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Haider AA, Rex TS, Wareham LK. cGMP Signaling in the Neurovascular Unit—Implications for Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival in Glaucoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111671. [PMID: 36421684 PMCID: PMC9687235 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive age-related disease of the visual system and the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Currently, intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor for the disease, but even as IOP is lowered, the pathology of the disease often progresses. Hence, effective clinical targets for the treatment of glaucoma remain elusive. Glaucoma shares comorbidities with a multitude of vascular diseases, and evidence in humans and animal models demonstrates an association between vascular dysfunction of the retina and glaucoma pathology. Integral to the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is functional neurovascular coupling (NVC), providing RGCs with metabolic support in response to neuronal activity. NVC is mediated by cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU), which include vascular cells, glial cells, and neurons. Nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) signaling is a prime mediator of NVC between endothelial cells and neurons, but emerging evidence suggests that cGMP signaling is also important in the physiology of other cells of the NVU. NO-cGMP signaling has been implicated in glaucomatous neurodegeneration in humans and mice. In this review, we explore the role of cGMP signaling in the different cell types of the NVU and investigate the potential links between cGMP signaling, breakdown of neurovascular function, and glaucoma pathology.
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Zhao G, Feng Y, Xue L, Cui M, Zhang Q, Xu F, Peng N, Jiang Z, Gao D, Zhang X. Anisotropic conductive reduced graphene oxide/silk matrices promote post-infarction myocardial function by restoring electrical integrity. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:190-203. [PMID: 33836222 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the leading cause of death globally, often leading to impaired cardiac function and pathological myocardial microenvironment. Electrical conduction abnormalities of the infarcted myocardium not only induce adverse myocardial remodeling but also prevent tissue repair. Restoring the myocardial electrical integrity, particularly the anisotropic electrical signal propagation within the injured area after infarction is crucial for an effective function recovery. Herein, optimized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) functionalized electrospun silk fibroin (rGO/silk) biomaterials presenting anisotropic conductivity and enhanced suturablity were developed and investigated as cardiac patches for their potential in improving the post-MI myocardial function of rat models. The results show that the anisotropic conductive rGO/silk patches exhibit remarkable therapeutic effect on repairing the infarcted myocardium compared to the nonconductive silk and isotropic conductive rGO/silk patches as determined by the enhanced pumping function, reduced susceptibility to arrhythmias, thickened left ventricular walls and improved survival of functional cardiomyocytes. Their notable effect on promoting the angiogenesis of capillaries in the infarcted myocardium has also been demonstrated. This study highlights an effective and biomimetic reconstruction of the electrical myocardial microenvironment based on the anisotropic conductive rGO/silk biomaterials as a promising option for promoting the repair of infarcted myocardium. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The dysfunctional electrical microenvironment in the infarcted myocardium not only aggravates the adverse myocardial remodeling but also limits the effect of cardiac regenerative medicine. Although various conductive biomaterials have been employed to restore the electrical network in the infarcted myocardium in vivo, the anisotropic nature of the myocardial electrical microenvironment which enables directional electrical signal propagation were neglected. In this study, an anisotropic conductive rGO/silk biomaterial system is developed to improve the myocardial function post infarction by restoring the anisotropic electrical microenvironment in the infarcted myocardium. The promoted effects of anisotropic conductive grafts on repairing infarcted hearts are demonstrated with improved pumping function, cardiomyocyte survival, resistance to ventricular fibrillation, and angiogenesis of capillary network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxu Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, PR China; School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yanjing Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Li Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Mengjie Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Niancai Peng
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Dengfeng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, PR China.
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Biological Functions of Diallyl Disulfide, a Garlic-Derived Natural Organic Sulfur Compound. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5103626. [PMID: 34745287 PMCID: PMC8570849 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Garlic is widely accepted as a functional food and an excellent source of pharmacologically active ingredients. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a major bioactive component of garlic, has several beneficial biological functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, and anticancer activities. This review systematically evaluated the biological functions of DADS and discussed the underlying molecular mechanisms of these functions. We hope that this review provides guidance and insight into the current literature and enables future research and the development of DADS for intervention and treatment of multiple diseases.
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Verma T, Sinha M, Bansal N, Yadav SR, Shah K, Chauhan NS. Plants Used as Antihypertensive. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:155-184. [PMID: 33174095 PMCID: PMC7981375 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a critical health problem and worse other cardiovascular diseases. It is mainly of two types: Primary or essential hypertension and Secondary hypertension. Hypertension is the primary possibility feature for coronary heart disease, stroke and renal vascular disease. Herbal medicines have been used for millions of years for the management and treatment of hypertension with minimum side effects. Over aim to write this review is to collect information on the anti-hypertensive effects of natural herbs in animal studies and human involvement as well as to recapitulate the underlying mechanisms, from the bottom of cell culture and ex-vivo tissue data. According to WHO, natural herbs/shrubs are widely used in increasing order to treat almost all the ailments of the human body. Plants are the regular industrial units for the invention of chemical constituents, they used as immunity booster to enhance the natural capacity of the body to fight against different health problems as well as herbal medicines and food products also. Eighty percent population of the world (around 5.6 billion people) consume medicines from natural plants for major health concerns. This review provides a bird's eye analysis primarily on the traditional utilization, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological values of medicinal herbs used to normalize hypertension i.e. Hibiscus sabdariffa, Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Apium graveolens, Bidenspilosa, Camellia sinensis, Coptis chinensis, Coriandrum sativum, Crataegus spp., Crocus sativus, Cymbopogon citrates, Nigella sativa, Panax ginseng,Salviaemiltiorrhizae, Zingiber officinale, Tribulus terrestris, Rauwolfiaserpentina, Terminalia arjuna etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarawanti Verma
- I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University (IKGPTU), Jalandhar, Punjab India
| | - Manish Sinha
- Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jwalamukhi, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, BELA, Ropar, Punjab India
| | - Shyam Raj Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, S.P. Jain College (Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara), Sasaram, Bihar India
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, NH#2, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406 India
| | - Nagendra Singh Chauhan
- Drugs Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan Kendra, 1st Floor Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital Building, Govt. Ayurvedic College Campus G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010 India
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Abstract
Of the 21 members of the connexin family, 4 (Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45) are expressed in the endothelium and/or smooth muscle of intact blood vessels to a variable and dynamically regulated degree. Full-length connexins oligomerize and form channel structures connecting the cytosol of adjacent cells (gap junctions) or the cytosol with the extracellular space (hemichannels). The different connexins vary mainly with regard to length and sequence of their cytosolic COOH-terminal tails. These COOH-terminal parts, which in the case of Cx43 are also translated as independent short isoforms, are involved in various cellular signaling cascades and regulate cell functions. This review focuses on channel-dependent and -independent effects of connexins in vascular cells. Channels play an essential role in coordinating and synchronizing endothelial and smooth muscle activity and in their interplay, in the control of vasomotor actions of blood vessels including endothelial cell reactivity to agonist stimulation, nitric oxide-dependent dilation, and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor-type responses. Further channel-dependent and -independent roles of connexins in blood vessel function range from basic processes of vascular remodeling and angiogenesis to vascular permeability and interactions with leukocytes with the vessel wall. Together, these connexin functions constitute an often underestimated basis for the enormous plasticity of vascular morphology and function enabling the required dynamic adaptation of the vascular system to varying tissue demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pohl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Biomedical Centre, Cardiovascular Physiology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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Centner AM, Bhide PG, Salazar G. Nicotine in Senescence and Atherosclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:E1035. [PMID: 32331221 PMCID: PMC7226537 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a known exacerbator of age-related pathologies, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), atherosclerosis, and cellular aging (senescence). However, the role of nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine is yet to be elucidated. Considering the growing amount of nicotine-containing aerosol use in recent years, the role of nicotine is a relevant public health concern. A number of recent studies and health education sites have focused on nicotine aerosol-induced adverse lung function, and neglected cardiovascular (CV) impairments and diseases. A critical review of the present scientific literature leads to the hypothesis that nicotine mediates the effects of cigarette smoke in the CV system by increasing MAPK signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress through NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), to induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence. The accumulation of senescent VSMCs in the lesion cap is detrimental as it increases the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by promoting an unstable plaque phenotype. Therefore, nicotine, and most likely its metabolite cotinine, adversely influence atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Centner
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Scinces, 120 Convocation Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Pradeep G. Bhide
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, FSU College of Medicine, 1115, West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Scinces, 120 Convocation Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Yang L, Yan J, Zhang JA, Zhou XH, Fang C, Zeng EM, Tang B, Duan J, Lu GH, Hong T. The important role of connexin 43 in subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm. J Transl Med 2019; 17:433. [PMID: 31888653 PMCID: PMC6936071 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gap junctions are involved in the development of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the specific roles and regulatory functions of related connexin isoforms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of connexin 43 (Cx43) in CVS and determine whether Cx43 alterations are modulated via the protein kinase C (PKC) signaling transduction pathway. Methods Oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb)-induced smooth muscle cells of basilar arterial and second-injection model in rat were used as CVS models in vitro and in vivo. In addition, dye transfer assays were used for gap junction-mediated intercellular communication (GJIC) observation in vitro and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) was observed in vivo by perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) and intravital fluorescence microscopy. Results Increase in Cx43 mediated the development of SAH-induced CVS was found in both in vitro and in vivo CVS models. Enhanced GJIC was observed in vitro CVS model, this effect and increased Cx43 were reversed by preincubation with specific PKC inhibitors (chelerythrine or GF 109203X). DCI was observed in vivo on day 7 after SAH. However, DCI was attenuated by pretreatment with Cx43 siRNA or PKC inhibitors, and the increased Cx43 expression in vivo was also reversed by Cx43 siRNA or PKC inhibitors. Conclusions These data provide strong evidence that Cx43 plays an important role in CVS and indicate that changes in Cx43 expression may be mediated by the PKC pathway. The current findings suggest that Cx43 and the PKC pathway are novel targets for developing treatments for SAH-induced CVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, China
| | - Jin-An Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin-Hui Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, China
| | - Er-Ming Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, China
| | - Guo-Hui Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, China.
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8
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Closer to Nature Through Dynamic Culture Systems. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090942. [PMID: 31438519 PMCID: PMC6769584 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanics in the human body are required for normal cell function at a molecular level. It is now clear that mechanical stimulations play significant roles in cell growth, differentiation, and migration in normal and diseased cells. Recent studies have led to the discovery that normal and cancer cells have different mechanosensing properties. Here, we discuss the application and the physiological and pathological meaning of mechanical stimulations. To reveal the optimal conditions for mimicking an in vivo microenvironment, we must, therefore, discern the mechanotransduction occurring in cells.
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Gap Junction Intercellular Communication in the Carcinogenesis Hallmarks: Is This a Phenomenon or Epiphenomenon? Cells 2019; 8:cells8080896. [PMID: 31416286 PMCID: PMC6721698 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
If occupational tumors are excluded, cancer causes are largely unknown. Therefore, it appeared useful to work out a theory explaining the complexity of this disease. More than fifty years ago the first demonstration that cells communicate with each other by exchanging ions or small molecules through the participation of connexins (Cxs) forming Gap Junctions (GJs) occurred. Then the involvement of GJ Intercellular Communication (GJIC) in numerous physiological cellular functions, especially in proliferation control, was proven and accounts for the growing attention elicited in the field of carcinogenesis. The aim of the present paper is to verify and discuss the role of Cxs, GJs, and GJIC in cancer hallmarks, pointing on the different involved mechanisms in the context of the multi-step theory of carcinogenesis. Functional GJIC acts both as a tumor suppressor and as a tumor enhancer in the metastatic stage. On the contrary, lost or non-functional GJs allow the uncontrolled proliferation of stem/progenitor initiated cells. Thus, GJIC plays a key role in many biological phenomena or epiphenomena related to cancer. Depending on this complexity, GJIC can be considered a tumor suppressor in controlling cell proliferation or a cancer ally, with possible preventive or therapeutic implications in both cases.
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Li Q, Liao C, Xu W, Li G, Hong K, Cheng X, Li J. Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D (XPD) Inhibits the Proliferation Cycle of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell (VSMC) by Activating Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β). Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5951-5959. [PMID: 30146633 PMCID: PMC6122044 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VSMC proliferation plays a key role in atherosclerosis, but the role of XPD in VSMC proliferation remains unknown. We investigated the expression of XPD, which is involved in cell cycle regulation, and its role in VSMC proliferation response to atherogenic stimuli. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human umbilical vein VSMCs were transfected with recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N2/XPD and pEGFP-N2 and incubated with PDGF-BB in vitro. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The expressions of XPD, GSK3β, p-GSK3β, CDK4, and cyclin D1 protein were detected by Western blot analysis. Cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS PDGF inhibited the expression of XPD in VSMCs and promoted VSMC proliferation. Overexpression of XPD significantly augmented cell cycle arrest, and attenuated protein expression levels of CDK4 and cyclin D1 in VSMCs. XPD overexpression suppressed the effects of PDGF-BB in promoting G1/S transition and accelerating protein expression levels of CDK4 and cyclin D1. XPD diminished the phosphorylation of GSK3β, and SB216763 inhibited the reduction effect of XPD on CDK4 and cyclin D1. CONCLUSIONS XPD induces VSMC cell cycle arrest, and the activation of GSK3β plays a crucial role in inhibitory effect of XPD on VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland).,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chunyao Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Genlin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Juxiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
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Ampey BC, Ampey AC, Lopez GE, Bird IM, Magness RR. Cyclic Nucleotides Differentially Regulate Cx43 Gap Junction Function in Uterine Artery Endothelial Cells From Pregnant Ewes. Hypertension 2017; 70:401-411. [PMID: 28559397 PMCID: PMC5507815 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Cell–cell communication is dependent on GJ (gap junction) proteins such as Cx43 (connexin 43). We previously demonstrated the importance of Cx43 function in establishing the enhanced pregnancy vasodilatory phenotype during pregnancy in uterine artery endothelial cells from pregnant (P-UAEC) ewes. Cx43 is regulated by elevating cAMP and PKA (protein kinase A)–dependent Cx43 S365 phosphorylation–associated trafficking and GJ open gating, which is opposed by PKC (protein kinase C)–dependent S368 phosphorylation-mediated GJ turnover and closed gating. However, the role of cyclic nucleotide-mediated signaling mechanisms that control Cx43 and GJ function in P-UAECs is unknown. We hypothesize that cAMP will mediate increases in S365 phosphorylation, thereby, enhancing GJ trafficking and open gating, while cGMP will stimulate S368, but not S365, phosphorylation to enhance GJ turnover and closed gating in P-UAECs. Treatment with 8-Bromo (8-Br)-cAMP signal significantly (P<0.05) increased nonphosphorylated S365 signal and total Cx43 phosphorylation, but not S368 phosphorylation, while 8-Br-cGMP significantly (P<0.05) increased Cx43 C-terminus-S365 signal, S368, and total Cx43 phosphorylation. Inhibition of PKA, but not PKG (protein kinase G), abrogated the 8-Br-cAMP–stimulated increase in nonphosphorylated S365 and total Cx43 phosphorylation and inhibited S368 below basal levels, whereas inhibition of PKG blocked (P<0.05) the 8-bromo-cGMP-stimulated rises in nonphosphorylated S365, total Cx43, and S368 phosphorylation levels in P-UAECs. Functional studies showed that 8-Br-cAMP increased dye transfer and sustained calcium bursts, while 8-Br-cGMP decreased both. Thus, in P-UAECs, only 8-Br-cAMP and not 8-Br-cGMP effectively enhances nonphosphorylated S365 and total Cx43 expression that correspondingly reduces S368 phosphorylation, allowing increased GJ communication. This provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms behind Cx43 function and GJ communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C Ampey
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Labs University of Wisconsin, Madison (B.C.A., A.C.A., G.E.L., I.M.B., R.R.M.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Center Tampa, University of South Florida, (R.R.M.)
| | - Amanda C Ampey
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Labs University of Wisconsin, Madison (B.C.A., A.C.A., G.E.L., I.M.B., R.R.M.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Center Tampa, University of South Florida, (R.R.M.)
| | - Gladys E Lopez
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Labs University of Wisconsin, Madison (B.C.A., A.C.A., G.E.L., I.M.B., R.R.M.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Center Tampa, University of South Florida, (R.R.M.)
| | - Ian M Bird
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Labs University of Wisconsin, Madison (B.C.A., A.C.A., G.E.L., I.M.B., R.R.M.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Center Tampa, University of South Florida, (R.R.M.)
| | - Ronald R Magness
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Labs University of Wisconsin, Madison (B.C.A., A.C.A., G.E.L., I.M.B., R.R.M.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Center Tampa, University of South Florida, (R.R.M.).
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12
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Li H, Xiang Y, Fan LJ, Zhang XY, Li JP, Yu CX, Bao LY, Cao DS, Xing WB, Liao XH, Zhang TC. Myocardin inhibited the gap protein connexin 43 via promoted miR-206 to regulate vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch. Gene 2017; 616:22-30. [PMID: 28342807 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardin is regarded as a key mediator for the change of smooth muscle phenotype. The gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) has been shown to be involved in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and the development of atherosclerosis. However, the role of myocardin on gap junction of cell communication and the relation between myocardin and Cx43 in VSMC phenotypic switch has not been investigated. The goal of the present study is to investigate the molecular mechanism by which myocardin affects Cx43-regulated VSMC proliferation. Data presented in this study demonstrated that inhibition of the Cx43 activation process impaired VSMC proliferation. On the other hand, overexpression miR-206 inhibited VSMC proliferation. In additon, miR-206 silences the expression of Cx43 via targeting Cx43 3' Untranslated Regions. Importantly, myocardin can significantly promote the expression of miR-206. Cx43 regulates VSMCs' proliferation and metastasis through miR-206, which could be promoted by myocardin and used as a marker for diagnosis and a target for therapeutic intervention. Thus myocardin affected the gap junction by inhibited Cx43 and myocardin-miR-206-Cx43 formed a loop to regulate VSMC phenotypic switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China
| | - Yuan Xiang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China
| | - Li-Juan Fan
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China
| | - Jia-Peng Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China
| | - Cheng-Xi Yu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China
| | - Le-Yuan Bao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China
| | - Dong-Sun Cao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China
| | - Wei-Bing Xing
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China
| | - Xing-Hua Liao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300457, PR China.
| | - Tong-Cun Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300457, PR China.
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13
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Sun W, Huang Y, Yin T, Wang J, Du R, Qiu J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Wang G. Effects of elemene on inhibiting proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and promoting reendothelialization at the stent implantation site. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:1144-1155. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00190h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Elemene coated stents prepared by electrospray could inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and promote endothelialization after implantation into rabbit iliac arteries.
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Al Disi SS, Anwar MA, Eid AH. Anti-hypertensive Herbs and their Mechanisms of Action: Part I. Front Pharmacol 2016; 6:323. [PMID: 26834637 PMCID: PMC4717468 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of herbal therapies for treatment and management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is increasing. Plants contain a bounty of phytochemicals that have proven to be protective by reducing the risk of various ailments and diseases. Indeed, accumulating literature provides the scientific evidence and hence reason d'etre for the application of herbal therapy in relation to CVDs. Slowly, but absolutely, herbal remedies are being entrenched into evidence-based medical practice. This is partly due to the supporting clinical trials and epidemiological studies. The rationale for this expanding interest and use of plant based treatments being that a significant proportion of hypertensive patients do not respond to Modern therapeutic medication. Other elements to this equation are the cost of medication, side-effects, accessibility, and availability of drugs. Therefore, we believe it is pertinent to review the literature on the beneficial effects of herbs and their isolated compounds as medication for treatment of hypertension, a prevalent risk factor for CVDs. Our search utilized the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, and the criterion for inclusion was based on the following keywords and phrases: hypertension, high blood pressure, herbal medicine, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), nitric oxide, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, hydrogen sulfide, nuclear factor kappa-B, oxidative stress, and epigenetics/epigenomics. Each of the aforementioned keywords was co-joined with herb in question, and where possible with its constituent molecule(s). In this first of a two-part review, we provide a brief introduction of hypertension, followed by a discussion of the molecular and cellular mechanisms. We then present and discuss the plants that are most commonly used in the treatment and management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S. Al Disi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar UniversityDoha, Qatar
| | - M. Akhtar Anwar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar UniversityDoha, Qatar
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar UniversityDoha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon
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Yiqihuoxuejiedu Formula Restrains Vascular Remodeling by Reducing the Inflammation Reaction and Cx43 Expression in the Adventitia after Balloon Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:904273. [PMID: 26557868 PMCID: PMC4629035 DOI: 10.1155/2015/904273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is closely related to hypertension, atherosclerosis, and restenosis after PCI. Considerable evidence indicates that the activation and proliferation of adventitial fibroblasts play key roles in vessel injury. The inflammatory response and high expression of connexins contribute to adventitial remodeling. Therefore, reducing inflammation reaction and connexins expression in adventitia may become a new target to prevent vascular remodeling. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula, composed of TCM therapeutic principle of supplementing qi, activating blood and detoxification, can inhibit restenosis after intimal injury. To further investigate the effect of Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula on inflammation and connexins, we established a carotid artery injury model. In model rats, hyperplasia in the intima was mild but obvious in the adventitia; CRP heightened; expressions of MCP-1, CD68, and Cx43 increased. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula relieved intimal hyperplasia and adventitial area, obviously diminished the expressions of CD68 and Cx43 in the adventitia, and reduced CRP but did not lower MCP-1. These results indicated that Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula inhibited vascular remodeling especially adventitial hyperplasia by reducing the inflammation reaction including lowering macrophages infiltration and systemic nonspecific inflammatory response and also restraining gap junction connexins leading to less communication among cells. This study provides new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of vascular remodeling.
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Hu W, Wang M, Yin H, Yao C, He Q, Yin L, Zhang C, Li W, Chang G, Wang S. MicroRNA-1298 is regulated by DNA methylation and affects vascular smooth muscle cell function by targeting connexin 43. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:534-45. [PMID: 26025955 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Growing evidence links microRNA to the process of peripheral vascular disease. Recently, we have found that microRNA-1298(miR-1298) is one of the most significantly down-regulated microRNAs in human arteries with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) of the lower extremities. However, little is known regarding its role in the process of ASO. The present study aimed to investigate the expression, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of miR-1298 in the process of ASO. METHODS AND RESULTS Using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR and in situ hybridization assays, miR-1298 was observed predominantly expressed in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and was significantly down-regulated in ASO compared with normal arteries. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that the miR-1298 DNA upstream of CpG sites were hypermethylated in ASO compared with normal arteries. Next, the luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-1298 down-regulation is related with upstream DNA CpG site hypermethylation. Introducing a miR-1298 mimic into cultured VSMCs significantly attenuated cell proliferation and migration. Connexin 43 (Cx43) was validated to be a functional target of miR-1298 that was involved in the miR-1298-mediated cellular effects. Finally, lentivirus-mediated delivery of miR-1298 and its target Cx43 into a rat carotid balloon injury model indicated that re-overexpression of miR-1298 significantly decreased neointimal formation by targeting connexin 43. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate a specific role of the upstream DNA methylation/miR-1298/Cx43 pathway in regulating VSMC function and suggest that modulation of miR-1298 levels may offer a novel therapeutic approach for ASO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The Guangdong Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The Vascular Surgical Disease Research Center of Guangdong Province, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong Shan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Mian Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The Guangdong Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The Vascular Surgical Disease Research Center of Guangdong Province, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong Shan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Henghui Yin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The Guangdong Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The Vascular Surgical Disease Research Center of Guangdong Province, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong Shan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Chen Yao
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The Guangdong Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The Vascular Surgical Disease Research Center of Guangdong Province, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong Shan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Qiong He
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leping Yin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangqi Chang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The Guangdong Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The Vascular Surgical Disease Research Center of Guangdong Province, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong Shan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shenming Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The Guangdong Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The Vascular Surgical Disease Research Center of Guangdong Province, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong Shan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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17
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Kurtenbach S, Kurtenbach S, Zoidl G. Gap junction modulation and its implications for heart function. Front Physiol 2014; 5:82. [PMID: 24578694 PMCID: PMC3936571 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gap junction communication (GJC) mediated by connexins is critical for heart function. To gain insight into the causal relationship of molecular mechanisms of disease pathology, it is important to understand which mechanisms contribute to impairment of gap junctional communication. Here, we present an update on the known modulators of connexins, including various interaction partners, kinases, and signaling cascades. This gap junction network (GJN) can serve as a blueprint for data mining approaches exploring the growing number of publicly available data sets from experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kurtenbach
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Kurtenbach
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Georg Zoidl
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University Toronto, ON, Canada ; Center for Vision Research, York University Toronto, ON, Canada
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Stone JD, Narine A, Shaver PR, Fox JC, Vuncannon JR, Tulis DA. AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and vascular remodeling following injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012. [PMID: 23203966 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00446.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation promotes a synthetic phenotype that underlies many vessel growth disorders. In this regard it has been suggested that the metabolic sensor adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has significant antigrowth and antimetastatic properties and may serve as a viable therapeutic target. In the current study we hypothesized that AMPK reduces neointima formation following balloon injury and that this occurs through reduction in VSMC proliferation and migration. Data reveal that local or systemic dosing with the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) significantly increased AMPK activity in vivo and inhibited neointima formation in rat carotid arteries 2 wk after injury. In primary VSMCs, AICAR inhibited migration and induced cytostatic growth arrest through increased protein phosphatase 2A-mediated inhibition of mitosis-promoting cyclin B. AICAR also significantly enhanced AMPK-specific T278 phosphorylation of the actin anticapping vasodilator-activated serum phosphoprotein, increased G- to F-actin ratios and stress fiber formation, and abrogated PDGF-stimulated S397 autophosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, promigratory cytoplasmic accumulation of paxillin, and extracellular matrix proteolysis by matrix metalloproteinase-9. Together, these results provide compelling evidence that AMPK serves to inhibit vascular smooth muscle migration and proliferation through regulation of cytoskeletal/focal adhesion/ECM stability, increasing our knowledge of this important metabolic regulator and providing support for its continued investigation in the treatment of vascular growth disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Stone
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA
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Stone JD, Narine A, Tulis DA. Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle growth via signaling crosstalk between AMP-activated protein kinase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Front Physiol 2012; 3:409. [PMID: 23112775 PMCID: PMC3482697 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal vascular smooth muscle (VSM) growth is central in the pathophysiology of vascular disease yet fully effective therapies to curb this growth are lacking. Recent findings from our lab and others support growth control of VSM by adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-based approaches including the metabolic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Molecular crosstalk between AMPK and PKA has been previously suggested, yet the extent to which this occurs and its biological significance in VSM remain unclear. Considering their common AMP backbone and similar signaling characteristics, we hypothesized that crosstalk exists between AMPK and PKA in the regulation of VSM growth. Using rat primary VSM cells (VSMC), the AMPK agonist AICAR increased AMPK activity and phosphorylation of the catalytic Thr172 site on AMPK. Interestingly, AICAR also phosphorylated a suspected PKA-inhibitory Ser485 site on AMPK, and these cumulative events were reversed by the PKA inhibitor PKI suggesting possible PKA-mediated regulation of AMPK. AICAR also increased PKA activity in a reversible fashion. The cAMP stimulator forskolin increased PKA activity and completely ameliorated Ser/Thr protein phosphatase-2C activity, suggesting a potential mechanism of AMPK modulation by PKA since inhibition of PKA by PKI reduced AMPK activity. Functionally, AMPK inhibited serum-stimulated cell cycle progression and cellular proliferation; however, PKA failed to do so. Moreover, AMPK and PKA reduced PDGF-β-stimulated VSMC migration. Collectively, these results show that AMPK is capable of reducing VSM growth in both anti-proliferative and anti-migratory fashion. Furthermore, these data suggest that AMPK may be modulated by PKA and that positive feedback may exist between these two systems. These findings reveal a discrete nexus between AMPK and PKA in VSM and provide basis for metabolically-directed targets in reducing pathologic VSM growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Stone
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
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High-dose insulin inhibits gap junction intercellular communication in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Med Rep 2012; 12:331-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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