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Luo W, Zhang H, Wan R, Cai Y, Liu Y, Wu Y, Yang Y, Chen J, Zhang D, Luo Z, Shang X. Biomaterials-Based Technologies in Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304196. [PMID: 38712598 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
For many clinically prevalent severe injuries, the inherent regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle remains inadequate. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) seeks to meet this clinical demand. With continuous progress in biomedicine and related technologies including micro/nanotechnology and 3D printing, numerous studies have uncovered various intrinsic mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle regeneration and developed tailored biomaterial systems based on these understandings. Here, the skeletal muscle structure and regeneration process are discussed and the diverse biomaterial systems derived from various technologies are explored in detail. Biomaterials serve not merely as local niches for cell growth, but also as scaffolds endowed with structural or physicochemical properties that provide tissue regenerative cues such as topographical, electrical, and mechanical signals. They can also act as delivery systems for stem cells and bioactive molecules that have been shown as key participants in endogenous repair cascades. To achieve bench-to-bedside translation, the typical effect enabled by biomaterial systems and the potential underlying molecular mechanisms are also summarized. Insights into the roles of biomaterials in SMTE from cellular and molecular perspectives are provided. Finally, perspectives on the advancement of SMTE are provided, for which gene therapy, exosomes, and hybrid biomaterials may hold promise to make important contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Hanli Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Renwen Wan
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yuxi Cai
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yinuo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Xiliang Shang
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
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Prasadani M, Kodithuwakku S, Pennarossa G, Fazeli A, Brevini TAL. Therapeutic Potential of Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5543. [PMID: 38791583 PMCID: PMC11122584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk is a fundamental component of the human diet, owing to its substantial nutritional content. In addition, milk contains nanoparticles called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have indicated their potential beneficial roles such as cell-to-cell communication, disease biomarkers, and therapeutics agents. Amidst other types of EVs, milk EVs (MEVs) have their significance due to their high abundance, easy access, and stability in harsh environmental conditions, such as low pH in the gut. There have been plenty of studies conducted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of bovine MEVs over the past few years, and attention has been given to their engineering for drug delivery and targeted therapy. However, there is a gap between the experimental findings available and clinical trials due to the many challenges related to EV isolation, cargo, and the uniformity of the material. This review aims to provide a comprehensive comparison of various techniques for the isolation of MEVs and offers a summary of the therapeutic potential of bovine MEVs described over the last decade, analyzing potential challenges and further applications. Although a number of aspects still need to be further elucidated, the available data point to the role of MEVs as a potential candidate with therapeutics potential, and the supplementation of MEVs would pave the way to understanding their in-depth effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusha Prasadani
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.P.); (S.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Suranga Kodithuwakku
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.P.); (S.K.); (A.F.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Georgia Pennarossa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.P.); (S.K.); (A.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
| | - Tiziana A. L. Brevini
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
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Kim NH, Kim J, Lee JY, Bae HA, Kim CY. Application of Milk Exosomes for Musculoskeletal Health: Talking Points in Recent Outcomes. Nutrients 2023; 15:4645. [PMID: 37960298 PMCID: PMC10647311 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is a nutrient-rich food source, and among the various milks, breast milk is a nutrient source provided by mothers to newborns in many mammals. Exosomes are nano-sized membranous extracellular vesicles that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes originate from endogenous synthesis and dietary sources such as milk. Discovered through electron microscopy as floating vesicles, the existence of exosomes in human milk was confirmed owing to a density between 1.10 and 1.18 g/mL in a sucrose gradient corresponding to the known density of exosomes and detection of MHC classes I and II, CD63, CD81, and CD86 on the vesicles. To date, milk exosomes have been used for treating many diseases, including cancers, and are widely proposed as promising carriers for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. However, few studies on milk exosomes focus on geriatric health, especially sarcopenia and osteoporosis related to bone and muscle. Therefore, the present study focused on milk exosomes and their cargoes, which are potential candidates for dietary supplements, and when combined with drugs, they can be effective in treating musculoskeletal diseases. In this review, we introduce the basic concepts, including the definition, various sources, and cargoes of milk exosomes, and exosome isolation and characterization methods. Additionally, we review recent literature on the musculoskeletal system and milk exosomes. Since inflammation and oxidative stress underly musculoskeletal disorders, studies reporting the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of milk exosomes are also summarized. Finally, the therapeutic potential of milk exosomes in targeting muscle and bone health is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Hyung Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhae Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-A Bae
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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4
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Sanwlani R, Kang T, Gummadi S, Nedeva C, Ang CS, Mathivanan S. Bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles enhance doxorubicin sensitivity in triple negative breast cancer cells by targeting metabolism and STAT signalling. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200482. [PMID: 37376799 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a low 5-year survival rate of below 30% with systemic chemotherapy being the most widely used treatment. Bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) have been previously demonstrated to have anti-cancer attributes. In this study, we isolated bovine MEVs from commercial milk and characterised them according to MISEV guidelines. Bovine MEVs sensitised TNBC cells to doxorubicin, resulting in reduced metabolic potential and cell-viability. Label-free quantitative proteomics of cells treated with MEVs and/or doxorubicin suggested that combinatorial treatment depleted various pro-tumorigenic interferon-inducible gene products and proteins with metabolic function, previously identified as therapeutic targets in TNBC. Combinatorial treatment also led to reduced abundance of various STAT proteins and their downstream oncogenic targets with roles in cell-cycle and apoptosis. Taken together, this study highlights the ability of bovine MEVs to sensitise TNBC cells to standard-of-care therapeutic drug doxorubicin, paving the way for novel treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sanwlani
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Taeyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sriram Gummadi
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina Nedeva
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Meng Z, Zhou D, Lv D, Gan Q, Liao Y, Peng Z, Zhou X, Xu S, Chi P, Wang Z, Nüssler AK, Yang X, Liu L, Deng D, Yang W. Human milk extracellular vesicles enhance muscle growth and physical performance of immature mice associating with Akt/mTOR/p70s6k signaling pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:304. [PMID: 37644475 PMCID: PMC10463453 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in human and bovine milk composition. According to excellent published studies, it also exerts various functions in the gut, bone, or immune system. However, the effects of milk-derived EVs on skeletal muscle growth and performance have yet to be fully explored. Firstly, the current study examined the amino acids profile in human milk EVs (HME) and bovine milk EVs (BME) using targeted metabolomics. Secondly, HME and BME were injected in the quadriceps of mice for four weeks (1 time/3 days). Then, related muscle performance, muscle growth markers/pathways, and amino acids profile were detected or measured by grip strength analysis, rotarod performance testing, Jenner-Giemsa/H&E staining, Western blotting, and targeted metabolomics, respectively. Finally, HME and BME were co-cultured with C2C12 cells to detect the above-related indexes and further testify relative phenomena. Our findings mainly demonstrated that HME and BME significantly increase the diameter of C2C12 myotubes. HME treatment demonstrates higher exercise performance and muscle fiber densities than BME treatment. Besides, after KEGG and correlation analyses with biological function after HME and BME treatment, results showed L-Ornithine acts as a "notable marker" after HME treatment to affect mouse skeletal muscle growth or functions. Otherwise, L-Ornithine also significantly positively correlates with the activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway and myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and can also be observed in muscle and C2C12 cells after HME treatment. Overall, our study not only provides a novel result for the amino acid composition of HME and BME, but the current study also indicates the advantage of human milk on skeletal muscle growth and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, 745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan, 430000, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, 745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Quan Gan
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, 745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan, 430000, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, 745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shiyin Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Penglong Chi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Center, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dongrui Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Mecocci S, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Cappelli K. Extracellular Vesicles from Animal Milk: Great Potentialities and Critical Issues. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233231. [PMID: 36496752 PMCID: PMC9740508 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Other than representing the main source of nutrition for newborn mammals, milk delivers a sophisticated signaling system from mother to child that promotes postnatal health. The bioactive components transferred through the milk intake are important for the development of the newborn immune system and include oligosaccharides, lactoferrin, lysozyme, α-La, and immunoglobulins. In the last 15 years, a pivotal role in this mother-to-child exchange has been attributed to extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are micro- and nanosized structures enclosed in a phospholipidic double-layer membrane that are produced by all cell types and released in the extracellular environment, reaching both close and distant cells. EVs mediate the intercellular cross-talk from the producing to the receiving cell through the transfer of molecules contained within them such as proteins, antigens, lipids, metabolites, RNAs, and DNA fragments. The complex cargo can induce a wide range of functional modulations in the recipient cell (i.e., anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, angiogenetic, and pro-regenerative modulations) depending on the type of producing cells and the stimuli that these cells receive. EVs can be recovered from every biological fluid, including blood, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, saliva, bile, and milk, which is one of the most promising scalable vesicle sources. This review aimed to present the state-of-the-art of animal-milk-derived EV (mEV) studies due to the exponential growth of this field. A focus on the beneficial potentialities for human health and the issues of studying vesicles from milk, particularly for the analytical methodologies applied, is reported.
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Extracellular Vesicles—Oral Therapeutics of the Future. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147554. [PMID: 35886902 PMCID: PMC9315796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considered an artifact just after discovery, the possibility of oral delivery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their functional cargos has recently gained much research attention. EVs from various sources, including edible plants, milk, bacteria and mammalian cells, have emerged as a platform for miRNA and drug delivery that seem to induce the expected immune effects locally and in distant tissues after oral administration. Such a possibility greatly expands the clinical applicability of EVs. The present review summarizes research findings that either support or deny the biological/therapeutical activity of orally administered EVs and their role in cross-species and cross-kingdom signaling.
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Zhou F, Ebea P, Mutai E, Wang H, Sukreet S, Navazesh S, Dogan H, Li W, Cui J, Ji P, Ramirez DMO, Zempleni J. Small Extracellular Vesicles in Milk Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier in Murine Cerebral Cortex Endothelial Cells and Promote Dendritic Complexity in the Hippocampus and Brain Function in C57BL/6J Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:838543. [PMID: 35600828 PMCID: PMC9121399 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.838543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk contains large amounts of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and their microRNA cargos, whereas infant formulas contain only trace amounts of sEVs and microRNAs. We assessed the transport of sEVs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and sEV accumulation in distinct regions of the brain in brain endothelial cells and suckling mice. We further assessed sEV-dependent gene expression profiles and effects on the dendritic complexity of hippocampal granule cells and phenotypes of EV depletion in neonate, juvenile and adult mice. The transfer of sEVs across the BBB was assessed by using fluorophore-labeled bovine sEVs in brain endothelial bEnd.3 monolayers and dual chamber systems, and in wild-type newborn pups fostered to sEV and cargo tracking (ECT) dams that express sEVs labeled with a CD63-eGFP fusion protein for subsequent analysis by serial two-photon tomography and staining with anti-eGFP antibodies. Effects of EVs on gene expression and dendritic architecture of granule cells was analyzed in hippocampi from juvenile mice fed sEV and RNA-depleted (ERD) and sEV and RNA-sufficient (ERS) diets by using RNA-sequencing analysis and Golgi-Cox staining followed by integrated neuronal tracing and morphological analysis of neuronal dendrites, respectively. Spatial learning and severity of kainic acid-induced seizures were assessed in mice fed ERD and ERS diets. bEnd.3 cells internalized sEVs by using a saturable transport mechanism and secreted miR-34a across the basal membrane. sEVs penetrated the entire brain in fostering experiments; major regions of accumulation included the hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum. Two hundred ninety-five genes were differentially expressed in hippocampi from mice fed ERD and ERS diets; high-confidence gene networks included pathways implicated in axon guidance and calcium signaling. Juvenile pups fed the ERD diet had reduced dendritic complexity of dentate granule cells in the hippocampus, scored nine-fold lower in the Barnes maze test of spatial learning and memory, and the severity of seizures was 5-fold higher following kainic acid administration in adult mice fed the ERD diet compared to mice fed the ERS diet. We conclude that sEVs cross the BBB and contribute toward optimal neuronal development, spatial learning and memory, and resistance to kainic acid-induced seizures in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Pearl Ebea
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Ezra Mutai
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Haichuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Sonal Sukreet
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Shya Navazesh
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Haluk Dogan
- School of Computing, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Juan Cui
- School of Computing, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Denise M. O. Ramirez
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Janos Zempleni
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Abstract
Exosomes are natural nanoparticles that originate in the endocytic system. Exosomes play an important role in cell-to-cell communication by transferring RNAs, lipids, and proteins from donor cells to recipient cells or by binding to receptors on the recipient cell surface. The concentration of exosomes and the diversity of cargos are high in milk. Exosomes and their cargos resist degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and during processing of milk in dairy plants. They are absorbed and accumulate in tissues following oral administrations, cross the blood-brain barrier, and dietary depletion and supplementation elicit phenotypes. These features have sparked the interest of the nutrition and pharmacology communities for exploring milk exosomes as novel bioactive food compounds and for delivering drugs to diseased tissues. This review discusses the current knowledgebase, uncertainties, and controversies in these lines of scholarly endeavor and health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ngu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Haichuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Afsana Khanam
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Janos Zempleni
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
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10
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Sukreet S, Pereira Braga C, An TT, Adamec J, Cui J, Zempleni J. Ultrasonication of Milk Decreases the Content of Exosomes and MicroRNAs in an Exosome-Defined Rodent Diet. J Nutr 2022; 152:961-970. [PMID: 34982830 PMCID: PMC8970979 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine milk exosomes (BMEs) harbor regulatory proteins, lipids, and microRNAs. Consumption of an exosome- and RNA-depleted (ERD) diet elicited phenotypes compared with controls fed an exosome- and RNA-sufficient (ERS) diet in mice. All other ingredients were identical in the diets. ERD and ERS diets were prepared by substituting ultrasonicated and nonultrasonicated milk, respectively, for casein in the AIN-93G formulation. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess the effect of ultrasonication of milk on exosome content and bioavailability, and cargo content. METHODS Bovine milk was ultrasonicated and exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation [ultrasonicated exosomes (USEs)]; controls were not ultrasonicated [nonultrasonicated exosomes (NSEs)]. Exosome count, size, and morphology were assessed using a nanoparticle tracker and electron microscopy. RNAs, lipids, and proteins were analyzed by RNA sequencing and MS. Intestinal transport, bioavailability, and distribution were measured by using fluorophore-labeled USEs and NSEs in Caco-2 cells, FHs 74 Int cells, and C57BL/6J mice (n = 3; age: 6-8 wk). RESULTS The exosome count was 76% ± 22% lower in USEs than in NSEs (P < 0.05). Ultrasonication caused a degradation of ≤100% of microRNAs. USEs and NSEs contained 145 and 332 unique lipid signatures, respectively (P < 0.05). We detected a total of 525 and 484 proteins in USEs and NSEs, respectively. The uptake of USEs decreased by 46% ± 30% and 40% ± 27% compared with NSEs in Caco-2 and FHs 74 Int cells, respectively (P < 0.05). The hepatic accumulation of USEs was 48% ± 28% lower than the accumulation of NSEs in mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonication of milk depletes bioavailable BMEs in studies of Caco-2 cells, FHs 74 Int cells, and C57BL/6J mice and causes a near-complete degradation of microRNA cargos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Sukreet
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Thuy T An
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jiri Adamec
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Juan Cui
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Janos Zempleni
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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11
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Wan R, Hussain A, Behfar A, Moran SL, Zhao C. The Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes in Soft Tissue Repair and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073869. [PMID: 35409228 PMCID: PMC8998690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue defects are common following trauma and tumor extirpation. These injuries can result in poor functional recovery and lead to a diminished quality of life. The healing of skin and muscle is a complex process that, at present, leads to incomplete recovery and scarring. Regenerative medicine may offer the opportunity to improve the healing process and functional outcomes. Barriers to regenerative strategies have included cost, regulatory hurdles, and the need for cell-based therapies. In recent years, exosomes, or extracellular vesicles, have gained tremendous attention in the field of soft tissue repair and regeneration. These nanosized extracellular particles (30-140 nm) can break the cellular boundaries, as well as facilitate intracellular signal delivery in various regenerative physiologic and pathologic processes. Existing studies have established the potential of exosomes in regenerating tendons, skeletal muscles, and peripheral nerves through different mechanisms, including promoting myogenesis, increasing tenocyte differentiation and enhancing neurite outgrowth, and the proliferation of Schwann cells. These exosomes can be stored for immediate use in the operating room, and can be produced cost efficiently. In this article, we critically review the current advances of exosomes in soft tissue (tendons, skeletal muscles, and peripheral nerves) healing. Additionally, new directions for clinical applications in the future will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Wan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (R.W.); (A.H.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Arif Hussain
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (R.W.); (A.H.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Atta Behfar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Steven L. Moran
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (R.W.); (A.H.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Chunfeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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García-Martínez J, Pérez-Castillo ÍM, Salto R, López-Pedrosa JM, Rueda R, Girón MD. Beneficial Effects of Bovine Milk Exosomes in Metabolic Interorgan Cross-Talk. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071442. [PMID: 35406056 PMCID: PMC9003525 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are membrane-enclosed secreted vesicles involved in cell-to-cell communication processes, identified in virtually all body fluids. Among extracellular vesicles, exosomes have gained increasing attention in recent years as they have unique biological origins and deliver different cargos, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which might mediate various health processes. In particular, milk-derived exosomes are proposed as bioactive compounds of breast milk, which have been reported to resist gastric digestion and reach systemic circulation, thus being bioavailable after oral intake. In the present manuscript, we critically discuss the available evidence on the health benefits attributed to milk exosomes, and we provide an outlook for the potential future uses of these compounds. The use of milk exosomes as bioactive ingredients represents a novel avenue to explore in the context of human nutrition, and they might exert important beneficial effects at multiple levels, including but not limited to intestinal health, bone and muscle metabolism, immunity, modulation of the microbiota, growth, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Martínez
- Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, 18004 Granada, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (Í.M.P.-C.); (J.M.L.-P.); (R.R.)
| | - Íñigo M. Pérez-Castillo
- Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, 18004 Granada, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (Í.M.P.-C.); (J.M.L.-P.); (R.R.)
| | - Rafael Salto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-246363
| | - José M. López-Pedrosa
- Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, 18004 Granada, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (Í.M.P.-C.); (J.M.L.-P.); (R.R.)
| | - Ricardo Rueda
- Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, 18004 Granada, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (Í.M.P.-C.); (J.M.L.-P.); (R.R.)
| | - María D. Girón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain;
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13
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Wang BZ, Luo L, Vunjak-Novakovic G. RNA and Protein Delivery by Cell-Secreted and Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101557. [PMID: 34706168 PMCID: PMC8891029 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are carriers of biological signals through export and delivery of RNAs and proteins. Of increasing interest is the use of EVs as a platform for delivery of biomolecules. Preclinical studies have effectively used EVs to treat a number of diseases. Uniquely, endogenous machinery within cells can be manipulated in order to produce desirable loading of cargo within secreted EVs. In order to inform the development of such approaches, an understanding of the cellular mechanisms by which cargo is sorted to EVs is required. Here, the current knowledge of cargo sorting within EVs is reviewed. Here is given an overview of recent bioengineering approaches that leverage these advances. Methods of externally manipulating EV cargo are also discussed. Finally, a perspective on the current challenges of EVs as a drug delivery platform is offered. It is proposed that standardized bioengineering methods for therapeutic EV preparation will be required to create a well-defined clinical product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Z. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 622 West 168th Street VC12-234, 10032, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, 622 West 168th Street VC12-234, 10032, U.S.A
| | - Lori Luo
- Department of Medicine, 622 West 168th Street VC12-234, 10032, U.S.A
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 622 West 168th Street VC12-234, 10032, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, 622 West 168th Street VC12-234, 10032, U.S.A
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14
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Gao Y, Wu D, Jia D, Guo Q, Wang M, Yang R, Zhang X, Chen M, Zhang D. Hypoxic Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Cardiac Repair in Preclinical Animal Models of Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:891-907. [PMID: 34271845 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that the modification of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can enhance their regenerative efficiency, an increasing number of studies pay attention to the therapeutic potential of hypoxic preconditioning of stem cell-derived EVs (Hypo-EVs) in cardiac repair. Our meta-analysis aims to evaluate the cardiac repair of Hypo-EVs in preclinical animal models of myocardial infarction (MI). We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science up to January 2021. The primary outcome was left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The second outcomes were left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) and infarct size. Random-effects modeling was used to calculate pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Nine studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Compared with the model group, pooled analyses demonstrated that stem cell-derived EVs culturing in normal oxygen environment (Nor-EVs) can improve LVEF (WMD: 9.07, 95% CI: 6.76 to 11.38, I2 = 80.7%), LVFS (WMD: 3.03, 95% CI: 0.79 to 5.27, I2 = 86.3%), and reduce infarct size (WMD: -12.15, 95% CI: -19.12 to -5.18, I2 = 96.8%). Compared with Nor-EVs, Hypo-EVs can improve LVEF (WMD: 5.11, 95% CI: 1.63 to 8.60, I2 = 95%), LVFS (WMD: 6.54, 95% CI: 4.08 to 8.99, I2 = 90.6%), and reduce infarct size (WMD: -7.42, 95% CI: -12.97 to -1.87, I2 = 97.2%). These results suggest that Hypo-EVs could show more improvement than Nor-EVs therapy on cardiac repair in the preclinical MI animal model. However, future well-designed large animal studies might be necessary to clarify the methods and effects of Hypo-EVs therapy to help provide new ideas for future engineered EVs design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dongdong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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15
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Ong SL, Blenkiron C, Haines S, Acevedo-Fani A, Leite JAS, Zempleni J, Anderson RC, McCann MJ. Ruminant Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Nutritional and Therapeutic Opportunity? Nutrients 2021; 13:2505. [PMID: 34444665 PMCID: PMC8398904 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk has been shown to contain a specific fraction of extracellular particles that are reported to resist digestion and are purposefully packaged with lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids to exert specific biological effects. These findings suggest that these particles may have a role in the quality of infant nutrition, particularly in the early phase of life when many of the foundations of an infant's potential for health and overall wellness are established. However, much of the current research focuses on human or cow milk only, and there is a knowledge gap in how milk from other species, which may be more commonly consumed in different regions, could also have these reported biological effects. Our review provides a summary of the studies into the extracellular particle fraction of milk from a wider range of ruminants and pseudo-ruminants, focusing on how this fraction is isolated and characterised, the stability and uptake of the fraction, and the reported biological effects of these fractions in a range of model systems. As the individual composition of milk from different species is known to differ, we propose that the extracellular particle fraction of milk from non-traditional and minority species may also have important and distinct biological properties that warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Ling Ong
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, AgResearch Ltd., Massey University Campus, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1051, New Zealand;
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1051, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Haines
- Beyond Food Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Lincoln 7674, New Zealand;
| | - Alejandra Acevedo-Fani
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (A.A.-F.); (J.A.S.L.)
| | - Juliana A. S. Leite
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (A.A.-F.); (J.A.S.L.)
| | - Janos Zempleni
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Rachel C. Anderson
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, AgResearch Ltd., Massey University Campus, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (A.A.-F.); (J.A.S.L.)
| | - Mark J. McCann
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, AgResearch Ltd., Massey University Campus, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (A.A.-F.); (J.A.S.L.)
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16
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Sanwlani R, Fonseka P, Mathivanan S. Are Dietary Extracellular Vesicles Bioavailable and Functional in Consuming Organisms? Subcell Biochem 2021; 97:509-521. [PMID: 33779931 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67171-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been well established that diet influences the health status of the consuming organism. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in dietary sources are proposed to be involved in cross-species and kingdom communication. As EVs contain a lipid bilayer and carry bioactive cargo of proteins and nucleic acids, they are proposed to survive harsh degrading conditions of the gut and enter systemic circulation. Following the bioavailability, several studies have supported the functional role of dietary EVs in various tissues of the consuming organism. Simultaneously, multiple studies have refuted the possibility that dietary EVs mediate cross-species communication and hence the topic is controversial. The feasibility of the concept remains under scrutiny primarily owing to the lack of significant in vivo evidence to complement the in vitro speculations. Concerns surrounding EV stability in the harsh degrading gut environment, lack of mechanism explaining intestinal uptake and bioavailability in systemic circulation have impeded the acceptance of their functional role. This chapter discusses the current evidences that support dietary EV-based cross species communication and enlists several issues that need to be addressed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sanwlani
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pamali Fonseka
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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17
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Bozack AK, Colicino E, Rodosthenous R, Bloomquist TR, Baccarelli AA, Wright RO, Wright RJ, Lee AG. Associations between maternal lifetime stressors and negative events in pregnancy and breast milk-derived extracellular vesicle microRNAs in the programming of intergenerational stress mechanisms (PRISM) pregnancy cohort. Epigenetics 2021; 16:389-404. [PMID: 32777999 PMCID: PMC7996083 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1805677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal stress is associated with adverse child health. Breast milk microRNAs encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in mother-infant biochemical communication during early-life programming. We leverage the PRogramming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) pregnancy cohort to investigate associations between maternal stress and breast milk EV-microRNAs. Lifetime stress and negative life events (NLEs) during pregnancy were assessed using the Life Stressor Checklist-Revised (LSCR) and the Crisis in Family Systems-Revised surveys, respectively. RNA was extracted from breast milk EVs (N = 80; collected 6.1 ± 5.9 weeks postnatally), and microRNAs were profiled using the TaqMan OpenArray Human miRNA panel. Associations between stress scores and detection (yes/no) of 173 microRNAs identified in 20-80% of samples were assessed using logistic regression; associations with expression levels of 205 EV-microRNAs identified in >50% of samples were assessed using linear regression. In adjusted models, detection of 60 and 44 EV-microRNAs was associated with higher LSCR and NLE scores, respectively (p < 0.05). Expression level of 8 and 17 EV-microRNAs was associated with LSCR and NLE scores, respectively, at our a priori criteria of p < 0.05 and |Bregression|>0.2. Enriched KEGG pathways for microRNAs associated with stress scores included fatty acid metabolism and the Hippo signaling pathway. Maternal lifetime stress and NLEs during pregnancy were both associated with detection and expression level of breast milk EV-microRNAs, although associations with microRNA profiles differed between stress measures. Further research is needed to identify biological pathways impacted by associated microRNAs and investigate relationships with child health outcomes.Abbreviations: EV: extracellular vesicle; PRISM: PRogramming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms pregnancy cohort; LSCR: Life Stressor Checklist-Revised survey; NLE: negative life event; CRISYS-R: Crisis in Family Systems-Revised survey; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes; NYC: New York City; SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range; Cq: relative cycle threshold values; PCA: principal component analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K. Bozack
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tessa R. Bloomquist
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rosalind J. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison G. Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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18
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Effects of Resistance Training on the Redox Status of Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030350. [PMID: 33652958 PMCID: PMC7996821 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) on the redox status of skeletal muscle in older adults. Thirteen males aged 64 ± 9 years performed full-body RT 2x/week for 6 weeks. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis prior to and following RT. The mRNA, protein, and enzymatic activity levels of various endogenous antioxidants were determined. In addition, skeletal muscle 4-hydroxynonenal and protein carbonyls were determined as markers of oxidative damage. Protein levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) were also quantified. RT increased mRNA levels of all assayed antioxidant genes, albeit protein levels either did not change or decreased. RT increased total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities, and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity. Lipid peroxidation also decreased and HSP60 protein increased following RT. In summary, 6 weeks of RT decreased oxidative damage and increased antioxidant enzyme activities. Our results suggest the older adult responses to RT involve multi-level (transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational) control of the redox status of skeletal muscle.
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19
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de Abreu RC, Fernandes H, da Costa Martins PA, Sahoo S, Emanueli C, Ferreira L. Native and bioengineered extracellular vesicles for cardiovascular therapeutics. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:685-697. [PMID: 32483304 PMCID: PMC7874903 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-0389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of natural particles that are relevant to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. These endogenous vesicles have certain properties that allow them to survive in the extracellular space, bypass biological barriers and deliver their biologically active molecular cargo to recipient cells. Moreover, EVs can be bioengineered to increase their stability, bioactivity, presentation to acceptor cells and capacity for on-target binding at both cell-type-specific and tissue-specific levels. Bioengineering of EVs involves the modification of the donor cell before EV isolation or direct modification of the EV properties after isolation. The therapeutic potential of native EVs and bioengineered EVs has been only minimally explored in the context of cardiovascular diseases. Efforts to harness the therapeutic potential of EVs will require innovative approaches and a comprehensive integration of knowledge gathered from decades of research into molecular-compound delivery. In this Review, we outline the endogenous properties of EVs that make them natural delivery agents as well as the features that can be improved by bioengineering. We also discuss the therapeutic applications of native and bioengineered EVs to cardiovascular diseases and examine the opportunities and challenges that need to be addressed to advance this research area, with an emphasis on clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cerqueira de Abreu
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hugo Fernandes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula A da Costa Martins
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lino Ferreira
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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20
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Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), are noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecules involved in gene regulation. sRNAs play important roles in development; however, their significance in nutritional control and as metabolic modulators is still emerging. The mechanisms by which diet impacts metabolic genes through miRNAs remain an important area of inquiry. Recent work has established how miRNAs are transported in body fluids often within exosomes, which are small cell-derived vesicles that function in intercellular communication. The abundance of other recently identified ncRNAs and new insights regarding ncRNAs as dietary bioactive compounds could remodel our understanding about how foods impact gene expression. Although controversial, some groups have shown that dietary RNAs from plants and animals (i.e., milk) are functional in consumers. In the future, regulating sRNAs either directly through dietary delivery or indirectly by altered expression of endogenous sRNA may be part of nutritional interventions for regulating metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M McNeill
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human and Molecular Genetics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
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21
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O'Reilly D, Dorodnykh D, Avdeenko NV, Nekliudov NA, Garssen J, Elolimy AA, Petrou L, Simpson MR, Yeruva L, Munblit D. Perspective: The Role of Human Breast-Milk Extracellular Vesicles in Child Health and Disease. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:59-70. [PMID: 32838428 PMCID: PMC7849950 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast milk (HM) contains multiple bioactive substances determining its impact on children's health. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of secreted nanoparticles that are present in HM and may be partially responsible for its beneficial effects. The precise roles and content of EVs in HM remain largely unknown. To examine this, we performed a short narrative review on the literature focusing on HM EVs to contextualize the available data, followed by a scoping review of MEDLINE and Embase databases. We identified 424 nonduplicate citations with 19 original studies included. In this perspective, we summarize the evidence around HM EVs, highlight some theoretical considerations based on existing evidence, and provide an overview of some challenges associated with the complexity and heterogeneity of EV research. We consider how the existing data from HM studies conform to the minimal information for studies of EVs (MISEV) guidelines. Across the studies a variety of research methods were utilized involving both bench-based and translational methods, and a range of different EV contents were examined including RNA, proteins, and glycopeptides. We observed a variety of health outcomes in these studies, including allergy and atopy, necrotizing enterocolitis, and HIV. While some promising results have been demonstrated, the heterogeneity in outcomes of interest, methodological limitations, and relatively small number of studies in the field make comparison between studies or further translational work problematic. To date, no studies have examined normative values of HM EVs in a large, diverse population or with respect to potentially important influencing factors such as timing (hind- vs. foremilk), stage (colostrum vs. mature milk), and infant age (preterm vs. term), which makes extrapolation from bench or "basic" research impossible. Future research should focus on addressing the current inadequacies in the literature and utilize MISEV guidelines to inform study design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Dorodnykh
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina V Avdeenko
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita A Nekliudov
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ahmed A Elolimy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA,Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Loukia Petrou
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Rae Simpson
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA,Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Mesquita PH, Lamb DA, Parry HA, Moore JH, Smith MA, Vann CG, Osburn SC, Fox CD, Ruple BA, Huggins KW, Fruge AD, Young KC, Kavazis AN, Roberts MD. Acute and chronic effects of resistance training on skeletal muscle markers of mitochondrial remodeling in older adults. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14526. [PMID: 32748504 PMCID: PMC7399374 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the acute and chronic effects of resistance training (RT) on skeletal muscle markers of mitochondrial content and remodeling in older, untrained adults. Sixteen participants (n = 6 males, n = 10 females; age = 59 ± 4 years) completed 10 weeks of full-body RT (2 day/week). Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were obtained prior to RT (Pre), 24 hr following the first training session (Acute), and 72 hr following the last training session (Chronic). Protein levels of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes I-V (+39 to +180%, p ≤ .020) and markers of mitochondrial fusion Mfn1 (+90%, p = .003), Mfn2 (+110%, p < .001), and Opa1 (+261%, p = .004) increased following chronic RT. Drp1 protein levels also increased (+134%, p = .038), while Fis1 protein levels did not significantly change (-5%, p = .584) following chronic RT. Interestingly, protein markers of mitochondrial biogenesis (i.e., PGC-1α, TFAM, and NRF1) or mitophagy (i.e., Pink1 and Parkin) were not significantly altered (p > .050) after 10 weeks of RT. In summary, chronic RT promoted increases in content of electron transport chain proteins (i.e., increased protein levels of all five OXPHOS complexes) and increase in the levels of proteins related to mitochondrial dynamics (i.e., increase in fusion protein markers) in skeletal muscle of older adults. These results suggest that chronic RT could be a useful strategy to increase mitochondrial protein content in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald A. Lamb
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality ManagementAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin W. Huggins
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality ManagementAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA
| | - Andrew D. Fruge
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality ManagementAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA
| | - Kaelin C. Young
- School of KinesiologyAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyEdward Via College of Osteopathic MedicineAuburnALUSA
| | | | - Michael D. Roberts
- School of KinesiologyAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyEdward Via College of Osteopathic MedicineAuburnALUSA
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Sanwlani R, Fonseka P, Chitti SV, Mathivanan S. Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Inter-Organism, Cross-Species Communication and Drug Delivery. Proteomes 2020; 8:11. [PMID: 32414045 PMCID: PMC7356197 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes8020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk is considered as more than a source of nutrition for infants and is a vector involved in the transfer of bioactive compounds and cells. Milk contains abundant quantities of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that may originate from multiple cellular sources. These nanosized vesicles have been well characterized and are known to carry a diverse cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other biomolecules. Milk-derived EVs have been demonstrated to survive harsh and degrading conditions in gut, taken up by various cell types, cross biological barriers and reach peripheral tissues. The cargo carried by these dietary EVs has been suggested to have a role in cell growth, development, immune modulation and regulation. Hence, there is considerable interest in understanding the role of milk-derived EVs in mediating inter-organismal and cross-species communication. Furthermore, various attributes such as it being a natural source, as well as its abundance, scalability, economic viability and lack of unwarranted immunologic reactions, has generated significant interest in deploying milk-derived EVs for clinical applications such as drug delivery and disease therapy. In this review, the role of milk-derived EVs in inter-organismal, cross-species communication and in drug delivery is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (R.S.); (P.F.); (S.V.C.)
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