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Huyghe T, Calleja-González J, Bird SP, Alcaraz PE. Pupillometry as a new window to player fatigue? A glimpse inside the eyes of a Euro Cup Women's Basketball team. Biol Sport 2024; 41:3-15. [PMID: 38188113 PMCID: PMC10765450 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.125590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A rapidly emerging area of interest in high-pressure environments is that of pupillometry, where handheld quantitative infrared pupillometers (HQIPs) are able to track psycho-physiological fatigue in a fast, objective, valid, reliable, and non-invasive manner. However, the application of HQIPs in the context of athlete monitoring is yet to be determined. Therefore, the main aim of this pilot study was to examine the potential usefulness of a HQIP to monitor game-induced fatigue inside a professional female basketball setting by determining its (1) test-retest repeatability, (2) relationship with other biomarkers of game-induced fatigue, and (3) time-course from rested to fatigued states. A non-ophthalmologic practitioner performed a standardized Pupil Light Reflex (PLR) test using a medically graded HQIP among 9 professional female basketball players (2020-2021 Euro Cup) at baseline, 24-h pre-game (GD-1), 24-h post-game (GD+1) and 48-h post-game (GD+2). This was repeated over four subsequent games, equalling a total of 351 observations per eye. Two out of seven pupillometrics displayed good ICCs (0.95-0.99) (MinD and MaxD). Strong significant relationships were found between MaxD, MinD, and all registered biomarkers of game-induced fatigue (r = 0.69-0.82, p < 0.05), as well as between CV, MCV, and cognitive, lower-extremity muscle, and physiological fatigue markers (r = 0.74-0.76, p < 0.05). Three pupillometrics were able to detect a significant difference between rested and fatigued states. In particular, PC (right) (F = 5.173, η2 = 0.115 p = 0.028) and MCV (right) (F = 3.976, η2 = 0.090 p = 0.049) significantly decreased from baseline to GD+2, and LAT (left) (F = 4.023, η2 = 0.109 p = 0.009) significantly increased from GD-1 to GD+2. HQIPs have opened a new window of opportunity for monitoring game-induced fatigue in professional female basketball players. However, future research initiatives across larger and heterogenous samples, and longer investigation periods, are required to expand upon these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Huyghe
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julio Calleja-González
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stephen P Bird
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich QLD, Australia
| | - Pedro E Alcaraz
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Li X, Song Y, Wang H, Su X, Wang M, Li J, Ren Z, Zhong D, Huang Z. Evaluation of measurement accuracy of wearable devices for heart rate variability. iScience 2023; 26:108128. [PMID: 37867933 PMCID: PMC10587522 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper proposed a method based on heart rate variability (HRV) for evaluating the accuracy of wearable devices in measuring heart rate. HRV refers to the variation in time intervals between successive heartbeats, widely used in many fields such as clinical and sports fields. Wearable devices such as Electrocardiogram (ECG) electrode patches have gained popularity due to their portability and ease of use. However, they can be prone to measurement interference caused by environmental noise, human respiration, etc. The proposed method consists of four main components: selection of "gold standard measurement devices", identification of HRV measurement metrics, construction of an HRV evaluation framework, and quantification of measurement errors. The method is validated through simulated experiments using ECG patches. The evaluation framework and quantification model established in this method have significant implications in establishment of industry standards and diagnosis of diseases in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchen Li
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China
| | - Yuting Song
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Huang Wang
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China
| | - Xinyu Su
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jing Li
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518063, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ren
- National Sports Technology Innovation Center Beijing Co., Ltd. Beijing 100061, China
| | - Daidi Zhong
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Pourhassan J, Sarginson J, Hitzl W, Richter K. Cognitive function in soccer athletes determined by sleep disruption and self-reported health, yet not by decision-reinvestment. Front Neurol 2023; 13:872761. [PMID: 36814538 PMCID: PMC9939841 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.872761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep disruption (SD) increases sympathetic activity and cortisol secretion, and delays cognitive functions such as reaction-time (RT). Sympathetic activity of disturbed sleepers, is similar to those of so-called decision-reinvesters. Decision-reinvestment refers to traits in individuals with greater tendency to ruminate and reinvest in their decisions, with significant decrease in both motor-control and cognitive performance. Decision-making quality is a crucial attribute to athletic performance which relies on RT. Consequently, SD affects pitch-performance negatively, particularly in decision-reinvesters. This observational pilot-study examined the relationship between SD and cognitive function, perceived health, as well as reinvestment strategies. The hypothesis was that athletes with lower SD perceive their health better, report lower stress levels, perform better in cognitive tasks, and show lower tendency for decision-reinvestment. Methods Twenty-one football player recorded their sleep with fit-trackers for 7 nights. Participants self-reported their mental and physical health, decision-reinvestment strategy, sleep behaviour, and perceived stress levels. Athletes then performed a set of cognitive tests to examine memory function (Backwards Corsi), selective attention (STROOP), and cognitive flexibility (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, WCST). Normality was tested with a Shapiro-Wilk test, and analysed with a Pearson's or Spearman's correlation test. Results Significant correlation appeared between extended sleep-interruptions and Backwards Corsi RT, r = 0.66, p = 0.010, as further in total sleep time and wellbeing r = 0.50, p = 0.029. A negative correlation exist in regard of pain scores and Backwards Corsi scores r = -0.57, p = 0.110. Physical health correlated with error-rates in the WCST, r = 0.69, p ≤ 0.001. Also, reinvestment negatively correlated with physical health, r = -0.80, p ≤ 0.001. Conclusion Wellbeing relies on total sleep-time. Athletes with extended sleep-interruptions are slower in recalling memory, and those with greater reported pain have lower memory scores. Participants who rate physical health greater, have more error-rates in the WCST; indicating that cognitive flexibility is enhanced in individuals with inferior perceived health. However, individuals with lower physical health scores also have greater tendency to ruminate and reinvest in decisions, suggesting interrelation between reinvestment and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Pourhassan
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom,University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Nuernberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany,*Correspondence: Jasmin Pourhassan ✉
| | - Jane Sarginson
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Hitzl
- Department Research and Innovation Management (RIM), Biostatistics and Publication of Clinical Trial Studies, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kneginja Richter
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Nuernberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany,Faculty for Social Work, Technical University for Applied Sciences, Nuremberg, Germany,Faculty for Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, North Macedonia,Kneginja Richter ✉
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Mallet RT, Burtscher J, Pialoux V, Pasha Q, Ahmad Y, Millet GP, Burtscher M. Molecular Mechanisms of High-Altitude Acclimatization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021698. [PMID: 36675214 PMCID: PMC9866500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
High-altitude illnesses (HAIs) result from acute exposure to high altitude/hypoxia. Numerous molecular mechanisms affect appropriate acclimatization to hypobaric and/or normobaric hypoxia and curtail the development of HAIs. The understanding of these mechanisms is essential to optimize hypoxic acclimatization for efficient prophylaxis and treatment of HAIs. This review aims to link outcomes of molecular mechanisms to either adverse effects of acute high-altitude/hypoxia exposure or the developing tolerance with acclimatization. After summarizing systemic physiological responses to acute high-altitude exposure, the associated acclimatization, and the epidemiology and pathophysiology of various HAIs, the article focuses on molecular adjustments and maladjustments during acute exposure and acclimatization to high altitude/hypoxia. Pivotal modifying mechanisms include molecular responses orchestrated by transcription factors, most notably hypoxia inducible factors, and reciprocal effects on mitochondrial functions and REDOX homeostasis. In addition, discussed are genetic factors and the resultant proteomic profiles determining these hypoxia-modifying mechanisms culminating in successful high-altitude acclimatization. Lastly, the article discusses practical considerations related to the molecular aspects of acclimatization and altitude training strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Mallet
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Johannes Burtscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, FR-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Qadar Pasha
- Institute of Hypoxia Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Yasmin Ahmad
- Defense Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defense Research & Development Organization(DRDO), New Delhi 110054, India
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Austrian Society for Alpine and High-Altitude Medicine, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Two-dimensional and three-dimensional multiple object tracking learning performance in adolescent female soccer players: The role of flow experience reflected by heart rate variability. Physiol Behav 2023; 258:114009. [PMID: 36326537 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional multiple object tracking (3D-MOT) has been used in various fields to mimic real-life tracking, especially in perceptual-cognitive skills training for soccer. Yet, the learning efficiency in 3D-MOT tasks has not been compared with 2D-MOT. Further, whether the advantage can be reflected by heart rate variability (HRV) based on the neurovisceral integration model should also be examined. Therefore, we used both 2D- and 3D-MOT in a brief adaptive task procedure for adolescent female soccer players with HRV measurement. A faster tracking speed threshold of participants was found in the 3D- compared to 2D-MOT, as well as average tracking speed in the last training period of 3D-MOT. Moreover, lower low frequency (LF) components of HRV in the 3D-MOT indicated a flow experience, demonstrating the provision of more attentional resources. Therefore, we observed that adolescent female soccer players demonstrated higher learning efficiency in 3D-MOT tasks in virtual reality (VR) through a higher flow experience. This study examined the learning efficiency between the two MOT tasks in the soccer domain using evidence from HRV and highlighted the utility and applicability of 3D-MOT application.
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Villafaina S, Crespo M, Martínez-Gallego R, Fuentes-García JP. Heart Rate Variability in Elite International ITF Junior Davis Cup Tennis Players. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:17. [PMID: 36671710 PMCID: PMC9855644 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the evolution of the HRV during an international team tennis tournament in elite junior tennis players. A total of 11 tennis players, with a mean age of 15.36 (0.67) from six nationalities, participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants were measured one day before the event, before the first match, and before the second match of the ITF Junior Davis Cup event. Each of the registers lasted 5 min and the time domain, frequency domain and non-linear variables were extracted. The tournament took place in Valencia (Spain). Results showed that there was not a significant decrease in the heart rate variability (HRV) induced by precompetitive stress. However, significant differences (p-value < 0.05) were found between baseline and second match pre-competition HRV values in low frequency (LFNu) (p-value = 0.008) and high frequency (HFNu) power (p-value = 0.008), LF/HF ratio (p-value = 0.008) and Sample Entropy (SampEn) (p-value = 0.033) variables. Furthermore, cognitive anxiety (measured by CSAI-2r) (p-value = 0.017) and anxiety (measured by STAI-S) (p-value = 0.042) were higher before the first match than before the second match. Coaches and physical trainers could use HRV to control and manage the precompetitive anxiety of junior tennis players. The experience in international tournaments and the familiarization with the environment in the second match could explain these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santos Villafaina
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda: Universidad S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7005-849 Évora, Portugal
| | - Miguel Crespo
- Development Department, International Tennis Federation, London SW15 5XZ, UK
| | | | - Juan Pedro Fuentes-García
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda: Universidad S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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García F, Fernández D, Vázquez-Guerrero J, Font R, Moreno-Planas B, Álamo-Arce D, Medina-Ramírez R, Mallol-Soler M. Recovery of the physiological status in professional basketball players using NESA neuromodulation treatment during different types of microcycles in season: A preliminary randomized clinical trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1032020. [PMID: 36483295 PMCID: PMC9723228 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1032020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to describe and compare recovery status after official basketball competition in players who underwent NESA neuromodulation treatment (NNT) in weeks with one or two matches. The recovery parameters of 12 professional male basketball players (mean ± SD, age: 20.6 ± 2.7 yr; height: 197.8 ± 11.7 cm; and body mass: 89.0 ± 21.2 kg) that competed in the LEB Plata (Spanish third division) were monitored 2 days after match-play over 6 weeks, and included: 1) the Hooper Test, which combines four subjective variables (sleep, stress, fatigue and soreness); 2) common biochemical markers (e.g., testosterone, cortisol and ratio T:C); and 3) lowest heart rate [HR], average HR, HR variability, sleep duration, awake time during night and onset latency before asleep). Players that completed NNT presented differences compared to the control group in sleep data. For instance, the lowest HR (p < 0.001), average HR (p < 0.001) and total awake time (p = 0.04) were significantly reduced in the NNT group. On the contrary, the control group presented greater values than the NNT group in the subjective Hooper Test, although only stress presented significant differences (Control 2.5 ± 1.2 vs. NNT cost or 3.2 ± 0.9; p = 0.01). Additionally, there were no significant differences in recovery parameters between weeks with one or two matches. In conclusion, the results suggest that players that underwent NNT tended to improve their sleep quality. Nevertheless, player's values in the biochemical markers and wellness status remained similar in both groups. The fact that no significant differences were found between weeks with one or two matches could help basketball professionals to determine that a congested schedule does not seem to negatively alter recovery status. Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04939181?term=NCT04939181, NCT04939181.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. García
- Sports Performance Area, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barça Innovation Hub, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D. Fernández
- Sports Performance Area, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barça Innovation Hub, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Vázquez-Guerrero
- Sports Performance Area, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barça Innovation Hub, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R. Font
- Sports Performance Area, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barça Innovation Hub, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B. Moreno-Planas
- Physical Therapy, University Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - D. Álamo-Arce
- SocDig Research Group, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - R. Medina-Ramírez
- SocDig Research Group, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - M. Mallol-Soler
- Sports Performance Area, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barça Innovation Hub, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Fuentes-García JP, Crespo M, Martínez-Gallego R, Villafaina S. Impact of match-induced pressure on HRV of junior tennis players. Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113836. [PMID: 35508281 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the impact of a tennis competition on the HRV of nationally ranked junior girls and boys tennis players. A total of 22 nationally ranked tennis players (8 girls and 14 boys), with a mean age of 14.18 (2.15) and experience in national tournaments of 4.23 (2.27) years, participated in this cross-sectional study. Boys had a mean age of 14.36 (1.86) years-old and girls had a mean age of 13.87 (2.69) years old. Participants were assessed the day before and 20 min before the competition match. Significantly reduction in time-domain variables such as the time between intervals R-R (RR-interval) (p-value = 0.001), the percentage of intervals >50 ms different from the previous interval (pNN50) (p-value = 0.020) and the square root of the mean of the squares of the successive differences of the interval RR (RMSSD) (p-value = 0.028) were found between baseline and pre-match assessments. Furthermore, the non-linear measure based on the dispersion, standard deviation, of points perpendicular to the axis of line-of-identity in the Poincaré plot (SD1) (p-value = 0.028) was also significantly reduced before the match when compared to the baseline. However, differences between girls and boys junior tennis players were not found in the pre-competitive heart rate variability (HRV) variables (p-value >0.05). HRV is a convenient, non-invasive measurement that can be easily performed with a watch at home and on the field in order to control and manage match-induced pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pedro Fuentes-García
- Universidad de Extremadura, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte. Avda: Universidad S/N, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Miguel Crespo
- Development Department, International Tennis Federation, London SW15 5XZ, UK.
| | | | - Santos Villafaina
- Universidad de Extremadura, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte. Avda: Universidad S/N, 10003, Cáceres, Spain; Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal.
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Ovchinnikov AN, Deryugina AV, Paoli A. Royal Jelly Plus Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation Enhances High-Intensity Interval Exercise Performance via Alterations in Cardiac Autonomic Regulation and Blood Lactate Concentration in Runners. Front Nutr 2022; 9:893515. [PMID: 35811968 PMCID: PMC9263918 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.893515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to examine whether oral royal jelly (RJ) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) co-supplementation could improve high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) performance in runners, reducing exercise-induced lactic acidosis and decreasing elevated sympathetic tone following exercise. Methods Thirty regional-level runners (age: 19 ± 1 years; height: 173 ± 2 cm; body mass: 68.9 ± 2 kg; body mass index: 23.1 ± 1 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to receive either 400 mg of RJ and 60 mg of CoQ10 (RJQ) or matching placebo (PLA) once daily for 10 days. Exercise performance expressed as time taken to complete HIIE was evaluated at baseline, and then reassessed at day 10 of intervention. HIIE protocol applied to the runners included three repetitions of 100 m distance at maximum possible speed interspersed with 45 s of recovery periods. Indices of heart rate variability and blood lactate concentration were also measured before and immediately after HIIE in each group. Results HIIE performance significantly improved in RJQ group (p = 0.005) compared to PLA group. Blood lactate levels and sympathetic influence on the heart were significantly lower both before and after the HIIE in athletes who received RJQ (p < 0.05) compared to PLA. Regression analysis showed that oral RJQ administration for 10 days was significantly associated with reductions in HIIE-induced increases in blood lactate concentration and enhanced cardiac parasympathetic modulation following exercise compared to PLA. Principal component analysis revealed that runners treated with RJQ are grouped by the first two principal components into a separate cluster compared to PLA. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the improvements in runners' HIIE performance were due in significant part to RJQ-induced reduction of increment in blood lactate levels in response to exercise in combination with a more rapid shift in autonomic activity toward increased parasympathetic control early at post-exercise. Conclusion These findings suggest that RJQ supplementation for 10 days is potentially effective for enhancing HIIE performance and alleviating adverse effects of increased intramuscular acidity and prolonged sympathetic dominance following intense exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna V. Deryugina
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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10
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Botelho R, Abad CCC, Spadari RC, Winckler C, Garcia MC, Guerra RLF. Psychophysiological Stress Markers During Preseason Among Elite Female Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1648-1654. [PMID: 35622110 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Botelho, R, Abad, CCC, Spadari, RC, Winckler, C, Garcia, MC, and Guerra, RLF. Psychophysiological stress markers during preseason among elite female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1648-1654, 2022-This study aimed to investigate changes and correlations between mood states and various physiological stress markers after a 7-week preseason period among elite female soccer players. Twenty-four elite female soccer players participated in this study (26.4 ± 3.7 years). Their internal training load, mood states, day and evening salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations, blood creatine kinase concentration (CK), and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed during the first week of preseason (PRE), and again 7 weeks after a systematic training period (END). After the preseason, there were significant increases in subject negative mood scales (p ≤ 0.03; Effect Size [ES] > 0.60), total mood scores (p = 0.01; QI = 100/0/0; ES = 1.32), day and evening testosterone and cortisol concentrations (p ≤ 0.03; ES > 0.54), and CK concentrations (p = 0.01; QI = 100/0/0; ES = 1.54). Correlations were found between cortisol and tension (r = 0.53 and 0.60; p ≤ 0.02), cortisol and confusion (r = 0.75; p = 0.01), and cortisol and the LF/HF index of HRV (r = -0.52; p = 0.04). Mood states (except vigor), salivary testosterone, and cortisol concentrations, as well as CK, showed significant changes after a 7-week systematic training system. The cortisol was the factor most highly related to various mood states (including tension and confusion), and with the HRV indices. Coaches and researchers can use these data to design, monitor, and control soccer training programs, in particular throughout the preseason period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Botelho
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.,Sport Science Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar C C Abad
- Nucleus of High Performance in Sport (NAR), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Lusofona Faculty, Health and Science Department, Cotia, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina C Spadari
- Stress Biology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ciro Winckler
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil; and
| | - Márcia C Garcia
- Stress Biology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L F Guerra
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil; and.,Sport Science Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
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11
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Bourdillon N, Yazdani S, Vesin JM, Schmitt L, Millet GP. RMSSD Is More Sensitive to Artifacts Than Frequency-Domain Parameters: Implication in Athletes' Monitoring. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:260-266. [PMID: 35719238 PMCID: PMC9157524 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Easy-to-use and accurate heart rate variability (HRV) assessments are essential in athletes' follow-up, but artifacts may lead to erroneous analysis. Artifact detection and correction are the purpose of extensive literature and implemented in dedicated analysis programs. However, the effects of number and/or magnitude of artifacts on various time- or frequency-domain parameters remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of artifacts on HRV parameters. Root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD), standard deviation of the normal to normal inter beat intervals (SDNN), power in the low- (LF) and high-frequency band (HF) were computed from two 4-min RR recordings in 178 participants in both supine and standing positions, respectively. RRs were modified by (1) randomly adding or subtracting 10, 30, 50 or 100 ms to the successive RRs; (2) a single artifact was manually inserted; (3) artifacts were automatically corrected from signal naturally containing artifacts. Finally, RR recordings were analyzed before and after automatic detection-correction of artifacts. Modifying each RR by 10, 30, 50 and 100 ms randomly did not significantly change HRV parameters (range -6%, +6%, supine). In contrast, by adding a single artifact, RMSSD increased by 413% and 269%, SDNN by 54% and 47% in supine and standing positions, respectively. LF and HF changed only between -3% and +8% (supine and standing) in the artifact condition. When more than 0.9% of the signal contained artifacts, RMSSD was significantly biased, whilst when more than 1.4% of the signal contained artifacts LF and HF were significantly biased. RMSSD and SDNN were more sensitive to a single artifact than LF and HF. This indicates that, when using RMSSD only, a single artifact may induce erroneous interpretation of HRV. Therefore, we recommend using both time- and frequency-domain parameters to minimize the errors in the diagnoses of health status or fatigue in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bourdillon
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- be.care SA, Renens, Switzerland
| | | | - Jean-Marc Vesin
- ASPG, Applied Signal Processing Group, EPFL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Schmitt
- National Centre of Nordic-Ski, Research and Performance, Prémanon, France
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Fiedler J, Šmite Z, Suvi S, Timpmann S, Mooses M, Medijainen L, Unt E, Ööpik V. Impact of sodium citrate ingestion during recovery after strenuous exercise in the heat on heart rate variability: A randomized, crossover study. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15280. [PMID: 35510322 PMCID: PMC9069164 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in hydration status influence plasma volume (PV) which is associated with post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation. The present study hypothesized that, after dehydrating cycling exercise in the heat (DE), stimulation of PV expansion with sodium citrate (CIT) supplementation would promote heart rate variability (HRV) recovery in endurance-trained men. Twelve participants lost 4% of body mass during DE. During subsequent 16-h recovery, participants consumed water ad libitum (CIT =5.5-L, PLC =5.1-L) and ate prescribed food supplemented with CIT or placebo in a randomized, double-blind, crossover manner. Relative changes in PV were assessed across DE and 16-h recovery. HRV was analyzed before and 16 h after DE in three conditions for altogether four 5-min periods: supine in a thermoneutral environment, supine in the heat (32°C, 46% relative humidity; 2 periods), and standing in the heat. A larger expansion of PV across 16-h recovery occurred in CIT compared to placebo trial (p < 0.0001). However, no between-trial differences appeared in HRV parameters (lnRMSSD, lnSDNN, lnLF/HF) in any 5-min period analyzed before or 16 h after DE (in all cases p > 0.05). Increases in HR (p < 0.001) and lnLF/HF (p = 0.005) and decreases in lnRMSSD (p < 0.001) and lnSDNN (p < 0.001) occurred following DE in both trials. Larger PV expansion induced by CIT supplementation after DE does not improve recovery of HRV at rest and has no influence on HRV responsiveness in endurance-trained men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Fiedler
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zane Šmite
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Silva Suvi
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Saima Timpmann
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Mooses
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Luule Medijainen
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Unt
- Department of Sports, Medicine, and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vahur Ööpik
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Mauvieux B, Hingrand C, Drigny J, Hodzic A, Baron P, Hurdiel R, Jouffroy R, Vauthier JC, Pessiglione M, Wiehler A, Degache F, Pavailler S, Heyman E, Plard M, Noirez P, Dubois B, Esculier JF, Nguyen AP, Van Cant J, Roy Baillargeon O, Pairot de Fontenay B, Delaunay PL, Besnard S. Study of the kinetics of the determinants of performance during a mountain ultra marathon: Multidisciplinary protocol of the first Trail Scientifique de Clécy 2021 (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e38027. [PMID: 35704381 PMCID: PMC9244647 DOI: 10.2196/38027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The growing interest of the scientific community in trail running has highlighted the acute effects of practice at the time of these races on isolated aspects of physiological and structural systems; biological, physiological, cognitive, and muscular functions; and the psychological state of athletes. However, no integrative study has been conducted under these conditions with so many participants and monitoring of pre-, per-, and postrace variables for up to 10 days over a distance close to 100 miles. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of the performance parameters during a 156 km trail run and 6000 m of elevation gain in pre-, per-, and postrace conditions. The general hypothesis is based on significant alterations in the psychological, physiological, mechanical, biological, and cognitive parameters. Methods The Trail Scientifique de Clécy took place on November 11, 2021. This prospective experimental study provides a comprehensive exploration of the constraints and adaptations of psychophysiological and sociological variables assessed in real race conditions during a trail running of 156 km on hilly ground and 6000 m of elevation gain (D+). The study protocol allowed for repeatability of study measurements under the same experimental conditions during the race, with the race being divided into 6 identical loops of 26 km and 1000 m D+. Measurements were conducted the day before and the morning of the race, at the end of each lap, after a pit stop, and up to 10 days after the race. A total of 55 participants were included, 43 (78%) men and 12 (22%) women, who were experienced in ultra–trail-running events and with no contraindications to the practice of this sport. Results The launch of the study was authorized on October 26, 2021, under the trial number 21-0166 after a favorable opinion from the Comité de Protection des Personnes Ouest III (21.09.61/SIRIPH 2G 21.01586.000009). Of the 55 runners enrolled, 41 (75%) completed the race and 14 (25%) dropped out for various reasons, including gastric problems, hypothermia, fatigue, and musculoskeletal injuries. All the measurements for each team were completed in full. The race times (ie, excluding the measurements) ranged from 17.8206 hours for the first runner to 35.9225 hours for the last runner. The average time to complete all measurements for each lap was 64 (SD 3) minutes. Conclusions The Trail Scientifique de Clécy, by its protocol, allowed for a multidisciplinary approach to the discipline. This approach will allow for the explanation of the studied parameters in relation to each other and observation of the systems of dependence and independence. The initial results are expected in June 2022. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/38027
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joffrey Drigny
- U1075 Comete/INSERM, Université de Caen, Caen, France
- Unité de Médecine du Sport, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Amir Hodzic
- U1075 Comete/INSERM, Université de Caen, Caen, France
- Unité de Médecine du Sport, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Pauline Baron
- ULR 7369 - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Rémy Hurdiel
- ULR 7369 - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Romain Jouffroy
- Intensive Care Unit, Anaethesiology, SAMU, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- IRMES - Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport, Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Paris, France
- INSERM U-1018, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Vauthier
- Departement de Medecine Générale, Faculté de Médecine - Département du Grand Est de recherche en soins primaires, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Mathias Pessiglione
- Motivation, Brain and Behavior lab, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière Inserm U1127, CNRS U9225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC-Paris 6), Paris, France
| | - Antonius Wiehler
- Motivation, Brain and Behavior lab, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière Inserm U1127, CNRS U9225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC-Paris 6), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Elsa Heyman
- ULR 7369 - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société, Université de Lille, LILLE, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Plard
- Espace et Sociétés UMR 6590 CNRS, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Noirez
- Performance Santé Métrologie Société (EA7507), Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | | | - Anh Phong Nguyen
- La Clinique du Coureur, Lac Beauport, QC, Canada
- Neuromusculoskeletal Laboratory, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain La Neuve, Belgium
| | - Joachim Van Cant
- La Clinique du Coureur, Lac Beauport, QC, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Institut Parnasse-ISEI, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Stéphane Besnard
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Neurologiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
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14
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Prigent G, Apte S, Paraschiv-Ionescu A, Besson C, Gremeaux V, Aminian K. Concurrent Evolution of Biomechanical and Physiological Parameters With Running-Induced Acute Fatigue. Front Physiol 2022; 13:814172. [PMID: 35222081 PMCID: PMC8874325 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.814172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the influence of running-induced acute fatigue on the homeostasis of the body is essential to mitigate the adverse effects and optimize positive adaptations to training. Fatigue is a multifactorial phenomenon, which influences biomechanical, physiological, and psychological facets. This work aimed to assess the evolution of these three facets with acute fatigue during a half-marathon. 13 recreational runners were equipped with one inertial measurement unit (IMU) on each foot, one combined global navigation satellite system-IMU-electrocardiogram sensor on the chest, and an Android smartphone equipped with an audio recording application. Spatio-temporal parameters for the running gait, along with the heart rate, its variability and complexity were computed using validated algorithms. Perceived fatigability was assessed using the rating-of-fatigue (ROF) scale at every 10 min of the race. The data was split into eight equal segments, corresponding to at least one ROF value per segment, and only level running parts were retained for analysis. During the race, contact time, duty factor, and trunk anteroposterior acceleration increased, and the foot strike angle and vertical stiffness decreased significantly. Heart rate showed a progressive increase, while the metrics for heart rate variability and complexity decreased during the race. The biomechanical parameters showed a significant alteration even with a small change in perceived fatigue, whereas the heart rate dynamics altered at higher changes. When divided into two groups, the slower runners presented a higher change in heart rate dynamics throughout the race than the faster runners; they both showed similar trends for the gait parameters. When tested for linear and non-linear correlations, heart rate had the highest association with biomechanical parameters, while the trunk anteroposterior acceleration had the lowest association with heart rate dynamics. These results indicate the ability of faster runners to better judge their physiological limits and hint toward a higher sensitivity of perceived fatigue to neuromuscular changes in the running gait. This study highlights measurable influences of acute fatigue, which can be studied only through concurrent measurement of biomechanical, physiological, and psychological facets of running in real-world conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gäelle Prigent
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Salil Apte
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anisoara Paraschiv-Ionescu
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Besson
- Sport Medicine Unit, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gremeaux
- Sport Medicine Unit, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kamiar Aminian
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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cardiac autonomic control and neural arousal as indexes of fatigue in professional bus drivers. Saf Health Work 2022; 13:148-154. [PMID: 35664913 PMCID: PMC9142350 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bus driving is a mentally demanding activity that requires prolonged attention to ensure safety. The aim of the study was to assess mental fatigue caused by driving a public bus and to find a profile of workers at higher risk. Methods We evaluated changes of critical flicker fusion (CFF) (index of central arousal) and heart rate variability (HRV) (index of autonomic balance) in a 6-hour driving shift on a real route, in 31 professional bus drivers, and we tested the influence of personal factors such as sleep quality, BMI, and age. Paired t-test was used to test differences of CFF and HRV between both initial and final phase of driving, while multiple linear regression tested the influence of personal variables on the indexes of mental fatigue. Results Results showed that CFF significantly decreased after 6 hours of bus driving (41.91 Hz, sd 3.31 vs. 41.15 Hz, sd 3.15; p = 0.041), and heart rate significantly decreased in the final phase of driving, with respect to the initial phase (85 vs. 78 bpm, p = 0.027). Increasing age (beta = -0.729, p = 0.022), risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (beta = -0.530, p = 0.04), and diurnal sleepiness (beta = -0.406, p = 0.017) showed a significant effect on influencing mental fatigue. Conclusion Elderly drivers at higher risk of sleep disorders are more prone to mental fatigue, when exposed to driving activity. Monitoring indexes of central arousal and autonomic balance, coupled with the use of structured questionnaires can represent a useful strategy to detect profile of workers at higher risk of mental fatigue in such duty.
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Tanner V, Faiss R, Saugy J, Bourdillon N, Schmitt L, Millet GP. Similar Supine Heart Rate Variability Changes During 24-h Exposure to Normobaric vs. Hypobaric Hypoxia. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:777800. [PMID: 34955728 PMCID: PMC8695977 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.777800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the differences between normobaric (NH) and hypobaric hypoxia (HH) on supine heart rate variability (HRV) during a 24-h exposure. We hypothesized a greater decrease in parasympathetic-related parameters in HH than in NH. Methods: A pooling of original data from forty-one healthy lowland trained men was analyzed. They were exposed to altitude either in NH (FIO2 = 15.7 ± 2.0%; PB = 698 ± 25 mmHg) or HH (FIO2 = 20.9%; PB = 534 ± 42 mmHg) in a randomized order. Pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), and supine HRV were measured during a 7-min rest period three times: before (in normobaric normoxia, NN), after 12 (H12), and 24 h (H24) of either NH or HH exposure. HRV parameters were analyzed for time- and frequency-domains. Results: SpO2 was lower in both hypoxic conditions than in NN and was higher in NH than HH at H24. Subjects showed similarly higher HR during both hypoxic conditions than in NN. No difference in HRV parameters was found between NH and HH at any time. The natural logarithm of root mean square of the successive differences (LnRMSSD) and the high frequency spectral power (HF), which reflect parasympathetic activity, decreased similarly in NH and HH when compared to NN. Conclusion: Despite SpO2 differences, changes in supine HRV parameters during 24-h exposure were similar between NH and HH conditions indicating a similar decrease in parasympathetic activity. Therefore, HRV can be analyzed similarly in NH and HH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérian Tanner
- Medicine School, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Faiss
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,REDs, Research and Expertise in Anti-Doping Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Saugy
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,REDs, Research and Expertise in Anti-Doping Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bourdillon
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Schmitt
- National Centre of Nordic-Ski, Research and Performance, Prémanon, France
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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High-Intensity Functional Training Guided by Individualized Heart Rate Variability Results in Similar Health and Fitness Improvements as Predetermined Training with Less Effort. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:jfmk6040102. [PMID: 34940511 PMCID: PMC8705715 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Heart rate variability (HRV) may be useful for prescribing high-intensity functional training (HIFT) exercise programs. This study aimed to compare effects of HRV-guided and predetermined HIFT on cardiovascular function, body composition, and performance. METHODS Recreationally-active adults (n = 55) were randomly assigned to predetermined HIFT (n = 29, age = 24.1 ± 4.1 years) or HRV-guided HIFT (n = 26, age = 23.7 ± 4.5) groups. Both groups completed 11 weeks of daily HRV recordings, 6 weeks of HIFT (5 d·week-1), and pre- and post-test body composition and fitness assessments. Meaningful changes in resting HRV were used to modulate (i.e., reduce) HRV-guided participants' exercise intensity. Linear mixed models were used with Bonferroni post hoc adjustment for analysis. RESULTS All participants significantly improved resting heart rate, lean mass, fat mass, strength, and work capacity. However, no significant between-groups differences were observed for cardiovascular function, body composition, or fitness changes. The HRV-guided group spent significantly fewer training days at high intensity (mean difference = -13.56 ± 0.83 days; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION HRV-guided HIFT produced similar improvements in cardiovascular function, body composition, and fitness as predetermined HIFT, despite fewer days at high intensity. HRV shows promise for prescribing individualized exercise intensity during HIFT.
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Mehta RK, Nuamah J. Relationship Between Acute Physical Fatigue and Cognitive Function During Orthostatic Challenge in Men and Women: A Neuroergonomics Investigation. HUMAN FACTORS 2021; 63:1437-1448. [PMID: 32686497 DOI: 10.1177/0018720820936794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postflight orthostatic challenge (OC), resulting from blood pooling in lower extremities, is a major health concern among astronauts that fly long-duration missions. Additionally, astronauts undergo physical demanding tasks resulting in acute fatigue, which can affect performance. However, the effects of concurrent OC and acute physical fatigue on performance have not been adequately investigated. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between acute physical fatigue and cognitive function during OC. METHODS Sixteen healthy participants performed the mental arithmetic task and psychomotor tracking tasks in the absence and presence of a prior 1-hour physically fatiguing exercise, on separate days under OC (induced via lower body negative pressure). We recorded task performances on the cognitive tests and prefrontal cortex oxygenation using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, along with physiological and subjective responses. RESULTS The introduction of the cognitive tasks during OC increased cerebral oxygenation; however, oxygenation decreased significantly with the cognitive tasks under the acute fatigue conditions, particularly during the tracking task and in males. These differences were accompanied by comparable task performances. DISCUSSION The findings suggest that mental arithmetic is a more effective countermeasure than psychomotor tracking under acute physical fatigue during OC. Whereas females did not show a significant difference in cerebral oxygenation due to task, males did, suggesting that it may be important to consider gender differences when developing countermeasures against OC.
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Piedra A, Caparrós T, Vicens-Bordas J, Peña J. Internal and External Load Control in Team Sports through a Multivariable Model. J Sports Sci Med 2021; 20:751-758. [PMID: 35321147 PMCID: PMC8488835 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Data related to 141 sessions of 10 semi-professional basketball players were analyzed during the competitive period of the 2018-2019 season using a multivariable model to determine possible associations between internal and external load variables and fatigue. Age, height, weight, sessional rate of perceived exertion (sRPE), summated-heart-rate-zones, heart rate variability, total accelerations and decelerations were the covariates, and post-session countermovement jump loss (10% or higher) the response variable. Based on the results observed, a rise in sRPE and accelerations and decelerations could be associated with increased lower-body neuromuscular fatigue. Observing neuromuscular fatigue was 1,008 times higher with each additional sRPE arbitrary unit (AU). Each additional high-intensity effort also increased the probability of significant levels of neuromuscular fatigue by 1,005 times. Fatigue arising from demanding sporting activities is acknowledged as a relevant inciting event leading to injuries. Thus, the methodology used in this study can be used then to monitor neuromuscular fatigue onset, also enhancing proper individual adaptations to training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Piedra
- National Institute of Physical Education and Sport of Catalonia, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Caparrós
- National Institute of Physical Education and Sport of Catalonia, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Sport Performance Analysis Research Group, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vicens-Bordas
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience, Department of Medical Sciences; and School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Javier Peña
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Sport Performance Analysis Research Group, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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Comparing the Effect of Aromatherapy with Peppermint and Lavender Essential Oils on Fatigue of Cardiac Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9925945. [PMID: 34567223 PMCID: PMC8457936 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9925945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Methods This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 105 cardiac patients. They were randomly divided into three groups: peppermint essential oil (n = 35), lavender essential oil (n = 35), and control (n = 35). Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was used to collect data. The intervention was performed for 7 nights. Before and after the intervention, the questionnaire was completed by all patients. In each intervention group, patients inhaled 3 drops of lavender or peppermint essential oils. In the control group, patients inhaled 3 drops of aromatic placebo. Results The results showed the average fatigue decreased in the study groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of lavender and peppermint in terms of mean fatigue after the intervention. However, there was a statistically significant difference between lavender and control groups (P < 0.001), as well as peppermint and control groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion Aromatherapy with peppermint and lavender essential oils can reduce the fatigue of cardiac patients, so the use of these fragrances is recommended.
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21
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Hottenrott L, Gronwald T, Hottenrott K, Wiewelhove T, Ferrauti A. Utilizing Heart Rate Variability for Coaching Athletes During and After Viral Infection: A Case Report in an Elite Endurance Athlete. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:612782. [PMID: 34541520 PMCID: PMC8446376 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.612782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Viral diseases have different individual progressions and can lead to considerable risks/long-term consequences. Therefore, it is not suitable to give general recommendations on a time off from training for athletes. This case report aims to investigate the relevance of detecting heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) during an orthostatic test (OT) to monitor the progression and recovery process during and after a viral disease in an elite endurance athlete. Methods: A 30-year-old elite marathon runner contracted a viral infection (upper respiratory tract infection) 4 weeks after a marathon race. RR intervals in HR time series in supine and standing positions were monitored daily in the morning. Analyzed parameters included HR, the time-domain HRV parameter root mean square of successive difference (RMSSD), peak HR (HRpeak) in a standing position, and the time to HR peak (tHRpeak). Results: During the 6-day viral infection period, HR increased significantly by an average of 11 bpm in the supine position and by 22 bpm in the standing position. In addition, the RMSSD decreased from 20.8 to 4.2 ms, the HRpeak decreased by 13 bpm, and the tHRpeak increased by 18 s in the standing position significantly. There were no significant changes in the pre-viral infection RMSSD values in the supine position. The viral infection led to a significant change in HR and HRV parameters. The cardiac autonomic system reacted more sensitively in the standing position compared to the supine position after a viral infection in the present case study. Conclusion: These data have provided supportive rationale as to why the OT with a change from supine to standing body position and the detection of different indicators based on HR and a vagal driven time-domain HRV parameter (RMSSD) is likely to be useful to detect viral diseases early on when implemented in daily routine. Given the case study nature of the findings, future research has to be conducted to investigate whether the use of the OT might be able to offer an innovative, non-invasive, and time-efficient possibility to detect and evaluate the health status of (elite endurance) athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hottenrott
- Department of Training and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Department of Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kuno Hottenrott
- Institute of Sports Science, Department of Training Science and Sports Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Thimo Wiewelhove
- Department of Training and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Ferrauti
- Department of Training and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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22
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Impact of the Result of Soccer Matches on the Heart Rate Variability of Women Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179414. [PMID: 34501999 PMCID: PMC8430763 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a match lost and a match won on post-competitive heart rate variability (HRV) in semi-professional female soccer athletes. A total of 13 players, with a mean age of 23.75 (5.32), from the Cáceres Women Football Club of the Spanish Second National Division participated in our study. They were evaluated in two microcycles which correspond to a match lost and a match won. For each microcycle, baseline and post-competitive measures were collected. Results indicate that HRV was significantly reduced before a match lost and won. Significant differences in HRV variables were observed when compared the lost match, and the match won. Results highlight the importance and usefulness of analyzing the HRV as an indicator of post-competitive fatigue in semiprofessional soccer players. Therefore, a competition’s results could be considered a relevant variable to consider when programming training load.
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23
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Matsumura S, Watanabe K, Saijo N, Ooishi Y, Kimura T, Kashino M. Positive Relationship Between Precompetitive Sympathetic Predominance and Competitive Performance in Elite Extreme Sports Athletes. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:712439. [PMID: 34498000 PMCID: PMC8421024 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.712439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elite athletes achieve superior performance under high pressure in competitive situations. Although it is known that such situations affect the precompetitive activity of their autonomic nervous system (ANS), the relationship between precompetitive ANS activity and performance remains controversial. Especially in extreme sports, it has been shown that cardiac sympathetic tone occurs in athletes before competition attempts. However, the relationship between precompetitive sympathetic tone and performance is unclear. To investigate this relationship in extreme sports, we organized a freestyle snowboard jumping competition and examined competitors' physiological states and performance during this event. The electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 20 elite snowboarders were measured 10 min before each jump in different competitive situations: practice, qualifying, and final sessions. The mean heart rate (HR), the low-frequency to high-frequency component ratio (LF/HF ratio), the logarithm of the HF (lnHF) component of the frequency-domain of the heart rate variability (HRV), the ratio of the standard deviation of all R-R intervals to the root mean square of successive differences of R-R intervals (SDNN/rMSSD ratio), and the rMSSD of the time-domain of the HRV were calculated from the ECG data. The results showed a significant increase in the mean HR as well as significant decreases in the lnHF component and rMSSD of the HRV as the sessions progressed. Interestingly, the mean HR, LF/HF ratio and SDNN/rMSSD ratio of the HRV showed significant positive correlations with competitive scores, and the lnHF component and rMSSD of the HRV showed significant negative correlations with the scores. Our results indicate that precompetitive ANS activity becomes predominantly sympathetic in elite extreme athletes, such as freestyle snowboarders, when the competition intensifies, and that this sympathetic predominance is positively related to competitive performance.
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24
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Prigent G, Aminian K, Rodrigues T, Vesin JM, Millet GP, Falbriard M, Meyer F, Paraschiv-Ionescu A. Indirect Estimation of Breathing Rate from Heart Rate Monitoring System during Running. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21165651. [PMID: 34451093 PMCID: PMC8402314 DOI: 10.3390/s21165651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in wearable technologies integrating multi-modal sensors have enabled the in-field monitoring of several physiological metrics. In sport applications, wearable devices have been widely used to improve performance while minimizing the risk of injuries and illness. The objective of this project is to estimate breathing rate (BR) from respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) using heart rate (HR) recorded with a chest belt during physical activities, yielding additional physiological insight without the need of an additional sensor. Thirty-one healthy adults performed a run at increasing speed until exhaustion on an instrumented treadmill. RR intervals were measured using the Polar H10 HR monitoring system attached to a chest belt. A metabolic measurement system was used as a reference to evaluate the accuracy of the BR estimation. The evaluation of the algorithms consisted of exploring two pre-processing methods (band-pass filters and relative RR intervals transformation) with different instantaneous frequency tracking algorithms (short-term Fourier transform, single frequency tracking, harmonic frequency tracking and peak detection). The two most accurate BR estimations were achieved by combining band-pass filters with short-term Fourier transform, and relative RR intervals transformation with harmonic frequency tracking, showing 5.5% and 7.6% errors, respectively. These two methods were found to provide reasonably accurate BR estimation over a wide range of breathing frequency. Future challenges consist in applying/validating our approaches during in-field endurance running in the context of fatigue assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Prigent
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.A.); (T.R.); (M.F.); (A.P.-I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kamiar Aminian
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.A.); (T.R.); (M.F.); (A.P.-I.)
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.A.); (T.R.); (M.F.); (A.P.-I.)
| | - Jean-Marc Vesin
- Applied Signal Processing Group, Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Mathieu Falbriard
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.A.); (T.R.); (M.F.); (A.P.-I.)
| | - Frédéric Meyer
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Anisoara Paraschiv-Ionescu
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.A.); (T.R.); (M.F.); (A.P.-I.)
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25
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Stephenson MD, Thompson AG, Merrigan JJ, Stone JD, Hagen JA. Applying Heart Rate Variability to Monitor Health and Performance in Tactical Personnel: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8143. [PMID: 34360435 PMCID: PMC8346173 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human performance optimization of tactical personnel requires accurate, meticulous, and effective monitoring of biological adaptations and systemic recovery. Due to an increased understanding of its importance and the commercial availability of assessment tools, the use of heart rate variability (HRV) to address this need is becoming more common in the tactical community. Measuring HRV is a non-invasive, practical method for objectively assessing a performer's readiness, workload, and recovery status; when combined with additional data sources and practitioner input, it provides an affordable and scalable solution for gaining actionable information to support the facilitation and maintenance of operational performance. This narrative review discusses the non-clinical use of HRV for assessing, monitoring, and interpreting autonomic nervous system resource availability, modulation, effectiveness, and efficiency in tactical populations. Broadly, HRV metrics represent a complex series of interactions resulting from internal and external stimuli; therefore, a general overview of HRV applications in tactical personnel is discussed, including the influence of occupational specific demands, interactions between cognitive and physical domains, and recommendations on implementing HRV for training and recovery insights into critical health and performance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Stephenson
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (A.G.T.); (J.J.M.); (J.D.S.); (J.A.H.)
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26
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Muniz-Pardos B, Angeloudis K, Guppy FM, Keramitsoglou I, Sutehall S, Bosch A, Tanisawa K, Hosokawa Y, Ash GI, Schobersberger W, Grundstein AJ, Casa DJ, Morrissey MC, Yamasawa F, Zelenkova I, Racinais S, Pitsiladis Y. Wearable and telemedicine innovations for Olympic events and elite sport. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:1061-1072. [PMID: 34256539 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in wearable technologies and real-time monitoring have resulted in major inroads in the world of recreational and elite sport. One such innovation is the application of real-time monitoring, which comprises a smartwatch application and ecosystem, designed to collect, process and transmit a wide range of physiological, biomechanical, bioenergetic and environmental data using cloud-based services. We plan to assess the impact of this wireless technology during Tokyo 2020, where this technology could help characterize the physiological and thermal strain experienced by an athlete, as well as determine future management of athletes during a medical emergency as a result of a more timely and accurate diagnosis. Here we describe some of the innovative technologies developed for numerous sports at Tokyo 2020 ranging from race walking (20 km and 50 km events), marathon, triathlon, road cycling (including the time trial event), mountain biking, to potentially team sports played outdoors. A more symbiotic relationship between sport, health and technology needs to be encouraged that harnesses the unique demands of elite sport (e.g., the need for unobtrusive devices that provide real-time feedback) and serves as medical and preventive support for the athlete's care. The implementation of such applications would be particularly welcome in the field of medicine (i.e., telemedicine applications) and the workplace (with particular relevance to emergency services, the military and generally workers under extreme environmental conditions). Laboratory and field-based studies are required in simulated scenarios to validate such emerging technologies, with the field of sport serving as an excellent model to understand and impact disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Muniz-Pardos
- GENUD Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Fergus M Guppy
- Center for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Shaun Sutehall
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew Bosch
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Hosokawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Garrett I Ash
- Center for Medical Informatics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Pain Research, Informatics, Multi-morbidities, and Education (PRIME) Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wolfgang Schobersberger
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism (ISAG), Tirol Kliniken Innsbruck and Private University UMIT TIROL, Hall, Austria
| | | | - Douglas J Casa
- Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Irina Zelenkova
- GENUD Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sébastien Racinais
- Department and Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yannis Pitsiladis
- Center for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK - .,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Exercise Sciences and Sports Medicine, FIMS Collaborating Center of Sports Medicine, Rome, Italy.,European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations (EFSMA), Lausanne, Switzerland
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27
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Barizien N, Le Guen M, Russel S, Touche P, Huang F, Vallée A. Clinical characterization of dysautonomia in long COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14042. [PMID: 34234251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93546-5.pdf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients, continue to experience symptoms months after recovering from mild cases of COVID-19. Amongst these symptoms, several are related to neurological manifestations, including fatigue, anosmia, hypogeusia, headaches and hypoxia. However, the involvement of the autonomic nervous system, expressed by a dysautonomia, which can aggregate all these neurological symptoms has not been prominently reported. Here, we hypothesize that dysautonomia, could occur in secondary COVID-19 infection, also referred to as "long COVID" infection. 39 participants were included from December 2020 to January 2021 for assessment by the Department of physical medicine to enhance their physical capabilities: 12 participants with COVID-19 diagnosis and fatigue, 15 participants with COVID-19 diagnosis without fatigue and 12 control participants without COVID-19 diagnosis and without fatigue. Heart rate variability (HRV) during a change in position is commonly measured to diagnose autonomic dysregulation. In this cohort, to reflect HRV, parasympathetic/sympathetic balance was estimated using the NOL index, a multiparameter artificial intelligence-driven index calculated from extracted physiological signals by the PMD-200 pain monitoring system. Repeated-measures mixed-models testing group effect were performed to analyze NOL index changes over time between groups. A significant NOL index dissociation over time between long COVID-19 participants with fatigue and control participants was observed (p = 0.046). A trend towards significant NOL index dissociation over time was observed between long COVID-19 participants without fatigue and control participants (p = 0.109). No difference over time was observed between the two groups of long COVID-19 participants (p = 0.904). Long COVID-19 participants with fatigue may exhibit a dysautonomia characterized by dysregulation of the HRV, that is reflected by the NOL index measurements, compared to control participants. Dysautonomia may explain the persistent symptoms observed in long COVID-19 patients, such as fatigue and hypoxia. Trial registration: The study was approved by the Foch IRB: IRB00012437 (Approval Number: 20-12-02) on December 16, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Barizien
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Morgan Le Guen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Pauline Touche
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Foch Hospital, 40 rue Worth, 92150, Suresnes, France
| | - Florent Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Foch Hospital, 40 rue Worth, 92150, Suresnes, France.
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28
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Clinical characterization of dysautonomia in long COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14042. [PMID: 34234251 PMCID: PMC8263555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients, continue to experience symptoms months after recovering from mild cases of COVID-19. Amongst these symptoms, several are related to neurological manifestations, including fatigue, anosmia, hypogeusia, headaches and hypoxia. However, the involvement of the autonomic nervous system, expressed by a dysautonomia, which can aggregate all these neurological symptoms has not been prominently reported. Here, we hypothesize that dysautonomia, could occur in secondary COVID-19 infection, also referred to as “long COVID” infection. 39 participants were included from December 2020 to January 2021 for assessment by the Department of physical medicine to enhance their physical capabilities: 12 participants with COVID-19 diagnosis and fatigue, 15 participants with COVID-19 diagnosis without fatigue and 12 control participants without COVID-19 diagnosis and without fatigue. Heart rate variability (HRV) during a change in position is commonly measured to diagnose autonomic dysregulation. In this cohort, to reflect HRV, parasympathetic/sympathetic balance was estimated using the NOL index, a multiparameter artificial intelligence-driven index calculated from extracted physiological signals by the PMD-200 pain monitoring system. Repeated-measures mixed-models testing group effect were performed to analyze NOL index changes over time between groups. A significant NOL index dissociation over time between long COVID-19 participants with fatigue and control participants was observed (p = 0.046). A trend towards significant NOL index dissociation over time was observed between long COVID-19 participants without fatigue and control participants (p = 0.109). No difference over time was observed between the two groups of long COVID-19 participants (p = 0.904). Long COVID-19 participants with fatigue may exhibit a dysautonomia characterized by dysregulation of the HRV, that is reflected by the NOL index measurements, compared to control participants. Dysautonomia may explain the persistent symptoms observed in long COVID-19 patients, such as fatigue and hypoxia.
Trial registration: The study was approved by the Foch IRB: IRB00012437 (Approval Number: 20-12-02) on December 16, 2020.
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29
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Sautillet B, Leprêtre PM, Schmitt L, Ahmaidi S, Costalat G. Post-exercise Heart Rate Variability: Whole-body Cryotherapy vs. Contrast Water Therapy. Int J Sports Med 2021; 42:979-984. [PMID: 33735918 DOI: 10.1055/a-1312-6914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity training sessions are known to alter cardiac autonomic modulation. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of whole-body cryotherapy, contrast water therapy and passive recovery on the time course of cardiac autonomic markers following a standardized HIT session. Eleven runners completed a high intensity session followed by one of the following recovery interventions: whole-body cryotherapy, contrast water therapy or passive recovery. Changes in cardiac autonomic modulation were assessed in supine and standing positions during an active tilt test at pre-, post-14 h and post-38 h. In supine, high-frequency power increased from pre- to post-14 h following whole-body cryotherapy (1661.1±914.5 vs. 2799.0±948.4 ms2, respectively; p=0.023) and contrast water therapy (1906.1±1327.9 vs. 4174.3±2762.9 ms2, respectively; p=0.004) whereas high frequency power decreased in response to passive recovery (p=0.009). In standing, low-frequency power increased from pre-to post-38 h (1784.3 ± 953.7 vs. 3339.8±1862.7 ms2, respectively; p=0.017) leading to an increase in total power from pre- to post-38 h (1990.8 ± 1089.4 vs. 3606.1±1992.0 ms2, respectively; p=0.017). Spectral analysis revealed that contrast water therapy appears to be a more efficient recovery strategy than whole-body cryotherapy in restoring cardiac autonomic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Sautillet
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Pierre Marie Leprêtre
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculty of Sport Sciences/APERE laboratory, Amiens, France
| | - Laurent Schmitt
- National Centre of Nordic-Ski, Research and Performance, Premanon, France
| | - Said Ahmaidi
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculty of Sport Sciences/APERE laboratory, Amiens, France
| | - Guillaume Costalat
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculty of Sport Sciences/APERE laboratory, Amiens, France
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30
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Gisselman AS, D'Amico M, Smoliga JM. Optimizing Intersession Reliability of Heart Rate Variability-The Effects of Artifact Correction and Breathing Type. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 34:3199-3207. [PMID: 33105371 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gisselman, AS, D'Amico, M, and Smoliga, JM. Optimizing intersession reliability of heart rate variability-the effects of artifact correction and breathing type. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3199-3207, 2020-This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the reliability of multiple heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and to explore the influence of artifact removal and breathing condition on HRV reliability. Resting HRV was collected using Polar Team monitors on 41 participants (age: 19.9 ± 1.2 years; 28 females and 13 males) during 2 separate days. Within each session, participants performed 10 minutes each of spontaneous and controlled breathing (randomized order). Kubios HRV analysis software was used to analyze 180-second data epochs using "low" or "strong" artifact removal. Relative reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1), and absolute reliability was quantified using mean-normalized SEM%. Time-domain and nonlinear parameters produced poor to good intersession agreement (ICC = 0.34-0.68; SEM% = 11.0-39.0) with "low" artifact removal, regardless of breathing condition. Frequency-domain parameters demonstrated fair intersession agreement during controlled breathing (ICC = 0.40-0.45; SEM% = 26.0-70.0) but poor agreement during spontaneous breathing (ICC = 0.07-0.13; SEM% = 32.0-81.0). Minimal differences in ICCs were observed between "low" and "strong" artifact removal. Thus, this study provides 3 practical applications: (a) HRV monitoring is most reliable when using time-domain and nonlinear parameters, regardless of breathing or filtering condition, but no single parameter is especially reliable. The large variation and poor intersession reliability of frequency indices during spontaneous breathing are improved by controlling breathing rate; (b) "Low" artifact removal seems superior to more aggressive artifact removal; and (c) intersession differences in HRV measurements <30% may be indicative of normal daily variation rather than true physiologic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Gisselman
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Maria D'Amico
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.,Departments of Exercise Science; and
| | - James M Smoliga
- Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina
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31
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Stone JD, Ulman HK, Tran K, Thompson AG, Halter MD, Ramadan JH, Stephenson M, Finomore VS, Galster SM, Rezai AR, Hagen JA. Assessing the Accuracy of Popular Commercial Technologies That Measure Resting Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:585870. [PMID: 33733234 PMCID: PMC7956986 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.585870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial off-the shelf (COTS) wearable devices continue development at unprecedented rates. An unfortunate consequence of their rapid commercialization is the lack of independent, third-party accuracy verification for reported physiological metrics of interest, such as heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). To address these shortcomings, the present study examined the accuracy of seven COTS devices in assessing resting-state HR and root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD). Five healthy young adults generated 148 total trials, each of which compared COTS devices against a validation standard, multi-lead electrocardiogram (mECG). All devices accurately reported mean HR, according to absolute percent error summary statistics, although the highest mean absolute percent error (MAPE) was observed for CameraHRV (17.26%). The next highest MAPE for HR was nearly 15% less (HRV4Training, 2.34%). When measuring rMSSD, MAPE was again the highest for CameraHRV [112.36%, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC): 0.04], while the lowest MAPEs observed were from HRV4Training (4.10%; CCC: 0.98) and OURA (6.84%; CCC: 0.91). Our findings support extant literature that exposes varying degrees of veracity among COTS devices. To thoroughly address questionable claims from manufacturers, elucidate the accuracy of data parameters, and maximize the real-world applicative value of emerging devices, future research must continually evaluate COTS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Stone
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Hana K. Ulman
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Kaylee Tran
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew G. Thompson
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Manuel D. Halter
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Jad H. Ramadan
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Mark Stephenson
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- National Football League, Detroit Lions, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Victor S. Finomore
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Scott M. Galster
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Ali R. Rezai
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Joshua A. Hagen
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Gorski MA, Mimoto SM, Khare V, Bhatkar V, Combs AH. Real-Time Digital Biometric Monitoring during Elite Athletic Competition: System Feasibility with a Wearable Medical-Grade Sensor. Digit Biomark 2021; 5:37-43. [PMID: 33791447 DOI: 10.1159/000513222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Real-time digital heart rate (HR) monitoring in sports can provide unique physiological insights into athletic performance. However, most HR monitoring of elite athletes is limited to non-real-time, non-competition settings while utilizing sensors that are cumbersome. The present study was undertaken to test the feasibility of using small, wearable medical-grade sensors, paired with a novel technology system, to capture and process real-time HR data from elite athletes during professional competition. Methods We examined the performance of the BioStamp nPoint® sensor compared to the Polar chest strap HR sensor in 15 Professional Squash Association (PSA) tournament matches in 2019-2020. Fourteen male professional squash players volunteered for the study (age = 23.8 ± 4.9 years; height = 177.9 ± 7.1 cm; weight = 71 ± 7.0 kg), which was approved by the PSA in accordance with their Code of General Conduct and Ethics. Algorithms developed by Sports Data Labs (SDL; Detroit, MI, USA) used proprietary data collection, transmission, and signal processing protocols to produce HR values in real-time during matches. We calculated the mean and maximum HR from both sensors and used widely accepted measures of agreement to compare their performance. Results The system captured 99.8% of HR data across all matches (range 98.3-100%). The BioStamp's mean HR was 170.4 ± 20.3 bpm, while the Polar's mean HR was 169.4 ± 21.7 bpm. Maximum HR ranged from 182 to 202 bpm (Polar) and 185 to 203 bpm (BioStamp). Spearman's correlation coefficient (r s) was 0.986 (p < 0.001), indicating a strong correlation between the 2 devices. The mean difference (d) in HR was 1.0 bpm, the mean absolute error was 2.2 bpm, and the percent difference was 0.72%, demonstrating high agreement between device measurements. Conclusions It is feasible to accurately measure and monitor real-time HR in elite athletes during competition using BioStamp's and SDL's proprietary system. This system facilitates development and understanding of physiological digital biomarkers of athletic performance and physical and psychosocial demands in elite athletic competition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vivek Khare
- Sports Data Labs Inc., Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Iizuka T, Kon M, Maegawa T, Yuda J, Aoyanagi T, Takahashi H, Atomi T, Shimizu M, Atomi Y. Comparison of Morning Heart Rate Variability at the Beginning and End of a Competition Season in Elite Speed Skaters. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8120164. [PMID: 33327399 PMCID: PMC7764897 DOI: 10.3390/sports8120164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify whether the physiological fatigue status of elite speed skaters is influenced by the approximately five-month international competition season by comparing morning heart rate variability (HRV) at the beginning of the competition season (Japan Single Distances Championships: JSDC) with that at the end of the competition season (World Single Distances Championships: WSDC). Five international-class speed skaters participated in the study. HRV indices and subjective fatigue were measured each morning of the four days prior to the first races of the JSDC and WSDC in the 2007/2008 season. The parasympathetic HRV indices: root mean square of the successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD) (JSDC, 61.0 ms; WSDC, 42.1 ms; p < 0.05), high-frequency component power (HF) (JSDC, 1393 ms2; WSDC, 443 ms2; p < 0.05), and normalized unit of HF (HFnu) (JSDC, 53.2%; WSDC, 25.5%; p < 0.05) were lower for the WSDC than for the JSDC. The decrease in these indices may reflect the skaters’ accumulated fatigue during the course of the competition season. Morning measurements of HRV may thus be an efficient way for elite speed skaters and coaches to objectively monitor physiological fatigue throughout the competition season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Iizuka
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
- Nippon Badminton Association, Tokyo 160-0013, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kon
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Nagoya 466-8666, Japan;
| | - Taketeru Maegawa
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan;
| | - Jun Yuda
- Faculty of Physical Education, Japan Women’s College of Physical Education, Tokyo 157-8565, Japan;
| | - Toru Aoyanagi
- Department of Sport Life Management, Nippon Sport Science University, Kanagawa 227-0033, Japan;
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Tomoaki Atomi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan;
| | - Miho Shimizu
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Yoriko Atomi
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Effectiveness of Training Prescription Guided by Heart Rate Variability Versus Predefined Training for Physiological and Aerobic Performance Improvements: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10238532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to determine if heart rate variability-guided training (HRV-g), compared to predefined training (PT), maximizes the further improvement of endurance physiological and performance markers in healthy individuals. This analysis included randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of HRV-g vs. PT on endurance physiological and performance markers in untrained, physically active, and well-trained subjects. Eight articles qualified for inclusion. HRV-g training significantly improved maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) (MD = 2.84, CI: 1.41, 4.27; p < 0.0001), maximum aerobic power or speed (WMax) (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI 0.33, 0.98; p < 0.0001), aerobic performance (SMD = 0.71, CI 0.16, 1.25; p = 0.01) and power or speed at ventilatory thresholds (VT) VT1 (SMD = 0.62, CI 0.04, 1.20; p = 0.04) and VT2 (SMD = 0.81, CI 0.41, 1.22; p < 0.0001). However, HRV-g did not show significant differences in VO2max (MD = 0.96, CI −1.11, 3.03; p = 0.36), WMax (SMD = 0.06, CI −0.26, 0.38; p = 0.72), or aerobic performance (SMD = 0.14, CI −0.22, 0.51; p = 0.45) in power or speed at VT1 (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI −0.16, 0.70; p = 0.22) or VT2 (SMD = 0.18, 95% CI −0.20, 0.57; p = 0.35), when compared to PT. Although HRV-based training periodization improved both physiological variables and aerobic performance, this method did not provide significant benefit over PT.
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Luo H, Lee PA, Clay I, Jaggi M, De Luca V. Assessment of Fatigue Using Wearable Sensors: A Pilot Study. Digit Biomark 2020; 4:59-72. [PMID: 33442581 DOI: 10.1159/000512166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatigue is a broad, multifactorial concept encompassing feelings of reduced physical and mental energy levels. Fatigue strongly impacts patient health-related quality of life across a huge range of conditions, yet, to date, tools available to understand fatigue are severely limited. Methods After using a recurrent neural network-based algorithm to impute missing time series data form a multisensor wearable device, we compared supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches to gain insights on the relationship between self-reported non-pathological fatigue and multimodal sensor data. Results A total of 27 healthy subjects and 405 recording days were analyzed. Recorded data included continuous multimodal wearable sensor time series on physical activity, vital signs, and other physiological parameters, and daily questionnaires on fatigue. The best results were obtained when using the causal convolutional neural network model for unsupervised representation learning of multivariate sensor data, and random forest as a classifier trained on subject-reported physical fatigue labels (weighted precision of 0.70 ± 0.03 and recall of 0.73 ± 0.03). When using manually engineered features on sensor data to train our random forest (weighted precision of 0.70 ± 0.05 and recall of 0.72 ± 0.01), both physical activity (energy expenditure, activity counts, and steps) and vital signs (heart rate, heart rate variability, and respiratory rate) were important parameters to measure. Furthermore, vital signs contributed the most as top features for predicting mental fatigue compared to physical ones. These results support the idea that fatigue is a highly multimodal concept. Analysis of clusters from sensor data highlighted a digital phenotype indicating the presence of fatigue (95% of observations) characterized by a high intensity of physical activity. Mental fatigue followed similar trends but was less predictable. Potential future directions could focus on anomaly detection assuming longer individual monitoring periods. Conclusion Taken together, these results are the first demonstration that multimodal digital data can be used to inform, quantify, and augment subjectively captured non-pathological fatigue measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Luo
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ieuan Clay
- Evidation Health Inc., San Mateo, California, USA
| | - Martin Jaggi
- Machine Learning and Optimization Laboratory, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valeria De Luca
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Iizuka T, Ohiwa N, Atomi T, Shimizu M, Atomi Y. Morning Heart Rate Variability as an Indication of Fatigue Status in Badminton Players during a Training Camp. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8110147. [PMID: 33182645 PMCID: PMC7697084 DOI: 10.3390/sports8110147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify whether changes in the fatigue status of elite athletes during a precompetition period could be evaluated using morning heart rate variability (HRV) indices. Eight Japanese National Badminton Team players (age, 23.0 ± 2.8 years) participated in this study. HRV and subjective fatigue were measured during the first (days 1–4: Phase 1) and the second half (days 5–8: Phase 2) of an 8-day national team training camp. The global and parasympathetic HRV indices were as follows: standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN) (Phase 1, 87.5 ms; Phase 2, 104.3 ms; p < 0.05), root mean square of the successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD) (Phase 1, 66.6 ms; Phase 2, 103.6 ms; p < 0.05), and high-frequency component power (HF) (Phase 1, 1412.0 ms2; Phase 2, 3318.5 ms2; p < 0.05). All the aforementioned indices increased significantly from Phase 1 to Phase 2. Significant correlations were observed between the change in subjective fatigue and changes in SDNN, RMSSD, and HF (ρ = −0.80, p = 0.017; ρ = −0.77, p = 0.027; and ρ = −0.80, p = 0.017, respectively). Measuring morning HRV indices may be effective for objectively evaluating changes in the fatigue status of elite athletes during a precompetition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Iizuka
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
- Nippon Badminton Association, Tokyo 160-0013, Japan
| | - Nao Ohiwa
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan;
| | - Tomoaki Atomi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan;
| | - Miho Shimizu
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Yoriko Atomi
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Hoffmann B, Flatt AA, Silva LEV, Młyńczak M, Baranowski R, Dziedzic E, Werner B, Gąsior JS. A Pilot Study of the Reliability and Agreement of Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate and Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in Elite Modern Pentathlon Athletes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E833. [PMID: 33081149 PMCID: PMC7602793 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on reliability of heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in athletes has received increasing attention. The aims of this study were to examine the inter-day reliability of short-term (5 min) and ultra-short-term (1 min) heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RespRate) and HRV parameters, agreement between short-term and ultra-short-term parameters, and association between differences in HR, RespRate and HRV parameters in elite modern pentathletes. Electrocardiographic recordings were performed in stable measurement conditions with a week interval between tests. Relative reliability was evaluated by intra-class correlation coefficients, absolute reliability was evaluated by within-subject coefficient of variation, and agreement was evaluated using Bland-Altman (BA) plot with limits of agreement and defined a priori maximum acceptable difference. Short-term HR, RespRate, log transformed (ln) root mean square of successive normal-to-normal interval differences (lnRMSSD), ln high frequency (lnHF) and SD2/SD1 HRV indices and ultra-short-term HR, RespRate and lnRMSSD presented acceptable, satisfactory inter-day reliability. Although there were no significant differences between short-term and ultra-short-term HR, RespRate and lnRMSSD, no parameter showed acceptable differences with BA plots. Differences in time-domain and non-linear HRV parameters were more correlated with differences in HR than with differences in RespRate. Inverse results were observed for frequency-domain parameters. Short-term HR, RespRate, lnRMSSD, lnHF, and SD2/SD1 and ultra-short-term HR, RespRate and lnRMSSD could be used as reliable parameters in endurance athletes. However, practitioners should interpret changes in HRV parameters with regard to concomitant differences in HR and RespRate and caution should be taken before considering 5 min and 1 min parameters as interchangeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Hoffmann
- Physiotherapy Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Andrew A. Flatt
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong Campus), Savannah, GA 31419, USA;
| | - Luiz Eduardo Virgilio Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marcel Młyńczak
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Rafał Baranowski
- Department of Heart Rhythm Disorders, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Dziedzic
- Medical Faculty, Lazarski University in Warsaw, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Bożena Werner
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jakub S. Gąsior
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
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Aebi MR, Bourdillon N, Bron D, Millet GP. Minimal Influence of Hypobaria on Heart Rate Variability in Hypoxia and Normoxia. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1072. [PMID: 32973566 PMCID: PMC7472461 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study evaluated the putative effect of hypobaria on resting HRV in normoxia and hypoxia. Methods Fifteen young pilot trainees were exposed to five different conditions in a randomized order: normobaric normoxia (NN, PB = 726 ± 5 mmHg, FIO2 = 20.9%), hypobaric normoxia (HN, PB = 380 ± 6 mmHg, FIO2≅40%), normobaric hypoxia (NH, PB = 725 ± 4 mmHg, FIO2≅11%); and hypobaric hypoxia (HH at 3000 and 5500 m, HH3000 and HH5500, PB = 525 ± 6 and 380 ± 8 mmHg, respectively, FIO2 = 20.9%). HRV and pulse arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) were measured at rest seated during a 6 min period in each condition. HRV parameters were analyzed (Kubios HVR Standard, V 3.0) for time (RMSSD) and frequency (LF, HF, LF/HF ratio, and total power). Gas exchanges were collected at rest for 10 min following HRV recording. Results SpO2 decreased in HH3000 (95 ± 3) and HH5500 (81 ± 5), when compared to NN (99 ± 0). SpO2 was higher in NH (86 ± 4) than HH5500 but similar between HN (98 ± 2) and NN. Participants showed lower RMSSD and total power values in NH and HH5500 when compared to NN. In hypoxia, LF/HF ratio was greater in HH5500 than NH, whereas in normoxia, LF/HF ratio was lower in HN than NN. Minute ventilation was higher in HH5500 than in all other conditions. Discussion The present study reports a slight hypobaric effect either in normoxia or in hypoxia on some HRV parameters. In hypoxia, with a more prominent sympathetic activation, the hypobaric effect is likely due to the greater ventilation stimulus and larger desaturation. In normoxia, the HRV differences may come from the hyperoxic breathing and slight breathing pattern change due to hypobaria in HN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Roland Aebi
- Swiss Aeromedical Center, Swiss Air Force, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Armasuisse, Wissenschaft and Technologie, Thun, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Mathias Roland Aebi,
| | - Nicolas Bourdillon
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Be.care SA, Renens, Switzerland
| | - Denis Bron
- Swiss Aeromedical Center, Swiss Air Force, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Vellios EE, Pinnamaneni S, Camp CL, Dines JS. Technology Used in the Prevention and Treatment of Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in the Overhead Athlete. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2020; 13:472-478. [PMID: 32474895 PMCID: PMC7340695 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-020-09645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the current technology available for the prevention and treatment of shoulder and elbow injuries in the overhead athlete. RECENT FINDINGS Shoulder and elbow injuries are common in recreational and high-level overhead athletes. Injury prevention in these athletes include identifying modifiable risk factors, offering effective preventative training programs, and establishing safe return-to-sport criteria. The advent and use of technologies and wearable devices with concomitant development of software and data analytic programs has significantly changed the role of sports technology in injury identification and prevention. Over the last few decades, leveraging new technologies to better understand and treat patients has become an increasing focus of healthcare. Technologies currently being applied to the treatment of the overhead athlete include kinesiotaping, heart rate monitors, accelerometers/gyroscopes, dynamometers/force plates, camera-based monitoring systems (optical motion analysis), and inertial sensor monitoring units. Advances in technology have made it possible to acquire large amounts of data on athletes that may be used to guide treatment and injury prevention programs; however, literature validating the clinical efficacy of many of these technologies is limited. Further research is needed to continue to allow team physicians to provide better, cost-efficient, and individualized care to the overhead athlete using technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan E. Vellios
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery Service, Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Sridhar Pinnamaneni
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery Service, Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Christopher L. Camp
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Joshua S. Dines
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery Service, Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
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Javaloyes A, Sarabia JM, Lamberts RP, Plews D, Moya-Ramon M. Training Prescription Guided by Heart Rate Variability Vs. Block Periodization in Well-Trained Cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1511-1518. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lacrosse Athletes Load and Recovery Monitoring: Comparison between Objective and Subjective Methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093329. [PMID: 32403269 PMCID: PMC7246625 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Both objective (OM) and subjective (SM) methods are used in athletic studies, regardless of sport type, to identify and analyze load and recovery status of athletes. As little information exists about the comparison of these two methodologies, the aim of this study is to compare and contrast information that defines the relationship between both methods. Twelve international male lacrosse athletes participated in this study over the course of which participants heart-rate-variability and questionnaire-data were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate changes over time and correlations between used methods. Comparison between baseline values and competition showed a reduction in root-mean-square of successive differences (RMSSD) (p < 0.01) and the proportion of beat-intervals (NN) that differ by more than 50 ms divided by total number of NNs (pNN50) (p < 0.01). Further, RMSSD values showed differences during competition with large effects (p = 0.02; η2 = 0.24). SM (p < 0.01) showed different progression during competition. Correlation was found for used SM and OM, when considered separately. No evidence for a reliable prediction of OM values using SM could be found. According to these findings, we recommend using a combination of SM and OM data to quantify the physiological stress of training and competition, respectively.
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Kamandulis S, Juodsnukis A, Stanislovaitiene J, Zuoziene IJ, Bogdelis A, Mickevicius M, Eimantas N, Snieckus A, Olstad BH, Venckunas T. Daily Resting Heart Rate Variability in Adolescent Swimmers during 11 Weeks of Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062097. [PMID: 32235693 PMCID: PMC7143004 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent athletes are particularly vulnerable to stress. The current study aimed to monitor one of the most popular and accessible stress markers, heart rate variability (HRV), and its associations with training load and sleep duration in young swimmers during an 11-week training period to evaluate its relevance as a tool for monitoring overtraining. National-level swimmers (n = 22, age 14.3 ± 1.0 years) of sprint and middle distance events followed individually structured training programs prescribed by their swimming coach with the main intention of preparing for the national championships. HRV after awakening, during sleep and training were recorded daily. There was a consistent ~4.5% reduction in HRV after 3–5 consecutive days of high (>6 km/day) swimming volume, and an inverse relationship of HRV with large (>7.0 km/day) shifts in total training load (r = −0.35, p < 0.05). Day-to-day HRV did not significantly correlate with training volume or sleep duration. Taken together, these findings suggest that the value of HRV fluctuations in estimating the balance between the magnitude of a young athlete’s physical load and their tolerance is limited on a day-to-day basis, while under sharply increased or extended training load the lower HRV becomes an important indicator of potential overtraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigitas Kamandulis
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.K.); (A.J.); (J.S.); (I.J.Z.); (A.B.); (M.M.); (N.E.); (T.V.)
| | - Antanas Juodsnukis
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.K.); (A.J.); (J.S.); (I.J.Z.); (A.B.); (M.M.); (N.E.); (T.V.)
| | - Jurate Stanislovaitiene
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.K.); (A.J.); (J.S.); (I.J.Z.); (A.B.); (M.M.); (N.E.); (T.V.)
| | - Ilona Judita Zuoziene
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.K.); (A.J.); (J.S.); (I.J.Z.); (A.B.); (M.M.); (N.E.); (T.V.)
| | - Andrius Bogdelis
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.K.); (A.J.); (J.S.); (I.J.Z.); (A.B.); (M.M.); (N.E.); (T.V.)
| | - Mantas Mickevicius
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.K.); (A.J.); (J.S.); (I.J.Z.); (A.B.); (M.M.); (N.E.); (T.V.)
| | - Nerijus Eimantas
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.K.); (A.J.); (J.S.); (I.J.Z.); (A.B.); (M.M.); (N.E.); (T.V.)
| | - Audrius Snieckus
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.K.); (A.J.); (J.S.); (I.J.Z.); (A.B.); (M.M.); (N.E.); (T.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-37-302-621
| | - Bjørn Harald Olstad
- Institute of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0863 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.K.); (A.J.); (J.S.); (I.J.Z.); (A.B.); (M.M.); (N.E.); (T.V.)
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The Accuracy of Acquiring Heart Rate Variability from Portable Devices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2020; 49:417-435. [PMID: 30706234 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advancements in wearable technology have provided practitioners and researchers with the ability to conveniently measure various health and/or fitness indices. Specifically, portable devices have been devised for convenient recordings of heart rate variability (HRV). Yet, their accuracies remain questionable. OBJECTIVE The aim was to quantify the accuracy of portable devices compared to electrocardiography (ECG) for measuring a multitude of HRV metrics and to identify potential moderators of this effect. METHODS This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Articles published before July 29, 2017 were located via four electronic databases using a combination of the terms related to HRV and validity. Separate effect sizes (ESs), defined as the absolute standardized difference between the HRV value recorded using the portable device compared to ECG, were generated for each HRV metric (ten metrics analyzed in total). A multivariate, multi-level model, incorporating random-effects assumptions, was utilized to quantify the mean ES and 95% confidence interval (CI) and explore potential moderators. RESULTS Twenty-three studies yielded 301 effects and revealed that HRV measurements acquired from portable devices differed from those obtained from ECG (ES = 0.23, 95% CI 0.05-0.42), although this effect was small and highly heterogeneous (I2 = 78.6%, 95% CI 76.2-80.7). Moderator analysis revealed that HRV metric (p <0.001), position (p = 0.033), and biological sex (β = 0.45, 95% CI 0.30-0.61; p <0.001), but not portable device, modulated the degree of absolute error. Within metric, absolute error was significantly higher when expressed as standard deviation of all normal-normal (R-R) intervals (SDNN) (ES = 0.44) compared to any other metric, but was no longer significantly different after a sensitivity analysis removed outliers. Likewise, the error associated with the tilt/recovery position was significantly higher than any other position and remained significantly different without outliers in the model. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HRV measurements acquired using portable devices demonstrate a small amount of absolute error when compared to ECG. However, this small error is acceptable when considering the improved practicality and compliance of HRV measurements acquired through portable devices in the field setting. Practitioners and researchers should consider the cost-benefit along with the simplicity of the measurement when attempting to increase compliance in acquiring HRV measurements.
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Ramos G, Vaz JR, Mendonça GV, Pezarat-Correia P, Rodrigues J, Alfaras M, Gamboa H. Fatigue Evaluation through Machine Learning and a Global Fatigue Descriptor. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2020; 2020:6484129. [PMID: 31998469 PMCID: PMC6969995 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6484129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Research in physiology and sports science has shown that fatigue, a complex psychophysiological phenomenon, has a relevant impact in performance and in the correct functioning of our motricity system, potentially being a cause of damage to the human organism. Fatigue can be seen as a subjective or objective phenomenon. Subjective fatigue corresponds to a mental and cognitive event, while fatigue referred as objective is a physical phenomenon. Despite the fact that subjective fatigue is often undervalued, only a physically and mentally healthy athlete is able to achieve top performance in a discipline. Therefore, we argue that physical training programs should address the preventive assessment of both subjective and objective fatigue mechanisms in order to minimize the risk of injuries. In this context, our paper presents a machine-learning system capable of extracting individual fatigue descriptors (IFDs) from electromyographic (EMG) and heart rate variability (HRV) measurements. Our novel approach, using two types of biosignals so that a global (mental and physical) fatigue assessment is taken into account, reflects the onset of fatigue by implementing a combination of a dimensionless (0-1) global fatigue descriptor (GFD) and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The system, based on 9 main combined features, achieves fatigue regime classification performances of 0.82 ± 0.24, ensuring a successful preventive assessment when dangerous fatigue levels are reached. Training data were acquired in a constant work rate test (executed by 14 subjects using a cycloergometry device), where the variable under study (fatigue) gradually increased until the volunteer reached an objective exhaustion state.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Ramos
- PLUX Wireless Biosignals S.A, Avenida 5 Outubro 70, 1050-59 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. R. Vaz
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Universidade Europeia, Laureate International Universities, Lisbon, Portugal
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G. V. Mendonça
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P. Pezarat-Correia
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. Rodrigues
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Faculty of Sciences and Technology of NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - M. Alfaras
- PLUX Wireless Biosignals S.A, Avenida 5 Outubro 70, 1050-59 Lisbon, Portugal
- Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - H. Gamboa
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Faculty of Sciences and Technology of NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
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Valenzuela PL, Sánchez-Martínez G, Torrontegi E, Vázquez-Carrión J, González M, Montalvo Z, Millet GP. Acute Responses to On-Court Repeated-Sprint Training Performed With Blood Flow Restriction Versus Systemic Hypoxia in Elite Badminton Athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:1280-1287. [PMID: 30958054 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Repeated-sprint training (RS) is commonly conducted in normoxia, but its completion with localized (blood-flow restriction [BFR]) or systemic hypoxia has been proven effective for performance enhancement. Yet, few studies have applied these types of RS sessions in racket sports. The authors aimed to determine the acute responses to these types of training in elite badminton players. METHODS Eight male elite badminton players participated in this randomized crossover study. They performed 3 on-court RS sessions, each consisting of 3 sets of 10 repetitions of 10-s badminton-specific movements in normoxia (RSN), systemic normobaric hypoxia (RSH, FiO2 = 14%), or with BFR (RS-BFR, 40% arterial occlusion pressure). Performance, perceptual (ie, rating of perceived exertion), and physiological (ie, pulse saturation, muscle oxygenation, blood lactate, creatine kinase, heart-rate variability) responses were measured after each set and up to 48 h postsession. RESULTS RS-BFR induced a greater performance impairment (lower distance and accelerations) and a higher local perceived exertion in the legs than RSN and RSH (P < .05), whereas greater overall fatigue was reported with RSH (P < .05). RSH induced a lower saturation (P < .001), but no differences were observed in muscle oxygenation between conditions. No differences in creatine kinase or heart-rate variability were observed at any time point (from baseline up to 48 h after the session). CONCLUSIONS RS-BFR-and, to a lower extent, RSH-resulted in impaired performance and a higher perceived strain than RSN. However, these 2 hypoxic methods do not seem to induce a long-lasting (post 24-48 h) physiological stress in elite badminton players.
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McNarry MA, Lewis MJ, Wade N, Davies GA, Winn C, Eddolls WTB, Stratton GS, Mackintosh KA. Effect of asthma and six-months high-intensity interval training on heart rate variability during exercise in adolescents. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2228-2235. [PMID: 31164059 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1626115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Little is known regarding the influence of asthma and exercise, and their interaction, on heart rate variability (HRV) in adolescents. Thirty-one adolescents with asthma (13.7±0.9 years; 21.9±3.9 kg·m-2; 19 boys, 12 girls) and thirty-three healthy adolescents (13.8±0.9 years; 20.3±3.2 kg·m-2; 16 boys, 17 girls) completed an incremental ramp test and three heavy-intensity constant-work-rate cycle tests. Thirteen adolescents (7 boys, 6 girls; 6 asthma, 7 control) completed six-months high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and were compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Standard time-domain, frequency-domain and non-linear indices of HRV were derived at baseline, three- and six-months. Asthma did not influence HRV at baseline or following HIIT. Total power, low frequency and normalised low frequency power, and sympathovagal balance increased at three-months in HIIT, subsequently declining towards baseline at six-months. Normalised high frequency power was reduced at three-months in both groups, which was sustained at six-months. No effects of HIIT were observed in the time-domain nor in the non-linear indices. HRV was not influenced by asthma, potentially because such derangements are a function of disease progression, severity or duration. HIIT may be associated with a short-term shift towards greater sympathetic predominance during exercise, perhaps caused by physiological overload and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A McNarry
- a Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - M J Lewis
- a Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | | | - G A Davies
- b Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Campus, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - Con Winn
- a Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University , Swansea , UK.,b Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Campus, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - W T B Eddolls
- a Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - G S Stratton
- a Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - K A Mackintosh
- a Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
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Schneider C, Wiewelhove T, Raeder C, Flatt AA, Hoos O, Hottenrott L, Schumbera O, Kellmann M, Meyer T, Pfeiffer M, Ferrauti A. Heart Rate Variability Monitoring During Strength and High-Intensity Interval Training Overload Microcycles. Front Physiol 2019; 10:582. [PMID: 31178746 PMCID: PMC6538885 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: In two independent study arms, we determine the effects of strength training (ST) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) overload on cardiac autonomic modulation by measuring heart rate (HR) and vagal heart rate variability (HRV). Methods: In the study, 37 well-trained athletes (ST: 7 female, 12 male; HIIT: 9 female, 9 male) were subjected to orthostatic tests (HR and HRV recordings) each day during a 4-day baseline period, a 6-day overload microcycle, and a 4-day recovery period. Discipline-specific performance was assessed before and 1 and 4 days after training. Results: Following ST overload, supine HR, and vagal HRV (Ln RMSSD) were clearly increased and decreased (small effects), respectively, and the standing recordings remained unchanged. In contrast, HIIT overload resulted in decreased HR and increased Ln RMSSD in the standing position (small effects), whereas supine recordings remained unaltered. During the recovery period, these responses were reversed (ST: small effects, HIIT: trivial to small effects). The correlations between changes in HR, vagal HRV measures, and performance were weak or inconsistent. At the group and individual levels, moderate to strong negative correlations were found between HR and Ln RMSSD when analyzing changes between testing days (ST: supine and standing position, HIIT: standing position) and individual time series, respectively. Use of rolling 2-4-day averages enabled more precise estimation of mean changes with smaller confidence intervals compared to single-day values of HR or Ln RMSSD. However, the use of averaged values displayed unclear effects for evaluating associations between HR, vagal HRV measures, and performance changes, and have the potential to be detrimental for classification of individual short-term responses. Conclusion: Measures of HR and Ln RMSSD during an orthostatic test could reveal different autonomic responses following ST or HIIT which may not be discovered by supine or standing measures alone. However, these autonomic changes were not consistently related to short-term changes in performance and the use of rolling averages may alter these relationships differently on group and individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schneider
- Department of Training and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thimo Wiewelhove
- Department of Training and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Raeder
- Department of Training and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andrew A Flatt
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, GA, United States
| | - Olaf Hoos
- Center for Sports and Physical Education, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Hottenrott
- Department of Training and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Michael Kellmann
- Unit of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Tim Meyer
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mark Pfeiffer
- Department Theory and Practice of Sports, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Ferrauti
- Department of Training and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Młyńczak M, Krysztofiak H. Cardiorespiratory Temporal Causal Links and the Differences by Sport or Lack Thereof. Front Physiol 2019; 10:45. [PMID: 30804797 PMCID: PMC6370652 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fitness level, fatigue and adaptation are important factors for determining the optimal training schedule and predicting future performance. We think that adding analysis of the mutual relationships between cardiac and respiratory activity enables better athlete profiling and feedback for improving training. Therefore, the main objectives were (1) to apply several methods for temporal causality analysis to cardiorespiratory data; (2) to establish causal links between the signals; and (3) to determine how parameterized connections differed across various subgroups. One hundred elite athletes (31 female) and a control group of 20 healthy students (6 female) took part in the study. All were asked to follow a protocol comprising two 5-min sessions of free breathing - once supine, once standing. The data were collected using Pneumonitor 2. Respiratory-related curves were obtained through impedance pneumography, along with a single-lead ECG. Several signals (e.g., tidal volume, instantaneous respiratory rate, and instantaneous heart rate) were derived and stored as: (1) raw data down-sampled to 25Hz; (2) further down-sampled to 2.5Hz; and (3) beat-by-beat sequences. Granger causality frameworks (pairwise-conditional, spectral or extended), along with Time Series Models with Independent Noise (TiMINo), were studied. The connections enabling the best distinctions were found using recursive feature elimination with a random forest kernel. Temporal causal links are the most evident between tidal volume and instantaneous heart rate signals. Predictions of the “effect” variable were improved by adding preceding “cause” samples, by medians of 20.3% for supine and 14.2% for standing body positions. Parameterized causal link structures and directions distinguish athletes from non-athletes with 83.3% accuracy on average. They may also be used to supplement standard analysis and enable classification into groups exhibiting different static and dynamic components during performance. Physiological markers of training may be extended to include cardiorespiratory data, and causality analysis may improve the resolution of training profiling and the precision of outcome prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Młyńczak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mechatronics, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Krysztofiak
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Rabbani A, Clemente FM, Kargarfard M, Chamari K. Match Fatigue Time-Course Assessment Over Four Days: Usefulness of the Hooper Index and Heart Rate Variability in Professional Soccer Players. Front Physiol 2019; 10:109. [PMID: 30837890 PMCID: PMC6390199 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to (a) examine recovery time-course and (b) analyze the usefulness of the Hooper-Index (wellness index) and resting heart rate variability (HRV) in professional soccer players during an in-season phase. The Hooper-Index and resting HRV were collected on matchday and on the four following days in three consecutive in-season weeks in nine players (25.2 ± 4.3-years). The usefulness of monitoring variables was assessed by (a) comparing noise (typical error, TE) to the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) (TE/SWC) and (b) comparing match-related changes (i.e., signal) to TE (i.e., signal-to-noise ratio). Between-days standardized differences in the changes of Hooper-Index and HRV were compared to the SWC using magnitude-based inferences. The magnitudes of TE were small and moderate for the Hooper-Index and HRV, respectively. The Hooper-Index showed to be more useful than HRV for monitoring match-induced fatigue as having a lower TE/SWC (3.1 versus 4.4) and a higher signal-to-noise ratio (5.5 versus 1.5). Small-to-very large [range of effect sizes, 0.48; 2.43, confidence limits (0.22; 2.91)] and moderate-to-large [-1.71; -0.61 (-2.44; -0.03)] detrimental changes in Hooper-Index and HRV, respectively, were observed on the days following matchday. While group analyses showed a similar pattern for recovery time-course, more individual players responded, similarly when tracked using the Hooper -Index compared to when they were tracked using HRV. An inverse moderate within-individual relationship was observed between changes in the Hooper index and HRV [r = -0.41, (-0.60, 0.18)]. The Hooper index is an easy-to-use, no-cost, and non-invasive monitoring tool and seems promising for tracking match-induced fatigue during in the season in professional soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rabbani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Medical and Performance, Sporting Clube de Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Melgaço, Portugal.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mehdi Kargarfard
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Karim Chamari
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Center Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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De Oliveira RM, Ugrinowitsch C, Kingsley JD, Da Silva DG, Bittencourt D, Caruso FR, Borghi-Silva A, Libardi CA. Effect of individualized resistance training prescription with heart rate variability on individual muscle hypertrophy and strength responses. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 19:1092-1100. [PMID: 30702985 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1572227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate if resistance training (RT), performed with individualized recovery between sessions (RT-IND), promotes greater gains in strength and muscle mass and reduces the variability on adaptations compared to RT with fixed recovery intervals (RT-FIX). Twenty young men (age 21.9 ± 3.3 years) were randomized in the RT-IND and RT-FIX groups. Five days before the beginning of the training, measurements of the root mean square of successive R-R intervals differences (RMSSD) values of each individual were performed to establish the baseline values. Before each RT session, the RMSSD values determined whether the participants from RT-IND protocol were recovered from the previous session. Participants performed the RT session only if RMSSD values had returned to the baseline, otherwise they had to wait for an additional 24 h. RT-FIX performed an RT session every 48 h. Muscle strength was measured by one-maximal repetition (1-RM) test and muscle cross-section area (CSA) of the vastus laterals by ultrasonography were assessed pre- and post-training. 1-RM values increased significantly from pre to post-training for both groups (RT-IND: 30% and RT-FIX: 42%, main time effect, P < 0001), with no significant difference between groups. Muscle CSA increased significantly from pre to post-training (RT-IND: 15.7% and RT-FIX: 15.8%, main time effect, P < 0001), with no significant difference between groups. In conclusion, RT-IND did not increase the gains in muscle strength and mass neither reduce the variability in muscle adaptations when compared to the RT-FIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Martins De Oliveira
- a MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education , Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- b School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo (USP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - James Derek Kingsley
- c Cardiovascular Dynamics Laboratory, Exercise Physiology , Kent State University , Kent , OH , USA
| | - Deivid Gomes Da Silva
- a MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education , Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Diego Bittencourt
- a MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education , Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Flávia Rossi Caruso
- d Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department , Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- d Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department , Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Cleiton Augusto Libardi
- a MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education , Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) , São Carlos , Brazil
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