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Drews HJ, Felletti F, Kallestad H, Drews A, Scott J, Sand T, Engstrøm M, Heglum HSA, Vethe D, Salvesen Ø, Langsrud K, Morken G, Wallot S. Using cross-recurrence quantification analysis to compute similarity measures for time series of unequal length with applications to sleep stage analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:23142. [PMID: 39367077 PMCID: PMC11452724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Comparing time series of unequal length requires data processing procedures that may introduce biases. This article describes, validates, and applies Cross-Recurrence Quantification Analysis (CRQA) to detect and quantify correlation and coupling among time series of unequal length without prior data processing. We illustrate and validate this application using continuous and discrete data from a model system (study 1). Then we use the method to re-analyze the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS), a rare large dataset comprising detailed physiological sleep measurements acquired by in-home polysomnography. We investigate whether recurrence patterns of ultradian NREM/REM sleep cycles (USC) predict mortality (study 2). CRQA exhibits better performance compared with traditional approaches that require trimming, stretching or compression to bring two time series to the same length. Application to the SHHS indicates that recurrence patterns linked to stability of USCs are associated with all-cause mortality even after controlling for other sleep parameters, health, and sociodemographics. We suggest that CRQA is a useful tool for analyzing categorical time series, where the underlying structure of the data is unlikely to result in matching data points-such as ultradian sleep cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Johannes Drews
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Flavia Felletti
- Institute for Sustainability Education and Psychology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Håvard Kallestad
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Annika Drews
- , Copenhagen, Denmark
- Independent researcher, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Scott
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Trond Sand
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten Engstrøm
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne Siri Amdahl Heglum
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Daniel Vethe
- Department of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øyvind Salvesen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Knut Langsrud
- Department of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gunnar Morken
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sebastian Wallot
- Institute for Sustainability Education and Psychology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
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2
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Sharika KM, Thaikkandi S, Nivedita, Platt ML. Interpersonal heart rate synchrony predicts effective information processing in a naturalistic group decision-making task. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313801121. [PMID: 38753509 PMCID: PMC11127007 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313801121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Groups often outperform individuals in problem-solving. Nevertheless, failure to critically evaluate ideas risks suboptimal outcomes through so-called groupthink. Prior studies have shown that people who hold shared goals, perspectives, or understanding of the environment show similar patterns of brain activity, which itself can be enhanced by consensus-building discussions. Whether shared arousal alone can predict collective decision-making outcomes, however, remains unknown. To address this gap, we computed interpersonal heart rate synchrony, a peripheral index of shared arousal associated with joint attention, empathic accuracy, and group cohesion, in 44 groups (n = 204) performing a collective decision-making task. The task required critical examination of all available information to override inferior, default options and make the right choice. Using multidimensional recurrence quantification analysis (MdRQA) and machine learning, we found that heart rate synchrony predicted the probability of groups reaching the correct consensus decision with >70% cross-validation accuracy-significantly higher than that predicted by the duration of discussions, subjective assessment of team function or baseline heart rates alone. We propose that heart rate synchrony during group discussion provides a biomarker of interpersonal engagement that facilitates adaptive learning and effective information sharing during collective decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Sharika
- Department of Cognitive Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh208016, India
| | - Swarag Thaikkandi
- Department of Cognitive Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh208016, India
| | - Nivedita
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh208016, India
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L. Platt
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Marketing Department, Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
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3
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Baranowski-Pinto G, Profeta VLS, Newson M, Whitehouse H, Xygalatas D. Being in a crowd bonds people via physiological synchrony. Sci Rep 2022; 12:613. [PMID: 35022461 PMCID: PMC8755740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective events can generate intense emotions, shape group identities, and forge strong bonds. Do these effects extend to remote participation, and what are the psychological mechanisms underpinning their social power? We monitored psycho-physiological activity among groups of basketball fans who either attended games in-person (in a stadium) or watched games live on television in small groups. In-person attendance was associated with greater synchronicity in autonomic nervous system activation at the group level, which resulted in more transformative experiences and contributed to stronger identity fusion. Our findings suggest that the social effects of sports depend substantially on the inter-personal dynamics unfolding among fans, rather than being prompted simply by watching the game itself. Given the increasing prevalence of virtual experiences, this has potentially wide-reaching implications for many domains of collective human interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V L S Profeta
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M Newson
- University of Kent, Kent, UK.,Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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4
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Hörning M, Bullmann T, Shibata T. Local Membrane Curvature Pins and Guides Excitable Membrane Waves in Chemotactic and Macropinocytic Cells - Biomedical Insights From an Innovative Simple Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:670943. [PMID: 34604207 PMCID: PMC8479871 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.670943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PIP3 dynamics observed in membranes are responsible for the protruding edge formation in cancer and amoeboid cells. The mechanisms that maintain those PIP3 domains in three-dimensional space remain elusive, due to limitations in observation and analysis techniques. Recently, a strong relation between the cell geometry, the spatial confinement of the membrane, and the excitable signal transduction system has been revealed by Hörning and Shibata (2019) using a novel 3D spatiotemporal analysis methodology that enables the study of membrane signaling on the entire membrane (Hörning and Shibata, 2019). Here, using 3D spatial fluctuation and phase map analysis on actin polymerization inhibited Dictyostelium cells, we reveal a spatial asymmetry of PIP3 signaling on the membrane that is mediated by the contact perimeter of the plasma membrane — the spatial boundary around the cell-substrate adhered area on the plasma membrane. We show that the contact perimeter guides PIP3 waves and acts as a pinning site of PIP3 phase singularities, that is, the center point of spiral waves. The contact perimeter serves as a diffusion influencing boundary that is regulated by a cell size- and shape-dependent curvature. Our findings suggest an underlying mechanism that explains how local curvature can favor actin polymerization when PIP3 domains get pinned at the curved protrusive membrane edges in amoeboid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Hörning
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Laboratory for Physical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Torsten Bullmann
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tatsuo Shibata
- Laboratory for Physical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
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Gordon I, Wallot S, Berson Y. Group-level physiological synchrony and individual-level anxiety predict positive affective behaviors during a group decision-making task. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13857. [PMID: 34096065 PMCID: PMC9286561 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Joint performance can lead to the synchronization of physiological processes among group members during a shared task. Recently, it has been shown that synchronization is indicative of subjective ratings of group processes and task performance. However, different methods have been used to quantify synchronization, and little is known about the effects of the choice of method and level of analysis (individuals, dyads, or triads) on the results. In this study, participants performed a decision‐making task in groups of three while physiological signals (heart rate and electrodermal activity), positive affective behavior, and personality traits were measured. First, we investigated the effects of different levels of analysis of physiological synchrony on affective behavior. We computed synchrony measures as (a) individual contributions to group synchrony, (b) the average dyadic synchrony within a group, and (c) group‐level synchrony. Second, we assessed the association between physiological synchrony and positive affective behavior. Third, we investigated the moderating effects of trait anxiety and social phobia on behavior. We discovered that the effects of physiological synchrony on positive affective behavior were particularly strong at the group level but nonsignificant at the individual and dyadic levels. Moreover, we found that heart rate and electrodermal synchronization showed opposite effects on group members' display of affective behavior. Finally, trait anxiety moderated the relationship between physiological synchrony and affective behavior, perhaps due to social uncertainty, while social phobia did not have a moderating effect. We discuss these results regarding the role of different physiological signals and task demands during joint action. Impact Statement Despite the inherent multilevel structure of groups, little is known regarding how physiological coupling between group members relates to their behaviors during joint group tasks at multiple levels (individual, dyadic, and group). We showed that the relationship between physiological synchrony and smiling/laughing behaviors made by group members were particularly strong at the group level but nonsignificant at the individual and dyadic levels. By using innovative quantification methods—Multidimensional Recurrence Quantification Analysis—we highlight the importance of modeling data in a way that allows for multilevel considerations within groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilanit Gordon
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sebastian Wallot
- Institute of Psychology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yair Berson
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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6
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Gao L, Gaba A, Cui L, Yang HW, Saxena R, Scheer FAJL, Akeju O, Rutter MK, Lo MT, Hu K, Li P. Resting Heartbeat Complexity Predicts All-Cause and Cardiorespiratory Mortality in Middle- to Older-Aged Adults From the UK Biobank. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018483. [PMID: 33461311 PMCID: PMC7955428 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Spontaneous heart rate fluctuations contain rich information related to health and illness in terms of physiological complexity, an accepted indicator of plasticity and adaptability. However, it is challenging to make inferences on complexity from shorter, more practical epochs of data. Distribution entropy (DistEn) is a recently introduced complexity measure that is designed specifically for shorter duration heartbeat recordings. We hypothesized that reduced DistEn predicted increased mortality in a large population cohort. Method and Results The prognostic value of DistEn was examined in 7631 middle‐older–aged UK Biobank participants who had 2‐minute resting ECGs conducted (mean age, 59.5 years; 60.4% women). During a median follow‐up period of 7.8 years, 451 (5.9%) participants died. In Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for demographics, lifestyle factors, physical activity, cardiovascular risks, and comorbidities, for each 1‐SD decrease in DistEn, the risk increased by 36%, 56%, and 73% for all‐cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory disease–related mortality, respectively. These effect sizes were equivalent to the risk of death from being >5 years older, having been a former smoker, or having diabetes mellitus. Lower DistEn was most predictive of death in those <55 years with a prior myocardial infarction, representing an additional 56% risk for mortality compared with older participants without prior myocardial infarction. These observations remained after controlling for traditional mortality predictors, resting heart rate, and heart rate variability. Conclusions Resting heartbeat complexity from short, resting ECGs was independently associated with mortality in middle‐ to older‐aged adults. These risks appear most pronounced in middle‐aged participants with prior MI, and may uniquely contribute to mortality risk screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA.,Medical Biodynamics Program Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA
| | - Arlen Gaba
- Medical Biodynamics Program Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA
| | - Longchang Cui
- Medical Biodynamics Program Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA
| | - Hui-Wen Yang
- Medical Biodynamics Program Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA.,Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Oluwaseun Akeju
- Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Diabetes Endocrinology & Gastroenterology The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Men-Tzung Lo
- Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Kun Hu
- Medical Biodynamics Program Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Peng Li
- Medical Biodynamics Program Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA
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7
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Gorshkov O, Ombao H. Multi-Chaotic Analysis of Inter-Beat (R-R) Intervals in Cardiac Signals for Discrimination between Normal and Pathological Classes. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23010112. [PMID: 33467750 PMCID: PMC7830666 DOI: 10.3390/e23010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac signals have complex structures representing a combination of simpler structures. In this paper, we develop a new data analytic tool that can extract the complex structures of cardiac signals using the framework of multi-chaotic analysis, which is based on the p-norm for calculating the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE). Appling the p-norm is useful for deriving the spectrum of the generalized largest Lyapunov exponents (GLLE), which is characterized by the width of the spectrum (which we denote by W). This quantity measures the degree of multi-chaos of the process and can potentially be used to discriminate between different classes of cardiac signals. We propose the joint use of the GLLE and spectrum width to investigate the multi-chaotic behavior of inter-beat (R-R) intervals of cardiac signals recorded from 54 healthy subjects (hs), 44 subjects diagnosed with congestive heart failure (chf), and 25 subjects diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (af). With the proposed approach, we build a regression model for the diagnosis of pathology. Multi-chaotic analysis showed a good performance, allowing the underlying dynamics of the system that generates the heart beat to be examined and expert systems to be built for the diagnosis of cardiac pathologies.
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8
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Phinyomark A, Larracy R, Scheme E. Fractal Analysis of Human Gait Variability via Stride Interval Time Series. Front Physiol 2020; 11:333. [PMID: 32351405 PMCID: PMC7174763 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractal analysis of stride interval time series is a useful tool in human gait research which could be used as a marker for gait adaptability, gait disorder, and fall risk among patients with movement disorders. This study is designed to systematically and comprehensively investigate two practical aspects of fractal analysis which significantly affect the outcome: the series length and the parameters used in the algorithm. The Hurst exponent, scaling exponent, and/or fractal dimension are computed from both simulated and experimental data using three fractal methods, namely detrended fluctuation analysis, box-counting dimension, and Higuchi's fractal dimension. The advantages and drawbacks of each method are discussed, in terms of biases and variability. The results demonstrate that a careful selection of fractal analysis methods and their parameters is required, which is dependent on the aim of study (either analyzing differences between experimental groups or estimating an accurate determination of fractal features). A set of guidelines for the selection of the fractal methods and the length of stride interval time series is provided, along with the optimal parameters for a robust implementation for each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angkoon Phinyomark
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Robyn Larracy
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Erik Scheme
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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9
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Exel J, Mateus N, Gonçalves B, Abrantes C, Calleja-González J, Sampaio J. Entropy Measures Can Add Novel Information to Reveal How Runners' Heart Rate and Speed Are Regulated by Different Environments. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1278. [PMID: 31214084 PMCID: PMC6558111 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological psychology suggests performer-environment relationship is the appropriate scale for examining the relationship between perception, action and cognition. Developing performance requires variation in practice in order to design the attractor-fluctuation landscape. The present study aimed to identify the effects of varying levels of familiarity and sensorimotor stimuli within the environment in runners' speed and heart rate (HR) regularity degree, and short-term memory Twelve amateur runners accomplished three 45-min running trials in their usual route, in an unusual route, and an athletics 400-m track, wearing a GPS and an HR monitor. Sample entropy (SampEn) and complexity index (CI), over speed and HR, were calculated. Pre and post-trial, participants performed the Backward Digit Span task for cognitive assessment. Higher entropies were found for the 400-m track, compared to the usual and unusual routes. Usual routes increased speed SampEn (63% of chances), but decreased HR CI when compared to unusual routes (60% of chances). Runners showed higher overall short-term memory performance after unusual routes, when compared to usual routes (85% of chances), indicating positive relation to attentional control. The contexts of practice may contribute to change predictability from single to multiple timescales. Thus, by considering that time structuring issues can help diagnosing habituation of training routes, this study brings novel information to the long-term process of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Exel
- Creative Lab Research Community, Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- Creative Lab Research Community, Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Gonçalves
- Creative Lab Research Community, Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Catarina Abrantes
- Geron Research Community, Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Julio Calleja-González
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jaime Sampaio
- Creative Lab Research Community, Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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10
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Wallot S. Multidimensional Cross-Recurrence Quantification Analysis (MdCRQA) - A Method for Quantifying Correlation between Multivariate Time-Series. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2019; 54:173-191. [PMID: 30569740 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2018.1512846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, Multidimensional Cross-Recurrence Quantification Analysis (MdCRQA) is introduced. It is an extension of Multidimensional Recurrence Quantification Analysis (MdRQA), which allows to quantify the (auto-)recurrence properties of a single multidimensional time-series. MdCRQA extends MdRQA to bi-variate cases to allow for the quantification of the co-evolution of two multidimensional time-series. Moreover, it is shown how a Diagonal Cross-Recurrence Profile (DCRP) can be computed from the MdCRQA output that allows to capture time-lagged coupling between two multidimensional time-series. The core concepts of these analyses are described, as well as practical aspects of their application. In the supplementary materials to this paper, implementations of MdCRQA and the DCRP as MatLab- and R-functions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wallot
- a Department of Language and Literature , Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics
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11
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Wallot S, Leonardi G. Analyzing Multivariate Dynamics Using Cross-Recurrence Quantification Analysis (CRQA), Diagonal-Cross-Recurrence Profiles (DCRP), and Multidimensional Recurrence Quantification Analysis (MdRQA) - A Tutorial in R. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2232. [PMID: 30564161 PMCID: PMC6288366 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper provides a practical, hands-on introduction to cross-recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA), diagonal cross-recurrence profiles (DCRP), and multidimensional recurrence quantification analysis (MdRQA) in R. These methods have enjoyed increasing popularity in the cognitive and social sciences since a recognition that many behavioral and neurophysiological processes are intrinsically time dependent and reliant on environmental and social context has emerged. Recurrence-based methods are particularly suited for time-series that are non-stationary or have complicated dynamics, such as longer recordings of continuous physiological or movement data, but are also useful in the case of time-series of symbolic data, as in the case of text/verbal transcriptions or categorically coded behaviors. In the past, they have been used to assess changes in the dynamics of, or coupling between physiological and behavioral measures, for example in joint action research to determine the co-evolution of the behavior between individuals in dyads or groups, or for assessing the strength of coupling/correlation between two or more time-series. In this paper, we provide readers with a conceptual introduction, followed by a step-by-step explanation on how the analyses are performed in R with a summary of the current best practices of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wallot
- Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Leonardi
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Economics and Human Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Beyond Synchrony: Joint Action in a Complex Production Task Reveals Beneficial Effects of Decreased Interpersonal Synchrony. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168306. [PMID: 27997558 PMCID: PMC5172585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of joint action studies show that people tend to fall into synchronous behavior with others participating in the same task, and that such synchronization is beneficial, leading to greater rapport, satisfaction, and performance. It has been noted that many of these task environments require simple interactions that involve little planning of action coordination toward a shared goal. The present study utilized a complex joint construction task in which dyads were instructed to build model cars while their hand movements and heart rates were measured. Participants built these models under varying conditions, delimiting how freely they could divide labor during a build session. While hand movement synchrony was sensitive to the different tasks and outcomes, the heart rate measure did not show any effects of interpersonal synchrony. Results for hand movements show that the more participants were constrained by a particular building strategy, the greater their behavioral synchrony. Within the different conditions, the degree of synchrony was predictive of subjective satisfaction and objective product outcomes. However, in contrast to many previous findings, synchrony was negatively associated with superior products, and, depending on the constraints on the interaction, positively or negatively correlated with higher subjective satisfaction. These results show that the task context critically shapes the role of synchronization during joint action, and that in more complex tasks, not synchronization of behavior, but rather complementary types of behavior may be associated with superior task outcomes.
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13
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O'Brien BA, Wallot S. Silent Reading Fluency and Comprehension in Bilingual Children. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1265. [PMID: 27630590 PMCID: PMC5005424 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on reading fluency by bilingual primary school students, and the relation of text fluency to their reading comprehension. Group differences were examined in a cross-sectional design across the age range when fluency is posed to shift from word-level to text-level. One hundred five bilingual children from primary grades 3, 4, and 5 were assessed for English word reading and decoding fluency, phonological awareness, rapid symbol naming, and oral language proficiency with standardized measures. These skills were correlated with their silent reading fluency on a self-paced story reading task. Text fluency was quantified using non-linear analytic methods: recurrence quantification and fractal analyses. Findings indicate that more fluent text reading appeared by grade 4, similar to monolingual findings, and that different aspects of fluency characterized passage reading performance at different grade levels. Text fluency and oral language proficiency emerged as significant predictors of reading comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A O'Brien
- Education and Cognitive Development Lab, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Wallot
- Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics Frankfurt, Germany
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Goldstein MR, Lewis GF, Newman R, Brown JM, Bobashev G, Kilpatrick L, Seppälä EM, Fishbein DH, Meleth S. Improvements in well-being and vagal tone following a yogic breathing-based life skills workshop in young adults: Two open-trial pilot studies. Int J Yoga 2016; 9:20-6. [PMID: 26865767 PMCID: PMC4728954 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6131.171718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While efficacy of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) has been demonstrated in a number of prior studies, little is known about the effects of SKY taught as part of the Your Enlightened Side (YES+) workshop designed for college students and other young adults. Aims: This study aimed to assess the effects of YES+, a yogic breathing-based life skills workshop, on multiple measures of well-being and physiological stress response. Materials and Methods: Two nonrandomized open-trial pilot studies were conducted with a total of 74 young adults (age 25.4 ± 6.6 years; 55% female). Study 1 collected a variety of self-report questionnaires at baseline, postworkshop, and 1-month follow-up. Study 2 collected self-report questionnaires in addition to electrocardiography with a stationary cycling challenge at baseline and 1-month follow-up. Results: Study 1: Improvements in self-reported depression (P's ≤ 0.010), perceived stress (P's ≤ 0.002), life satisfaction (P's ≤ 0.002), social connectedness (P's ≤ 0.004), and gratitude (P's ≤ 0.090) were observed at postworkshop and 1-month after workshop relative to baseline. Study 2: Improvements in self-reported emotion regulation were observed at 1-month follow-up relative to baseline (P = 0.019). Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form positive affect increased (P = 0.021), while fatigue and sadness decreased (P's ≤ 0.005). During the stationary cycling challenge, rate to recovery of electrocardiography inter-beat interval also increased from baseline to 1-month follow-up (P = 0.077). Conclusions: These findings suggest that a life skills workshop integrating yogic breathing techniques may provide self-empowering tools for enhancing well-being in young adults. Future research is indicated to further explore these effects, particularly in regards to vagal tone and other aspects of stress physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory F Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, GA, USA
| | - Ronnie Newman
- International Association for Human Values, Washington, DC, USA; Nova Southeastern University Lifelong Learning Institute, Davie, FL, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Emma M Seppälä
- Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, GA, USA
| | - Diana H Fishbein
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
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15
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Michael J, Bogart K, Tylén K, Krueger J, Bech M, Østergaard JR, Fusaroli R. Training in Compensatory Strategies Enhances Rapport in Interactions Involving People with Möbius Syndrome. Front Neurol 2015; 6:213. [PMID: 26500605 PMCID: PMC4597112 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the exploratory study reported here, we tested the efficacy of an intervention designed to train teenagers with Möbius syndrome (MS) to increase the use of alternative communication strategies (e.g., gestures) to compensate for their lack of facial expressivity. Specifically, we expected the intervention to increase the level of rapport experienced in social interactions by our participants. In addition, we aimed to identify the mechanisms responsible for any such increase in rapport. In the study, five teenagers with MS interacted with three naïve participants without MS before the intervention, and with three different naïve participants without MS after the intervention. Rapport was assessed by self-report and by behavioral coders who rated videos of the interactions. Individual non-verbal behavior was assessed via behavioral coders, whereas verbal behavior was automatically extracted from the sound files. Alignment was assessed using cross recurrence quantification analysis and mixed-effects models. The results showed that observer-coded rapport was greater after the intervention, whereas self-reported rapport did not change significantly. Observer-coded gesture and expressivity increased in participants with and without MS, whereas overall linguistic alignment decreased. Fidgeting and repetitiveness of verbal behavior also decreased in both groups. In sum, the intervention may impact non-verbal and verbal behavior in participants with and without MS, increasing rapport as well as overall gesturing, while decreasing alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Michael
- Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
- Center for Subjectivity Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kathleen Bogart
- School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kristian Tylén
- Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Semiotics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joel Krueger
- Department of Sociology, Philosophy, and Anthropology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Morten Bech
- Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Riccardo Fusaroli
- Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Semiotics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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16
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Modeling Clinical States and Metabolic Rhythms in Bioarcheology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:818724. [PMID: 26346040 PMCID: PMC4544883 DOI: 10.1155/2015/818724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bioarcheology is cross disciplinary research encompassing the study of human remains. However, life's activities have, up till now, eluded bioarcheological investigation. We hypothesized that growth lines in hair might archive the biologic rhythms, growth rate, and metabolism during life. Computational modeling predicted the physical appearance, derived from hair growth rate, biologic rhythms, and mental state for human remains from the Roman period. The width of repeat growth intervals (RI's) on the hair, shown by confocal microscopy, allowed computation of time series of periodicities of the RI's to model growth rates of the hairs. Our results are based on four hairs from controls yielding 212 data points and the RI's of six cropped hairs from Zweeloo woman's scalp yielding 504 data points. Hair growth was, ten times faster than normal consistent with hypertrichosis. Cantú syndrome consists of hypertrichosis, dyschondrosteosis, short stature, and cardiomegaly. Sympathetic activation and enhanced metabolic state suggesting arousal was also present. Two-photon microscopy visualized preserved portions of autonomic nerve fibers surrounding the hair bulb. Scanning electron microscopy found evidence that a knife was used to cut the hair three to five days before death. Thus computational modeling enabled the elucidation of life's activities 2000 years after death in this individual with Cantu syndrome. This may have implications for archeology and forensic sciences.
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17
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Cross-evidence for hypnotic susceptibility through nonlinear measures on EEGs of non-hypnotized subjects. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5610. [PMID: 25002038 PMCID: PMC4085592 DOI: 10.1038/srep05610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of hypnotic susceptibility is usually obtained through the application of psychological instruments. A satisfying classification obtained through quantitative measures is still missing, although it would be very useful for both diagnostic and clinical purposes. Aiming at investigating the relationship between the cortical brain activity and the hypnotic susceptibility level, we propose the combined use of two methodologies - Recurrence Quantification Analysis and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis - both inherited from nonlinear dynamics. Indicators obtained through the application of these techniques to EEG signals of individuals in their ordinary state of consciousness allowed us to obtain a clear discrimination between subjects with high and low susceptibility to hypnosis. Finally a neural network approach was used to perform classification analysis.
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18
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Coco MI, Dale R. Cross-recurrence quantification analysis of categorical and continuous time series: an R package. Front Psychol 2014; 5:510. [PMID: 25018736 PMCID: PMC4073592 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the R package crqa to perform cross-recurrence quantification analysis of two time series of either a categorical or continuous nature. Streams of behavioral information, from eye movements to linguistic elements, unfold over time. When two people interact, such as in conversation, they often adapt to each other, leading these behavioral levels to exhibit recurrent states. In dialog, for example, interlocutors adapt to each other by exchanging interactive cues: smiles, nods, gestures, choice of words, and so on. In order for us to capture closely the goings-on of dynamic interaction, and uncover the extent of coupling between two individuals, we need to quantify how much recurrence is taking place at these levels. Methods available in crqa would allow researchers in cognitive science to pose such questions as how much are two people recurrent at some level of analysis, what is the characteristic lag time for one person to maximally match another, or whether one person is leading another. First, we set the theoretical ground to understand the difference between “correlation” and “co-visitation” when comparing two time series, using an aggregative or cross-recurrence approach. Then, we describe more formally the principles of cross-recurrence, and show with the current package how to carry out analyses applying them. We end the paper by comparing computational efficiency, and results’ consistency, of crqa R package, with the benchmark MATLAB toolbox crptoolbox (Marwan, 2013). We show perfect comparability between the two libraries on both levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moreno I Coco
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rick Dale
- Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California Merced, CA, USA
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