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Plaza-Florido A, Olvera-Rojas M, Alcantara JMA, Radom-Aizik S, Ortega FB. Targeted proteomics involved in cardiovascular health and heart rate variability in children with overweight/obesity. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24113. [PMID: 38864311 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with overweight/obesity often exhibit alterations in their plasma protein profiles and reduced heart rate variability (HRV). Plasma proteomics is at the forefront of identifying biomarkers for various clinical conditions. We aimed to examine the association between plasma-targeted proteomics involved in cardiovascular health and resting vagal-related HRV parameters in children with overweight/obesity. METHODS Forty-four children with overweight/obesity (10.2 ± 1.1 years old; 52% boys) participated in the study. Olink's technology was used to quantify 92 proteins involved in cardiovascular health. HRV was measured using a heart rate monitor (Polar RS800CX). Four resting vagal-related HRV parameters were derived in time- and frequency-domain. RESULTS Eight proteins (KIM1, IgG Fc receptor II-b, IDUA, BOC, IL1RL2, TNFRSF11A, VSIG2, and TF) were associated with at least one out of the four vagal-related HRV parameters (β values ranging from -0.188 to 0.288; all p < .05), while KIM1, IDUA, and BOC associated with ≥ three vagal-related HRV parameters. Multiple hypothesis testing corrections did not reach statistical significance (false discovery rate [FDR >0.05]). CONCLUSION Plasma-targeted proteomics suggested novel biomarkers for resting vagal-related HRV parameters in children with overweight/obesity. Future studies using larger cohorts and longitudinal designs should confirm our findings and their potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Plaza-Florido
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Marcos Olvera-Rojas
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M A Alcantara
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Food Chain Development, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shlomit Radom-Aizik
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Plaza-Florido A, Ruiz JR, Alcantara JMA. Resting heart rate but not heart rate variability is associated with the normal-weight obesity phenotype. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24043. [PMID: 38275139 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine differences in resting heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) between young adults with normal-weight obesity (NWO) and normal-weight lean (NWL). METHODS A total of 65 normal-weight individuals (18-25 years old, 50 women, body mass index 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) were included in this cross-sectional study. Body fat percentage was determined using a whole-body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scanner. Resting HRV and HR were assessed with the Polar RS800CX. Forty-one participants were classified as NWO and 24 NWL using cutoff points for body fat percentage (33.3% for women and 23.1% for men). RESULTS There were no differences in HRV between NWO and NWL groups (all p > .05). HR was higher in NWO (mean 70 beats per minute [bpm], standard deviation [SD] 8) than in NWL adults (mean 65 bpm, SD 10), the adjusted mean difference 5 bpm (95% CI, 0 to 10 bpm). CONCLUSION HR is a noninvasive biomarker and relatively cheap, fast, and easy to measure that could detect "apparently healthy" young individuals with an adverse cardiovascular disease risk profile despite presenting a normal body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Plaza-Florido
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M A Alcantara
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Food Chain Development, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
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Heart Rate Variability and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Youth Populations: The Impact of Heart Rate on Data Analysis. J Hum Kinet 2023; 86:1-5. [PMID: 37181258 PMCID: PMC10170545 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/159581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The positive association between heart rate variability and cardiorespiratory fitness in youth populations is unclear. In this regard, several methodological aspects related to heart rate variability analysis could partially explain the disagreement between studies. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the influence of the heart rate on data analysis is unclear. In the present short communication, we discuss the impact of the heart rate on the associations between heart rate variability and cardiorespiratory fitness in youth. In addition, we proposed some aspects that should be considered for statistical analyses when the relationship between heart rate variability and cardiorespiratory fitness is studied. Finally, we should acknowledge that these recommendations may be applicable for other health-related outcomes different than cardiorespiratory fitness (e.g., inflammatory markers, cognition, cardiovascular disease status).
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Maternal Weight Gain during Pregnancy and the Developing Autonomic Nervous System-Possible Impact of GDM. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245220. [PMID: 36558379 PMCID: PMC9784678 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The intrauterine environment is known to affect the offspring's long-term risk for obesity and diabetes. Previous data show that maternal metabolism and gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with fetal autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, which can be assessed with heart rate variability (HRV). We investigated whether this association is also present in 2-year-old children and addressed the impact of gestational diabetes (GDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined the 2-year-old offspring of mothers who had undergone a 5-point, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test during pregnancy. To assess HRV, a 10-minute ECG was recorded, and time domain and frequency domain parameters were analyzed. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance testing. RESULTS We examined 67 children (33 girls, 34 boys), 30 of whom were born to mothers with treated GDM and normoglycemic pregnancies (NGT), respectively. No differences were found between the groups with regard to birth weight, weight at the age of 2 years, and body fat content. We observed that GWG was associated with heart rate and HRV, indicating that children of mothers with low GWG had a lower parasympathetic tone. This association was detected in NGT-exposed-but not in GDM-exposed-children. HR and HRV correlated with body fat and fat-free mass in children from normoglycemic pregnancies only. CONCLUSION We found that the impact of maternal GWG on offspring ANS function was missing in the presence of treated GDM. The balance of the ANS was related to offspring body composition in children from NGT pregnancies only. Our results suggest that maternal weight gain during pregnancy has a critical impact on the developing ANS, which might be disturbed in the presence of GDM.
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Ahmed S, Lee Y, Lim YH, Cho SH, Park HK, Cho SH. Noncontact assessment for fatigue based on heart rate variability using IR-UWB radar. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14211. [PMID: 35987815 PMCID: PMC9392064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical fatigue can be assessed using heart rate variability (HRV). We measured HRV at rest and in a fatigued state using impulse-radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) radar in a noncontact fashion and compared the measurements with those obtained using electrocardiography (ECG) to assess the reliability and validity of the radar measurements. HRV was measured in 15 subjects using radar and ECG simultaneously before (rest for 10 min before exercise) and after a 20-min exercise session (fatigue level 1 for 0–9 min; fatigue level 2 for 10–19 min; recovery for ≥ 20 min after exercise). HRV was analysed in the frequency domain, including the low-frequency component (LF), high-frequency component (HF) and LF/HF ratio. The LF/HF ratio measured using radar highly agreed with that measured using ECG during rest (ICC = 0.807), fatigue-1 (ICC = 0.712), fatigue-2 (ICC = 0.741) and recovery (ICC = 0.764) in analyses using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The change pattern in the LH/HF ratios during the experiment was similar between radar and ECG. The subject’s body fat percentage was linearly associated with the time to recovery from physical fatigue (R2 = 0.96, p < 0.001). Our results demonstrated that fatigue and rest states can be distinguished accurately based on HRV measurements using IR-UWB radar in a noncontact fashion.
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Navarro-Lomas G, Dote-Montero M, Alcantara JMA, Plaza-Florido A, Castillo MJ, Amaro-Gahete FJ. Different exercise training modalities similarly improve heart rate variability in sedentary middle-aged adults: the FIT-AGEING randomized controlled trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1863-1874. [PMID: 35538242 PMCID: PMC9287234 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04957-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the influence of different exercise training modalities on heart rate variability (HRV) in sedentary middle-aged adults; and to study whether changes in health-related outcomes (i.e., body composition and cardiometabolic risk) are associated with those hypothetical HRV changes in sedentary middle-aged adults. METHODS A total of 66 middle-aged adults (53.6 ± 4.4 years old; 50% women) were enrolled in the FIT-AGEING study. We conducted a 12-week randomized controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to 4 groups: (a) a control group (no exercise); (b) a physical activity recommendation from the World Health Organization group (PAR); (c) a high-intensity interval training group (HIIT); and (d) a high-intensity interval training group adding whole-body electromyostimulation (HIIT + EMS). RESULTS All exercise training modalities induced changes in HRV parameters (all P ≤ 0.001) without statistical differences between them (all P > 0.05). We found associations between changes in body composition and cardiometabolic risk and exercise-related changes in HRV. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that different exercise interventions (i.e., PAR, HIIT and HIIT + EMS) induced an enhancement of HRV in sedentary middle-aged adults. Our findings support the notion that exercise-related changes in HRV are associated with changes in body composition and cardiometabolic risk after the intervention program CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: NCT03334357 (ClinicalTrials.gov). November 7, 2017 retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginés Navarro-Lomas
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Manuel Dote-Montero
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.,1 PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Camino de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M A Alcantara
- 1 PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Camino de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- 1 PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Camino de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain. .,1 PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Camino de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Cardiac Evaluation of Exercise Testing in a Contemporary Population of Preschool Children: A New Approach Providing Reference Values. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9050654. [PMID: 35626831 PMCID: PMC9139640 DOI: 10.3390/children9050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate cardiac autonomic function at rest, during maximal exercise, and in post-exercise recovery, to determine sex-specific and age-specific differences in resting heart rate (RHR), linear and spectral parameters of Heart Rate Variability (HRV), HRpeak, and heart rate recovery (HRR) after one and five minutes, in preschool children. This study involved a cohort of 167 healthy children (79 girls) aged 3 to 6 years that were selected from several schools in southern Spain. A 10 × 20 m test was conducted, and the cardiovascular response was recorded. No significant differences were found in all variables between the sexes. However, a significant reduction in RHR and an increase in HRR were found from age 4 to age 6. HRV parameters at rest were higher in older children. No associations between 10 × 20 m performance, weight status, and cardiac parameters were found. Simple linear regression analysis revealed that heart rate reserve (HRr), HRR5min, RMSSD, and HF were the variables that showed association with all HR parameters. There was also a significant correlation between HRr and HRR5min. In conclusion, cardiovascular autonomic function during rest, exercise, and recovery in Spanish preschool children was not influenced by sex, although older children showed greater cardiovascular modulation. Cardiorespiratory fitness status was not associated with HR response.
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Neeraja K, Nanda N, Sahoo J, Pal GK. Cardiovagal modulation and oxidative stress in hypothyroidism on maintenance therapy. LA TUNISIE MEDICALE 2022; 100:27-32. [PMID: 35822328 PMCID: PMC9006790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyze the autonomic control of heart rate variability (HRV) in subjects with peripheral hypothroidism undergoing hormone replacement therapy with L-thyroxine (L-T4) for 5-10 years. METHODS Thyroid profile, lipid profile, lipid-risk factors, parameters of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA)], inflammation [high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP)] and Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed in thirty-eight hypothyroid patients on treatment for more than five years and compared with healthy euthyroid volunteers of similar age, gender, and body composition. The link of oxidative stress with HRV parameters was assessed by Spearman-Rho correlation and regression analyses. RESULTS Hypothyroid patients on L-T4 treatment, had higher TSH (p<0.01), lipid profile (p<0.05) and lipid risk factors (p<0.05), high-sensitive C-reactive-protein (hsCRP) (3.31 versus 4.95 mg/L; p<0.05) and MDA (2.66 versus 6.87 μm/L; p <0.001) in serum. There was gross reduction in HRV parameters [reduced standard deviation of NN interval (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD), total power (TP) and elevated ratio of low to high frequency power (LF/HF ratio)] in patients. Elevated MDA was correlated with vagal withdrawal (decreased SDNN, RMSSD and TP) and TSH. In multiple regression analysis TSH and TP contributed to the rise in MDA. CONCLUSION Hormone replacement therapy with L-T4 for hypothyroidism alone does not resolve persistent hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation in primary hypothyroid patients even after five years of treatment. Association of oxidative stress with reduced cardiovagal modulation in these patients suggests persistence of cardiovascular risk despite standard treatment which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundeti Neeraja
- 1. Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Nivedita Nanda
- 1. Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Jayaprakash Sahoo
- 2. Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - G K Pal
- 3. Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and 11 Research, Puducherry, India
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Speer KE, Koenig J, Telford RM, Olive LS, Mara JK, Semple S, Naumovski N, Telford RD, McKune AJ. Relationship between heart rate variability and body mass index: A cross-sectional study of preschool children. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101638. [PMID: 34976689 PMCID: PMC8684011 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability and BMI are inversely related in preschool children. One unit increase in BMI resulted in a reduction in RMSSD(ln) of 0.06% Age, sex and physical activity levels did not influence this relationship.
Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with overweight and obesity in adults. However, little is known about this relationship in early childhood. We investigated the relationship between resting vagally-mediated HRV and body mass index (BMI) in Australian preschool children. Children were recruited from 13 non-government early learning centres located in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. From this population-based sample, data from 146 healthy children (58 females) between 3 and 5 years of age (mean age 4.35 ± 0.44 years) were analysed. BMI was calculated from child body weight and height. Physical activity was recorded using an Actigraph wGT3x accelerometer worn at the waist of participants over 3 consecutive days. A Polar H10 chest strap measured seated, resting RR intervals for the calculation of HRV with the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) reflecting vagally-mediated activity. The relationship between HRV and BMI was analysed using a linear mixed model adjusted for age, sex and physical activity. Analysis revealed that RMSSD (ln) demonstrated a significant inverse relationship with BMI (β = -0.06; 95% CI = -0.12 – −0.01; p = 0.032), and the model accounted for 23% of the variance in RMSSD (ln). Notably, a one unit increase in BMI resulted in a reduction in RMSDD (ln) of 0.06. This investigation demonstrated evidence for a significant inverse linear relationship between vagally-mediated HRV and BMI in 3 – 5-year-old Australian children, similar to that of adults. Furthermore, this relationship was independent of age, sex and physical activity levels. Results may indicate that the cardiometabolic health of preschool children is, in part, influenced by the relationship between vagally-mediated HRV and weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Speer
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Julian Koenig
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rohan M Telford
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lisa S Olive
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jocelyn K Mara
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Stuart Semple
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Richard D Telford
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences/ University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Influence of Chronic Exposure to Exercise on Heart Rate Variability in Children and Adolescents Affected by Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111065. [PMID: 34769586 PMCID: PMC8583488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sedentary lifestyles are increasingly common amongst children, and insufficient physical activity is a global epidemic estimated to contribute to future incapacities and potential deaths. Objective: We aimed to increase the amount of evidence concerning the effect of chronic exposure to exercise on heart rate variability in children and adolescents affected by obesity. Methods: A systematic review commenced following the PRISMA guidelines developed by Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid, Medline Complete, and Scopus using keywords obtained from the Descriptors in Health Sciences and Medical Subject Headlines (MeSH) terms. We considered (1) Population: Pediatric individuals affected by obesity; (2) Intervention: Exercise; (3) Control: Pre-intervention and sedentary; (4) Outcomes: Clearly presented primary parameters; and (5) Studies: Clinical trials, case controls, case reports, and case series. Results: 11 articles were involved and predominantly included procedures observed during approximately 12 weeks with a distribution of three sessions per week, each session being 30–60 min of aerobic exercise; additionally, the exercise grades were typically completed at a percentage of subjects’ maximum heart rates. The meta-analyses displayed a significant effect on the domains of time (R-R interval, SDNN, rMSSD), frequency (HF ms2, HF (n.u.), LF/HF), and the non-linear index (SD1). Conclusions: Chronic exposure to exercise influences heart rate variability in children and adolescents affected by obesity by elevating the variability and parasympathetic activity and improving the sympathetic-vagal balance. Exercises should be recommended for the improvement of cardiac autonomic modulation to prevent the likelihood of further chronic diseases.
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11
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Lugao RDS, Barbosa RRB, Coelho PDF, Liberato FMG, Vidal PR, Carvalho RBCOD, Melotti RDCNC, Donadio MVF. Association of sleep disorders with heart rate variability in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 40:e2020295. [PMID: 34495277 PMCID: PMC8432146 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2022/40/2020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the association of sleep disorders with the findings of heart rate variability (HRV) in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: Cross-sectional study including children and adolescents aged six to 18 years with a clinical diagnosis of CF. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Sleep disorders were evaluated using baseline nocturnal polysomnography. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) was evaluated through resting HRV. Results: A total of 30 individuals (11.2 years) with a mean forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) of 62.7% were included. The respiratory disturbance index presented a median of 2.6 and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was identified in 30%. In the HRV analysis, a mean standard deviation of all inter-beat (RR) intervals (SDNN) of 60.8±45.9ms was found. There was a significant correlation between the HRV low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) global modulation index and the minimum SpO2 during sleep in patients with FEV1<60% (r=0.71; p=0.02). The prevalence of sleep disorders and HRV abnormalities was higher in individuals with lesser pulmonary function (FEV1<60%). Conclusions: The results indicate a weak correlation of sleep disorders (minimum SpO2) with HRV parameters (LH/HF) in children and adolescents with CF. When pulmonary function was reduced, a stronger correlation was found, highlighting the influence of disease severity. A high prevalence of ANS disorders, nocturnal hypoxemia, and presence of OSAS was also found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pâmela Reis Vidal
- School of Sciences, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Márcio Vinícius Fagundes Donadio
- Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Autonomic Profile, Physical Activity, Body Mass Index and Academic Performance of School Students. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12176718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the autonomic modulation, physical activity, body mass index, and academic performance of preschool and school students by grade. Extracurricular physical activity, heart rate variability, body mass index, and objective and subjective academic performance were analyzed in 180 preschool and primary school students (7.91 ± 2.29 years). Significant lower heart rate and higher parasympathetic modulation were found in 10–12-year-old primary education students. The 8–9-year-old students obtained the worst results in English and in five of the subjective academic performance items. Students aged 10–12 years old presented the highest body composition values. No significant differences were found on the extracurricular physical activity by age. No correlation between autonomic profile, physical activity, and body composition with objective academic performance was found. Nerveless subjective academic performance perception of teachers presented a negative correlation with body composition and the parasympathetic modulation. School students presented an increased body mass index and parasympathetic modulation by age. Physical activity of all students, independently of the age, were lower than the official recommendations.
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Cornacchia S, La Tegola L, Maldera A, Pierpaoli E, Tupputi U, Ricatti G, Eusebi L, Salerno S, Guglielmi G. Radiation protection in non-ionizing and ionizing body composition assessment procedures. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:1723-1738. [PMID: 32742963 PMCID: PMC7378088 DOI: 10.21037/qims-19-1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Body composition assessment (BCA) represents a valid instrument to evaluate nutritional status through the quantification of lean and fat tissue, in healthy subjects and sick patients. According to the clinical indication, body composition (BC) can be assessed by different modalities. To better analyze radiation risks for patients involved, BCA procedures can be divided into two main groups: the first based on the use of ionizing radiation (IR), involving dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT), and others based on non-ionizing radiation (NIR) [magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]. Ultrasound (US) techniques using mechanical waves represent a separate group. The purpose of our study was to analyze publications about IR and NIR effects in order to make physicians aware about the risks for patients undergoing medical procedures to assess BCA providing to guide them towards choosing the most suitable method. To this end we reported the biological effects of IR and NIR and their associated risks, with a special regard to the excess risk of death from radio-induced cancer. Furthermore, we reported and compared doses obtained from different IR techniques, giving practical indications on the optimization process. We also summarized current recommendations and limits for techniques employing NIR and US. The authors conclude that IR imaging procedures carry relatively small individual risks that are usually justified by the medical need of patients, especially when the optimization principle is applied. As regards NIR imaging procedures, a few studies have been conducted on interactions between electromagnetic fields involved in MR exam and biological tissue. To date, no clear link exists between MRI or associated magnetic and pulsed radio frequency (RF) fields and subsequent health risks, whereas acute effects such as tissue burns and phosphenes are well-known; as regards the DNA damage and the capability of NIR to break chemical bonds, they are not yet robustly demonstrated. MRI is thus considered to be very safe for BCA as well US procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Cornacchia
- Medical Physics Unit, Dimiccoli Hospital Barletta, Barletta, ASL Barletta-Andria-Trani, Italy
| | - Luciana La Tegola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University School of Medicine, Foggia, Italy
| | - Arcangela Maldera
- Medical Physics Unit, Dimiccoli Hospital Barletta, Barletta, ASL Barletta-Andria-Trani, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Tupputi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University School of Medicine, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricatti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University School of Medicine, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Salerno
- Department of Radiology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guglielmi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University School of Medicine, Foggia, Italy
- “Dimiccoli” Hospital, University Campus of Barletta, Barletta, Italy
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