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Wu HH, Du JM, Liu P, Meng FL, Li YY, Li WJ, Wang SX, Du NL, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Wang HY, Liu YR, Song CH, Ni X, Li Y, Su GH. LDHA contributes to nicotine induced cardiac fibrosis through autophagy flux impairment. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112338. [PMID: 38850787 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a typical feature of cardiac pathological remodeling, which is associated with adverse clinical outcomes and has no effective therapy. Nicotine is an important risk factor for cardiac fibrosis, yet its underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. This study aimed to identify its potential molecular mechanism in nicotine-induced cardiac fibrosis. Our results showed nicotine exposure led to the proliferation and transformation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into myofibroblasts (MFs) by impairing autophagy flux. Through the use of drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology, it was discovered that nicotine directly increased the stability and protein levels of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) by binding to it. Nicotine treatment impaired autophagy flux by regulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, impeding the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), and reducing the activity of cathepsin B (CTSB). In vivo, nicotine treatment exacerbated cardiac fibrosis induced in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and worsened cardiac function. Interestingly, the absence of LDHA reversed these effects both in vitro and in vivo. Our study identified LDHA as a novel nicotine-binding protein that plays a crucial role in mediating cardiac fibrosis by blocking autophagy flux. The findings suggest that LDHA could potentially serve as a promising target for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jia-Min Du
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan-Liang Meng
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yue-Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Nai-Li Du
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui-Yun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Ran Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chun-Hong Song
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xi Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Guo-Hai Su
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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2
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Mohammed Abdul KS, Han K, Guerrero AB, Wilson CN, Kulkarni A, Purcell NH. Increased PHLPP1 expression through ERK-4E-BP1 signaling axis drives nicotine induced oxidative stress related damage of cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 193:100-112. [PMID: 38851627 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine, a key constituent of tobacco/electronic cigarettes causes cardiovascular injury and mortality. Nicotine is known to induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes leading to cell death. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) is a member of metal-dependent protein phosphatase (PPM) family and is known to dephosphorylate several AGC family kinases and thereby regulate a diverse set of cellular functions including cell growth, survival, and death. Our lab has previously demonstrated that PHLPP1 removal reduced cardiomyocyte death and cardiac dysfunction following injury. Here, we present a novel finding that nicotine exposure significantly increased PHLPP1 protein expression in the adolescent rodent heart. Building upon our in vivo finding, we determined the mechanism of PHLPP1 expression in cardiomyocytes. Nicotine significantly increased PHLPP1 protein expression without altering PHLPP2 in cardiomyocytes. In cardiomyocytes, nicotine significantly increased NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), which coincided with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis which were dependent on PHLPP1 expression. PHLPP1 expression was both necessary and sufficient for nicotine induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Mechanistically, nicotine activated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) and subsequent eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) to increase PHLPP1 protein expression. Inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide (CHX) and 4EGI-1 abolished nicotine induced PHLPP1 protein expression. Moreover, inhibition of ERK1/2 activity by U0126 significantly blocked nicotine induced PHLPP1 expression. Overall, this study reveals a novel mechanism by which nicotine regulates PHLPP1 expression through ERK-4E-BP1 signaling axis to drive cardiomyocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimin Han
- Cardiovascular Signaling Division, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Alyssa B Guerrero
- Cardiovascular Signaling Division, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Cekia N Wilson
- Cardiovascular Signaling Division, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Amogh Kulkarni
- Cardiovascular Signaling Division, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Nicole H Purcell
- Cardiovascular Signaling Division, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California, USA; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
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3
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Hultgren NW, Zhou T, Williams DS. Machine learning-based 3D segmentation of mitochondria in polarized epithelial cells. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101882. [PMID: 38599302 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that alter their morphological characteristics in response to functional needs. Therefore, mitochondrial morphology is an important indicator of mitochondrial function and cellular health. Reliable segmentation of mitochondrial networks in microscopy images is a crucial initial step for further quantitative evaluation of their morphology. However, 3D mitochondrial segmentation, especially in cells with complex network morphology, such as in highly polarized cells, remains challenging. To improve the quality of 3D segmentation of mitochondria in super-resolution microscopy images, we took a machine learning approach, using 3D Trainable Weka, an ImageJ plugin. We demonstrated that, compared with other commonly used methods, our approach segmented mitochondrial networks effectively, with improved accuracy in different polarized epithelial cell models, including differentiated human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Furthermore, using several tools for quantitative analysis following segmentation, we revealed mitochondrial fragmentation in bafilomycin-treated RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan W Hultgren
- Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Tianli Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David S Williams
- Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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4
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Xia B, Ding J, Li Q, Zheng K, Wu J, Huang C, Liu K, You Q, Yuan X. Loganin protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis via activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Int J Cardiol 2024; 395:131426. [PMID: 37813285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a pathological process that follows immediate revascularization of myocardial infarction and is characterized by exacerbation of cardiac injury. Loganin, a monoterpene iridoid glycoside derived from Cornus officinalis Sieb. Et Zucc, can exert cardioprotective effects in cardiac hypertrophy and atherosclerosis. However, its role in ischemic heart disease remains largely unknown. METHODS Considering that Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has a protective effect on the heart, we developed a mouse model of MIRI to investigate the potential role of this pathway in loganin-induced cardioprotection. RESULTS Our results showed that treatment with loganin (20 mg/kg) prevented the enlargement of myocardial infarction, myocyte destruction, serum markers of cardiac injury, and deterioration of cardiac function induced by MIRI. Myocardium subjected to I/R treatment exhibited higher levels of oxidative stress, as indicated by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and dihydroethidium (DHE) density and a decrease in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), whereas treatment with loganin showed significant attenuation of I/R-induced oxidative stress. Loganin treatment also increased the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and reduced the expression of caspase-3/9, Bax, and the number of TUNEL-positive cells in ischemic cardiac tissue. Moreover, treatment with loganin triggered JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation, and AG490, a JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor, partially abrogated the cardioprotective effects of loganin, indicating the essential role of JAK2/STAT3 signaling in the cardioprotective effects of loganin. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that loganin protects the heart from I/R injury by inhibiting I/R-induced oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis via activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Xia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Koulong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingsheng You
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaomei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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5
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Santos EW, Khatoon S, Di Mise A, Zheng YM, Wang YX. Mitochondrial Dynamics in Pulmonary Hypertension. Biomedicines 2023; 12:53. [PMID: 38255160 PMCID: PMC10813473 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for energy production, calcium homeostasis, redox signaling, and other cellular responses involved in pulmonary vascular biology and disease processes. Mitochondrial homeostasis depends on a balance in mitochondrial fusion and fission (dynamics). Mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by a viable circadian clock. Hypoxia and nicotine exposure can cause dysfunctions in mitochondrial dynamics, increases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and calcium concentration, and decreases in ATP production. These mitochondrial changes contribute significantly to pulmonary vascular oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, contractile dysfunction, pathologic remodeling, and eventually pulmonary hypertension. In this review article, therefore, we primarily summarize recent advances in basic, translational, and clinical studies of circadian roles in mitochondrial metabolism in the pulmonary vasculature. This knowledge may not only be crucial to fully understanding the development of pulmonary hypertension, but also greatly help to create new therapeutic strategies for treating this devastating disease and other related pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed Wilson Santos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (E.W.S.); (S.K.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Subika Khatoon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (E.W.S.); (S.K.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (E.W.S.); (S.K.); (A.D.M.)
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (E.W.S.); (S.K.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (E.W.S.); (S.K.); (A.D.M.)
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6
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Gomez-Deza J, Slavutsky AL, Nebiyou M, Le Pichon CE. Local production of reactive oxygen species drives vincristine-induced axon degeneration. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:807. [PMID: 38065950 PMCID: PMC10709426 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurological side effects arising from chemotherapy, such as severe pain and cognitive impairment, are a major concern for cancer patients. These major side effects can lead to reduction or termination of chemotherapy medication in patients, negatively impacting their prognoses. With cancer survival rates improving dramatically, addressing side effects of cancer treatment has become pressing. Here, we use iPSC-derived human neurons to investigate the molecular mechanisms that lead to neurotoxicity induced by vincristine, a common chemotherapeutic used to treat solid tumors. Our results uncover a novel mechanism by which vincristine causes a local increase in mitochondrial proteins that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the axon. Vincristine triggers a cascade of axon pathology, causing mitochondrial dysfunction that leads to elevated axonal ROS levels and SARM1-dependent axon degeneration. Importantly, we show that the neurotoxic effect of increased axonal ROS can be mitigated by the small molecule mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (mdivi-1) and antioxidants glutathione and mitoquinone, identifying a novel therapeutic avenue to treat the neurological effects of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gomez-Deza
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anastasia L Slavutsky
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Nebiyou
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claire E Le Pichon
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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7
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Mohamed AAR, Moustafa GG, El Bohy KM, Saber TM, Metwally MMM, El Desoukey Mohammed H, El-Far AH, Alotaibi BS, Alosaimi M, Abuzahrah SS, Alqahtani LS. Exploring cardiac impact of oral nicotine exposure in a transplantable Neoplasm Mice Model: Insights from biochemical analysis, morphometry, and molecular docking: Chlorella vulgaris green algae support. Toxicology 2023; 497-498:153629. [PMID: 37704175 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine-induced cardiac tissue damage is a concern for cancer patients, but the exact pathogenesis from nicotine oral exposure is unclear. This study was designed to investigate the impact of nicotine and Chlorella vulgaris (Ch. V) on cardiac glutathione homeostasis, inflammatory response, cardiac damage markers, apoptotic proteins and histopathological findings in an experimentally transplantable neoplasm mouse model (Ehrlich ascites carcinoma; EAC). In the in-vivo experiment, the female Swiss mice were divided into four groups: control, Ch.V (100 mg/kg), Nicotine (100 µg/ml/kg), and a combination group ( Nocotine+ Ch.V) for 40 days. Furthermore, in this study,the effects of C. vulgaris components on caspase-3, TNF-α, and IL-1β activity were explored using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) docking software to ensure its ability to counteract the toxic effects of nicotine. The results indicated that nicotine has induced significant (P < 0.001) cardiopathic alterations in EAC-bearing mice with changes in cardiac tissue enzymes. C. Vulgaris attenuated the nicotine-induced cardiac glutathione inhibition, suppressed the inflammatory response, exerted antiapoptotic effects, mitigated myocardial injury biomarkers, and repaired cellular and tissue damage. Moreover, the molecular docking results revealed the ability of C. vulgaris to bind with interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL1R1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1 A (TNFRSF1A) in the mice tissues, ameliorating apoptosis and inflammatory processes associated with nicotine-induced cardiotoxicity. This study provides a model for understanding nicotine-induced myocardial injury during experimentally transplantable neoplasm. It highlights C. vulgaris as a beneficial food supplement for cancer patients exposed to nicotine orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Gihan G Moustafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Khlood M El Bohy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Taghred M Saber
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of pathology and clinical pathology, faculty of veterinary medicine, King Salman international University, Ras sudr، Egypt; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Heba El Desoukey Mohammed
- Specialist of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Veterinary Services, El Senbellawein, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Badriyah S Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manal Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah S Abuzahrah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena S Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23445, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Archie SR, Sifat AE, Mara D, Ahn Y, Akter KA, Zhang Y, Cucullo L, Abbruscato TJ. Impact of in-utero electronic cigarette exposure on neonatal neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1227145. [PMID: 37693917 PMCID: PMC10484598 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1227145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Despite the prevalence of the perception that electronic cigarettes (e-cig) are a safer alternative to tobacco smoke, growing concern about their potential toxic impact warrants adequate investigation focusing on special populations like maternal and pediatric groups. This study evaluated the consequences of maternal e-cig use on neonatal neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function in primary cultured neurons and postnatal day (PD) 7 and 90 brain. Methodology: Pregnant CD1 mice were exposed to e-cig vapor (2.4% nicotine) from gestational day 5 (E5) till PD7, and the primary neurons were isolated from pups at E16/17. Cellular total reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide were measured in primary neurons using CM-H2DCFDA and Mitosox red, respectively. Mitochondrial function was assessed by Seahorse XF Cell Mitostress analysis. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured in primary neurons and PD7 and PD90 brains by RT-PCR and immunobead assay. Western blot analysis evaluated the expression of antioxidative markers (SOD-2, HO-1, NRF2, NQO1) and that of the proinflammatory modulator NF-κB. Results: Significantly higher level of total cellular ROS (p < 0.05) and mitochondrial superoxide (p < 0.01) was observed in prenatally e-cig-exposed primary neurons. We also observed significantly reduced antioxidative marker expression and increased proinflammatory modulator and cytokines expression in primary neurons and PD7 (p < 0.05) but not in PD90 postnatal brain. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that prenatal e-cig exposure induces postnatal neuroinflammation by promoting oxidative stress (OS), increasing cytokines' levels, and disrupting mitochondrial function. These damaging events can alter the fetal brain's immune functions, making such offspring more vulnerable to brain insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rahman Archie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Ali Ehsan Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - David Mara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Yeseul Ahn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Khondker Ayesha Akter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Thomas J. Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States
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9
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Zhou Y, Long D, Zhao Y, Li S, Liang Y, Wan L, Zhang J, Xue F, Feng L. Oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial fission promotes hepatic stellate cell activation via stimulating oxidative phosphorylation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:689. [PMID: 35933403 PMCID: PMC9357036 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics in fibrotic livers and hepatocytes. Little is currently known about how mitochondrial dynamics are involved, nor is it clear how mitochondrial dynamics participate in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. In the present study, we investigated the role of mitochondrial dynamics in HSC activation and the underlying mechanisms. We verified that mitochondrial fission was enhanced in human and mouse fibrotic livers and active HSCs. Moreover, increased mitochondrial fission driven by fis1 overexpression could promote HSC activation. Inhibiting mitochondrial fission using mitochondrial fission inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1) could inhibit activation and induce apoptosis of active HSCs, indicating that increased mitochondrial fission is essential for HSC activation. Mdivi-1 treatment also induced apoptosis in active HSCs in vivo and thus ameliorated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. We also found that oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) was increased in active HSCs, and OxPhos inhibitors inhibited activation and induced apoptosis in active HSCs. Moreover, increasing mitochondrial fission upregulated OxPhos, while inhibiting mitochondrial fission downregulated OxPhos, suggesting that mitochondrial fission stimulates OxPhos during HSC activation. Next, we found that inhibition of oxidative stress using mitoquinone mesylate (mitoQ) and Tempol inhibited mitochondrial fission and OxPhos and induced apoptosis in active HSCs, suggesting that oxidative stress contributes to excessive mitochondrial fission during HSC activation. In conclusion, our study revealed that oxidative stress contributes to enhanced mitochondrial fission, which triggers OxPhos during HSC activation. Importantly, inhibiting mitochondrial fission has huge prospects for alleviating liver fibrosis by eliminating active HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of the Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Dan Long
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of the Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Shengfu Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of the Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Lin Wan
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Fulai Xue
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Li Feng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
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10
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Tao L, Qing Y, Cui Y, Shi D, Liu W, Chen L, Cao Y, Dai Z, Ge X, Zhang L. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization mediated apoptosis involve in perphenazine-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Lett 2022; 367:76-87. [PMID: 35914675 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs represent a class of lysosomotropic drugs widely used in clinical practice. However, the hepatotoxicity of these drugs has been reported in recent years. Therefore, understanding the changes in cellular homeostasis mediated by these drugs is of great significance for revealing the true mechanisms underlying hepatotoxicity. Perphenazine is a classical antipsychotic drug that can reportedly induce extrapyramidal and sympatholytic side effects. The present research focuses on the toxicity effect of perphenazine on normal human hepatocytes. To assess the hepatotoxicity of continuous administration of perphenazine and investigate potential mechanisms related to apoptosis, human normal L02 hepatocytes were exposed to 10-40μM perphenazine in vitro. The results showed that perphenazine inhibited cell viability in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, 30μM perphenazine induced intense lysosome vacuolation, impaired lysosomal membrane, and induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), ultimately triggering lysosomal cell death in L02 cells. Knockdown cathepsin D(CTSD) also ameliorated perphenazine-induced liver injury via the inhibition of LMP. In vivo, ICR mice received intragastric administration of 10-180mg/kg B.W. perphenazine every other day for 21 days. 180mg/kg perphenazine significantly increased histological injury and aminotransferases compared with control. Taken together, our findings suggest that perphenazine can trigger hepatotoxicity through lysosome disruption both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tao
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yingjie Qing
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yingyue Cui
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Da Shi
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Wenting Liu
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yu Cao
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Zhen Dai
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Xiaoming Ge
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
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11
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Mitochondria oxidative stress mediated nicotine-promoted activation of pancreatic stellate cells by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 84:105436. [PMID: 35842057 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine, one of the main ingredients of cigarettes, promotes activation of pancreatic stellate cells(PSCs) and exacerbates pancreatic fibrosis in previous studies. Here we focus on the inner relationship between mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics to explore the possible mechanism. Primary human PSCs were stimulated by nicotine. The effect of nicotine on oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics was analyzed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blotting. Mitochondrial morphology was observed. Antioxidant and small interfering RNA transfection were applied to explore the interrelationship between oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics, as well as its effect on PSCs activation. Nicotine exposure significantly increased Intracellular and mitochondrial ROS of hPSCs and promoted mitochondrial fission by upregulating dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1). Knockdown Drp1 reversed mitochondrial fragmentation and hPSCs activation that promoted by nicotine, but fail to alleviate oxidative stress. A mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant could reverse all the above changes. Our finding suggests that mitochondria oxidative stress mediated nicotine-promoted activation of PSCs by inducing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission, provides a new perspective on the possible mechanism by which nicotine affects PSCs, and reveals a potential therapeutic strategy.
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12
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Hepatoprotective Effect of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Mito-TEMPO against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury in Mouse. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:6394199. [PMID: 35769207 PMCID: PMC9236847 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6394199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is vulnerable to sepsis, and sepsis-induced liver injury is closely associated with poor survival of sepsis patients. Studies have found that the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the major cause of oxidative stress, which is the main pathogenic factor for the progression of septic liver injury. The mitochondria are a major source of ROS. Mito-TEMPO is a mitochondria-specific superoxide scavenger. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Mito-TEMPO on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced sepsis mice. We found that Mito-TEMPO pretreatment inhibited inflammation, attenuated LPS-induced liver injury, and enhanced the antioxidative capability in septic mice, as evidenced by the decreased MDA content and the increased SOD activity. In addition, Mito-TEMPO restored mitochondrial size and improved mitochondrial function. Finally, we found that the levels of pyroptosis-related proteins in the liver of LPS-treated mice were lower after pretreatment with Mito-TEMPO. The mechanisms could be related to Mito-TEMPO enhanced antioxidative capability and improved mitochondrial function, which reflects the ability to neutralize ROS.
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13
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Xia B, Li Q, Wu J, Yuan X, Wang F, Lu X, Huang C, Zheng K, Yang R, Yin L, Liu K, You Q. Sinomenine Confers Protection Against Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Preventing Oxidative Stress, Cellular Apoptosis, and Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:922484. [PMID: 35837272 PMCID: PMC9274168 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.922484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinomenine (SIN), an alkaloid extracted from the root of S. acutum. sinomenine, has been shown to have antiarrhythmic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) ex vivo. In this study, we investigated the cardioprotective effects of SIN in an in vivo mouse model of MIRI. Adult male C57BL/6J mice received SIN (80 mg/kg) for 5 days and underwent 30 min of percutaneous occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Results showed that pretreatment with SIN significantly reduced myocardial infarct size and concentrations of markers of cardiac injury and improved left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and shortening fraction (FS) in MIRI mice. The SIN pretreatment prevented the MIRI-induced decrease in the expression levels of Bcl-2, increase in the expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax, and increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells in ischemic heart tissue. It was also found that pretreatment with SIN prevented the MIRI-induced oxidative stress imbalance in ischemic heart tissue, as shown by the increase in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione (GSH) and the decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and dihydroethidium (DHE) density. Further studies showed that the stimulus of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion caused a remarkable increase in the expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA in ischemic heart tissue, which was effectively prevented by pretreatment with SIN. These results demonstrate that SIN can attenuate MIRI-induced cardiac injury in vivo by preventing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Xia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Koulong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Le Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Tongzhou People’s Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Liu, ; Qingsheng You,
| | - Qingsheng You
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Liu, ; Qingsheng You,
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14
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Zhong X, Wu Q, Wang Z, Zhang M, Zheng S, Shi F, Chen Y, Che Y, Yuan S, Xing K. Iron deficiency exacerbates aortic medial degeneration by inducing excessive mitochondrial fission. Food Funct 2022; 13:7666-7683. [PMID: 35735054 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01084d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) is a global nutritional deficiency that was shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) in our previous studies. Some studies suggested that mitochondrial dynamics was involved in the apoptosis and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, little is known about the role of mitochondrial dynamics in aortic medial degeneration (AMD) promoted by an iron deficient diet. The present study investigated the effect of ID on the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs, the progression of AMD, and the underlying mechanism. The expression of p-Drp1 (Ser616) and Fis1 was markedly upregulated in the aortic media of AAD patients and ApoE-/- mice with subcutaneous AngII osmotic pumps. ID facilitated the formation of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs), which triggered excessive mitochondrial fission, induced the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs, and ultimately accelerated the progression of AMD. Furthermore, the present study indicated that an inhibitor of Drp1 could partially reverse this process. Maintaining iron balance in the human body may prevent the development of AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. .,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. .,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihao Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyang Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjia Che
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Yuan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Xing
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9# Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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15
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Nicotine Affects Multiple Biological Processes in EpiDermTM Organotypic Tissues and Keratinocyte Monolayers. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dermal exposure to nicotine is common due to the widespread use of tobacco products. Here, we assessed the effects of nicotine at concentrations found in thirdhand smoke (THS) contaminated environments and electronic cigarette (EC) spills or leaks on a 3D human skin model (EpiDermTM) and on submerged keratinocyte cultures. Air liquid interface treatment of EpiDermTM with 10 or 400 μg/mL of nicotine for 24 h followed by proteomics analysis showed altered pathways related to inflammation, protein synthesis, cell–cell adhesion, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function. Submerged cultured keratinocytes were used to validate the proteomics data and further characterize the response of skin cells to nicotine. Mitochondrial phenotype changed from networked to punctate in keratinocytes treated with 10 or 400 μg/mL of nicotine for 48 h and 24 h, respectively. After 72 h, all concentrations of nicotine caused a significant decrease in the networked phenotype. In Western blots, keratinocytes exposed to 400 μg/mL of nicotine had a significant decrease in mitofusin 2, while mitofusin 1 decreased after 72 h. The shift from networked to punctate mitochondria correlated with a decrease in mitofusin 1/2, a protein needed to establish and maintain the networked phenotype. Mitochondrial changes were reversible after a 24 h recovery period. Peroxisomes exposed to 400 μg/mL of nicotine for 24 h became enlarged and were fewer in number. Nicotine concentrations in THS and EC spills altered the proteome profile in EpiDermTM and damaged organelles including mitochondria and peroxisomes, which are involved in ROS homeostasis. These changes may exacerbate skin infections, inhibit wound healing, and cause oxidative damage to cells in the skin.
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16
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Lycium barbarum polysaccharide antagonizes cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the upregulation of GRK2 induced by I/R injury, and salvage mitochondrial fission/fusion imbalance and AKT/eNOS signaling. Cell Signal 2022; 92:110252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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