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Souza VVD, Moreira DP, Braz-Mota S, Valente W, Cotta GC, Rodrigues MDS, Nóbrega RH, Corrêa RDS, Hoyos DCDM, Sanches EA, Val AL, Lacerda SMDSN. Simulated climate change and atrazine contamination can synergistically impair zebrafish testicular function. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174173. [PMID: 38925398 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Elements that interfere with reproductive processes can have profound impacts on population and the equilibrium of ecosystems. Global warming represents the major environmental challenge of the 21st century, as it will affect all forms of life in the coming decades. Another coexisting concern is the persistent pollution by pesticides, particularly the herbicide Atrazine (ATZ), which is responsible for a significant number of contamination incidents in surface waters worldwide. While it is hypothesized that climate changes will significantly enhance the toxic effects of pesticides, the actual impact of these phenomena remain largely unexplored. Here, we conducted a climate-controlled room experiment to assess the interactive effects of the projected 2100 climate scenario and environmentally realistic ATZ exposures on the reproductive function of male zebrafish. The gonadosomatic index significantly decreased in fish kept in the extreme scenario. Cellular alterations across spermatogenesis phases led to synergic decreased sperm production and increased germ cell sloughing and death. ATZ exposure alone or combined with climate change effects, disrupted the transcription levels of key genes involved in steroidogenesis, hormone signaling and spermatogenesis regulation. An additive modulation with decreased 11-KT production and increased E2 levels was also evidenced, intensifying the effects of androgen/estrogen imbalance. Moreover, climate change and ATZ independently induced oxidative stress, upregulation of proapoptotic gene and DNA damage in post-meiotic germ cell, but the negative effects of ATZ were greater at extreme scenario. Ultimately, exposure to simulated climate changes severely impaired fertilization capacity, due to a drastic reduction in sperm motility and/or viability. These findings indicate that the future climate conditions have the potential to considerably enhance the toxicity of ATZ at low concentrations, leading to significant deleterious consequences for fish reproductive function and fertility. These may provide relevant information to supporting healthcare and environmental managers in decision-making related to climate changes and herbicide regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ventura de Souza
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Davidson Peruci Moreira
- Laboratory of Ichthiohistology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Susana Braz-Mota
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Valente
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Caldeira Cotta
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maira da Silva Rodrigues
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Henrique Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Dias Serafim Corrêa
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Antônio Sanches
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luís Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Antunes KV, Santos JJS, Carvalho ICS, Moreira EMS, Moreira GR, Murgas LDS, Moraes EA. Sperm characteristics of cryopreserved Prochilodus lineatus semen after adding cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin. Cryobiology 2024; 115:104888. [PMID: 38508357 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The experiment evaluated the effect of adding cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) to Prochilodus lineatus fish (Curimata) semen on post-thaw sperm quality. Twelve adult fish were used for sperm collection after induced spermiation with carp pituitary gland. The semen was diluted and treated with CLC in concentrations of 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mg for 120 × 106 spermatozoa/ml, loaded in 0.5 ml straws, packaged and placed in dry vapor vessel cylinders for 24 h before being submerged in liquid nitrogen for storage. The samples were thawed in a water bath at 60 °C for 8 s, and the sperm parameters evaluated were motility, activation duration, longevity, plasma membrane integrity, and morphology. Data were tested for normal distribution and ANOVA, followed by Friedman test (P < 0.05). Spermatozoa treated with CLC displayed higher motility than the control (P < 0.05). The duration of sperm activation was longer in sperm treated with 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg of CLC than in control (P < 0.05). The membrane integrity was higher in sperm treated with 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg of CLC than in control and four mg-treated samples (P < 0.05). The sperm longevity and morphology alterations did not differ between treatments (P > 0.05). Adding 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg of CLC in Prochilodus lineatus semen before cryopreservation improves sperm motility and membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Antunes
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Center for Research in Pigs, Native and Wild Species, Federal University of Vale Do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Center for Research in Swine, Native and Wild Species, Federal University of Vale Do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - J J S Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Center for Research in Pigs, Native and Wild Species, Federal University of Vale Do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - I C S Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Center for Research in Pigs, Native and Wild Species, Federal University of Vale Do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - E M S Moreira
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Center for Research in Pigs, Native and Wild Species, Federal University of Vale Do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - G R Moreira
- Program in Biometrics and Applied Statistics, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - L D S Murgas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - E A Moraes
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Center for Research in Pigs, Native and Wild Species, Federal University of Vale Do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Center for Research in Swine, Native and Wild Species, Federal University of Vale Do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
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3
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Lombó M, Giommi C, Zarantoniello M, Chemello G. A Pretty Kettle of Fish: A Review on the Current Challenges in Mediterranean Teleost Reproduction. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1597. [PMID: 38891644 PMCID: PMC11171123 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean region is facing several environmental changes and pollution issues. Teleosts are particularly sensitive to these challenges due to their intricate reproductive biology and reliance on specific environmental cues for successful reproduction. Wild populations struggle with the triad of climate change, environmental contamination, and overfishing, which can deeply affect reproductive success and population dynamics. In farmed species, abiotic factors affecting reproduction are easier to control, whereas finding alternatives to conventional diets for farmed teleosts is crucial for enhancing broodstock health, reproductive success, and the sustainability of the aquaculture sector. Addressing these challenges involves ongoing research into formulating specialized diets, optimizing feeding strategies, and developing alternative and sustainable feed ingredients. To achieve a deeper comprehension of these challenges, studies employing model species have emerged as pivotal tools. These models offer advantages in understanding reproductive mechanisms due to their well-defined physiology, genetic tractability, and ease of manipulation. Yet, while providing invaluable insights, their applicability to diverse species remains constrained by inherent variations across taxa and oversimplification of complex environmental interactions, thus limiting the extrapolation of the scientific findings. Bridging these gaps necessitates multidisciplinary approaches, emphasizing conservation efforts for wild species and tailored nutritional strategies for aquaculture, thereby fostering sustainable teleost reproduction in the Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lombó
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.L.); (C.G.)
- INBB—Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Christian Giommi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.L.); (C.G.)
- INBB—Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Matteo Zarantoniello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Giulia Chemello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.L.); (C.G.)
- INBB—Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
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Shastak Y, Pelletier W. Captivating Colors, Crucial Roles: Astaxanthin's Antioxidant Impact on Fish Oxidative Stress and Reproductive Performance. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3357. [PMID: 37958112 PMCID: PMC10648254 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish, constantly exposed to environmental stressors due to their aquatic habitat and high metabolic rates, are susceptible to oxidative stress. This review examines the interplay between oxidative stress and fish reproduction, emphasizing the potent antioxidant properties of astaxanthin. Our primary objective is to highlight astaxanthin's role in mitigating oxidative stress during critical reproductive stages, leading to improved gamete quality, ovary development, and hormone levels. We also explore its practical applications in aquaculture, including enhanced pigmentation and overall fish health. We conducted a comprehensive literature review, analyzing studies on astaxanthin's antioxidant properties and its impact on fish reproduction. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, effectively combats reactive oxygen species, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and maintaining membrane integrity. It significantly enhances reproductive success in fish and improves overall fish health in aquaculture settings. This review reveals astaxanthin's multifaceted benefits in fish health and reproduction, offering economic advantages in aquaculture. Future research should delve into species-specific responses, optimal dosages, and the long-term effects of astaxanthin supplementation to inform sustainable aquaculture strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yauheni Shastak
- Nutrition & Health Division, BASF SE, 67063 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
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Falfushynska H, Sokolova IM. Intermittent hypoxia differentially affects metabolic and oxidative stress responses in two species of cyprinid fish. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio060069. [PMID: 37670684 PMCID: PMC10537972 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen fluctuations are common in freshwater habitats and aquaculture and can impact ecologically and economically important species of fish like cyprinids. To gain insight into the physiological responses to oxygen fluctuations in two common cyprinid species, we evaluated the impact of short-term intermittent hypoxia on oxidative stress and metabolic parameters (including levels of prooxidants and oxidative lesions, antioxidants, mitochondrial enzyme activities, mitochondrial swelling, markers of apoptosis, autophagy and cytotoxicity) in silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and gibel carp Carassius gibelio. During hypoxia, gibel carp showed higher baseline levels of antioxidants and less pronounced changes in oxidative and metabolic biomarkers in the tissues than silver carp. Reoxygenation led to a strong shift in metabolic and redox-related parameters and tissue damage, indicating high cost of post-hypoxic recovery in both species. Species-specific differences were more strongly associated with oxidative stress status, whereas metabolic indices and nitrosative stress parameters were more relevant to the response to hypoxia-reoxygenation. Overall, regulation of energy metabolism appears more critical than the regulation of antioxidants in the response to oxygen deprivation in the studied species. Further research is needed to establish whether prioritizing metabolic over redox regulation during hypoxia-reoxygenation stress is common in freshwater cyprinids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Falfushynska
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock 18059, Germany
- Department of Electrical, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Anhalt University for Applied Sciences, Köthen 06366, Germany
| | - Inna M. Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock 18059, Germany
- Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock 18059, Germany
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Messina S, Costantini D, Eens M. Impacts of rising temperatures and water acidification on the oxidative status and immune system of aquatic ectothermic vertebrates: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161580. [PMID: 36646226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Species persistence in the Anthropocene is dramatically threatened by global climate change. Large emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from human activities are driving increases in mean temperature, intensity of heatwaves, and acidification of oceans and freshwater bodies. Ectotherms are particularly sensitive to CO2-induced stressors, because the rate of their metabolic reactions, as well as their immunological performance, are affected by environmental temperatures and water pH. We reviewed and performed a meta-analysis of 56 studies, involving 1259 effect sizes, that compared oxidative status or immune function metrics between 42 species of ectothermic vertebrates exposed to long-term increased temperatures or water acidification (≥48 h), and those exposed to control parameters resembling natural conditions. We found that CO2-induced stressors enhance levels of molecular oxidative damages in ectotherms, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes was upregulated only at higher temperatures, possibly due to an increased rate of biochemical reactions dependent on the higher ambient temperature. Differently, both temperature and water acidification showed weak impacts on immune function, indicating different direction (increase or decrease) of responses among immune traits. Further, we found that the intensity of temperature treatments (Δ°C) and their duration, enhance the physiological response of ectotherms, pointing to stronger effects of prolonged extreme warming events (i.e., heatwaves) on the oxidative status. Finally, adult individuals showed weaker antioxidant enzymatic responses to an increase in water temperature compared to early life stages, suggesting lower acclimation capacity. Antarctic species showed weaker antioxidant response compared to temperate and tropical species, but level of uncertainty in the antioxidant enzymatic response of Antarctic species was high, thus pairwise comparisons were statistically non-significant. Overall, the results of this meta-analysis indicate that the regulation of oxidative status might be one key mechanism underlying thermal plasticity in aquatic ectothermic vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Messina
- Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - David Costantini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS - 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Wu Y, Xu R, Li S, Ming Wong E, Southey MC, Hopper JL, Abramson MJ, Li S, Guo Y. Epigenome-wide association study of short-term temperature fluctuations based on within-sibship analyses in Australian females. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107655. [PMID: 36476687 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temperature fluctuations can affect human health independent of the effect of mean temperature. However, no study has evaluated whether short-term temperature fluctuations could affect DNA methylation. METHODS Peripheral blood DNA methylation for 479 female siblings of 130 families were analysed. Gridded daily temperatures data were obtained, linked to each participant's home address, and used to calculate nine different metrics of short-term temperature fluctuations: temperature variabilities (TVs) within the day of blood draw and preceding one to seven days (TV 0-1 to TV 0-7), diurnal temperature range (DTR), and temperature change between neighbouring days (TCN). Within-sibship design was used to perform epigenome-wide association analyses, adjusting for daily mean temperatures, and other important covariates (e.g., smoking, alcohol use, cell-type proportions). Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were further identified. Multiple-testing comparisons with a significant threshold of 0.01 for cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) and 0.05 for DMRs were applied. RESULTS Among 479 participants (mean age ± SD, 56.4 ± 7.9 years), we identified significant changes in methylation levels in 14 CpGs and 70 DMRs associated with temperature fluctuations. Almost all identified CpGs were associated with exposure to temperature fluctuations within three days. Differentially methylated signals were mapped to 68 genes that were linked to human diseases such as cancer (e.g., colorectal carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and metastatic neoplasms) and mental disorder (e.g., schizophrenia, mental depression, and bipolar disorder). The top three most significantly enriched gene ontology terms were Response to bacterium (TV 0-3), followed by Hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds (TCN), and Oxidoreductase activity (TV 0-3). CONCLUSIONS Short-term temperature fluctuations were associated with differentially methylated signals across the human genome, which provides evidence on the potential biological mechanisms underlying the health impact of temperature fluctuations. Future studies are needed to further clarify the roles of DNA methylation in diseases associated with temperature fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Rongbin Xu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ee Ming Wong
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shuai Li
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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Lustosa do Carmo TL, Moraes de Lima MC, de Vasconcelos Lima JL, Silva de Souza S, Val AL. Tissue distribution of appetite regulation genes and their expression in the Amazon fish Colossoma macropomum exposed to climate change scenario. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158729. [PMID: 36116666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change leads to an increase in water acidification and temperature, two environmental factors that can change fish appetite and metabolism, affecting fish population in both wild and aquaculture facilities. Therefore, our study tested if climate change affects gene expression levels of two appetite-regulating peptides - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Cholecystokinin (CCK) - in the brain of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum. Additionally, we show the distribution of these genes throughout the body. Amino acid sequences of CCK and NPY of tambaqui showed high similarity with other Characiformes, with the closely related order Cypriniformes, and even with the more distantly related order Salmoniformes. High apparent levels of both peptides were expressed in all brain areas, while expression levels varied for peripheral tissues. NPY and CCK mRNA were detected in all peripheral tissues but cephalic kidney for CCK. As for the effects of climate change, we found that fish exposed to extreme climate scenario (800 ppm CO2 and 4.5 °C above current climate scenario) had higher expression levels of NPY and lower expression levels of CCK in the telencephalon. The extreme climate scenario also increased food intake, weight gain, and body length. These results suggest that the telencephalon is probably responsible for sensing the metabolic status of the organism and controlling feeding behavior through NPY, likely an orexigenic hormone, and CCK, which may act as an anorexigenic hormone. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the effects of climate change on the endocrine regulation of appetite in an endemic and economically important fish from the Amazon. Our results can help us predict the impact of climate change on both wild and farmed fish populations, thus contributing to the elaboration of future policies regarding their conservation and sustainable use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Laurie Lustosa do Carmo
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Cristina Moraes de Lima
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Vasconcelos Lima
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Samara Silva de Souza
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luis Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Lacy B, Rahman MS. Interactive effects of high temperature and pesticide exposure on oxidative status, apoptosis, and renin expression in kidney of goldfish: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of widespread kidney damage and renin attenuation. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1787-1806. [PMID: 35698815 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
One of many noteworthy consequences of increasing societal reliance on pesticides is their predominance in aquatic environments. These pernicious chemicals interact with high temperatures from global climate change, heat waves, and natural variations to create unstable environments that negatively impact organisms' health. To understand these conditions, we examined the dose-dependent effects of environmentally relevant pesticide mixtures (metolachlor, linuron, isoproturon, tebuconazole, aclonifen, atrazine, pendimethalin, and azinphos-methyl) combined with elevated temperatures (22 control vs. 32°C for 4-week exposure) on renin, dinitrophenyl protein (DNP, an indicator of reactive oxygen species, ROS), 3-nitrotyrosine protein (NTP, an indicator of reactive nitrogen species, RNS), superoxidase dismutase (SOD, an antioxidant), and catalase (CAT, an antioxidant) expressions in the kidneys of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Histopathological analysis showed widespread damage to kidney tissues in high temperature and pesticide co-exposure groups, including rupture of the epithelial layer, hemorrhaging, and degeneration of tubular epithelium. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated significant declines in renin receptor-like mRNA and protein expressions in kidney tissues under combined exposure to high temperature and pesticides compared with controls; conversely, expression of DNP, NTP, SOD, and CAT increased in kidney tissues under the same conditions. Apoptotic cells were also increased in co-exposure groups as assessed by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick labeling (TUNEL) assay. The enhanced apoptosis in kidneys of heat and pesticides co-exposed fish was associated with increased caspase-3 (a protease enzyme) mRNA levels. Our results demonstrated that high temperature and pesticides induced oxidative/nitrative stress (i.e., ROS/RNS), damaged tissues, increased cellular apoptosis, and suppressed renin expression in kidneys of goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Lacy
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
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Wang J, Chen X, Ge X, Wang Z, Mu W. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of P53 from high latitude fish Phoxinus lagowskii and its response to hypoxia. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:631-644. [PMID: 35411444 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As an intermediate link between multiple cellular stresses and cellular responses, p53, together with its upstream and downstream regulators and related genes, constitutes a complex network that regulates cellular stresses and cellular responses. However, no studies have investigated p53 in Phoxinus lagowskii, particularly the expression of p53 under different hypoxic conditions. In the present study, the cDNA of p53 from the Phoxinus lagowskii was cloned by the combination of homology cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approaches. The full-length cDNA of Pl-p53 was 1878 bp, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 1116 bp encoding a polypeptide of 371 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 41.22 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 7.38. Quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR assays revealed that Pl-p53 was commonly expressed in all tissues examined, with highest expression in the heart. In addition, we investigated the expression of Pl-p53 in different tissues under different hypoxic conditions. In the short-term hypoxia group, Pl-p53 expression was down-regulated in both the brain and heart. The Pl-p53 expression was significantly elevated at 6 h in the muscle and liver, and was significantly up-regulated at 24 h in spleen. These results suggest that Pl-p53 plays different regulatory roles and provide a theoretical basis for the changes of p53 in fish facing hypoxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Xinrui Ge
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Weijie Mu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
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Shinde D, Ganesh CB. Chronic exposure to aquacultural stressors affects pituitary-testis axis in the Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:437-448. [PMID: 35201519 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction in fish is modulated by several factors that include environmental and endocrine components. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of aquacultural stressors along the pituitary-testis axis in a continuously breeding cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. The fish (35.05 ± 2.20 g) were divided into three groups (n = 10 in each group, n = 5 in each replicate), namely initial controls (euthanized on the day of initiation of experiment), time-matched controls (kept undisturbed), and stressed fish, which were subjected to different kinds of randomized aquacultural stressors such as handling, chasing, frequent netting, and low water levels, daily for a period of 21 days. Although the gonadosomatic index and the mean numbers of spermatogonia-A and spermatogonia-B did not differ significantly among different experimental groups, significant decrease was observed in the mean numbers of primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, early spermatids, and late spermatids in fish exposed to stressors compared to those of initial controls and time-matched controls. While the diameter of the seminiferous lobule was significantly lower, the size of the lumen and the serum levels of cortisol were significantly increased in stressed fish compared with initial controls and time-matched controls. Furthermore, weak androgen receptor immunoreactivity was observed in the Sertoli cells of the testis in contrast to the strongly immunoreactive androgen receptors in initial controls and time-matched controls. Concomitant with this, there was a significant decrease in the percent area and the intensity of luteinizing hormone (LH) immunoreactive content in the proximal pars distalis (PPD) region of the pituitary gland in stressed fish compared with initial controls and time-matched controls. Overall, these results suggest that exposure to chronic aquacultural stressors causes suppression of LH synthesis in the pituitary gland concomitant with decreased androgen receptor expression and blockade of recruitment of germline cells at the meiosis stage. This inhibition appears to be mediated through the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis in the tilapia O. mossambicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Shinde
- Department of Studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580 003, India
| | - C B Ganesh
- Department of Studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580 003, India.
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12
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Kundu S, Pal S, Talukdar S, Mahato S, Singha P. Integration of satellite image-derived temperature and water depth for assessing fish habitability in dam controlled flood plain wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:28083-28097. [PMID: 34988818 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study attempted to investigate the changes in temperature conducive to fish habitability during the summer months in a hydrologically modified wetland following damming over a river. Satellite image-driven temperature and depth data calibrated with field data were used to analyse fish habitability and the presence of thermally optimum habitable zones in some fishes, such as labeo rohita, cirrhinus mrigala, tilapia fish, small shrimp, and catfish. The study was conducted both at the water's surface and at the optimum depth of survival. It is very obvious from the analysis that a larger part of the wetland has become an area that destroyed aquatic habitat during the post-dam period, and existing wetlands have suffered significant shallowing of water depth. This has resulted in a shrinking of the thermally optimum area of fish survival in relation to surface water temperature (from 100.09 to 74.24 km2 before the dam to 93.97 to 0 km2 after the dam) and an improvement in the optimum habitable condition in the comfortable depth niche of survival. In the post-dam period, it increased from 75.49 to 99.76%. Since the damming effect causes a 30.53 to 100% depletion of the optimum depth niche, improving the thermal environment has no effect on fish habitability. More water must be released from dams for restoration. Image-driven depth and temperature data calibrated with field information has been successfully applied in data sparse conditions, and it is further recommended in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Kundu
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India
| | - Swades Pal
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India.
| | - Swapan Talukdar
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Susanta Mahato
- Special Centre for Disaster Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India.
| | - Pankaj Singha
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India
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Environmental hypoxia: A threat to the gonadal development and reproduction in bony fishes. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Dobler R, Charette M, Kaplan K, Turnell BR, Reinhardt K. Divergent natural selection alters male sperm competition success in
Drosophila melanogaster. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8567. [PMID: 35222953 PMCID: PMC8848461 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually selected traits may also be subject to non‐sexual selection. If optimal trait values depend on environmental conditions, then “narrow sense” (i.e., non‐sexual) natural selection can lead to local adaptation, with fitness in a certain environment being highest among individuals selected under that environment. Such adaptation can, in turn, drive ecological speciation via sexual selection. To date, most research on the effect of narrow‐sense natural selection on sexually selected traits has focused on precopulatory measures like mating success. However, postcopulatory traits, such as sperm function, can also be under non‐sexual selection, and have the potential to contribute to population divergence between different environments. Here, we investigate the effects of narrow‐sense natural selection on male postcopulatory success in Drosophila melanogaster. We chose two extreme environments, low oxygen (10%, hypoxic) or high CO2 (5%, hypercapnic) to detect small effects. We measured the sperm defensive (P1) and offensive (P2) capabilities of selected and control males in the corresponding selection environment and under control conditions. Overall, selection under hypoxia decreased both P1 and P2, while selection under hypercapnia had no effect. Surprisingly, P1 for both selected and control males was higher under both ambient hypoxia and ambient hypercapnia, compared to control conditions, while P2 was lower under hypoxia. We found limited evidence for local adaptation: the positive environmental effect of hypoxia on P1 was greater in hypoxia‐selected males than in controls. We discuss the implications of our findings for the evolution of postcopulatory traits in response to non‐sexual and sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Dobler
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology Institute of Evolution and Ecology Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen Tübingen Germany
- Applied Zoology Institute of Zoology Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Marc Charette
- Department of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Katrin Kaplan
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology Institute of Evolution and Ecology Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Biz R. Turnell
- Applied Zoology Institute of Zoology Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Klaus Reinhardt
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology Institute of Evolution and Ecology Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen Tübingen Germany
- Applied Zoology Institute of Zoology Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
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Heinrichs-Caldas W, de Almeida-Val VMF. Hypoxia tolerance in two amazon cichlids: mitochondrial respiration and cellular metabolism adjustments are result of species environmental preferences and distribution. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1759-1775. [PMID: 34480679 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The amazon fishes' responses to hypoxia seem to be related to the Amazon basin diversity of aquatic environments, which present drastic daily and seasonal variations in the dissolved oxygen concentration. Among these fishes' adaptation to hypoxia, behavioral, metabolic, physiological, and biochemical responses are well known for some species. In this work, we aimed to identify how two different aquatic environments, normoxic forest streams and hypoxic lakes, dictate the responses to hypoxia for two cichlid species, Mesonauta festivus and Aequidens pallidus. In our results, we found that A. pallidus is less tolerant to hypoxia, which seems to be related to this animal's natural normoxic environment. Even though this species modulated the mitochondrial respiration in order to improve the oxygen use, it also showed a lower decrease in metabolic rate when exposed to hypoxia and no activation of the anaerobic metabolism. Instead, M. festivus showed a higher decrease in metabolic rate and an activation of the anaerobic metabolism. Our data reveal that the natural dissolved oxygen influences the hypoxia tolerance and the species' tolerance is related to its ability to perform metabolic depression. The interest results are the absence of mitochondrial respiration influences in these processes. The results observed with A. pallidus bring to light also the importance of preserving the forests, in which streams hold very specialized species acclimated to normoxia and lower temperature. The importance of hypoxia tolerance is, thus, important to keep fish assemblage and is thought to be a strong driver of fish biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldir Heinrichs-Caldas
- LEEM - Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Evolução Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Campus I, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Vera Maria Fonseca de Almeida-Val
- LEEM - Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Evolução Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Campus I, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Polyphenolic Extracts from Spent Coffee Grounds Prevent H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Centropomus viridis Brain Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206195. [PMID: 34684776 PMCID: PMC8540615 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress in aquatic organisms might suppress the immune system and propagate infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of polyphenolic extracts from spent coffee grounds (SCG) against oxidative stress, induced by H2O2, in C. viridis brain cells, through an in vitro model. Hydrophilic extracts from SCG are rich in quinic, ferulic and caffeic acids and showed antioxidant capacity in DPPH, ORAC and FRAP assays. Furthermore, pretreatment of C. viridis brain cells with the polyphenolic extracts from SCG (230 and 460 µg/mL) for 24 h prior to 100 µM H2O2 exposure (1 h) significantly increased antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and reduced lipid peroxidation (measured by MDA levels). These results suggest that polyphenols found in SCG extracts exert an antioxidative protective effect against oxidative stress in C. viridis brain cells by stimulating the activity of SOD and CAT.
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Pinto GL, da Silva Castro J, Val AL. Copper and cadmium impair sperm performance, fertilization and hatching of oocytes from Amazonian fish Colossoma macropomum. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128957. [PMID: 33218723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of aquatic environments by transition metals can have a direct influence on the reproductive process of several organisms in the aquatic biota. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cadmium and copper on the sperm of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Male (n = 4) and female (n = 4) specimens of C. macropomum were induced to spermiation and ovulation, with sperm being activated in the following media: 0; 0.6; 1.2 and 1.8 mg/L of cadmium (CdCl2) and 0; 0.4; 0.8 and 1.2 mg/L of copper (CuCl2). Sperm quality was assessed through time (s) and motility rate (%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, lipoperoxidation levels (LPO), and morphological characteristics. In parallel, the effects of these metals on the rate of fertilization and hatching of the oocytes were evaluated. The duration and motility rate of sperm were longer in the control treatment, 85.67 ± 11.01 s; 90 ± 0.01%, and progressively decreased to 44.67 ± 4.16 s and 60 ± 5%, respectively, in concentrations of 1.8 mg/L (44.67 ± 4.16 s; 60 ± 5%) of CdCl2 and to 65.67 ± 3.30 s; 70 ± 5%, respectively, in concentrations of 0.8 mg/L of CuCl2. We observed an increase in the activity of the SOD enzyme in sperm cells exposed to 1.2 mg/L of CdCl2. The LPO levels were increased significantly in sperm cells exposed to 1.2 and 1.8 mg/L of CdCl2 and 0.8 mg/L of CuCl2. Fertilization and hatching were severely impaired in the presence of Cd and Cu. These data indicate that environments contaminated with cadmium and copper harm the gametes of C. macropomum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Lemes Pinto
- Undergratuate in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina -UFSC, St. Agronomic Engineer Andrei Cristian Ferreira, s/n - Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Jonatas da Silva Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Aquaculture, Nilton Lins University, Laranjeiras Park, Professor Nilton Lins Avenue, 3259 - Flores, Manaus, AM, 69058-030, Brazil; Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution (LEEM), Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon (INPA), André Araújo Avenue, 2.936 - Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.
| | - Adalberto Luis Val
- Postgraduate Program in Aquaculture, Nilton Lins University, Laranjeiras Park, Professor Nilton Lins Avenue, 3259 - Flores, Manaus, AM, 69058-030, Brazil; Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution (LEEM), Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon (INPA), André Araújo Avenue, 2.936 - Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.
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