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Liu L, Xiao X, Guo J, Wang J, Liu S, Wang M, Peng Q, Jiang N. Aptamer and Peptide-Engineered Polydopamine Nanospheres for Target Delivery and Tumor Perfusion in Synergistic Chemo-Phototherapy of Pancreatic Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16539-16551. [PMID: 36961248 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death, and the 5 year survival rate is only 4%. Chemotherapy is the treatment option for the majority of PC patients diagnosed at an advanced stage, whereas the desmoplastic stroma of PC could block the perfusion of chemotherapeutic agents to tumor tissues and contribute generally to chemoresistance. Therefore, the clinical status of PC calls for an urgent exploration in the effective treatment strategy. Chemo-phototherapy is an emerging modality against malignant tumors, but owing to the low targeting ability of theranostic agents or unspecific accumulation in the tumor region, majority of chemo-phototherapy techniques have disappointing therapeutic efficiencies. Herein, we have explored CD71-specific targeting aptamers and paclitaxel (PTX)-modified polydopamine (PDA) nanospheres with the conjugation of peptidomimetic AV3 (termed Apt-PDA@PTX/AV3 bioconjugates) to specifically target and combat PC in vivo by synergistic chemo-phototherapy. After the delivery of nanotheranostic agents to the tumor microenvironment (TME) or subsequent endocytic uptake by PC cells, a simultaneous release of AV3 and PTX from Apt-PDA@PTX/AV3 bioconjugates via near-infrared (NIR) irradiation can decrease desmoplastic stroma to enhance tumor perfusion and tumor-killing effects. Meanwhile, PDA cores utilize NIR laser to create unendurable hyperthermia within TME to "cook" tumors. Taken together, the current study finally suggests that our Apt-PDA@PTX/AV3 bioconjugates could act as a novel therapeutic approach by synergistic chemo-phototherapy for the programmable inhibition of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Guo
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Meijiao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Qiling Peng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
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2
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Estaras M, Ortiz-Placin C, Castillejo-Rufo A, Fernandez-Bermejo M, Blanco G, Mateos JM, Vara D, Gonzalez-Cordero PL, Chamizo S, Lopez D, Rojas A, Jaen I, de Armas N, Salido GM, Iovanna JL, Santofimia-Castaño P, Gonzalez A. Melatonin controls cell proliferation and modulates mitochondrial physiology in pancreatic stellate cells. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:235-249. [PMID: 36334253 PMCID: PMC9905253 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of melatonin on major pathways related with cellular proliferation and energetic metabolism in pancreatic stellate cells. In the presence of melatonin (1 mM, 100 µM, 10 µM, or 1 µM), decreases in the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and of p44/42 and an increase in the phosphorylation of p38 were observed. Cell viability dropped in the presence of melatonin. A rise in the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase was detected in the presence of 1 mM and 100 µM melatonin. Treatment with 1 mM melatonin decreased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B, whereas 100 µM and 10 µM melatonin increased its phosphorylation. An increase in the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential were noted following melatonin treatment. Basal and maximal respiration, ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation, spare capacity, and proton leak dropped in the presence of melatonin. The expression of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain was augmented in the presence of melatonin. Conversely, in the presence of 1 mM melatonin, decreases in the expression of mitofusins 1 and 2 were detected. The glycolysis and the glycolytic capacity were diminished in cells treated with 1 mM or 100 µM melatonin. Increases in the expression of phosphofructokinase-1 and lactate dehydrogenase were noted in cells incubated with 100 µM, 10 µM, or 1 µM melatonin. The expression of glucose transporter 1 was increased in cells incubated with 10 µM or 1 µM melatonin. Conversely, 1 mM melatonin decreased the expression of all three proteins. Our results suggest that melatonin, at pharmacological concentrations, might modulate mitochondrial physiology and energy metabolism in addition to major pathways involved in pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Estaras
- grid.8393.10000000119412521Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Las Ciencias S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Candido Ortiz-Placin
- grid.8393.10000000119412521Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Las Ciencias S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alba Castillejo-Rufo
- grid.8393.10000000119412521Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Las Ciencias S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Gerardo Blanco
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática Y Transplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jose M. Mateos
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Daniel Vara
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Chamizo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Diego Lopez
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática Y Transplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Adela Rojas
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática Y Transplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Isabel Jaen
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática Y Transplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Noelia de Armas
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática Y Transplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Gines M. Salido
- grid.8393.10000000119412521Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Las Ciencias S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan L. Iovanna
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Santofimia-Castaño
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Las Ciencias S/N, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
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3
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Patil K, Khan FB, Akhtar S, Ahmad A, Uddin S. The plasticity of pancreatic cancer stem cells: implications in therapeutic resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:691-720. [PMID: 34453639 PMCID: PMC8556195 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing perception of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as a plastic state rather than a hardwired defined entity has evolved our understanding of the functional and biological plasticity of these elusive components in malignancies. Pancreatic cancer (PC), based on its biological features and clinical evolution, is a prototypical example of a CSC-driven disease. Since the discovery of pancreatic CSCs (PCSCs) in 2007, evidence has unraveled their control over many facets of the natural history of PC, including primary tumor growth, metastatic progression, disease recurrence, and acquired drug resistance. Consequently, the current near-ubiquitous treatment regimens for PC using aggressive cytotoxic agents, aimed at ‘‘tumor debulking’’ rather than eradication of CSCs, have proven ineffective in providing clinically convincing improvements in patients with this dreadful disease. Herein, we review the key hallmarks as well as the intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms of CSCs that mediate treatment failure in PC and enlist the potential CSC-targeting ‘natural agents’ that are gaining popularity in recent years. A better understanding of the molecular and functional landscape of PCSC-intrinsic evasion of chemotherapeutic drugs offers a facile opportunity for treating PC, an intractable cancer with a grim prognosis and in dire need of effective therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Patil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Farheen B Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.,Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar. .,Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. .,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Identification of Key Genes of Prognostic Value in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Microenvironment and a Risk Score Prognostic Model. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8852388. [PMID: 32952743 PMCID: PMC7487089 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8852388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective We aimed at identifying the key genes of prognostic value in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) microenvironment and construct a risk score prognostic model. Materials and Methods Immune and stromal scores were calculated using the ESTIMATE algorithm. A total of 539 ccRCC cases were divided into high- and low-score groups. The differentially expressed genes in immune and stromal cells for the prognosis of ccRCC were screened. The relationship between survival outcome and gene expression was evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. A risk score prognostic model was constructed based on the immune/stromal scores. Results The median survival time of the low immune score group was longer than that of the high immune score group (p = 0.044). Ten tumor microenvironment-related genes were selected by screening, and a predictive model was established, based on which patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups with markedly different overall survival (p < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox analyses showed that the risk score prognostic model was independently associated with overall survival, with a hazard ratio of 1.0437 (confidence interval: 1.0237-1.0641, p < 0.0001). Conclusions Low immune scores were associated with extended survival time compared to high immune scores. The novel risk predictive model based on tumor microenvironment-related genes may be an independent prognostic biomarker in ccRCC.
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Bulle A, Dekervel J, Deschuttere L, Nittner D, Libbrecht L, Janky R, Plaisance S, Topal B, Coosemans A, Lambrechts D, Van Cutsem E, Verslype C, van Pelt J. Gemcitabine Recruits M2-Type Tumor-Associated Macrophages into the Stroma of Pancreatic Cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100743. [PMID: 32145636 PMCID: PMC7058407 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very lethal disease that can develop therapy resistance over time. The dense stroma in PDAC plays a critical role in tumor progression and resistance. How this stroma interacts with the tumor cells and how this is influenced by chemotherapy remain poorly understood. METHODS: The backbone of this study is the parallel transcriptome analysis of human tumor and mouse stroma in two molecular and clinical representative patient-derived tumor xenografts models. Mice (8 animals per group) were treated for 4 weeks with gemcitabine or control. We studied tumor growth, RNA expression in the stroma, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with immunofluorescence, and cytokines in the serum. RESULTS: A method for parallel transcriptome analysis was optimized. We found that the tumor (differentiation, gene expression) determines the infiltration of macrophages into the stroma. In aggressive PDAC (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition high), we find more M2 polarized TAMs and the activation of cytokines and growth factors (TNFα, TGFβ1, and IL6). There are increased stromal glycolysis, reduced fatty acid oxidation, and reduced mitochondrial oxidation (tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation). Treatment with gemcitabine results in a shift of innate immune cells, especially additional infiltration of protumoral M2 TAMs (P < .001) and metabolic reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS: Gemcitabine treatment of PDAC xenografts stimulates a protumoral macrophage phenotype, and this, in combination with a shift of the tumor cells to a mesenchymal phenotype that we reported previously, contributes to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Targeting M2-polarized TAMs may benefit PDAC patients at risk to become refractory to current anticancer regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashenafi Bulle
- Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Dekervel
- Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lise Deschuttere
- Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Nittner
- Histopathology Expertise Center, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, and Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Louis Libbrecht
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Saint-Luc, Hippokrateslaan 10, 1200 Sint-Lambrechts-Woluwe, Belgium
| | - Rekin's Janky
- VIB Nucleomics Core, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Baki Topal
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Coosemans
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, ImmunOvar Research Group, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Van Cutsem
- Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Verslype
- Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos van Pelt
- Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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6
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Raguraman R, Parameswaran S, Kanwar JR, Khetan V, Rishi P, Kanwar RK, Krishnakumar S. Evidence of Tumour Microenvironment and Stromal Cellular Components in Retinoblastoma. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2019; 5:85-93. [PMID: 30976585 PMCID: PMC6422135 DOI: 10.1159/000488709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumour microenvironment (TME) consisting of tumour cells and multiple stromal cell types regulate tumour growth, invasion and metastasis. While the concept of TME and presence of stromal cellular components is widely established in cancers, its significance in the paediatric intraocular malignancy, retinoblastoma (RB), remains unknown. METHODS The study qualitatively identified the presence of multiple stromal cellular subtypes in RB TME by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Results of the study identified the presence of stromal cell types such as endothelial cells, tumour-associated macrophages, fibroblasts, cancer-associated fibroblasts, retinal astrocytes and glia in RB TME. The extent of stromal marker positivity, however, did not correlate with histopathological features of RB. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study convincingly suggest the presence of a stromal component in RB tumours. The interactions between stromal cells and tumour cells might be of profound importance in RB progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Raguraman
- Department of Larsen and Toubro Ocular Pathology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sowmya Parameswaran
- Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell Laboratory, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Jagat Rakesh Kanwar
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vikas Khetan
- Department of Ocular Oncology, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Pukhraj Rishi
- Department of Ocular Oncology, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur Kanwar
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Subramanian Krishnakumar
- Department of Larsen and Toubro Ocular Pathology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Smigiel JM, Parameswaran N, Jackson MW. Targeting Pancreatic Cancer Cell Plasticity: The Latest in Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10010014. [PMID: 29320425 PMCID: PMC5789364 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality remains alarmingly high for patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with 93% succumbing to the disease within five years. The vast majority of PDAC cases are driven by activating mutations in the proto-oncogene KRAS, which results in constitutive proliferation and survival signaling. As efforts to target RAS and its downstream effectors continue, parallel research aimed at identifying novel targets is also needed in order to improve therapeutic options and efficacy. Recent studies demonstrate that self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to metastatic dissemination and therapy failure, the causes of mortality from PDAC. Here, we discuss current challenges in PDAC therapeutics, highlight the contribution of mesenchymal/CSC plasticity to PDAC pathogenesis, and propose that targeting the drivers of plasticity will prove beneficial. Increasingly, intrinsic oncogenic and extrinsic pro-growth/survival signaling emanating from the tumor microenvironment (TME) are being implicated in the de novo generation of CSC and regulation of tumor cell plasticity. An improved understanding of key regulators of PDAC plasticity is providing new potential avenues for targeting the properties associated with CSC (including enhanced invasion and migration, metastatic outgrowth, and resistance to therapy). Finally, we describe the growing field of therapeutics directed at cancer stem cells and cancer cell plasticity in order to improve the lives of patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Smigiel
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Neetha Parameswaran
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Mark W Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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8
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Wu YS, Looi CY, Subramaniam KS, Masamune A, Chung I. Soluble factors from stellate cells induce pancreatic cancer cell proliferation via Nrf2-activated metabolic reprogramming and ROS detoxification. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36719-36732. [PMID: 27167341 PMCID: PMC5095034 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSC), a prominent stromal cell, contribute to the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We aim to investigate the mechanisms by which PSC promote cell proliferation in PDAC cell lines, BxPC-3 and AsPC-1. PSC-conditioned media (PSC-CM) induced proliferation of these cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Nrf2 protein was upregulated and subsequently, its transcriptional activity was increased with greater DNA binding activity and transcription of target genes. Downregulation of Nrf2 led to suppression of PSC-CM activity in BxPC-3, but not in AsPC-1 cells. However, overexpression of Nrf2 alone resulted in increased cell proliferation in both cell lines, and treatment with PSC-CM further enhanced this effect. Activation of Nrf2 pathway resulted in upregulation of metabolic genes involved in pentose phosphate pathway, glutaminolysis and glutathione biosynthesis. Downregulation and inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase with siRNA and chemical approaches reduced PSC-mediated cell proliferation. Among the cytokines present in PSC-CM, stromal-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activated Nrf2 pathway to induce cell proliferation in both cells, as shown with neutralization antibodies, recombinant proteins and signaling inhibitors. Taken together, SDF-1α and IL-6 secreted from PSC induced PDAC cell proliferation via Nrf2-activated metabolic reprogramming and ROS detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Seng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603 Malaysia.,University of Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603 Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603 Malaysia
| | - Kavita S Subramaniam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603 Malaysia.,University of Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603 Malaysia
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, 980-5877 Japan
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603 Malaysia.,University of Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603 Malaysia
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9
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Saison-Ridinger M, DelGiorno KE, Zhang T, Kraus A, French R, Jaquish D, Tsui C, Erikson G, Spike BT, Shokhirev MN, Liddle C, Yu RT, Downes M, Evans RM, Saghatelian A, Lowy AM, Wahl GM. Reprogramming pancreatic stellate cells via p53 activation: A putative target for pancreatic cancer therapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189051. [PMID: 29211796 PMCID: PMC5718507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an extremely dense fibrotic stroma, which contributes to tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. During tumorigenesis, quiescent pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are activated and become major contributors to fibrosis, by increasing growth factor signaling and extracellular matrix deposition. The p53 tumor suppressor is known to restrict tumor initiation and progression through cell autonomous mechanisms including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and senescence. There is growing evidence that stromal p53 also exerts anti-tumor activity by paracrine mechanisms, though a role for stromal p53 in PDAC has not yet been described. Here, we demonstrate that activation of stromal p53 exerts anti-tumor effects in PDAC. We show that primary cancer-associated PSCs (caPSCs) isolated from human PDAC express wild-type p53, which can be activated by the Mdm2 antagonist Nutlin-3a. Our work reveals that p53 acts as a major regulator of PSC activation and as a modulator of PDAC fibrosis. In vitro, p53 activation by Nutlin-3a induces profound transcriptional changes, which reprogram activated PSCs to quiescence. Using immunofluorescence and lipidomics, we have also found that p53 activation induces lipid droplet accumulation in both normal and tumor-associated fibroblasts, revealing a previously undescribed role for p53 in lipid storage. In vivo, treatment of tumor-bearing mice with the clinical form of Nutlin-3a induces stromal p53 activation, reverses caPSCs activation, and decreases fibrosis. All together our work uncovers new functions for stromal p53 in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Saison-Ridinger
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kathleen E. DelGiorno
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Tejia Zhang
- Clayton Foundation Peptide Biology Lab, Helmsley Center for Genomic Medicine, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Annabelle Kraus
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Randall French
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dawn Jaquish
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Crystal Tsui
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Galina Erikson
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin T. Spike
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Utah, United States of America
| | - Maxim N. Shokhirev
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruth T. Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ronald M. Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Clayton Foundation Peptide Biology Lab, Helmsley Center for Genomic Medicine, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew M. Lowy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey M. Wahl
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Leca J, Martinez S, Lac S, Nigri J, Secq V, Rubis M, Bressy C, Sergé A, Lavaut MN, Dusetti N, Loncle C, Roques J, Pietrasz D, Bousquet C, Garcia S, Granjeaud S, Ouaissi M, Bachet JB, Brun C, Iovanna JL, Zimmermann P, Vasseur S, Tomasini R. Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived annexin A6+ extracellular vesicles support pancreatic cancer aggressiveness. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4140-4156. [PMID: 27701147 DOI: 10.1172/jci87734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intratumoral microenvironment, or stroma, is of major importance in the pathobiology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), and specific conditions in the stroma may promote increased cancer aggressiveness. We hypothesized that this heterogeneous and evolving compartment drastically influences tumor cell abilities, which in turn influences PDA aggressiveness through crosstalk that is mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we have analyzed the PDA proteomic stromal signature and identified a contribution of the annexin A6/LDL receptor-related protein 1/thrombospondin 1 (ANXA6/LRP1/TSP1) complex in tumor cell crosstalk. Formation of the ANXA6/LRP1/TSP1 complex was restricted to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and required physiopathologic culture conditions that improved tumor cell survival and migration. Increased PDA aggressiveness was dependent on tumor cell-mediated uptake of CAF-derived ANXA6+ EVs carrying the ANXA6/LRP1/TSP1 complex. Depletion of ANXA6 in CAFs impaired complex formation and subsequently impaired PDA and metastasis occurrence, while injection of CAF-derived ANXA6+ EVs enhanced tumorigenesis. We found that the presence of ANXA6+ EVs in serum was restricted to PDA patients and represents a potential biomarker for PDA grade. These findings suggest that CAF-tumor cell crosstalk supported by ANXA6+ EVs is predictive of PDA aggressiveness, highlighting a therapeutic target and potential biomarker for PDA.
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11
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de Souza PC, Ranjan A, Towner RA. Nanoformulations for therapy of pancreatic and liver cancers. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:1515-34. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic and liver cancers often have poor prognoses. Clinically, pancreatic and liver cancer requires early diagnosis, and surgery is often associated with tumor recurrence. Currently, chemotherapies are limited in their ability to accurately target the tumors, and are associated with significant toxicity in patients. Targeting of chemotherapy can be improved by encapsulation in nanocarriers. A variety of preclinical studies indicate relatively superior therapeutic outcomes compared with drug alone therapy. Targeted nanoparticle imaging agents may also additionally facilitate better diagnosis and improve patient outcomes. This review discusses the nanoformulations that are under investigation (mainly preclinical studies, but also with some current clinical trial examples) against pancreatic and liver cancers, understands the challenges and provides future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Coutinho de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, MS 60, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA
| | - Rheal A Towner
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, MS 60, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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12
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Ansari D, Gustafsson A, Andersson R. Update on the management of pancreatic cancer: Surgery is not enough. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3157-3165. [PMID: 25805920 PMCID: PMC4363743 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i11.3157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents the fourth cause of death in cancer and has a 5-year survival of < 5%. Only about 15% of the patients present with a resectable PDAC with potential to undergo “curative” surgery. After surgery, local and systemic recurrence, is though very common. The median survival of resected patients with adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery is only 20-23 mo. This underscores the significant need to improve PDAC management strategies. Increased survival rate is dependent on new breakthroughs in our understanding of not at least tumor biology. The aim of this review is to update and comment on recent knowledge concerning PDAC biology and new diagnostics and treatment modalities. One fundamental approach to improve survival rates is by earlier and improved diagnosis of the disease. In recent years, novel blood-based biomarkers have emerged based on genetic, epigenetic and protein changes in PDAC with very promising results. For biomarkers to enter clinical practice they need to have been developed using adequate control groups and provide high sensitivity and specificity and by this identify patients at risk already in a pre-symptomatic stage. Another way to improve outcomes, is by employing neoadjuvant treatments thereby increasing the number of resectable cases. Novel systemic treatment regimes like FOLFIRINOX and nab-paclitaxel have demonstrated improvements in prolonging survival in advanced cases, but long-term survival is still scarce. The future improved understanding of PDAC biology will inevitably render new treatment options directed against both the cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/blood
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/surgery
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Early Detection of Cancer
- Humans
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects
- Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Neoplasm, Residual
- Pancreatectomy/adverse effects
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/blood
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Patient Selection
- Precision Medicine
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
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13
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Thériault BL, Cybulska P, Shaw PA, Gallie BL, Bernardini MQ. The role of KIF14 in patient-derived primary cultures of high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:123. [PMID: 25528264 PMCID: PMC4302703 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-014-0123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Previously, it has been shown that KIF14 mRNA is overexpressed in ovarian cancer (OvCa), regardless of histological subtype. KIF14 levels are independently predictive of poor outcome and increased rates of recurrence in serous OvCa patients. Furthermore, it has been shown that KIF14 also controls the in vivo tumorigenicity of OvCa cell lines. In this study, we evaluate the potential of KIF14 as a therapeutic target through selective inhibition of KIF14 in primary high-grade serous patient-derived OvCa cells. Methods To assess the dependence of primary serous OvCa cultures on KIF14, protein levels in 11 prospective high grade serous ovarian cancer samples were increased (KIF14 overexpression by transfection) or decreased (anti-KIF14 shRNA) in vitro, and proliferative capacity, anchorage independence and xenograft growth were assessed. Results Seven of eleven samples demonstrated increased/decreased in vitro proliferation in response to KIF14 overexpression/knockdown, respectively. When examining in vitro tumorigenicity (colony formation) and in vivo growth (subcutaneous xenografts) in response to KIF14 manipulation, none of the samples demonstrated growth in soft agar (11 samples), or xenograft growth (4 samples). Conclusions Although primary high-grade serous OvCa cells may depend on KIF14 for in vitro proliferation we were unable to demonstrate a role for KIF14 on tumorigenicity or develop an in vivo model for assessment. We have, however developed an effective in vitro method to evaluate the effect of target gene manipulation on the proliferative capacity of primary OvCa cultures. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13048-014-0123-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte L Thériault
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Paulina Cybulska
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Gynecological Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Patricia A Shaw
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network Tissue Bank, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Brenda L Gallie
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Visual Science, Toronto Western Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Departments of Medical Biophysics, Molecular Genetics, and Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Marcus Q Bernardini
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Gynecological Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Rm M700, 610 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada.
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14
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Chronic stress accelerates pancreatic cancer growth and invasion: a critical role for beta-adrenergic signaling in the pancreatic microenvironment. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 40:40-7. [PMID: 24650449 PMCID: PMC4102665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer cells intimately interact with a complex microenvironment that influences pancreatic cancer progression. The pancreas is innervated by fibers of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and pancreatic cancer cells have receptors for SNS neurotransmitters which suggests that pancreatic cancer may be sensitive to neural signaling. In vitro and non-orthotopic in vivo studies showed that neural signaling modulates tumour cell behavior. However the effect of SNS signaling on tumor progression within the pancreatic microenvironment has not previously been investigated. To address this, we used in vivo optical imaging to non-invasively track growth and dissemination of primary pancreatic cancer using an orthotopic mouse model that replicates the complex interaction between pancreatic tumor cells and their microenvironment. Stress-induced neural activation increased primary tumor growth and tumor cell dissemination to normal adjacent pancreas. These effects were associated with increased expression of invasion genes by tumor cells and pancreatic stromal cells. Pharmacological activation of β-adrenergic signaling induced similar effects to chronic stress, and pharmacological β-blockade reversed the effects of chronic stress on pancreatic cancer progression. These findings indicate that neural β-adrenergic signaling regulates pancreatic cancer progression and suggest β-blockade as a novel strategy to complement existing therapies for pancreatic cancer.
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15
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McCarroll JA, Naim S, Sharbeen G, Russia N, Lee J, Kavallaris M, Goldstein D, Phillips PA. Role of pancreatic stellate cells in chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Front Physiol 2014; 5:141. [PMID: 24782785 PMCID: PMC3988387 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is highly chemoresistant. A major contributing factor is the characteristic extensive stromal or fibrotic reaction, which comprises up to 90% of the tumor volume. Over the last decade there has been intensive research into the role of the pro-fibrogenic pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and their interaction with pancreatic cancer cells. As a result of the significant alterations in the tumor microenvironment following activation of PSCs, tumor progression, and chemoresistance is enhanced. This review will discuss how PSCs contribute to chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A McCarroll
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephanie Naim
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - George Sharbeen
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nelson Russia
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia Lee
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Phoebe A Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
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