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Potel KN, Cornelius VA, Yacoub A, Chokr A, Donaghy CL, Kelaini S, Eleftheriadou M, Margariti A. Effects of non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins on mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1165302. [PMID: 37719978 PMCID: PMC10502732 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1165302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications are the main cause of diabetes mellitus-associated morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction underly injury to the vascular endothelium and myocardium, resulting in diabetic angiopathy and cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to play an important role in cardiomyopathic disruptions of key cellular functions, including energy metabolism and oxidative balance. Both non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins are implicated in diabetic cardiomyopathy, however, their impact on mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of this disease is largely unknown. Elucidating the effects of non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins on mitochondrial pathways in diabetic cardiomyopathy would allow further insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications and could facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. Stem cell-based models can facilitate the study of non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins and their unique characteristics make them a promising tool to improve our understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray N. Potel
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria A. Cornelius
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Yacoub
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Chokr
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Clare L. Donaghy
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Kelaini
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalini Eleftheriadou
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Andriana Margariti
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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2
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Wang T, Yuan L, Chen Y, Wang J, Li N, Zhou H. Expression profiles and bioinformatic analysis of microRNAs in myocardium of diabetic cardiomyopathy mice. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:1003-1011. [PMID: 37253907 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate expression of target genes at post transcriptional level, and mediate the pathophysiological process of many diseases. OBJECTIVE The study will illuminate the miRNA expression profiles of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), seeking probable biomarkers of DCM at early stage and determining a target for the treatment of DCM. METHODS Db/db mice were used as an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. At 22 weeks of age, cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography, and the structural changes in myocardium were evaluated by HE staining and TEM. The miRNA expression profiles were detected using miRNA sequencing and differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by real-time PCR. Bioinformatic analysis was used to analyze target genes of these miRNAs and relevant pathways in DCM. RESULTS The results showed that 40 miRNAs were differentially expressed, including 28 upregulated miRNAs and 12 downregulated miRNAs. GO and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the target genes of up-regulated miRNAs were involved in 66 pathways, including Wnt, p53 and calcium signaling pathways, as well as FOXO and apoptosis signaling pathways, etc. The target genes of down-regulated miRNAs were involved in 68 pathways, including mitophagy, Ras and MAPK signaling pathways, etc. Moreover, some differentially expressed miRNAs were found in myocardium of DCM for the first time, such as miR-7225-5p, miR-696, miR-3470a, miR-3470b, miR-6240, miR-6538, miR-5128, miR-1195, miR-203-3p and miR-330-5p. CONCLUSIONS It is hoped that a few novel molecular pathways or targets of treatment for DCM would be found through understanding the expression features of miRNAs in diabetic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Lingling Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China.
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3
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Wu T, Qu Y, Xu S, Wang Y, Liu X, Ma D. SIRT6: A potential therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23099. [PMID: 37462453 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301012r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal lipid metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy can cause myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction, lipotoxicity, abnormal death of myocardial cells, and myocardial remodeling. Mitochondrial homeostasis and normal lipid metabolism can effectively slow down the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Recent studies have shown that SIRT6 may play an important role in the pathological changes of diabetic cardiomyopathy such as myocardial cell death, myocardial hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis by regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress and glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, understanding the function of SIRT6 and its role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is of great significance for exploring and developing new targets and drugs for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This article reviews the latest findings of SIRT6 in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, focusing on the regulation of mitochondria and lipid metabolism by SIRT6 to explore potential clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yiwei Qu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dufang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
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4
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Fang WJ, Li XM, Zhou XK, Xiong Y. Resveratrol improves diabetic cardiomyopathy by preventing asymmetric dimethylarginine-caused peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α acetylation. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 936:175342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Vilella R, Izzo S, Naponelli V, Savi M, Bocchi L, Dallabona C, Gerra MC, Stilli D, Bettuzzi S. In Vivo Treatment with a Standardized Green Tea Extract Restores Cardiomyocyte Contractility in Diabetic Rats by Improving Mitochondrial Function through SIRT1 Activation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1337. [PMID: 36355510 PMCID: PMC9692907 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Green tea catechins are known to promote mitochondrial function, and to modulate gene expression and signalling pathways that are altered in the diabetic heart. We thus evaluated the effectiveness of the in vivo administration of a standardized green tea extract (GTE) in restoring cardiac performance, in a rat model of early streptozotocin-induced diabetes, with a focus on the underlying mechanisms. Methods. Twenty-five male adult Wistar rats were studied: the control (n = 9), untreated diabetic animals (n = 7) and diabetic rats subjected to daily GTE administration for 28 days (n = 9). Isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes were used for ex vivo measurements of cell mechanics and calcium transients, and molecular assays, including the analysis of functional protein and specific miRNA expression. Results. GTE treatment induced an almost complete recovery of cardiomyocyte contractility that was markedly impaired in the diabetic cells, by preserving mitochondrial function and energy availability, and modulating the expression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase and phospholamban. Increased Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression and activity substantially contributed to the observed cardioprotective effects. Conclusions. The data supported the hypothesis that green tea dietary polyphenols, by targeting SIRT1, can constitute an adjuvant strategy for counteracting the initial damage of the diabetic heart, before the occurrence of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocchina Vilella
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Izzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Naponelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Monia Savi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bocchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Dallabona
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Gerra
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Donatella Stilli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Saverio Bettuzzi
- Adamas Biotech, 73024 Maglie, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
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6
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Purnama U, Castro-Guarda M, Sahoo OS, Carr CA. Modelling Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Using Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes to Complement Animal Models. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090832. [PMID: 36144236 PMCID: PMC9503602 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic, with cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. There is a pressing need for an in vitro model to aid understanding of the mechanisms driving diabetic heart disease, and to provide an accurate, reliable tool for drug testing. Human induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have potential as a disease modelling tool. There are several factors that drive molecular changes inside cardiomyocytes contributing to diabetic cardiomyopathy, including hyperglycaemia, lipotoxicity and hyperinsulinemia. Here we discuss these factors and how they can be seen in animal models and utilised in cell culture to mimic the diabetic heart. The use of human iPSC-CMs will allow for a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis and open up new avenues for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujang Purnama
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Marcos Castro-Guarda
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Om Saswat Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713216, India
| | - Carolyn A. Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1865-282247
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7
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Muñoz-Córdova F, Hernández-Fuentes C, Lopez-Crisosto C, Troncoso MF, Calle X, Guerrero-Moncayo A, Gabrielli L, Chiong M, Castro PF, Lavandero S. Novel Insights Into the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Pharmacological Strategies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:707336. [PMID: 35004869 PMCID: PMC8734937 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.707336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe complication of diabetes developed mainly in poorly controlled patients. In DCM, several clinical manifestations as well as cellular and molecular mechanisms contribute to its phenotype. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), chronic low-grade inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagic flux inhibition, altered metabolism, dysfunctional insulin signaling, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and increased myocardial cell death are described as the cardinal features involved in the genesis and development of DCM. However, many of these features can be associated with broader cellular processes such as inflammatory signaling, mitochondrial alterations, and autophagic flux inhibition. In this review, these mechanisms are critically discussed, highlighting the latest evidence and their contribution to the pathogenesis of DCM and their potential as pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Muñoz-Córdova
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Hernández-Fuentes
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Lopez-Crisosto
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mayarling F Troncoso
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Calle
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Guerrero-Moncayo
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luigi Gabrielli
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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8
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Sapian S, Taib IS, Latip J, Katas H, Chin KY, Mohd Nor NA, Jubaidi FF, Budin SB. Therapeutic Approach of Flavonoid in Ameliorating Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Targeting Mitochondrial-Induced Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11616. [PMID: 34769045 PMCID: PMC8583796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes cardiomyopathy is one of the key factors of mortality among diabetic patients around the globe. One of the prior contributors to the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy is cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. The cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction can induce oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and was found to be the cause of majority of the heart morphological and dynamical changes in diabetic cardiomyopathy. To slow down the occurrence of diabetic cardiomyopathy, it is crucial to discover therapeutic agents that target mitochondrial-induced oxidative stress. Flavonoid is a plentiful phytochemical in plants that shows a wide range of biological actions against human diseases. Flavonoids have been extensively documented for their ability to protect the heart from diabetic cardiomyopathy. Flavonoids' ability to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy is primarily attributed to their antioxidant properties. In this review, we present the mechanisms involved in flavonoid therapies in ameliorating mitochondrial-induced oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syaifuzah Sapian
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.S.); (I.S.T.); (N.A.M.N.); (F.F.J.)
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.S.); (I.S.T.); (N.A.M.N.); (F.F.J.)
| | - Jalifah Latip
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 46300, Malaysia;
| | - Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Nor Anizah Mohd Nor
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.S.); (I.S.T.); (N.A.M.N.); (F.F.J.)
| | - Fatin Farhana Jubaidi
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.S.); (I.S.T.); (N.A.M.N.); (F.F.J.)
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.S.); (I.S.T.); (N.A.M.N.); (F.F.J.)
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9
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Emerging Role of Mitophagy in the Heart: Therapeutic Potentials to Modulate Mitophagy in Cardiac Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3259963. [PMID: 34603595 PMCID: PMC8483925 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3259963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The normal function of the mitochondria is crucial for most tissues especially for those that demand a high energy supply. Emerging evidence has pointed out that healthy mitochondrial function is closely associated with normal heart function. When these processes fail to repair the damaged mitochondria, cells initiate a removal process referred to as mitophagy to clear away defective mitochondria. In cardiomyocytes, mitophagy is closely associated with metabolic activity, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and other physiological processes involved in major phenotypic alterations. Mitophagy alterations may contribute to detrimental or beneficial effects in a multitude of cardiac diseases, indicating potential clinical insights after a close understanding of the mechanisms. Here, we discuss the current opinions of mitophagy in the progression of cardiac diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and arrhythmia, and focus on the key molecules and related pathways involved in the regulation of mitophagy. We also discuss recently reported approaches targeting mitophagy in the therapy of cardiac diseases.
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10
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Li W, Li M, Qi J. Nano-Drug Design Based on the Physiological Properties of Glutathione. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185567. [PMID: 34577040 PMCID: PMC8469141 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is involved in and regulates important physiological functions of the body as an essential antioxidant. GSH plays an important role in anti-oxidation, detoxification, anti-aging, enhancing immunity and anti-tumor activity. Herein, based on the physiological properties of GSH in different diseases, mainly including the strong reducibility of GSH, high GSH content in tumor cells, and the NADPH depletion when GSSH is reduced to GSH, we extensively report the design principles, effect, and potential problems of various nano-drugs in diabetes, cancer, nervous system diseases, fluorescent probes, imaging, and food. These studies make full use of the physiological and pathological value of GSH and develop excellent design methods of nano-drugs related to GSH, which shows important scientific significance and prominent application value for the related diseases research that GSH participates in or responds to.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Qi
- Correspondence: or (M.L.); or (J.Q.)
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11
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Zhang LY, Lin RT, Chen HR, Yang YC, Lin MF, Tian LG, Pan ZQ, Lin L, Zhu LL, Gu ZJ, Chen XW, Li YJ, Chen S, Cai SY. High Glucose Activated Cardiac Fibroblasts by a Disruption of Mitochondria-Associated Membranes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:724470. [PMID: 34483973 PMCID: PMC8416471 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.724470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is evident even in the situation without a significant cardiomyocyte loss in diabetic cardiomyopathy and a high glucose (HG) level independently activates the cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and promotes cell proliferation. Mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, which are key for cell proliferation and the mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), are critically involved in this process. However, the roles and the underlying mechanism of MAMs in the proliferation of HG-induced CFs are largely unknown. The proliferation and apoptosis of CFs responding to HG treatment were evaluated. The MAMs were quantified, and the mitochondrial respiration and cellular glycolytic levels were determined using the Seahorse XF analyzer. The changes of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and mitofusin-2 (MFN2) in responding to HG were also determined, the effects of which on cell proliferation, MAMs, and mitochondrial respiration were assessed. The effects of STAT3 on MFN2 transcription was determined by the dual-luciferase reporter assay (DLRA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP). HG-induced CFs proliferation increased the glycolytic levels and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, while mitochondrial respiration was inhibited. The MAMs and MFN2 expressions were significantly reduced on the HG treatment, and the restoration of MFN2 expression counteracted the effects of HG on cell proliferation, mitochondrial respiration of the MAMs, glycolytic levels, and ATP production. The mitochondrial STAT3 contents were not changed by HG, but the levels of phosphorylated STAT3 and nuclear STAT3 were increased. The inhibition of STAT3 reversed the reduction of MFN2 levels induced by HG. The DLRA and CHIP directly demonstrated the negative regulation of MFN2 by STAT3 at the transcription levels via interacting with the sequences in the MFN2 promoter region locating at about −400 bp counting from the start site of transcription. The present study demonstrated that the HG independently induced CFs proliferation via promoting STAT3 translocation to the nucleus, which switched the mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis to produce ATP by inhibiting MAMs in an MFN2-depression manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Rui-Ting Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Hao-Ran Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Yong-Cong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Meng-Fei Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Lei-Gang Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Zhi-Qiong Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Liang-Liang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Zhen-Jie Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Xue-Wen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Yu-Jing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Shi-Yun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
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12
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Cellular mechanisms and recommended drug-based therapeutic options in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107920. [PMID: 34171330 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a specific cardiac phenotype characterized by structural and functional alterations. This so-called diabetic cardiomyopathy (DM CM) is clinically relevant as patients with DM show high incidence of heart failure. Mechanistically, several parameters interact on the cardiomyocyte level leading to increased inflammation, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species and altered calcium signaling. This in turn provokes functional myocardial changes that might inter alia play into the worsened clinical outcome in DM patients. Therefore, efficient therapeutic options are urgently needed. This review focuses on mechanistic effects of currently recommended antidiabetic treatment and heart failure therapy for DM CM.
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