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Stange JP, Li J, Xu EP, Ye Z, Zapetis SL, Phanord CS, Wu J, Sellery P, Keefe K, Forbes E, Mermelstein RJ, Trull TJ, Langenecker SA. Autonomic complexity dynamically indexes affect regulation in everyday life. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE 2023; 132:847-866. [PMID: 37410429 PMCID: PMC10592626 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Affect regulation often is disrupted in depression. Understanding biomarkers of affect regulation in ecologically valid contexts is critical for identifying moments when interventions can be delivered to improve regulation and may have utility for identifying which individuals are vulnerable to psychopathology. Autonomic complexity, which includes linear and nonlinear indices of heart rate variability, has been proposed as a novel marker of neurovisceral integration. However, it is not clear how autonomic complexity tracks with regulation in everyday life, and whether low complexity serves as a marker of related psychopathology. To measure regulation phenotypes with diminished influence of current symptoms, 37 young adults with remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD) and 28 healthy comparisons (HCs) completed ambulatory assessments of autonomic complexity and affect regulation across one week in everyday life. Multilevel models indicated that in HCs, but not rMDD, autonomic complexity fluctuated in response to regulation cues, increasing in response to reappraisal and distraction and decreasing in response to negative affect. Higher complexity across the week predicted greater everyday regulation success, whereas greater variability of complexity predicted lower (and less variable) negative affect, rumination, and mind-wandering. Results suggest that ambulatory assessment of autonomic complexity can passively index dynamic aspects of real-world affect and regulation, and that dynamic physiological reactivity to regulation is restricted in rMDD. These results demonstrate how intensive sampling of dynamic, nonlinear regulatory processes can advance our understanding of potential mechanisms underlying psychopathology. Such measurements might inform how to test interventions to enhance neurovisceral complexity and affect regulation success in real time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Stange
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Jiani Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Ellie P. Xu
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Zihua Ye
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | | | | | - Jenny Wu
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston
| | - Pia Sellery
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Boulder
| | - Kaley Keefe
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Erika Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh
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Effects of Missing Data on Heart Rate Variability Metrics. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22155774. [PMID: 35957328 PMCID: PMC9371086 DOI: 10.3390/s22155774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) has been studied for decades in clinical environments. Currently, the exponential growth of wearable devices in health monitoring is leading to new challenges that need to be solved. These devices have relatively poor signal quality and are affected by numerous motion artifacts, with data loss being the main stumbling block for their use in HRV analysis. In the present paper, it is shown how data loss affects HRV metrics in the time domain and frequency domain and Poincaré plots. A gap-filling method is proposed and compared to other existing approaches to alleviate these effects, both with simulated (16 subjects) and real (20 subjects) missing data. Two different data loss scenarios have been simulated: (i) scattered missing beats, related to a low signal to noise ratio; and (ii) bursts of missing beats, with the most common due to motion artifacts. In addition, a real database of photoplethysmography-derived pulse detection series provided by Apple Watch during a protocol including relax and stress stages is analyzed. The best correction method and maximum acceptable missing beats are given. Results suggest that correction without gap filling is the best option for the standard deviation of the normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and Poincaré plot metrics in datasets with bursts of missing beats predominance (p<0.05), whereas they benefit from gap-filling approaches in the case of scattered missing beats (p<0.05). Gap-filling approaches are also the best for frequency-domain metrics (p<0.05). The findings of this work are useful for the design of robust HRV applications depending on missing data tolerance and the desired HRV metrics.
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Frassineti L, Lanatà A, Olmi B, Manfredi C. Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Neonatal Patients with and without Seizures. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:122. [PMID: 34562944 PMCID: PMC8469929 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8090122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex physiological dynamics of neonatal seizures make their detection challenging. A timely diagnosis and treatment, especially in intensive care units, are essential for a better prognosis and the mitigation of possible adverse effects on the newborn's neurodevelopment. In the literature, several electroencephalographic (EEG) studies have been proposed for a parametric characterization of seizures or their detection by artificial intelligence techniques. At the same time, other sources than EEG, such as electrocardiography, have been investigated to evaluate the possible impact of neonatal seizures on the cardio-regulatory system. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is attracting great interest as a valuable tool in newborns applications, especially where EEG technologies are not easily available. This study investigated whether multiscale HRV entropy indexes could detect abnormal heart rate dynamics in newborns with seizures, especially during ictal events. Furthermore, entropy measures were analyzed to discriminate between newborns with seizures and seizure-free ones. A cohort of 52 patients (33 with seizures) from the Helsinki University Hospital public dataset has been evaluated. Multiscale sample and fuzzy entropy showed significant differences between the two groups (p-value < 0.05, Bonferroni multiple-comparison post hoc correction). Moreover, interictal activity showed significant differences between seizure and seizure-free patients (Mann-Whitney Test: p-value < 0.05). Therefore, our findings suggest that HRV multiscale entropy analysis could be a valuable pre-screening tool for the timely detection of seizure events in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Frassineti
- Department of Information Engineering, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy; (A.L.); (B.O.); (C.M.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Lanatà
- Department of Information Engineering, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy; (A.L.); (B.O.); (C.M.)
| | - Benedetta Olmi
- Department of Information Engineering, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy; (A.L.); (B.O.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudia Manfredi
- Department of Information Engineering, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy; (A.L.); (B.O.); (C.M.)
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Candia-Rivera D, Catrambone V, Valenza G. The role of electroencephalography electrical reference in the assessment of functional brain-heart interplay: From methodology to user guidelines. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 360:109269. [PMID: 34171310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The choice of EEG reference has been widely studied. However, the choice of the most appropriate re-referencing for EEG data is still debated. Moreover, the role of EEG reference in the estimation of functional Brain-Heart Interplay (BHI), together with different multivariate modelling strategies, has not been investigated yet. METHODS This study identifies the best methodology combining a proper EEG electrical reference and signal processing methods for an effective functional BHI assessment. The effects of the EEG reference among common average, mastoids average, Laplacian reference, Cz reference, and the reference electrode standardization technique (REST) were explored throughout different BHI methods including synthetic data generation (SDG) model, heartbeat-evoked potentials, heartbeat-evoked oscillations, and maximal information coefficient. RESULTS The SDG model exhibited high robustness between EEG references, whereas the maximal information coefficient method exhibited a high sensitivity. The common average and REST references for EEG showed a good consistency in the between-method comparisons. Laplacian, and Cz references significantly bias a BHI measurement. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The use of EEG reference based on a common average outperforms on the use of other references for consistency in estimating directed functional BHI. We do not recommend the use of EEG references based on analytical derivations as the experimental conditions may not meet the requirements of their optimal estimation, particularly in clinical settings. CONCLUSION The use of a common average for EEG electrical reference is concluded to be the most appropriate choice for a quantitative, functional BHI assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Candia-Rivera
- Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center E. Piaggio and the Department of Information Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Catrambone
- Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center E. Piaggio and the Department of Information Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaetano Valenza
- Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center E. Piaggio and the Department of Information Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Hickey BA, Chalmers T, Newton P, Lin CT, Sibbritt D, McLachlan CS, Clifton-Bligh R, Morley J, Lal S. Smart Devices and Wearable Technologies to Detect and Monitor Mental Health Conditions and Stress: A Systematic Review. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21103461. [PMID: 34065620 PMCID: PMC8156923 DOI: 10.3390/s21103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increase in the production of devices to monitor mental health and stress as means for expediting detection, and subsequent management of these conditions. The objective of this review is to identify and critically appraise the most recent smart devices and wearable technologies used to identify depression, anxiety, and stress, and the physiological process(es) linked to their detection. The MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, and PsycINFO databases were used to identify studies which utilised smart devices and wearable technologies to detect or monitor anxiety, depression, or stress. The included articles that assessed stress and anxiety unanimously used heart rate variability (HRV) parameters for detection of anxiety and stress, with the latter better detected by HRV and electroencephalogram (EGG) together. Electrodermal activity was used in recent studies, with high accuracy for stress detection; however, with questionable reliability. Depression was found to be largely detected using specific EEG signatures; however, devices detecting depression using EEG are not currently available on the market. This systematic review highlights that average heart rate used by many commercially available smart devices is not as accurate in the detection of stress and anxiety compared with heart rate variability, electrodermal activity, and possibly respiratory rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Anthony Hickey
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (B.A.H.); (T.C.)
| | - Taryn Chalmers
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (B.A.H.); (T.C.)
| | - Phillip Newton
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2747, Australia;
| | - Chin-Teng Lin
- Australian AI Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - David Sibbritt
- School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Craig S. McLachlan
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University, Sydney, NSW 2009, Australia;
| | - Roderick Clifton-Bligh
- Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia;
| | - John Morley
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2747, Australia;
| | - Sara Lal
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (B.A.H.); (T.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +612-9514-1592
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Pham TD. Visual Computing of Causality in Personalized Depression. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:5510-5513. [PMID: 33019227 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder or clinical depression is a mental disorder characterized by daily low moods, which occur across many situations. Individuals suffering from depression are typically treated with counseling and antidepressant medication. This paper presents a computing approach for visualizing the dynamics of pairwise interactions of moods in personalized depression under and without medication. The methods of fuzzy cross recurrence plots of time series and their tensor decomposition offer a new way for gaining insight into the causality of the complex behavior of depression and its treatment.
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Brugnera A, Zarbo C, Tarvainen MP, Carlucci S, Tasca GA, Adorni R, Auteri A, Compare A. Higher levels of Depressive Symptoms are Associated with Increased Resting-State Heart Rate Variability and Blunted Reactivity to a Laboratory Stress Task among Healthy Adults. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2020; 44:221-234. [PMID: 31041646 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-019-09437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory stress tasks induce strong changes in linear and non-linear indices of heart rate variability (HRV) among healthy adults, due to a task-induced parasympathetic withdrawal. Previous findings suggested that negative affectivity and its correlates (i.e., depressive symptoms, anxiety, hostility, type D personality, and situational stress) could profoundly affect autonomic activity. However, to date no studies considered these psychological dimensions simultaneously while trying to disentangle their acute effects on HRV during a laboratory stress task. A total of 65 healthy participants completed a battery of questionnaires and later underwent a psychosocial stress protocol, which involves a stressful and a non-stressful mental arithmetic task, with the latter serving as a control condition for the former. During the entire procedure, autonomic activity was recorded through a portable ECG device. We analysed longitudinal changes in HRV indices using Mixed Models, taking into account respiration rates and the associations between psychophysiological variables through bivariate Pearson's r (partial) correlation indices. We found significant changes in linear (e.g., HF power, RMSSD) and non-linear (e.g., Poincaré Plot and Correlation Dimension D2) HRV indices during the procedure, with the lowest point reached during the stressful mental arithmetic task. Interestingly, only depressive symptomatology was significantly and positively related to a higher resting-state HRV and to a blunted reactivity to the stress task, even after controlling for baseline values. Results suggest that healthy individuals with higher levels of depressive symptoms could experience atypical cardiovascular responses to stressful events: several speculative interpretations, considering autonomic, behavioral, and motivational dysregulations, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Brugnera
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, P.le S. Agostino, 2, 24129, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Cristina Zarbo
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, P.le S. Agostino, 2, 24129, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Mika P Tarvainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | - Roberta Adorni
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, P.le S. Agostino, 2, 24129, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Adalberto Auteri
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, P.le S. Agostino, 2, 24129, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Angelo Compare
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, P.le S. Agostino, 2, 24129, Bergamo, Italy
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Valenza G, Passamonti L, Duggento A, Toschi N, Barbieri R. Uncovering complex central autonomic networks at rest: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study on complex cardiovascular oscillations. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20190878. [PMID: 32183642 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to uncover brain areas that are functionally linked to complex cardiovascular oscillations in resting-state conditions. Multi-session functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and cardiovascular data were gathered from 34 healthy volunteers recruited within the human connectome project (the '100-unrelated subjects' release). Group-wise multi-level fMRI analyses in conjunction with complex instantaneous heartbeat correlates (entropy and Lyapunov exponent) revealed the existence of a specialized brain network, i.e. a complex central autonomic network (CCAN), reflecting what we refer to as complex autonomic control of the heart. Our results reveal CCAN areas comprised the paracingulate and cingulate gyri, temporal gyrus, frontal orbital cortex, planum temporale, temporal fusiform, superior and middle frontal gyri, lateral occipital cortex, angular gyrus, precuneous cortex, frontal pole, intracalcarine and supracalcarine cortices, parahippocampal gyrus and left hippocampus. The CCAN visible at rest does not include the insular cortex, thalamus, putamen, amygdala and right caudate, which are classical CAN regions peculiar to sympatho-vagal control. Our results also suggest that the CCAN is mainly involved in complex vagal control mechanisms, with possible links with emotional processing networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Valenza
- Bioengineering and Robotics Research Centre 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Deparment of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Passamonti
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Milano, Italy.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Duggento
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Barbieri
- Department of Electronics, Informatics and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Byun S, Kim AY, Jang EH, Kim S, Choi KW, Yu HY, Jeon HJ. Entropy analysis of heart rate variability and its application to recognize major depressive disorder: A pilot study. Technol Health Care 2020; 27:407-424. [PMID: 31045557 PMCID: PMC6597986 DOI: 10.3233/thc-199037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current method to evaluate major depressive disorder (MDD) relies on subjective clinical interviews and self-questionnaires. OBJECTIVE Autonomic imbalance in MDD patients is characterized using entropy measures of heart rate variability (HRV). A machine learning approach for screening depression based on the entropy is demonstrated. METHODS The participants experience five experimental phases: baseline (BASE), stress task (MAT), stress task recovery (REC1), relaxation task (RLX), and relaxation task recovery (REC2). The four entropy indices, approximate entropy, sample entropy, fuzzy entropy, and Shannon entropy, are extracted for each phase, and a total of 20 features are used. A support vector machine classifier and recursive feature elimination are employed for classification. RESULTS The entropy features are lower in the MDD group; however, the disease does not have a significant effect. Experimental tasks significantly affect the features. The entropy did not recover during REC1. The differences in the entropy features between the two groups increased after MAT and showed the largest gap in REC2. We achieved 70% accuracy, 64% sensitivity, and 76% specificity with three optimal features during RLX and REC2. CONCLUSION Monitoring of HRV complexity changes when a subject experiences autonomic arousal and recovery can potentially facilitate objective depression recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwon Byun
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Ah Young Kim
- Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Jang
- Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Korea
| | - Seunghwan Kim
- Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Korea
| | - Kwan Woo Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Han Young Yu
- Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
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Fiol-Veny A, Balle M, Fiskum C, Bornas X. Sex differences in adolescents' cardiac reactivity and recovery under acute stress: The importance of nonlinear measures. Psychophysiology 2019; 57:e13488. [PMID: 31571235 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
How well adolescents can self-regulate in the face of stressors has considerable implications for long-term well-being and risk of psychopathology. This study investigated sex differences in adolescents' cardiac reactivity and recovery during a stressful task. Measures of cardiac variability (linear) and complexity (nonlinear) were obtained from N = 92 adolescents, 41 males (M age = 13.28, SD = 0.69; BMI = 21.9) and 51 females (M age = 13.36, SD = 0.67; BMI = 21.5). The adolescents underwent the Trier Social Stress Test, consisting of five conditions: baseline, anticipation, social exposure, math task, and recovery. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed that female in comparison to male adolescents showed lower cardiac complexity revealed by higher short-term scaling exponent at baseline (p = .006) and math (p = .013) and lower entropy at exposure (p = .013) and math (p = .012). A marginal between-groups effect was found for Higuchi's fractal dimension, F(1, 90) = 3.67, p = .059, ηp 2 = .041, with females showing lower fractal dimension than males in math (p = .037). Linear measures did not reveal sex-related differences. Results suggest that adolescent females show lower cardiac complexity during stress. These findings support the importance of nonlinear cardiac measures for understanding cardiac reactivity during stress. Further research is needed to test the hypothesis that cardiac complexity is useful to detect an increased risk of emotional disorders, disorders that are more prevalent in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Fiol-Veny
- University Research Institute of Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Maria Balle
- University Research Institute of Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Charlotte Fiskum
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xavier Bornas
- University Research Institute of Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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Zhang X, Shen J, Din ZU, Liu J, Wang G, Hu B. Multimodal Depression Detection: Fusion of Electroencephalography and Paralinguistic Behaviors Using a Novel Strategy for Classifier Ensemble. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2019; 23:2265-2275. [PMID: 31478879 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2019.2938247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Currently, depression has become a common mental disorder and one of the main causes of disability worldwide. Due to the difference in depressive symptoms evoked by individual differences, how to design comprehensive and effective depression detection methods has become an urgent demand. This study explored from physiological and behavioral perspectives simultaneously and fused pervasive electroencephalography (EEG) and vocal signals to make the detection of depression more objective, effective and convenient. After extraction of several effective features for these two types of signals, we trained six representational classifiers on each modality, then denoted diversity and correlation of decisions from different classifiers using co-decision tensor and combined these decisions into the ultimate classification result with multi-agent strategy. Experimental results on 170 (81 depressed patients and 89 normal controls) subjects showed that the proposed multi-modal depression detection strategy is superior to the single-modal classifiers or other typical late fusion strategies in accuracy, f1-score and sensitivity. This work indicates that late fusion of pervasive physiological and behavioral signals is promising for depression detection and the multi-agent strategy can take advantage of diversity and correlation of different classifiers effectively to gain a better final decision.
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Byun S, Kim AY, Jang EH, Kim S, Choi KW, Yu HY, Jeon HJ. Detection of major depressive disorder from linear and nonlinear heart rate variability features during mental task protocol. Comput Biol Med 2019; 112:103381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Hernando D, Roca S, Sancho J, Alesanco Á, Bailón R. Validation of the Apple Watch for Heart Rate Variability Measurements during Relax and Mental Stress in Healthy Subjects. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E2619. [PMID: 30103376 PMCID: PMC6111985 DOI: 10.3390/s18082619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a noninvasive tool widely used to assess autonomic nervous system state. The market for wearable devices that measure the heart rate has grown exponentially, as well as their potential use for healthcare and wellbeing applications. Still, there is a lack of validation of these devices. In particular, this work aims to validate the Apple Watch in terms of HRV derived from the RR interval series provided by the device, both in temporal (HRM (mean heart rate), SDNN, RMSSD and pNN50) and frequency (low and high frequency powers, LF and HF) domain. For this purpose, a database of 20 healthy volunteers subjected to relax and a mild cognitive stress was used. First, RR interval series provided by Apple Watch were validated using as reference the RR interval series provided by a Polar H7 using Bland-Altman plots and reliability and agreement coefficients. Then, HRV parameters derived from both RR interval series were compared and their ability to identify autonomic nervous system (ANS) response to mild cognitive stress was studied. Apple Watch measurements presented very good reliability and agreement (>0.9). RR interval series provided by Apple Watch contain gaps due to missing RR interval values (on average, 5 gaps per recording, lasting 6.5 s per gap). Temporal HRV indices were not significantly affected by the gaps. However, they produced a significant decrease in the LF and HF power. Despite these differences, HRV indices derived from the Apple Watch RR interval series were able to reflect changes induced by a mild mental stress, showing a significant decrease of HF power as well as RMSSD in stress with respect to relax, suggesting the potential use of HRV measurements derived from Apple Watch for stress monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hernando
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation & Computational Simulation (BSICoS) Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Surya Roca
- Communications Networks and Information Technologies (CeNIT) Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jorge Sancho
- Communications Networks and Information Technologies (CeNIT) Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Alesanco
- Communications Networks and Information Technologies (CeNIT) Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Raquel Bailón
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation & Computational Simulation (BSICoS) Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Valenza G, Citi L, Garcia RG, Taylor JN, Toschi N, Barbieri R. Complexity Variability Assessment of Nonlinear Time-Varying Cardiovascular Control. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42779. [PMID: 28218249 PMCID: PMC5316947 DOI: 10.1038/srep42779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of complex systems theory to physiology and medicine has provided meaningful information about the nonlinear aspects underlying the dynamics of a wide range of biological processes and their disease-related aberrations. However, no studies have investigated whether meaningful information can be extracted by quantifying second-order moments of time-varying cardiovascular complexity. To this extent, we introduce a novel mathematical framework termed complexity variability, in which the variance of instantaneous Lyapunov spectra estimated over time serves as a reference quantifier. We apply the proposed methodology to four exemplary studies involving disorders which stem from cardiology, neurology and psychiatry: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), Major Depression Disorder (MDD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients with insomnia under a yoga training regime. We show that complexity assessments derived from simple time-averaging are not able to discern pathology-related changes in autonomic control, and we demonstrate that between-group differences in measures of complexity variability are consistent across pathologies. Pathological states such as CHF, MDD, and PD are associated with an increased complexity variability when compared to healthy controls, whereas wellbeing derived from yoga in PTSD is associated with lower time-variance of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Valenza
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Information Engineering and Bioengineering and Robotics Research Centre “E. Piaggio”, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Citi
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Ronald G. Garcia
- Masira Research Institute, School of Medicine, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Nicola Toschi
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Barbieri
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Lin A, Liu KKL, Bartsch RP, Ivanov PC. Delay-correlation landscape reveals characteristic time delays of brain rhythms and heart interactions. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:rsta.2015.0182. [PMID: 27044991 PMCID: PMC4822443 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Within the framework of 'Network Physiology', we ask a fundamental question of how modulations in cardiac dynamics emerge from networked brain-heart interactions. We propose a generalized time-delay approach to identify and quantify dynamical interactions between physiologically relevant brain rhythms and the heart rate. We perform empirical analysis of synchronized continuous EEG and ECG recordings from 34 healthy subjects during night-time sleep. For each pair of brain rhythm and heart interaction, we construct a delay-correlation landscape (DCL) that characterizes how individual brain rhythms are coupled to the heart rate, and how modulations in brain and cardiac dynamics are coordinated in time. We uncover characteristic time delays and an ensemble of specific profiles for the probability distribution of time delays that underly brain-heart interactions. These profiles are consistently observed in all subjects, indicating a universal pattern. Tracking the evolution of DCL across different sleep stages, we find that the ensemble of time-delay profiles changes from one physiologic state to another, indicating a strong association with physiologic state and function. The reported observations provide new insights on neurophysiological regulation of cardiac dynamics, with potential for broad clinical applications. The presented approach allows one to simultaneously capture key elements of dynamic interactions, including characteristic time delays and their time evolution, and can be applied to a range of coupled dynamical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Lin
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China Keck Laboratory for Network Physiology, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kang K L Liu
- Keck Laboratory for Network Physiology, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ronny P Bartsch
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Plamen Ch Ivanov
- Keck Laboratory for Network Physiology, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1784, Bulgaria
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Relationship between cardiac vagal activity and mood congruent memory bias in major depression. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:19-25. [PMID: 26480207 PMCID: PMC4685006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that autonomic reactivity during encoding of emotional information could modulate the neural processes mediating mood-congruent memory. In this study, we use a point-process model to determine dynamic autonomic tone in response to negative emotions and its influence on long-term memory of major depressed subjects. METHODS Forty-eight patients with major depression and 48 healthy controls were randomly assigned to either neutral or emotionally arousing audiovisual stimuli. An adaptive point-process algorithm was applied to compute instantaneous estimates of the spectral components of heart rate variability [Low frequency (LF), 0.04-0.15 Hz; High frequency (HF), 0.15-0.4 Hz]. Three days later subjects were submitted to a recall test. RESULTS A significant increase in HF power was observed in depressed subjects in response to the emotionally arousing stimulus (p=0.03). The results of a multivariate analysis revealed that the HF power during the emotional segment of the stimulus was independently associated with the score of the recall test in depressed subjects, after adjusting for age, gender and educational level (Coef. 0.003, 95%CI, 0.0009-0.005, p=0.008). LIMITATIONS These results could only be interpreted as responses to elicitation of specific negative emotions, the relationship between HF changes and encoding/recall of positive stimuli should be further examined. CONCLUSIONS Alterations on parasympathetic response to emotion are involved in the mood-congruent cognitive bias observed in major depression. These findings are clinically relevant because it could constitute the mechanism by which depressed patients maintain maladaptive patterns of negative information processing that trigger and sustain depressed mood.
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