiri I, Sellam A. A phenotypic small-molecule screen identifies halogenated salicylanilides as inhibitors of fungal morphogenesis, biofilm formation and host cell invasion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11559. [PMID: 30068935 PMCID: PMC6070544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A poorly exploited paradigm in the antimicrobial therapy field is to target virulence traits for drug development. In contrast to target-focused approaches, antivirulence phenotypic screens enable identification of bioactive molecules that induce a desirable biological readout without making a priori assumption about the cellular target. Here, we screened a chemical library of 678 small molecules against the invasive hyphal growth of the human opportunistic yeast Candida albicans. We found that a halogenated salicylanilide (N1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide) and one of its analogs, Niclosamide, an FDA-approved anthelmintic in humans, exhibited both antifilamentation and antibiofilm activities against C. albicans and the multi-resistant yeast C. auris. The antivirulence activity of halogenated salicylanilides were also expanded to C. albicans resistant strains with different resistance mechanisms. We also found that Niclosamide protected the intestinal epithelial cells against invasion by C. albicans. Transcriptional profiling of C. albicans challenged with Niclosamide exhibited a signature that is characteristic of the mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde response. Our chemogenomic analysis showed that halogenated salicylanilides compromise the potential-dependant mitochondrial protein translocon machinery. Given the fact that the safety of Niclosamide is well established in humans, this molecule could represent the first clinically approved antivirulence agent against a pathogenic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Garcia
- CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUQ), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Anaïs Burgain
- CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUQ), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Chaillot
- CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUQ), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Émilie Pic
- CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUQ), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Inès Khemiri
- CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUQ), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Adnane Sellam
- CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUQ), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Big Data Research Centre (BDRC-UL), Université Laval, Faculty of Sciences and engineering, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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41
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The Mitochondrial Basis of Aging and Age-Related Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8120398. [PMID: 29257072 PMCID: PMC5748716 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural phenomenon characterized by progressive decline in tissue and organ function leading to increased risk of disease and mortality. Among diverse factors that contribute to human aging, the mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as one of the key hallmarks of aging process and is linked to the development of numerous age-related pathologies including metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Mitochondria are central in the regulation of energy and metabolic homeostasis, and harbor a complex quality control system that limits mitochondrial damage to ensure mitochondrial integrity and function. The intricate regulatory network that balances the generation of new and removal of damaged mitochondria forms the basis of aging and longevity. Here, I will review our current understanding on how mitochondrial functional decline contributes to aging, including the role of somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dynamics and quality control pathways. I will further discuss the emerging evidence on how dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of age-related disorders. Strategies aimed to enhance mitochondrial function by targeting mitochondrial dynamics, quality control, and mitohormesis pathways might promote healthy aging, protect against age-related diseases, and mediate longevity.
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Simulation of Cellular Energy Restriction in Quiescence (ERiQ)-A Theoretical Model for Aging. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6040044. [PMID: 29231906 PMCID: PMC5745449 DOI: 10.3390/biology6040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular responses to energy stress involve activation of pro-survival signaling nodes, compensation in regulatory pathways and adaptations in organelle function. Specifically, energy restriction in quiescent cells (ERiQ) through energetic perturbations causes adaptive changes in response to reduced ATP, NAD+ and NADP levels in a regulatory network spanned by AKT, NF-κB, p53 and mTOR. Based on the experimental ERiQ platform, we have constructed a minimalistic theoretical model consisting of feedback motifs that enable investigation of stress-signaling pathways. The computer simulations reveal responses to acute energetic perturbations, promoting cellular survival and recovery to homeostasis. We speculated that the very same stress mechanisms are activated during aging in post-mitotic cells. To test this hypothesis, we modified the model to be deficient in protein damage clearance and demonstrate the formation of energy stress. Contrasting the network’s pro-survival role in acute energetic challenges, conflicting responses in aging disrupt mitochondrial maintenance and contribute to a lockstep progression of decline when chronically activated. The model was analyzed by a local sensitivity analysis with respect to lifespan and makes predictions consistent with inhibitory and gain-of-function experiments in aging.
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43
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Choudhury AR, Singh KK. Mitochondrial determinants of cancer health disparities. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:125-146. [PMID: 28487205 PMCID: PMC5673596 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, which are multi-functional, have been implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis due to metabolic alterations in transformed cells. Mitochondria are involved in the generation of energy, cell growth and differentiation, cellular signaling, cell cycle control, and cell death. To date, the mitochondrial basis of cancer disparities is unknown. The goal of this review is to provide an understanding and a framework of mitochondrial determinants that may contribute to cancer disparities in racially different populations. Due to maternal inheritance and ethnic-based diversity, the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) contributes to inherited racial disparities. In people of African ancestry, several germline, population-specific haplotype variants in mtDNA as well as depletion of mtDNA have been linked to cancer predisposition and cancer disparities. Indeed, depletion of mtDNA and mutations in mtDNA or nuclear genome (nDNA)-encoded mitochondrial proteins lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and promote resistance to apoptosis, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastatic disease, all of which can contribute to cancer disparity and tumor aggressiveness related to racial disparities. Ethnic differences at the level of expression or genetic variations in nDNA encoding the mitochondrial proteome, including mitochondria-localized mtDNA replication and repair proteins, miRNA, transcription factors, kinases and phosphatases, and tumor suppressors and oncogenes may underlie susceptibility to high-risk and aggressive cancers found in African population and other ethnicities. The mitochondrial retrograde signaling that alters the expression profile of nuclear genes in response to dysfunctional mitochondria is a mechanism for tumorigenesis. In ethnic populations, differences in mitochondrial function may alter the cross talk between mitochondria and the nucleus at epigenetic and genetic levels, which can also contribute to cancer health disparities. Targeting mitochondrial determinants and mitochondrial retrograde signaling could provide a promising strategy for the development of selective anticancer therapy for dealing with cancer disparities. Further, agents that restore mitochondrial function to optimal levels should permit sensitivity to anticancer agents for the treatment of aggressive tumors that occur in racially diverse populations and hence help in reducing racial disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Departments of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Departments of Environmental Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Center for Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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44
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Hunt RJ, Bateman JM. Mitochondrial retrograde signaling in the nervous system. FEBS Lett 2017; 592:663-678. [PMID: 29086414 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria generate the majority of cellular ATP and are essential for neuronal function. Loss of mitochondrial activity leads to primary mitochondrial diseases and may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Mitochondria communicate with the cell through mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathways. These signaling pathways are triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction and allow the organelle to control nuclear gene transcription. Neuronal mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathways have been identified in disease model systems and targeted to restore neuronal function and prevent neurodegeneration. In this review, we describe yeast and mammalian cellular models that have paved the way in the investigation of mitochondrial retrograde mechanisms. We then discuss the evidence for retrograde signaling in neurons and our current knowledge of retrograde signaling mechanisms in neuronal model systems. We argue that targeting mitochondrial retrograde pathways has the potential to lead to novel treatments for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Hunt
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, UK
| | - Joseph M Bateman
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, UK
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45
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Weinhouse C. Mitochondrial-epigenetic crosstalk in environmental toxicology. Toxicology 2017; 391:5-17. [PMID: 28855114 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between the nuclear epigenome and mitochondria, both in normal physiological function and in responses to environmental toxicant exposures, is a developing sub-field of interest in environmental and molecular toxicology. The majority (∼99%) of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear genome, so programmed communication among nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial compartments is essential for maintaining cellular health. In this review, we will focus on correlative and mechanistic evidence for direct impacts of each system on the other, discuss demonstrated or potential crosstalk in the context of chemical insult, and highlight biological research questions for future study. We will first review the two main signaling systems: nuclear signaling to the mitochondria [anterograde signaling], best described in regulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial biogenesis in response to environmental signals received by the nucleus, and mitochondrial signals to the nucleus [retrograde signaling]. Both signaling systems can communicate intracellular energy needs or a need to compensate for dysfunction to maintain homeostasis, but both can also relay inappropriate signals in the presence of dysfunction in either system and contribute to adverse health outcomes. We will first review these two signaling systems and highlight known or biologically feasible epigenetic contributions to both, then briefly discuss the emerging field of epigenetic regulation of the mitochondrial genome, and finally discuss putative "crosstalk phenotypes", including biological phenomena, such as caloric restriction, maintenance of stemness, and circadian rhythm, and states of disease or loss of function, such as cancer and aging, in which both the nuclear epigenome and mitochondria are strongly implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Weinhouse
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States.
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46
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Jazwinski SM, Jiang JC, Kim S. Adaptation to metabolic dysfunction during aging: Making the best of a bad situation. Exp Gerontol 2017; 107:87-90. [PMID: 28760705 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in energy metabolism in the process of oxidative phosphorylation. As importantly, they are key in several anabolic processes, including amino acid biosynthesis, nucleotide biosynthesis, heme biosynthesis, and the formation of iron‑sulfur clusters. Mitochondria are also engaged in waste removal in the urea cycle. Their activity can lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species which have damaging effects in the cell. These organelles are dynamic, undergoing cycles of fission and fusion which can be coupled to their removal by mitophagy. In addition to these widely recognized processes, mitochondria communicate with other subcellular compartments. Various components of mitochondrial complexes are encoded by either the nuclear or the mitochondrial genome necessitating coordination between these two organelles. This article reviews another form of communication between the mitochondria and the nucleus, in which the dysfunction of the former triggers changes in the expression of nuclear genes to compensate for it. The most extensively studied of these signaling pathways is the retrograde response whose effectors and downstream targets have been characterized. This response extends yeast replicative lifespan by adapting the organism to the mitochondrial dysfunction. Similar responses have been found in several other organisms, including mammals. Declining health and function during human aging incurs energetic costs. This compensation plays out differently in males and females, and variation in nuclear genes whose products affect mitochondrial function influences the outcome. Thus, the theme of mitochondria-nucleus communication as an adaptive response during aging appears very widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Michal Jazwinski
- Tulane Center for Aging, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
| | - James C Jiang
- Tulane Center for Aging, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sangkyu Kim
- Tulane Center for Aging, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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47
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Yalamanchili N, Kriete A, Alfego D, Danowski KM, Kari C, Rodeck U. Distinct Cell Stress Responses Induced by ATP Restriction in Quiescent Human Fibroblasts. Front Genet 2016; 7:171. [PMID: 27757122 PMCID: PMC5047886 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescence is the prevailing state of many cell types under homeostatic conditions. Yet, surprisingly little is known about how quiescent cells respond to energetic and metabolic challenges. To better understand compensatory responses of quiescent cells to metabolic stress, we established, in human primary dermal fibroblasts, an experimental ‘energy restriction’ model. Quiescence was achieved by short-term culture in serum-deprived media and ATP supply restricted using a combination of glucose transport inhibitors and mitochondrial uncouplers. In aggregate, these measures led to markedly reduced intracellular ATP levels while not compromising cell viability over the observation period of 48 h. Analysis of the transcription factor (TF) landscape induced by this treatment revealed alterations in several signal transduction nodes beyond the expected biosynthetic adaptations. These included increased abundance of NF-κB regulated TFs and altered TF subsets regulated by Akt and p53. The observed changes in gene regulation and corresponding alterations in key signaling nodes are likely to contribute to cell survival at intracellular ATP concentrations substantially below those achieved by growth factor deprivation alone. This experimental model provides a benchmark for the investigation of cell survival pathways and related molecular targets that are associated with restricted energy supply associated with biological aging and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Yalamanchili
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Andres Kriete
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - David Alfego
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Kelli M Danowski
- Department of Dermatology, St. Joseph Mercy Health System, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA
| | - Csaba Kari
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Ulrich Rodeck
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, USA
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48
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Dakik P, Titorenko VI. Communications between Mitochondria, the Nucleus, Vacuoles, Peroxisomes, the Endoplasmic Reticulum, the Plasma Membrane, Lipid Droplets, and the Cytosol during Yeast Chronological Aging. Front Genet 2016; 7:177. [PMID: 27729926 PMCID: PMC5037234 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies employing the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism have provided deep insights into molecular mechanisms of cellular and organismal aging in multicellular eukaryotes and have demonstrated that the main features of biological aging are evolutionarily conserved. Aging in S. cerevisiae is studied by measuring replicative or chronological lifespan. Yeast replicative aging is likely to model aging of mitotically competent human cell types, while yeast chronological aging is believed to mimic aging of post-mitotic human cell types. Emergent evidence implies that various organelle-organelle and organelle-cytosol communications play essential roles in chronological aging of S. cerevisiae. The molecular mechanisms underlying the vital roles of intercompartmental communications in yeast chronological aging have begun to emerge. The scope of this review is to critically analyze recent progress in understanding such mechanisms. Our analysis suggests a model for how temporally and spatially coordinated movements of certain metabolites between various cellular compartments impact yeast chronological aging. In our model, diverse changes in these key metabolites are restricted to critical longevity-defining periods of chronological lifespan. In each of these periods, a limited set of proteins responds to such changes of the metabolites by altering the rate and efficiency of a certain cellular process essential for longevity regulation. Spatiotemporal dynamics of alterations in these longevity-defining cellular processes orchestrates the development and maintenance of a pro- or anti-aging cellular pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Dakik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University Montreal, PQ, Canada
| | - Vladimir I Titorenko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University Montreal, PQ, Canada
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49
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Oma1 Links Mitochondrial Protein Quality Control and TOR Signaling To Modulate Physiological Plasticity and Cellular Stress Responses. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2300-12. [PMID: 27325672 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00156-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A network of conserved proteases known as the intramitochondrial quality control (IMQC) system is central to mitochondrial protein homeostasis and cellular health. IMQC proteases also appear to participate in establishment of signaling cues for mitochondrion-to-nucleus communication. However, little is known about this process. Here, we show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, inactivation of the membrane-bound IMQC protease Oma1 interferes with oxidative-stress responses through enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during logarithmic growth and reduced stress signaling via the TORC1-Rim15-Msn2/Msn4 axis. Pharmacological or genetic prevention of ROS accumulation in Oma1-deficient cells restores this defective TOR signaling. Additionally, inactivation of the Oma1 ortholog in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans also alters TOR signaling and, unexpectedly, leads to increased resistance to neutrophil killing and virulence in the invertebrate animal model Galleria mellonella Our findings reveal a novel and evolutionarily conserved link between IMQC and TOR-mediated signaling that regulates physiological plasticity and pancellular oxidative-stress responses.
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Eisenberg-Bord M, Schuldiner M. Ground control to major TOM: mitochondria-nucleus communication. FEBS J 2016; 284:196-210. [PMID: 27283924 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have crucial functions in the cell, including ATP generation, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, nucleotide biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism. All of these functions require tight regulation on mitochondrial activity and homeostasis. As mitochondria biogenesis is controlled by the nucleus and almost all mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, a tight communication network between mitochondria and the nucleus has evolved, which includes signaling cascades, proteins which are dual-localized to the two compartments, and sensing of mitochondrial products by nuclear proteins. All of these enable a crosstalk between mitochondria and the nucleus that allows the 'ground control' to get information on mitochondria's status. Such information facilitates the creation of a cellular balance of mitochondrial status with energetic needs. This communication also allows a transcriptional response in case mitochondrial function is impaired aimed to restore mitochondrial homeostasis. As mitochondrial dysfunction is related to a growing number of genetic diseases as well as neurodegenerative conditions and aging, elucidating the mechanisms governing the mitochondrial/nuclear communication should progress a better understanding of mitochondrial dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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