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Fei X, Chen L, Gao J, Jiang X, Sun W, Cheng X, Zhao T, Zhao M, Zhu L. p53 lysine-lactylated modification contributes to lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory activation in BV2 cell under hypoxic conditions. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105794. [PMID: 38908518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
p53 has diversity functions in regulation of transcription, cell proliferation, cancer metastasis, etc. Recent studies have shown that p53 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) co-regulate proinflammatory responses in macrophages. However, the role of p53 lysine lactylation (p53Kla) in mediating proinflammatory phenotypes in microglia under hypoxic conditions remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated the proinflammatory activation exacerbated by hypoxia and the levels of p53Kla in microglial cells. BV2 cells, an immortalized mouse microglia cell line, were divided into control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced, hypoxia (Hy), and LPS-Hy groups. The protein expression levels of p53 and p53Kla and the activation of microglia were compared among the four groups. Sodium oxamate and mutant p53 plasmids were transfected into BV2 cells to detect the effect of p53Kla on microglial proinflammatory activation. LPS-Hy stimulation significantly upregulated p53Kla levels in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of BV2 cells. In contrast, the p53 protein levels were downregulated. LPS-Hy stimulation upregulated phosphorylated p65 protein levels in nuclear and activated the NF-κB pathway in BV2 cells, resulting in increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (iNOS, IL6, IL1β, TNFα), enhanced cell viability, and concomitantly, increased cytotoxicity. In conclusion, p53 lysine-lactylated modification contributes to LPS-induced proinflammatory activation in BV2 cells under hypoxia through NF-κB pathway and inhibition of lactate production may alleviate neuroinflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Fei
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China; Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jiayue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiufang Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China; Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Shushanyan RA, Avtandilyan NV, Grigoryan AV, Karapetyan AF. The role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of high-altitude cerebral edema in rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2024; 327:104286. [PMID: 38825093 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
High-altitude environments present extreme conditions characterized by low barometric pressure and oxygen deficiency, which can disrupt brain functioning and cause edema formation. The objective of the present study is to investigate several biomolecule expressions and their role in the development of High Altitude Cerebral Edema in a rat model. Specifically, the study focuses on analyzing the changes in total arginase, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels in the brain following acute hypobaric hypoxic exposure (7620 m, SO2=8.1 %, for 24 h) along with the histopathological assessment. The histological examination revealed increased TNF-α activity, and an elevated number of mast cells in the brain, mainly in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The research findings demonstrated that acute hypobaric hypoxic causes increased levels of apoptotic cells, shrinkage, and swelling of neurons, accompanied by the formation of protein aggregation in the brain parenchyma. Additionally, the level of nitric oxide and MDA was found to have increased (p<0.0001), however, the level of arginase decreased indicating active lipid peroxidation and redox imbalance in the brain. This study provides insights into the pathogenesis of HACE by evaluating some biomolecules that play a pivotal role in the inflammatory response and the redox landscape in the brain. The findings could have significant implications for understanding the neuronal dysfunction and the pathological mechanisms underlying HACE development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolay V Avtandilyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anna V Grigoryan
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Yerevan State University, Armenia
| | - Anna F Karapetyan
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Yerevan State University, Armenia
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3
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D'Adamo E, Levantini G, Librandi M, Botondi V, Di Ricco L, De Sanctis S, Spagnuolo C, Gazzolo F, Gavilanes DA, Di Gregorio P, Di Monte J, Strozzi MC, Maconi A, Cassinari M, Libener R, Gazzolo D. Fetal chronic hypoxia does not affect urinary presepsin levels in newborns at birth. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1643-1648. [PMID: 38353160 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early sepsis detection and diagnosis still constitutes an open issue since the accuracy of standard-of care parameters is biased by a series of perinatal factors including hypoxia. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the effect of fetal chronic hypoxia insult on urine levels of a promising new marker of sepsis, namely presepsin (P-SEP). METHODS We conducted a prospective case-control study in 22 cases of early-intrauterine growth restriction (E-IUGR) compared with 22 small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborns and 66 healthy controls. P-SEP urine samples were collected over the first 72 h from birth. Blood culture and C-reactive protein (CRP) blood levels were measured in E-IUGR and SGA infants. Perinatal standard monitoring parameters and main outcomes were also recorded. RESULTS No significant urinary P-SEP differences (p>0.05, for all) were observed among studied groups. Moreover, no significant correlations (p>0.05, for both) between urinary P-SEP and blood CRP levels in both E-IUGR and SGA groups (R=0.08; R=0.07, respectively) were observed. CONCLUSIONS The present results showing the lack of influence of fetal chronic hypoxia on urinary P-SEP levels offer additional data to hypothesize the possible use of urinary P-SEP measurement in neonates in daily clinical practice. Further multicenter prospective data are needed, including infants with early-onset sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebe D'Adamo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Michela Librandi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Botondi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Di Ricco
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara De Sanctis
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cynzia Spagnuolo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Aw Gavilanes
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maria Chiara Strozzi
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy
| | - Antonio Maconi
- Social Security Administration Development and Promotion of Scientific Research Unit, SS Antonio, Biagio and C. Arrigo Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cassinari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Transfusion and Regeneration Medicine Alessandria Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Roberta Libener
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Transfusion and Regeneration Medicine Alessandria Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Diego Gazzolo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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4
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Sethy NK. It Is High Time: Rationale for Inclusion of Quantitative Markers for Acute Mountain Sickness Screening. High Alt Med Biol 2024. [PMID: 39046921 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2024.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Niroj Kumar Sethy
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India
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5
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Silva-Caso W, Kym S, Merino-Luna A, Aguilar-Luis MA, Tarazona-Castro Y, Carrillo-Ng H, Bonifacio-Velez de Villa E, Aquino-Ortega R, del Valle-Mendoza J. Analysis of Ferritin, Hepcidin, Zinc, C-Reactive Protein and IL-6 Levels in COVID-19 in Patients Living at Different Altitudes in Peru. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1609. [PMID: 39062181 PMCID: PMC11275107 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite great scientific efforts, understanding the role of COVID-19 clinical biomarkers remains a challenge. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study in two Peruvian cities at different altitudes for comparison: Lima and Huaraz. In each place, three groups were formed, made up of 25 patients with COVID-19 in the ICU, 25 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who did not require the ICU, and 25 healthy subjects as a control group. Five biomarkers were measured: IL-6, hepcidin, ferritin, C-reactive protein, and zinc using ELISA assays. RESULTS Ferritin, C-reactive protein, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the ICU and non-ICU groups at both study sites. In the case of hepcidin, the levels were significantly higher in the ICU group at both study sites compared to the non-ICU group. Among the groups within each study site, the highest altitude area presented statistically significant differences between its groups in all the markers evaluated. In the lower altitude area, differences were only observed between the groups for the zinc biomarker. CONCLUSION COVID-19 patients residing at high altitudes tend to have higher levels of zinc and IL-6 in all groups studied compared to their lower altitude counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilmer Silva-Caso
- Biomedicine Laboratory, Research Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos Cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima 15023, Peru; (M.A.A.-L.); (H.C.-N.); (R.A.-O.)
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Sungmin Kym
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 305764, Republic of Korea
| | - Alfredo Merino-Luna
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Clinica San Pablo, Sede Huaraz, Huaraz 02002, Peru
| | - Miguel Angel Aguilar-Luis
- Biomedicine Laboratory, Research Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos Cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima 15023, Peru; (M.A.A.-L.); (H.C.-N.); (R.A.-O.)
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Yordi Tarazona-Castro
- Biomedicine Laboratory, Research Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos Cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima 15023, Peru; (M.A.A.-L.); (H.C.-N.); (R.A.-O.)
| | - Hugo Carrillo-Ng
- Biomedicine Laboratory, Research Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos Cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima 15023, Peru; (M.A.A.-L.); (H.C.-N.); (R.A.-O.)
| | - Eliezer Bonifacio-Velez de Villa
- Biomedicine Laboratory, Research Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos Cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima 15023, Peru; (M.A.A.-L.); (H.C.-N.); (R.A.-O.)
| | - Ronald Aquino-Ortega
- Biomedicine Laboratory, Research Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos Cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima 15023, Peru; (M.A.A.-L.); (H.C.-N.); (R.A.-O.)
- School of Biology, Research Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicdas, Lima 15023, Peru
| | - Juana del Valle-Mendoza
- Biomedicine Laboratory, Research Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos Cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima 15023, Peru; (M.A.A.-L.); (H.C.-N.); (R.A.-O.)
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima 15024, Peru
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Yang C, Li G, Zhang Q, Bai W, Li Q, Zhang P, Zhang J. Histone deacetylase Sir2 promotes the systemic Candida albicans infection by facilitating its immune escape via remodeling the cell wall and maintaining the metabolic activity. mBio 2024; 15:e0044524. [PMID: 38682948 PMCID: PMC11237532 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00445-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylation affects Candida albicans (C. albicans) pathogenicity by modulating virulence factor expression and DNA damage. The histone deacetylase Sir2 is associated with C. albicans plasticity and maintains genome stability to help C. albicans adapt to various environmental niches. However, whether Sir2-mediated chromatin modification affects C. albicans virulence is unclear. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of Sir2 on C. albicans pathogenicity and regulation. Here, we report that Sir2 is required for C. albicans pathogenicity, as its deletion affects the survival rate, fungal burden in different organs and the extent of tissue damage in a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis. We evaluated the impact of Sir2 on C. albicans virulence factors and revealed that the Sir2 null mutant had an impaired ability to adhere to host cells and was more easily recognized by the innate immune system. Comprehensive analysis revealed that the disruption of C. albicans adhesion was due to a decrease in cell surface hydrophobicity rather than the differential expression of adhesion genes on the cell wall. In addition, Sir2 affects the distribution and exposure of mannan and β-glucan on the cell wall, indicating that Sir2 plays a role in preventing the immune system from recognizing C. albicans. Interestingly, our results also indicated that Sir2 helps C. albicans maintain metabolic activity under hypoxic conditions, suggesting that Sir2 contributes to C. albicans colonization at hypoxic sites. In conclusion, our findings provide detailed insights into antifungal targets and a useful foundation for the development of antifungal drugs. IMPORTANCE Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most common opportunistic fungal pathogen and can cause various superficial infections and even life-threatening systemic infections. To successfully propagate infection, this organism relies on the ability to express virulence-associated factors and escape host immunity. In this study, we demonstrated that the histone deacetylase Sir2 helps C. albicans adhere to host cells and escape host immunity by mediating cell wall remodeling; as a result, C. albicans successfully colonized and invaded the host in vivo. In addition, we found that Sir2 contributes to carbon utilization under hypoxic conditions, suggesting that Sir2 is important for C. albicans survival and the establishment of infection in hypoxic environments. In summary, we investigated the role of Sir2 in regulating C. albicans pathogenicity in detail; these findings provide a potential target for the development of antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanglin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiyue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhui Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingiqng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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7
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Zhou Y, Yin Z, Cui J, Wang C, Fu T, Adu-Amankwaah J, Fu L, Zhou X. 16α-OHE1 alleviates hypoxia-induced inflammation and myocardial damage via the activation of β2-Adrenergic receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 587:112200. [PMID: 38518841 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial injuries resulting from hypoxia are a significant concern, and this study aimed to explore potential protective strategies against such damage. Specifically, we sought to investigate the cardioprotective effects of 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1). METHODS Male Sprague‒Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to hypoxic conditions simulating high-altitude exposure at 6000 m in a low-pressure chamber for 7 days. Before and during hypoxic exposure, estradiol (E2) and various doses of 16α-OHE1 were administered for 14 days. Heart weight/body weight (HW/BW), myocardial structure, Myocardial injury indicators and inflammatory infiltration in rats were measured. H9C2 cells cultured under 5% O2 conditions received E2 and varying doses of 16α-OHE1; Cell viability, apoptosis, inflammatory infiltration, and Myocardial injury indicators were determined. Expression levels of β2AR were determined in rat hearts and H9C2 cells. The β2AR inhibitor, ICI 118,551, was employed to investigate β2AR's role in 16α-OHE1's cardioprotective effects. RESULTS Hypoxia led to substantial myocardial damage, evident in increased heart HW, CK-MB, cTnT, ANP, BNP, structural myocardial changes, inflammatory infiltration, and apoptosis. Pre-treatment with E2 and 16α-OHE1 significantly mitigated these adverse changes. Importantly, the protective effects of E2 and 16α-OHE1 were associated with the upregulation of β2AR expression in both rat hearts and H9C2 cells. However, inhibition of β2AR by ICI 118,551 in H9C2 cells nullified the protective effect of 16α-OHE1 on myocardium. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that 16α-OHE1 can effectively reduce hypoxia-induced myocardial injury in rats through β2ARs, indicating a promising avenue for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yequan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, 221004.
| | - Zeyuan Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, 221004; University of Manchester, CTF Building, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom.
| | - Junchao Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, 221004.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, 221004.
| | - Tong Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, 221004.
| | | | - Lu Fu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, 221004.
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, 221004.
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Self AA, Mesarwi OA. Intermittent Versus Sustained Hypoxemia from Sleep-disordered Breathing: Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Lung Disease and High Altitude. Sleep Med Clin 2024; 19:327-337. [PMID: 38692756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
In a variety of physiologic and pathologic states, people may experience both chronic sustained hypoxemia and intermittent hypoxemia ("combined" or "overlap" hypoxemia). In general, hypoxemia in such instances predicts a variety of maladaptive outcomes, including excess cardiovascular disease or mortality. However, hypoxemia may be one of the myriad phenotypic effects in such states, making it difficult to ascertain whether adverse outcomes are primarily driven by hypoxemia, and if so, whether these effects are due to intermittent versus sustained hypoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A Self
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive Mail Code 0623A, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Omar A Mesarwi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive Mail Code 0623A, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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9
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Su R, Han C, Chen G, Li H, Liu W, Wang C, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Ma H. Low- and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise improves the physiological acclimatization of lowlanders on the Tibetan plateau. Eur J Sport Sci 2024; 24:834-845. [PMID: 38874991 PMCID: PMC11235882 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates whether exercise as a strategy for improving physical fitness at sea level also offers comparable benefits in the unique context of high altitudes (HA), considering the physiological challenges of hypoxic conditions. Overall, 121 lowlanders who had lived on the Tibetan Plateau for >2 years and were still living at HA during the measurements were randomly classified into four groups. Each individual of the low-intensity (LI), moderate-intensity (MI), and high-intensity (HI) groups performed 20 sessions of aerobic exercise at HA (3680 m) over 4 weeks, while the control group (CG) did not undergo any intervention. Physiological responses before and after the intervention were observed. The LI and MI groups experienced significant improvement in cardiopulmonary fitness (0.27 and 0.35 L/min increases in peak oxygen uptake [V ˙ $\dot{\mathrm{V}}$ O2peak], both p < 0.05) after exercise intervention, while the hematocrit (HCT) remained unchanged (p > 0.05). However, HI exercise was less efficient for cardiopulmonary fitness of lowlanders (0.02 L/min decrease inV ˙ $\dot{\mathrm{V}}$ O2peak, p > 0.05), whereas both the HCT (1.74 %, p < 0.001) and glomerular filtration rate (18.41 mL/min, p < 0.001) increased with HI intervention. Therefore, LI and MI aerobic exercise, rather than HI, can help lowlanders in Tibet become more acclimated to the HA by increasing cardiopulmonary function and counteracting erythrocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental AcclimationTibet UniversityLhasaChina
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Academy of Plateau Science and SustainabilityPeople's Government of Qinghai Province/Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingQinghaiChina
| | - Chenxiao Han
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental AcclimationTibet UniversityLhasaChina
| | - Guiquan Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and RehabilitationThe Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Hao Li
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental AcclimationTibet UniversityLhasaChina
| | - Wanying Liu
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental AcclimationTibet UniversityLhasaChina
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental AcclimationTibet UniversityLhasaChina
| | - Wenrui Zhang
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental AcclimationTibet UniversityLhasaChina
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental AcclimationTibet UniversityLhasaChina
| | - Delong Zhang
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental AcclimationTibet UniversityLhasaChina
- Key Laboratory of BrainCognition and Education SciencesMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- School of PsychologyCenter for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hailin Ma
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental AcclimationTibet UniversityLhasaChina
- Academy of Plateau Science and SustainabilityPeople's Government of Qinghai Province/Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingQinghaiChina
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10
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Kzar WA, Abbas RF. Association of Polymorphism with Periodontitis and Salivary Levels of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38744330 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This investigation aims to investigate the association between HIF-1α genetic polymorphism and periodontitis and examine and contrast the levels of HIF-1α present in the saliva of subjects afflicted with periodontitis and in the control group. Additionally, this study aims to establish diagnostic proficiency of this biomarker in distinguishing between periodontal health and disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study entailed the collection of venous blood samples and unstimulated saliva samples from a total of 160 participants, encompassing 80 individuals diagnosed with periodontitis and 80 periodontitis-free individuals. The periodontal parameters were evaluated, involving the measurement of clinical attachment loss, the probing pocket depth, and the bleeding on probing percentage. Subsequently, genetic analysis of HIF-1α using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, DNA sequencing, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays was conducted. RESULTS The genetic analysis of 352 bp of the HIF-1α gene revealed the presence of 66 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in control samples, whereas 78 SNPs were found in periodontitis sample. The nucleotide A was replaced with a C nucleotide at position 207 of the amplified PCR fragments. The homozygous AA pattern was predominant in the control group, with significant differences between the two groups. In contrast, the homozygous CC pattern was more dominant in the periodontitis group, with significant differences between the two groups. The analysis of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the comparison between the observed and the expected genotypes showed significant differences between the observed and the expected values in the control and periodontitis groups, as well as the total sample. The highest mean values of the measured periodontal parameters were found in the periodontitis group (clinical attachment loss = 4.759, probing pocket depth = 4.050, and bleeding on probing = 30.950) with statistically significant differences between the groups. The periodontitis group showed significantly higher salivary HIF-1α levels compared to control group (p < 0.001). Besides, HIF-1α is a good biomarker in distinguishing between periodontal health and periodontitis. CONCLUSION rs1951795 SNP of HIF-1α has no significant impact on the progression of periodontitis and the salivary level HIF-1α. Periodontitis results in a notable elevation in HIF-1α salivary levels, with an outstanding diagnostic ability to distinguish between periodontitis and periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Abdulazeez Kzar
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Raghad Fadhil Abbas
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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11
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Debruyne A, Okkelman IA, Heymans N, Pinheiro C, Hendrix A, Nobis M, Borisov SM, Dmitriev RI. Live Microscopy of Multicellular Spheroids with the Multimodal Near-Infrared Nanoparticles Reveals Differences in Oxygenation Gradients. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12168-12186. [PMID: 38687976 PMCID: PMC11100290 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Assessment of hypoxia, nutrients, metabolite gradients, and other hallmarks of the tumor microenvironment within 3D multicellular spheroid and organoid models represents a challenging analytical task. Here, we report red/near-infrared (NIR) emitting cell staining with O2-sensitive nanoparticles, which enable measurements of spheroid oxygenation on a conventional fluorescence microscope. Nanosensor probes, termed "MMIR" (multimodal infrared), incorporate an NIR O2-sensitive metalloporphyrin (PtTPTBPF) and deep red aza-BODIPY reference dyes within a biocompatible polymer shell, allowing for oxygen gradient quantification via fluorescence ratio and phosphorescence lifetime readouts. We optimized staining techniques and evaluated the nanosensor probe characteristics and cytotoxicity. Subsequently, we applied nanosensors to the live spheroid models based on HCT116, DPSCs, and SKOV3 cells, at rest, and treated with drugs affecting cell respiration. We found that the growth medium viscosity, spheroid size, and formation method influenced spheroid oxygenation. Some spheroids produced from HCT116 and dental pulp stem cells exhibited "inverted" oxygenation gradients, with higher core oxygen levels than the periphery. This contrasted with the frequently encountered "normal" gradient of hypoxia toward the core caused by diffusion. Further microscopy analysis of spheroids with an "inverted" gradient demonstrated metabolic stratification of cells within spheroids: thus, autofluorescence FLIM of NAD(P)H indicated the formation of a glycolytic core and localization of OxPhos-active cells at the periphery. Collectively, we demonstrate a strong potential of NIR-emitting ratiometric nanosensors for advanced microscopy studies targeting live and quantitative real-time monitoring of cell metabolism and hypoxia in complex 3D tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela
C. Debruyne
- Tissue
Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure
and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irina A. Okkelman
- Tissue
Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure
and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent
Light
Microscopy Core, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nina Heymans
- Tissue
Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure
and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cláudio Pinheiro
- Laboratory
of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and
Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer
Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory
of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and
Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer
Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Max Nobis
- Intravital
Imaging Expertise Center, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sergey M. Borisov
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Ruslan I. Dmitriev
- Tissue
Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure
and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent
Light
Microscopy Core, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Mustakim KR, Eo MY, Seo MH, Yang HC, Kim MK, Myoung H, Kim SM. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evaluation of hyperplastic soft tissues surrounding dental implants in fibular jaws. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10717. [PMID: 38730018 PMCID: PMC11087521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In reconstructive surgery, complications post-fibula free flap (FFF) reconstruction, notably peri-implant hyperplasia, are significant yet understudied. This study analyzed peri-implant hyperplastic tissue surrounding FFF, alongside peri-implantitis and foreign body granulation (FBG) tissues from patients treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Using light microscopy, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, anucleate and pyknotic prickle cells, and excessive collagen deposition were observed in FFF hyperplastic tissue. Ultrastructural analyses revealed abnormal structures, including hemidesmosome dilation, bacterial invasion, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) swelling. In immunohistochemical analysis, unfolded protein-response markers ATF6, PERK, XBP1, inflammatory marker NFκB, necroptosis marker MLKL, apoptosis marker GADD153, autophagy marker LC3, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis markers were expressed variably in hyperplastic tissue surrounding FFF implants, peri-implantitis, and FBG tissues. NFκB expression was higher in peri-implantitis and FBG tissues compared to hyperplastic tissue surrounding FFF implants. PERK expression exceeded XBP1 significantly in FFF hyperplastic tissue, while expression levels of PERK, XBP1, and ATF6 were not significantly different in peri-implantitis and FBG tissues. These findings provide valuable insights into the interconnected roles of ER stress, necroptosis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of oral pathologies, offering a foundation for innovative strategies in dental implant rehabilitation management and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezia Rachellea Mustakim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Mi Young Eo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Seo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Cheol Yang
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Keun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Hoon Myoung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Soung Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Oral and Maxillofacial Microvascular Reconstruction LAB, Brong Ahafo Regional Hospital, P.O.Box 27, Sunyani, Ghana.
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13
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Schönberger T, Jakobs M, Friedel AL, Hörbelt-Grünheidt T, Tebbe B, Witzke O, Schedlowski M, Fandrey J. Exposure to normobaric hypoxia shapes the acute inflammatory response in human whole blood cells in vivo. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02969-2. [PMID: 38714572 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
Cells of the immune defence, especially leukocytes, often have to perform their function in tissue areas that are characterized by oxygen deficiency, so-called hypoxia. Physiological hypoxia significantly affects leukocyte function and controls the innate and adaptive immune response mainly through transcriptional gene regulation via the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Multiple pathogens including components of bacteria, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) trigger the activation of leukocytes. HIF pathway activation enables immune cells to adapt to both hypoxic environments in physiological and inflammatory settings and modulates immune cell responses through metabolism changes and crosstalk with other immune-relevant signalling pathways. To study the mutual influence of both processes in vivo, we used a human endotoxemia model, challenging participants with an intravenous LPS injection post or prior to a 4-h stay in a hypoxic chamber with normobaric hypoxia of 10.5% oxygen. We analysed changes in gene expression in whole blood cells and determined inflammatory markers to unveil the crosstalk between both processes. Our investigations showed differentially altered gene expression patterns of HIF and target genes upon in vivo treatment with LPS and hypoxia. Further, we found evidence for effects of hypoxic priming upon inflammation in combination with immunomodulatory effects in whole blood cells in vivo. Our work elucidates the complex interplay of hypoxic and inflammatory HIF regulation in human immune cells and offers new perspectives for further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Schönberger
- Institute of Physiology, University Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Marie Jakobs
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Friedel
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Tina Hörbelt-Grünheidt
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Bastian Tebbe
- Institute of Physiology, University Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joachim Fandrey
- Institute of Physiology, University Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
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14
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Li T, Li RHW, Ng EHY, Yeung WSB, Chiu PCN, Chan RWS. Interleukin 6 at menstruation promotes the proliferation and self-renewal of endometrial mesenchymal stromal/stem cells through the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1378863. [PMID: 38765018 PMCID: PMC11099287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background At menstruation, the functional layer of the human endometrium sheds off due to the trigger of the release of inflammatory factors, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), as a result of a sharp decline in progesterone levels, leading to tissue breakdown and bleeding. The endometrial mesenchymal stem-like cells (CD140b+CD146+ eMSC) located in the basalis are responsible for the cyclical regeneration of the endometrium after menstruation. Endometrial cells from the menstruation phase have been proven to secrete a higher amount of IL-6 and further enhance the self-renewal and clonogenic activity of eMSC. However, the IL-6-responsive mechanism remains unknown. Thus, we hypothesized that IL-6 secreted from niche cells during menstruation regulates the proliferation and self-renewal of eMSC through the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods In this study, the content of IL-6 across the menstrual phases was first evaluated. Coexpression of stem cell markers (CD140b and CD146) with interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R) was confirmed by immunofluorescent staining. In vitro functional assays were conducted to investigate the effect of IL-6 on the cell activities of eMSC, and the therapeutic role of these IL-6- and WNT5A-pretreated eMSC on the repair of injured endometrium was observed using an established mouse model. Results The endometrial cells secrete a high amount of IL-6 under hypoxic conditions, which mimic the physiological microenvironment in the menstruation phase. Also, the expression of IL-6 receptors was confirmed in our eMSC, indicating their capacity to respond to IL-6 in the microenvironment. Exogenous IL-6 can significantly enhance the self-renewal, proliferation, and migrating capacity of eMSC. Activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway was observed upon IL-6 treatment, while suppression of the WNT/β-catenin signaling impaired the stimulatory role of IL-6 on eMSC activities. IL-6- and WNT5A-pretreated eMSC showed better performance during the regeneration of the injured mouse endometrium. Conclusion We demonstrate that the high level of IL-6 produced by endometrial cells at menstruation can induce the stem cells in the human endometrium to proliferate and migrate through the activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Treatment of eMSC with IL-6 and WNT5A might enhance their therapeutic potential in the regeneration of injured endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond H. W. Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ernest H. Y. Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - William S. B. Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Philip C. N. Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rachel W. S. Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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15
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León F, Pizarro EJ, Noll D, Pertierra LR, Gonzalez BA, Johnson WE, Marín JC, Vianna JA. History of Diversification and Adaptation from North to South Revealed by Genomic Data: Guanacos from the Desert to Sub-Antarctica. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae085. [PMID: 38761112 PMCID: PMC11102080 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The increased availability of quality genomic data has greatly improved the scope and resolution of our understanding of the recent evolutionary history of wild species adapted to extreme environments and their susceptibility to anthropogenic impacts. The guanaco (Lama guanicoe), the largest wild ungulate in South America, is a good example. The guanaco is well adapted to a wide range of habitats, including the Sechura Desert, the high Andes Mountains to the north, and the extreme temperatures and conditions of Navarino Island to the south. Guanacos also have a long history of overexploitation by humans. To assess the evolutionary impact of these challenging habitats on the genomic diversity, we analyzed 38 genomes (∼10 to 16×) throughout their extensive latitudinal distribution from the Sechura and Atacama Desert to southward into Tierra del Fuego Island. These included analyses of patterns of unique differentiation in the north and geographic region further south with admixture among L. g. cacsilensis and L. g. guanicoe. Our findings provide new insights on the divergence of the subspecies ∼800,000 yr BP and document two divergent demographic trajectories and to the initial expansion of guanaco into the more southern portions of the Atacama Desert. Patagonian guanacos have experienced contemporary reductions in effective population sizes, likely the consequence of anthropogenic impacts. The lowest levels of genetic diversity corresponded to their northern and western limits of distribution and some varying degrees of genetic differentiation. Adaptive genomic diversity was strongly linked with environmental variables and was linked with colonization toward the south followed by adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola León
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto para el Desarrollo Sustentable, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi), Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo J Pizarro
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto para el Desarrollo Sustentable, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi), Santiago, Chile
| | - Daly Noll
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto para el Desarrollo Sustentable, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi), Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis R Pertierra
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - Benito A Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Vida Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santigo, Chile
| | | | - Juan Carlos Marín
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bio-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Juliana A Vianna
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto para el Desarrollo Sustentable, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi), Santiago, Chile
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16
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Burtscher J, Pasha Q, Chanana N, Millet GP, Burtscher M, Strasser B. Immune consequences of exercise in hypoxia: A narrative review. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:297-310. [PMID: 37734549 PMCID: PMC11116970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Immune outcomes are key mediators of many health benefits of exercise and are determined by exercise type, dose (frequency/duration, intensity), and individual characteristics. Similarly, reduced availability of ambient oxygen (hypoxia) modulates immune functions depending on the hypoxic dose and the individual capacity to respond to hypoxia. How combined exercise and hypoxia (e.g., high-altitude training) sculpts immune responses is not well understood, although such combinations are becoming increasingly popular. Therefore, in this paper, we summarize the impact on immune responses of exercise and of hypoxia, both independently and together, with a focus on specialized cells in the innate and adaptive immune system. We review the regulation of the immune system by tissue oxygen levels and the overlapping and distinct immune responses related to exercise and hypoxia, then we discuss how they may be modulated by nutritional strategies. Mitochondrial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms underlie many of the adaptations that can lead to improved cellular metabolism, resilience, and overall immune functions by regulating the survival, differentiation, activation, and migration of immune cells. This review shows that exercise and hypoxia can impair or complement/synergize with each other while regulating immune system functions. Appropriate acclimatization, training, and nutritional strategies can be used to avoid risks and tap into the synergistic potentials of the poorly studied immune consequences of exercising in a hypoxic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Qadar Pasha
- Institute of Hypoxia Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Neha Chanana
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Barbara Strasser
- Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna 1020, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna 1100, Austria
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17
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Zeng Y, Cao W, Huang Y, Zhang H, Li C, He J, Liu Y, Gong H, Su Y. Huangqi Baihe Granules alleviate hypobaric hypoxia-induced acute lung injury in rats by suppressing oxidative stress and the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117765. [PMID: 38228230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huangqi Baihe Granules (HQBHG) are a modified formulation based on the traditional recipe "Huangqi Baihe porridge" and the Dunhuang medical prescription "Cistanche Cistanche Soup." The Herbal medicine moistens the lungs and tones the kidneys in addition to replenishing Qi and feeding Yin, making it an ideal choice for enhancing adaptability to high-altitude hypoxic environments. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to examine a potential molecular mechanism for the treatment and prevention of hypoxic acute lung injury (ALI) in rats using Huangqi Baihe Granules. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HCP-III laboratory animal low-pressure simulation chamber was utilized to simulate high-altitude environmental exposure and establish an ALI model in rats. The severity of lung damage was evaluated using a battery of tests that included spirometry, a wet/dry lung ratio, H&E staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Using immunofluorescence, the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung tissue was determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in lung tissue were determined using this kit. Serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and antiinflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Gene expression changes in lung tissue were identified using transcriptomics, and the relative expression of proteins and mRNA involved in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB p65)/Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway were determined using western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS HQBHG was shown to enhance lung function considerably, decrease the wet/dry ratio of the lungs, attenuate lung tissue damage, suppress ROS and MDA formation, and increase SOD activity and GSH expression. The research also demonstrated that HQBHG inhibited the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB p65/NLPR3 signaling pathway in lung tissue, reducing the release of downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS HQBHG exhibits potential therapeutic effects against ALI induced by altitude hypoxia through suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory response. This suggests it may be a novel drug for treating and preventing ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanding Zeng
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Wangjie Cao
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Congyi Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Jianzheng He
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Hongxia Gong
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Yun Su
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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18
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Nisar H, Sanchidrián González PM, Labonté FM, Schmitz C, Roggan MD, Kronenberg J, Konda B, Chevalier F, Hellweg CE. NF-κB in the Radiation Response of A549 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to X-rays and Carbon Ions under Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4495. [PMID: 38674080 PMCID: PMC11050661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular hypoxia, detectable in up to 80% of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) tumors, is a known cause of radioresistance. High linear energy transfer (LET) particle radiation might be effective in the treatment of hypoxic solid tumors, including NSCLC. Cellular hypoxia can activate nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which can modulate radioresistance by influencing cancer cell survival. The effect of high-LET radiation on NF-κB activation in hypoxic NSCLC cells is unclear. Therefore, we compared the effect of low (X-rays)- and high (12C)-LET radiation on NF-κB responsive genes' upregulation, as well as its target cytokines' synthesis in normoxic and hypoxic A549 NSCLC cells. The cells were incubated under normoxia (20% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2) for 48 h, followed by irradiation with 8 Gy X-rays or 12C ions, maintaining the oxygen conditions until fixation or lysis. Regulation of NF-κB responsive genes was evaluated by mRNA sequencing. Secretion of NF-κB target cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8, was quantified by ELISA. A greater fold change increase in expression of NF-κB target genes in A549 cells following exposure to 12C ions compared to X-rays was observed, regardless of oxygenation status. These genes regulate cell migration, cell cycle, and cell survival. A greater number of NF-κB target genes was activated under hypoxia, regardless of irradiation status. These genes regulate cell migration, survival, proliferation, and inflammation. X-ray exposure under hypoxia additionally upregulated NF-κB target genes modulating immunosurveillance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Increased IL-6 and IL-8 secretion under hypoxia confirmed NF-κB-mediated expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Therefore, radiotherapy, particularly with X-rays, may increase tumor invasiveness in surviving hypoxic A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Nisar
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Paulina Mercedes Sanchidrián González
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Frederik M. Labonté
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Claudia Schmitz
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Marie Denise Roggan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Kronenberg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
- Microgravity User Support Center (MUSC), German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bikash Konda
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
| | - François Chevalier
- UMR6252 CIMAP, CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN-University of Caen Normandy, 14000 Caen, France;
| | - Christine E. Hellweg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
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19
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Yang Q, Chen D, Li C, Liu R, Wang X. Mechanism of hypoxia-induced damage to the mechanical property in human erythrocytes-band 3 phosphorylation and sulfhydryl oxidation of membrane proteins. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1399154. [PMID: 38706947 PMCID: PMC11066195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1399154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The integrity of the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeletal network controls the morphology, specific surface area, material exchange, and state of erythrocytes in the blood circulation. The antioxidant properties of resveratrol have been reported, but studies on the effect of resveratrol on the hypoxia-induced mechanical properties of erythrocytes are rare. Methods: In this study, the effects of different concentrations of resveratrol on the protection of red blood cell mor-phology and changes in intracellular redox levels were examined to select an appropriate concentration for further study. The Young's modulus and surface roughness of the red blood cells and blood viscosity were measured via atomic force microsco-py and a blood rheometer, respectively. Flow cytometry, free hemoglobin levels, and membrane lipid peroxidation levels were used to characterize cell membrane damage in the presence and absence of resveratrol after hypoxia. The effects of oxida-tive stress on the erythrocyte membrane proteins band 3 and spectrin were further investigated by immunofluorescent label-ing and Western blotting. Results and discussion: Resveratrol changed the surface roughness and Young's modulus of the erythrocyte mem-brane, reduced the rate of eryptosis in erythrocytes after hypoxia, and stabilized the intracellular redox level. Further data showed that resveratrol protected the erythrocyte membrane proteins band 3 and spectrin. Moreover, resistance to band 3 pro-tein tyrosine phosphorylation and sulfhydryl oxidation can protect the stability of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton net-work, thereby protecting erythrocyte deformability under hypoxia. The results of the present study may provide new insights into the roles of resveratrol in the prevention of hypoxia and as an antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Li Q, Yang Z, Zhu M, Zhang W, Chen L, Chen H, Kang P. Hypobaric hypoxia aggravates osteoarthritis via the alteration of the oxygen environment and bone remodeling in the subchondral zone. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23594. [PMID: 38573451 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302368r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
A high prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) has been observed among individuals living at high altitudes, and hypobaric hypoxia (HH) can cause bone mass and strength deterioration. However, the effect of HH on OA remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of HH on OA and its potential mechanisms. A rat knee OA model was established by surgery, and the rats were bred in an HH chamber simulating a high-altitude environment. Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), histological analysis, and RNA sequencing were performed to evaluate the effects of HH on OA in vivo. A hypoxic co-culture model of osteoclasts and osteoblasts was also established to determine their effects on chondrogenesis in vitro. Cartilage degeneration significantly worsened in the HH-OA group compared to that in the normoxia-OA (N-OA) group, 4 weeks after surgery. Micro-CT analysis revealed more deteriorated bone mass in the HH-OA group than in the N-OA group. Decreased hypoxia levels in the cartilage and enhanced hypoxia levels in the subchondral bone were observed in the HH-OA group. Furthermore, chondrocytes cultured in a conditioned medium from the hypoxic co-culture model showed decreased anabolism and extracellular matrix compared to those in the normoxic model. RNA sequencing analysis of the subchondral bone indicated that the glycolytic signaling pathway was highly activated in the HH-OA group. HH-related OA progression was associated with alterations in the oxygen environment and bone remodeling in the subchondral zone, which provided new insights into the pathogenesis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhouyuan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengli Zhu
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyile Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongying Chen
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengde Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Ling SF, Yap CF, Nair N, Bluett J, Morgan AW, Isaacs JD, Wilson AG, Hyrich KL, Barton A, Plant D. A proteomics study of rheumatoid arthritis patients on etanercept identifies putative biomarkers associated with clinical outcome measures. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:1015-1021. [PMID: 37389432 PMCID: PMC10986807 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) are widely used in patients with RA, but response to bDMARDs is heterogeneous. The objective of this work was to identify pretreatment proteomic biomarkers associated with RA clinical outcome measures in patients starting bDMARDs. METHODS Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) was used to generate spectral maps of sera from patients with RA before and after 3 months of treatment with the bDMARD etanercept. Protein levels were regressed against RA clinical outcome measures, i.e. 28-joint DAS (DAS28) and its subcomponents and DAS28 <2.6 (i.e. remission). The proteins with the strongest evidence for association were analysed in an independent, replication dataset. Finally, subnetwork analysis was carried out using the Disease Module Detection algorithm and biological plausibility of identified proteins was assessed by enrichment analysis. RESULTS A total of 180 patients with RA were included in the discovery dataset and 58 in the validation dataset from a UK-based prospective multicentre study. Ten individual proteins were found to be significantly associated with RA clinical outcome measures. The association of T-complex protein 1 subunit η with DAS28 remission was replicated in an independent cohort. Subnetwork analysis of the 10 proteins from the regression analysis identified the ontological theme, with the strongest associations being with acute phase and acute inflammatory responses. CONCLUSION This longitudinal study of 180 patients with RA commencing etanercept has identified several putative protein biomarkers of treatment response to this drug, one of which was replicated in an independent cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie F Ling
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Chuan Fu Yap
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nisha Nair
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - James Bluett
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ann W Morgan
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- NIHR In Vitro Diagnostic Co-operative, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - John D Isaacs
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony G Wilson
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kimme L Hyrich
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anne Barton
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Darren Plant
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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22
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Patrician A, Anholm JD, Ainslie PN. A narrative review of periodic breathing during sleep at high altitude: From acclimatizing lowlanders to adapted highlanders. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38534039 DOI: 10.1113/jp285427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodic breathing during sleep at high altitude is almost universal among sojourners. Here, in the context of acclimatization and adaptation, we provide a contemporary review on periodic breathing at high altitude, and explore whether this is an adaptive or maladaptive process. The mechanism(s), prevalence and role of periodic breathing in acclimatized lowlanders at high altitude are contrasted with the available data from adapted indigenous populations (e.g. Andean and Tibetan highlanders). It is concluded that (1) periodic breathing persists with acclimatization in lowlanders and the severity is proportional to sleeping altitude; (2) periodic breathing does not seem to coalesce with poor sleep quality such that, with acclimatization, there appears to be a lengthening of cycle length and minimal impact on the average sleeping oxygen saturation; and (3) high altitude adapted highlanders appear to demonstrate a blunting of periodic breathing, compared to lowlanders, comprising a feature that withstands the negative influences of chronic mountain sickness. These observations indicate that periodic breathing persists with high altitude acclimatization with no obvious negative consequences; however, periodic breathing is attenuated with high altitude adaptation and therefore potentially reflects an adaptive trait to this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Patrician
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - James D Anholm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Ndzie Noah ML, Mprah R, Wowui PI, Adekunle AO, Adu-Amankwaah J, Tan R, Gong Z, Li T, Fu L, Machuki JO, Zhang S, Sun H. CD73/adenosine axis exerts cardioprotection against hypobaric hypoxia-induced metabolic shift and myocarditis in a sex-dependent manner. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:166. [PMID: 38454449 PMCID: PMC10918954 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and experimental studies have shown that the myocardial inflammatory response during pathological events varies between males and females. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these sex differences remain elusive. CD73/adenosine axis has been linked to anti-inflammatory responses, but its sex-specific cardioprotective role is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate whether the CD73/adenosine axis elicits sex-dependent cardioprotection during metabolic changes and myocarditis induced by hypobaric hypoxia. METHODS For 7 days, male and female mice received daily injections of the CD73 inhibitor adenosine 5'- (α, β-methylene) diphosphate (APCP) 10 mg/kg/day while they were kept under normobaric normoxic and hypobaric hypoxic conditions. We evaluated the effects of hypobaric hypoxia on the CD73/adenosine axis, myocardial hypertrophy, and cardiac electrical activity and function. In addition, metabolic homeostasis and immunoregulation were investigated to clarify the sex-dependent cardioprotection of the CD73/adenosine axis. RESULTS Hypobaric hypoxia-induced cardiac dysfunction and adverse remodeling were more pronounced in male mice. Also, male mice had hyperactivity of the CD73/adenosine axis, which aggravated myocarditis and metabolic shift compared to female mice. In addition, CD73 inhibition triggered prostatic acid phosphatase ectonucleotidase enzymatic activity to sustain adenosine overproduction in male mice but not in female mice. Moreover, dual inhibition prostatic acid phosphatase and CD73 enzymatic activities in male mice moderated adenosine content, alleviating glycolytic shift and proinflammatory response. CONCLUSION The CD73/adenosine axis confers a sex-dependent cardioprotection. In addition, extracellular adenosine production in the hearts of male mice is influenced by prostatic acid phosphatase and tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Louise Ndzie Noah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Richard Mprah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Prosperl Ivette Wowui
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | | | - Joseph Adu-Amankwaah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Rubin Tan
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Lu Fu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | | | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China.
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Dzhalilova DS, Silina MV, Kosyreva AM, Tsvetkov IS, Makarova OV. Comparative Molecular and Biological Characteristic of the Systemic Inflammatory Response in Adult and Old Male Wistar Rats with Different Resistance to Hypoxia. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 176:680-686. [PMID: 38733478 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Morphological, molecular, and biological features of the systemic inflammatory response induced by LPS administration were assessed in adult and old male Wistar rats with high and low resistance to hypoxia. In 6 h after LPS administration, mRNA expression levels of Hif1a, Vegf, Nfkb, and level of IL-1β protein in old rats were higher than in adult rats regardless of hypoxia tolerance. The morphometric study showed that the number of neutrophils in the interalveolar septa of the lungs was significantly higher in low-resistant adult and old rats 6 h after LPS administration. Thus, in old male Wistar rats, systemic inflammatory response is more pronounced than in adult rats and depends on the initial tolerance to hypoxia, which should be considered when developing new approaches to the therapy of systemic inflammatory response in individuals of different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sh Dzhalilova
- A. P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, A. P. Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia.
| | - M V Silina
- A. P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, A. P. Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Kosyreva
- A. P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, A. P. Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - I S Tsvetkov
- A. P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, A. P. Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Makarova
- A. P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, A. P. Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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25
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Wang Y, Zhang Q, Ma Q, Wang Q, Huang D, Ji X. Intermittent hypoxia preconditioning can attenuate acute hypoxic injury after a sustained normobaric hypoxic exposure: A randomized clinical trial. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14662. [PMID: 38477221 PMCID: PMC10934266 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is emerging as a cost-effective nonpharmacological method for vital organ protection. We aimed to assess the effects of a short-term moderate intermittent hypoxia preconditioning protocol (four cycles of 13% hypoxia lasting for 10 min with 5-min normoxia intervals) on acute hypoxic injury induced by sustained hypoxic exposure (oxygen concentration of 11.8% for 6 h). METHODS One hundred healthy volunteers were recruited and randomized to the IH group and the control group to receive IH or sham-IH preconditioning for 5 days, respectively, and then were sent to a hypoxic chamber for simulated acute high-altitude exposure (4500 m). RESULTS The overall incidence of acute mountain sickness was 27% (27/100), with 14% (7/50) in the IH group and 40% (20/50) in the control group (p = 0.003). After 6-h simulated high-altitude exposure, the mean Lake Louise Score was lower in the IH group as compared to controls (1.30 ± 1.27 vs. 2.04 ± 1.89, p = 0.024). Mean peripheral oxygen saturations (SpO2 ) and intracranial pressure (ICP) measures after acute hypoxic exposure exhibited significant differences, with the IH group showing significantly greater SpO2 values (85.47 ± 5.14 vs. 83.10 ± 5.15%, p = 0.026) and lower ICP levels than the control group (115.59 ± 32.15 vs. 130.36 ± 33.83 mmH2 O, p = 0.028). IH preconditioning also showed greater effects on serum protein gene product 9.5 (3.89 vs. 29.16 pg/mL; p = 0.048) and C-reactive protein (-0.28 vs. 0.41 mg/L; p = 0.023). CONCLUSION The short-term moderate IH improved the tolerance to hypoxia and exerted protection against acute hypoxic injury induced by exposure to sustained normobaric hypoxia, which provided a novel method and randomized controlled trial evidence to develop treatments for hypoxia-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qihan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qingfeng Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dan Huang
- Development Coordination OfficeBeijing Xiaotangshan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Rahane D, Dhingra T, Chalavady G, Datta A, Ghosh B, Rana N, Borah A, Saraf S, Bhattacharya P. Hypoxia and its effect on the cellular system. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3940. [PMID: 38379257 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells utilize oxygen for different functions of cell organelles owing to cellular survival. A balanced oxygen homeostasis is an essential requirement to maintain the regulation of normal cellular systems. Any changes in the oxygen level are stressful and can alter the expression of different homeostasis regulatory genes and proteins. Lack of oxygen or hypoxia results in oxidative stress and formation of hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Substantial cellular damages due to hypoxia have been reported to play a major role in various pathological conditions. There are different studies which demonstrated that the functions of cellular system are disrupted by hypoxia. Currently, study on cellular effects following hypoxia is an important field of research as it not only helps to decipher different signaling pathway modulation, but also helps to explore novel therapeutic strategies. On the basis of the beneficial effect of hypoxia preconditioning of cellular organelles, many therapeutic investigations are ongoing as a promising disease management strategy in near future. Hence, the present review discusses about the effects of hypoxia on different cellular organelles, mechanisms and their involvement in the progression of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipali Rahane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Tannu Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Guruswami Chalavady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Aishika Datta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Bijoyani Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Nikita Rana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Pattnaik S, Murmu S, Prasad Rath B, Singh MK, Kumar S, Mohanty C. In silico screening of phytoconstituents as potential anti-inflammatory agents targeting NF-κB p65: an approach to promote burn wound healing. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-29. [PMID: 38287503 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2306199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Chronic burn wounds are frequently characterised by a prolonged and dysregulated inflammatory phase that is mediated by over-activation of NF-κB p65. Synthetic wound healing drugs used for treatment of inflammation are primarily associated with several shortcomings which reduce their therapeutic index. In this scenario, phytoconstituents that exhibit multifaceted biological activities including anti-inflammatory effects have emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative. However, identification and isolation of phytoconstituents from medicinal herbs is a cumbersome method that is linked to profound uncertainty. Hence, present study aimed to identify prospective phytoconstituents as inhibitors of RHD of NF-κB p65 by utilizing in silico approach. Virtual screening of 2821 phytoconstituents was performed against protein model. Out of 2821 phytoconstituents, 162 phytoconstituents displayed a higher binding affinity (≤ -8.0 kcal/mol). These 162 phytoconstituents were subjected to ADMET predictions, and 15 of them were found to satisfy Lipinski's rule of five and showed favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Among these 15 phytoconstituents, 5 phytoconstituents with high docking scores i.e. silibinin, bismurrayaquinone A, withafastuosin B, yuccagenin, (+)-catechin 3-gallate were selected for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis. Results of MD simulation indicated that withafastuosin B, (+)-catechin 3-gallate and yuccagenin produced a compact and stable complex with protein without significant variations in conformation. Relative binding energy analysis of best hit molecules indicate that withafastuosin B, and (+)-catechin 3-gallate exhibit high binding affinity with target protein among other lead molecules. Findings of study suggest that these phytoconstituents could serve as promising anti-inflammatory agents for treatment of burn wounds by inhibiting the RHD of NF-κB p65.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswati Pattnaik
- School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sneha Murmu
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi, India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Rath
- School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mahender Kumar Singh
- Data Science Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandana Mohanty
- School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Choudhary R, Kumari S, Ali M, Thinlas T, Rabyang S, Mishra A. Respiratory tract infection: an unfamiliar risk factor in high-altitude pulmonary edema. Brief Funct Genomics 2024; 23:38-45. [PMID: 36528814 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The dramatic changes in physiology at high altitude (HA) as a result of the characteristic hypobaric hypoxia condition can modify innate and adaptive defense mechanisms of the body. As a consequence, few sojourners visiting HA with mild or asymptomatic infection may have an enhanced susceptibility to high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), an acute but severe altitude sickness. It develops upon rapid ascent to altitudes above 2500 m, in otherwise healthy individuals. Though HAPE has been studied extensively, an elaborate exploration of the HA disease burden and the potential risk factors associated with its manifestation are poorly described. The present review discusses respiratory tract infection (RTI) as an unfamiliar but important risk factor in enhancing HAPE susceptibility in sojourners for two primary reasons. First, the symptoms of RTI s resemble those of HAPE. Secondly, the imbalanced pathways contributing to vascular dysfunction in HAPE also participate in the pathogenesis of the infectious processes. These pathways have a crucial role in shaping host response against viral and bacterial infections and may further worsen the clinical outcomes at HA. Respiratory tract pathogenic agents, if screened in HAPE patients, can help in ascertaining their role in disease risk and also point toward their association with the disease severity. The microbial screenings and identifications of pathogens with diseases are the foundation for describing potential molecular mechanisms underlying host response to the microbial challenge. The prior knowledge of such infections may predict the manifestation of disease etiology and provide better therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raushni Choudhary
- Cardio Respiratory Disease Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Swati Kumari
- Cardio Respiratory Disease Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manzoor Ali
- Cardio Respiratory Disease Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Tashi Thinlas
- Department of Medicine, Sonam Norboo Memorial Hospital, Leh 194101, India
| | - Stanzen Rabyang
- Department of Medicine, Sonam Norboo Memorial Hospital, Leh 194101, India
| | - Aastha Mishra
- Cardio Respiratory Disease Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Shahid H, Morya VK, Oh JU, Kim JH, Noh KC. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and Oxidative Stress in Tendon Degeneration: A Molecular Perspective. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:86. [PMID: 38247510 PMCID: PMC10812560 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a debilitating condition marked by degenerative changes in the tendons. Its complex pathophysiology involves intrinsic, extrinsic, and physiological factors. While its intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been extensively studied, the role of physiological factors, such as hypoxia and oxidative stress, remains largely unexplored. This review article delves into the contribution of hypoxia-associated genes and oxidative-stress-related factors to tendon degeneration, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies. The unique aspect of this study lies in its pathway-based evidence, which sheds light on how these factors can be targeted to enhance overall tendon health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Shahid
- Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Hwaseong-si 18450, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
- School of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon City 24252, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Kumar Morya
- Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Hwaseong-si 18450, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
| | - Ji-Ung Oh
- Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Hwaseong-si 18450, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jae-Hyung Kim
- Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Hwaseong-si 18450, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
| | - Kyu-Cheol Noh
- Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Hwaseong-si 18450, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
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Sivagurunathan N, Calivarathan L. SARS-CoV-2 Infection to Premature Neuronal Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Is there any Connection with Hypoxia? CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:431-448. [PMID: 37073650 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230418114446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global concern as it leads to a spectrum of mild to severe symptoms and increases death tolls around the world. Severe COVID-19 results in acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypoxia, and multi- organ dysfunction. However, the long-term effects of post-COVID-19 infection are still unknown. Based on the emerging evidence, there is a high possibility that COVID-19 infection accelerates premature neuronal aging and increases the risk of age-related neurodegenerative diseases in mild to severely infected patients during the post-COVID period. Several studies correlate COVID-19 infection with neuronal effects, though the mechanism through which they contribute to the aggravation of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration is still under investigation. SARS-CoV-2 predominantly targets pulmonary tissues and interferes with gas exchange, leading to systemic hypoxia. The neurons in the brain require a constant supply of oxygen for their proper functioning, suggesting that they are more vulnerable to any alteration in oxygen saturation level that results in neuronal injury with or without neuroinflammation. We hypothesize that hypoxia is one of the major clinical manifestations of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection; it directly or indirectly contributes to premature neuronal aging, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration by altering the expression of various genes responsible for the survival of the cells. This review focuses on the interplay between COVID-19 infection, hypoxia, premature neuronal aging, and neurodegenerative diseases and provides a novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmadhaa Sivagurunathan
- Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur - 610005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Latchoumycandane Calivarathan
- Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur - 610005, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wang X, Sun H, Wang X, Lan J, Guo Y, Liu W, Cui L, Ji X. More severe initial manifestations and worse short-term functional outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage in the plateau than in the plain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:94-104. [PMID: 37708253 PMCID: PMC10905638 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231201088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most devastating forms of stroke. However, studies on ICH at high altitude are insufficient. We aimed to compare the initial manifestations, imaging features and short-term functional outcomes of ICH at different altitudes, and further explore the effect of altitude on the severity and prognosis of ICH. We retrospectively recruited ICH patients from January 2018 to July 2021 from two centers at different altitudes in China. Information regarding to clinical manifestations, neuroimages, and functional outcomes at discharge were collected and analyzed. Association between altitude and initial severity, neuroimages, and short-term prognosis of ICH were also investigated. A total of 724 patients with 400 lowlanders and 324 highlanders were enrolled. Compared with patients from the plain, those at high altitude were characterized by more severe preliminary manifestations (P < 0.0001), larger hematoma volume (P < 0.001) and poorer short-term functional outcome (P < 0.0001). High altitude was independently associated with dependency at discharge (adjusted P = 0.024), in-hospital mortality (adjusted P = 0.049) and gastrointestinal hemorrhage incidence (adjusted P = 0.017). ICH patients from high altitude suffered from more serious initial manifestations and worse short-term functional outcome than lowlanders. Control of blood pressure, oxygen supplementation and inhibition of inflammation may be critical for ICH at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haochen Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Lan
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Neurology, Yushu People’s Hospital, Yushu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yang X, Dong X, Li J, Zheng A, Shi W, Shen C, Liu J. Nanocurcumin attenuates pyroptosis and inflammation through inhibiting NF-κB/GSDMD signal in high altitude-associated acute liver injury. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23606. [PMID: 38050447 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to a hypobaric hypoxic environment at high altitudes can lead to liver injury, and mounting evidence indicates that pyroptosis and inflammation play important roles in liver injury. Curcumin (Cur) can inhibit pyroptosis and inflammation. Therefore, our purpose here was to clarify the mechanism underlying the protective effect of nanocurcumin (Ncur) and Cur in a rat model of high altitude-associated acute liver injury. Eighty healthy rats were selected and exposed to different altitudes (6000 or 7000 m) for 0, 24, 48, or 72 h. Fifty normal healthy rats were divided into normal control, high-altitude control, salidroside (40 mg/kg [Sal-40]), Cur (200 mg/kg [Cur-200]), and Ncur (25 mg/kg [Ncur-25]) groups and exposed to a high-altitude hypobaric hypoxic environment (48 h, 7000 m). Serum-liver enzyme activities (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase were detected and histopathology of liver injury was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and inflammatory factors were detected in liver tissues by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Pyroptosis-associated proteins (gasdermin D, gasdermin D N-terminal [GSDMD-N], pro-Caspase-1, and cleaved-Caspase-1 [cleaved-Casp1]) and inflammation-associated proteins (nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB], phospho-NF-κB [P-NF-κB], and high-mobility group protein B1 [HMGB1]) levels were analyzed by immunoblotting. Ncur and Cur inhibited increased serum-liver enzyme activities, alleviated liver injury in rats caused by high-altitude hypobaric hypoxic exposure, and downregulated inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-18, in rat liver tissues. The level of P-NF-κB, GSDMD-N, cleaved-Casp1, and HMGB1 in rat liver tissues increased significantly after high-altitude exposure. Ncur and Cur downregulated P-NF-κB, GSDMD-N, cleaved-Casp-1, and HMGB1. Ncur and Cur may inhibit inflammatory responses and pyroptosis in a rat model of high altitude-associated acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Medicine of Xinjiang, General Hospital of Xinjang Military Command, Urumqi, China
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiang Dong
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Shi
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Caifu Shen
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiangwei Liu
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Teh HX, Phang SJ, Looi ML, Kuppusamy UR, Arumugam B. Molecular pathways of NF-ĸB and NLRP3 inflammasome as potential targets in the treatment of inflammation in diabetic wounds: A review. Life Sci 2023; 334:122228. [PMID: 37922981 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are slow healing wounds characterized by disordered healing processes and frequently take longer than three months to heal. One of the defining characteristics of impaired diabetic wound healing is an abnormal and unresolved inflammatory response, which is primarily brought on by abnormal macrophage innate immune signaling activation. The persistent inflammatory state in a diabetic wound may be attributed to inflammatory pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB) and nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which have long been associated with inflammatory diseases. Despite the available treatments for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) that include debridement, growth factor therapy, and topical anti-bacterial agents, successful wound healing is still hampered. Further understanding of the molecular mechanism of these pathways could be useful in designing potential therapeutic targets for diabetic wound healing. This review provides an update and novel insights into the roles of NF-ĸB and NLRP3 pathways in the molecular mechanism of diabetic wound inflammation and their potential as therapeutic targets in diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey Xhin Teh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shou Jin Phang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mee Lee Looi
- Centre for Future Learning, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Umah Rani Kuppusamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bavani Arumugam
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Nirmal G, Liao CC, Lin ZC, Alshetaili A, Hwang E, Yang SC, Fang JY. Topically applied pH-responsive nanogels for alkyl radical-based therapy against psoriasiform hyperplasia. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2245169. [PMID: 37585684 PMCID: PMC10416745 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2245169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phototherapy is a conventional antipsoriatic approach based on oxygen-relevant generation of oxidative stress to inhibit keratinocyte hyperproliferation. However, this therapy can be restricted due to local hypoxia in psoriatic lesions. The generation of alkyl radicals is oxygen-independent and suppresses hyperproliferation. Herein, we established alkyl radical-based therapy to treat psoriatic hyperplasia. Because alkyl radicals are short-lived compounds, we loaded 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride (AIPH) as a precursor of alkyl radicals into the chitosan nanogels to improve stability. The present study presented a topically applied nanogel that led to a pH-responsive network sensitive to skin pH. This pH responsiveness of the nanogels allowed fast alkyl radical release in the target site. The physicochemical properties of the prepared nanogels were determined through size, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy, and absorption spectroscopy. The antipsoriatic activity was examined with keratinocyte- and animal-based studies. The nanogels displayed a smooth and spherical morphology with a hydrodynamic diameter of 215 nm. This size was largely increased as the environmental pH increased to 6. The nanogels heated at 44 °C produced alkyl radicals to induce keratinocyte death through the necrosis pathway. Bioimaging demonstrated that topically applied nanogels could deliver alkyl radicals into the epidermis. This targeting was accompanied by the accumulation of free radicals in the epidermis according to the 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay. The imiquimod-stimulated psoriasiform animal model indicated a remarkable reduction in erythema, scaling, and overexpressed cytokines upon topical treatment of the nanogels. The transepidermal water loss of the psoriasiform skin was inhibited from 51.7 to 27.0 g/m2/h, suggesting barrier function recovery by the nanocarriers. The nanogels lowered hyperplasia by decreasing the epidermal thickness from 212 to 89 μm. The incorporation of 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (HPTS) as a pH-sensitive fluorescence dye in the nanogels could be used to diagnose the severity of the psoriasiform plaque due to the stronger fluorescence of HPTS in skin with lower pH (psoriasiform skin pH = 4.4) than in healthy skin (pH = 4.9). It was possible to deliver the prepared nanogels into the epidermis to restrain hyperplasia without causing cutaneous irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.R. Nirmal
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chih Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Chan Lin
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi, Taiwan
| | - Abdullah Alshetaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erica Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shih-Chun Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taiwan
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Kumar R, Chanana N, Sharma K, Palmo T, Lee M, Mishra A, Nolan K, Fonseca Balladares DC, Mickael C, Gupta M, Thinlas T, Pasha Q, Graham B. Dexamethasone prophylaxis protects from acute high-altitude illness by modifying the peripheral blood mononuclear cell inflammatory transcriptome. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20231561. [PMID: 37975243 PMCID: PMC10695741 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute high-altitude (HA) exposure can induce several pathologies. Dexamethasone (DEX) can be taken prophylactically to prevent HA disease, but the mechanism by which it acts in this setting is unclear. We studied the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 16 subjects at low altitude (LA, 225 m) and then 3 days after acute travel to HA (3500 m) during the India-Leh-Dexamethasone-Expedition-2020 (INDEX2020). Half of the participants received oral DEX prophylaxis 4 mg twice daily in an unblinded manner, starting 1 day prior to travel to HA, and 12 h prior to the first PBMC collection. PBMC transcriptome data were obtained from 16 subjects, half of whom received DEX. The principal component analysis demonstrated a clear separation of the groups by altitude and treatment. HA exposure resulted in a large number of gene expression changes, particularly in pathways of inflammation or the regulation of cell division, translation, or transcription. DEX prophylaxis resulted in changes in fewer genes, particularly in immune pathways. The gene sets modulated by HA and DEX were distinct. Deconvolution analysis to assess PBMC subpopulations suggested changes in B-cell, T-cell, dendritic cell, and myeloid cell numbers with HA and DEX exposures. Acute HA travel and DEX prophylaxis induce significant changes in the PBMC transcriptome. The observed benefit of DEX prophylaxis against HA disease may be mediated by suppression of inflammatory pathways and changing leukocyte population distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - Neha Chanana
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Tsering Palmo
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Michael H. Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - Aastha Mishra
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Kevin Nolan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - Dara C. Fonseca Balladares
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - Claudia Mickael
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO, U.S.A
| | - Mohit D. Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Tashi Thinlas
- Department of Medicine, Sonam Norboo Memorial Hospital, Leh, Ladakh, India
| | - Qadar Pasha
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Institute of Hypoxia Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Brian B. Graham
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
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Pan C, Zhang Y, Yan J, Zhou Y, Wang S, Liu X, Zhang P, Yang H. Extreme environments and human health: From the immune microenvironments to immune cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116800. [PMID: 37527745 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to extreme environments causes specific acute and chronic physiological responses in humans. The adaptation and the physiological processes under extreme environments predominantly affect multiple functional systems of the organism, in particular, the immune system. Dysfunction of the immune system affected by several extreme environments (including hyperbaric environment, hypoxia, blast shock, microgravity, hypergravity, radiation exposure, and magnetic environment) has been observed from clinical macroscopic symptoms to intracorporal immune microenvironments. Therefore, simulated extreme conditions are engineered for verifying the main influenced characteristics and factors in the immune microenvironments. This review summarizes the responses of immune microenvironments to these extreme environments during in vivo or in vitro exposure, and the approaches of engineering simulated extreme environments in recent decades. The related microenvironment engineering, signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms, clinical therapy, and prevention strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, China; Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Yuzhi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, China; Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Jinxiao Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, China; Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Yidan Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, China; Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Sijie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, China; Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xiru Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, China; Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, 710021, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, China; Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
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Chen H, Chen C, Qin Y, Wang L, Zheng J, Gao F. Protective effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate counteracting the chronic hypobaric hypoxia-induced myocardial injury in plain-grown rats at high altitude. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:921-933. [PMID: 37875765 PMCID: PMC10746658 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) environment causes stress to the body, especially the oxygen-consuming organs. Chronic HH conditions have adverse effects on the myocardium. Thus, we conducted this experiment and aim to evaluate such adverse effects and explore the therapeutic role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in rats' heart under chronic HH conditions. For that purpose, we transported rats from plain to a real HH environment at high altitude for establishing the HH model. At high altitude, animals were treated with EGCG while the salidroside was used as the positive control. General physiological data were collected, and routine blood test results were analyzed. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was examined to assess the structural and functional changes of the heart. Serum levels of cardiac enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined. Oxidative markers in the left ventricle (LV) were detected. Additionally, ultrastructural and histopathological changes and apoptosis of the LV were assessed. Furthermore, the antioxidant stress-relevant proteins nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were detected. The experiment revealed that EGCG treatment decreased HH-induced elevation of cardiac enzymes and relieved mitochondrial damage of the LV. Notably, EGCG treatment significantly alleviated oxidative stress in the LV and inflammatory response in the blood. Western blot confirmed that EGCG significantly upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1. Therefore, EGCG may be considered a promising natural compound for treating the HH-induced myocardial injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuhui Qin
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fabao Gao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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38
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Zhao S, Jia N, Shen Z, Pei C, Huang D, Liu J, Wang Y, Shi S, Wang X, Wang M, He Y, Wang Z. Pretreatment with Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates high-altitude hypoxia-induced cardiac injury via activation of the ERK1/2-P90RSK-Bad signaling pathway in rats. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4522-4539. [PMID: 37313866 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-altitude cardiac injury (HACI) is one of the common tissue injuries caused by high-altitude hypoxia that may be life threatening. Notoginsenoside R1 (NG-R1), a major saponin of Panax notoginseng, exerts anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis effects, protecting the myocardium from hypoxic injury. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and molecular mechanism of NG-R1 against HACI. We simulated a 6000 m environment for 48 h in a hypobaric chamber to create a HACI rat model. Rats were pretreated with NG-R1 (50, 100 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (4 mg/kg) for 3 days and then placed in the chamber for 48 h. The effect of NG-R1 was evaluated by changes in Electrocardiogram parameters, histopathology, cardiac biomarkers, oxidative stress and inflammatory indicators, key protein expression, and immunofluorescence. U0126 was used to verify whether the anti-apoptotic effect of NG-R1 was related to the activation of ERK pathway. Pretreatment with NG-R1 can improve abnormal cardiac electrical conduction and alleviate high-altitude-induced tachycardia. Similar to dexamethasone, NG-R1 can improve pathological damage, reduce the levels of cardiac injury biomarkers, oxidative stress, and inflammatory indicators, and down-regulate the expression of hypoxia-related proteins HIF-1α and VEGF. In addition, NG-R1 reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by down-regulating the expression of apoptotic proteins Bax, cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 9, and cleaved PARP1 and up-regulating the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 through activating the ERK1/2-P90RSK-Bad pathway. In conclusion, NG-R1 prevented HACI and suppressed apoptosis via activation of the ERK1/2-P90RSK-Bad pathway, indicating that NG-R1 has therapeutic potential to treat HACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Jia
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zherui Shen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Caixia Pei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Demei Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilan Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shihua Shi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yacong He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Brewster LM, Bain AR, Garcia VP, DeSouza NM, Tymko MM, Greiner JJ, Ainslie PN. Global REACH 2018: High Altitude-Related Circulating Extracellular Microvesicles Promote a Proinflammatory Endothelial Phenotype In Vitro. High Alt Med Biol 2023; 24:223-229. [PMID: 37504958 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brewster, L. Madden, Anthony R. Bain, Vinicius P. Garcia, Noah M. DeSouza, Michael M. Tymko, Jared J. Greiner, and Philip N. Ainslie. Global REACH 2018: high altitude-related circulating extracellular microvesicles promote a proinflammatory endothelial phenotype in vitro. High Alt Med Biol. 24:223-229, 2023. Introduction: Ascent to high altitude (HA) can induce vascular dysfunction by promoting a proinflammatory endothelial phenotype. Circulating microvesicles (MVs) can mediate the vascular endothelium and inflammation. It is unclear whether HA-related MVs are associated with endothelial inflammation. Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that MVs derived from ascent to HA induce a proinflammatory endothelial phenotype. Methods: Ten healthy adults (8 M/2 F; age: 28 ± 2 years) residing at sea level (SL) were studied before and 4-6 days after rapid ascent to HA (4,300 m). MVs were isolated and enumerated from plasma by centrifugation and flow cytometry. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with MVs collected from each subject at SL (MV-SL) and at HA (MV-HA). Results: Circulating MV number significantly increased at HA (26,637 ± 3,315 vs. 19,388 ± 1,699). Although intracellular expression of total nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB; 83.4 ± 6.7 arbitrary units [AU] vs. 90.2 ± 6.9 AU) was not affected, MV-HA resulted in ∼55% higher (p < 0.05) active NF-κB (129.6 ± 19.8 AU vs. 90.7 ± 10.5 AU) expression compared with MV-SL. In addition, MV-HA induced higher interleukin (IL)-6 (63.9 ± 3.9 pg/ml vs. 53.3 ± 3.6 pg/ml) and IL-8 (140.2 ± 3.6 pg/ml vs. 120.7 ± 3.8 pg/ml) release compared with MV-SL, which was blunted with NF-κB blockade. Conclusions: Circulating extracellular MVs increase at HA and induce endothelial inflammation, potentially contributing to altitude-related vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Madden Brewster
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anthony R Bain
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vinicius P Garcia
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Noah M DeSouza
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael M Tymko
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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Akinsulie OC, Shahzad S, Ogunleye SC, Oladapo IP, Joshi M, Ugwu CE, Gbadegoye JO, Hassan FO, Adeleke R, Afolabi Akande Q, Adesola RO. Crosstalk between hypoxic cellular micro-environment and the immune system: a potential therapeutic target for infectious diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224102. [PMID: 37600803 PMCID: PMC10434535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There are overwhelming reports on the promotional effect of hypoxia on the malignant behavior of various forms of cancer cells. This has been proposed and tested exhaustively in the light of cancer immunotherapy. However, there could be more interesting functions of a hypoxic cellular micro-environment than malignancy. There is a highly intricate crosstalk between hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), a transcriptional factor produced during hypoxia, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) which has been well characterized in various immune cell types. This important crosstalk shares common activating and inhibitory stimuli, regulators, and molecular targets. Impaired hydroxylase activity contributes to the activation of HIFs. Inflammatory ligands activate NF-κB activity, which leads to the expression of inflammatory and anti-apoptotic genes. The eventual sequelae of the interaction between these two molecular players in immune cells, either bolstering or abrogating functions, is largely cell-type dependent. Importantly, this holds promise for interesting therapeutic interventions against several infectious diseases, as some HIF agonists have helped prevent immune-related diseases. Hypoxia and inflammation are common features of infectious diseases. Here, we highlighted the role of this crosstalk in the light of functional immunity against infection and inflammation, with special focus on various innate and adaptive immune cells. Particularly, we discussed the bidirectional effects of this crosstalk in the regulation of immune responses by monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, B cells, and T cells. We believe an advanced understanding of the interplay between HIFs and NF-kB could reveal novel therapeutic targets for various infectious diseases with limited treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Chris Akinsulie
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Sammuel Shahzad
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Seto Charles Ogunleye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Ifeoluwa Peace Oladapo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Melina Joshi
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Charles Egede Ugwu
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Joy Olaoluwa Gbadegoye
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Richard Adeleke
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Qudus Afolabi Akande
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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41
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Saleeb-Mousa J, Nathanael D, Coney AM, Kalla M, Brain KL, Holmes AP. Mechanisms of Atrial Fibrillation in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea. Cells 2023; 12:1661. [PMID: 37371131 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a strong independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). Emerging clinical data cite adverse effects of OSA on AF induction, maintenance, disease severity, and responsiveness to treatment. Prevention using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is effective in some groups but is limited by its poor compliance. Thus, an improved understanding of the underlying arrhythmogenic mechanisms will facilitate the development of novel therapies and/or better selection of those currently available to complement CPAP in alleviating the burden of AF in OSA. Arrhythmogenesis in OSA is a multifactorial process characterised by a combination of acute atrial stimulation on a background of chronic electrical, structural, and autonomic remodelling. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a key feature of OSA, is associated with long-term adaptive changes in myocyte ion channel currents, sensitising the atria to episodic bursts of autonomic reflex activity. CIH is also a potent driver of inflammatory and hypoxic stress, leading to fibrosis, connexin downregulation, and conduction slowing. Atrial stretch is brought about by negative thoracic pressure (NTP) swings during apnoea, promoting further chronic structural remodelling, as well as acutely dysregulating calcium handling and electrical function. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of these topical mechanistic insights and their roles in arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Saleeb-Mousa
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Demitris Nathanael
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew M Coney
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Manish Kalla
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - Keith L Brain
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew P Holmes
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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42
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Baquerizo-Sedano L, Goni L, Sayón-Orea C, González-Muniesa P. A U-shaped protection of altitude against mortality and infection of COVID-19 in Peru: an ecological study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1054. [PMID: 37264338 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world in multiple ways and has been a challenge for the health systems of each country. From the beginning, risk factors for the severity and mortality of the disease were considered, as the spread of the virus was related to the living conditions of each population. METHODS In this ecological study we have evaluated the role of geography, precisely the altitude above sea level in the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in Peru. Incidence and mortality data were taken from the open-access database of the government of Peru until March 2021. COVID-19 cases and COVID-19 mortality were treated as cases/density population and 1000 x cases/inhabitants while altitude was treated as continuous and as a categorical variable divided in 7 categories. The relationship between COVID-19 cases or deaths for COVID-19 and altitude as continuous variable was determined using Spearman correlation test. Meanwhile when altitude was considered as a categorical variable, Poisson regression or negative binomial analyses were applied. RESULTS A significant inverse correlation was found between COVID-19 cases by population density and altitude (r=-0.37 p < 0.001). By altitude categories, the lowest risk for infection was observed between 3,000 and 3,500 m (IRR 0.08; 95% CI 0.05,0.12). Moreover, we found an inverse correlation between altitude and COVID-19 mortality (r=-0.39 p < 0.001). Also, the lowest risk for mortality was observed between 3,000 and 3,500 m (IRR 0.12; 95%CI 0.08; 0.18). Similar results were found when analyses were adjusted for inhabitants and stratified by sex. CONCLUSION This study reports an inverse relationship between COVID-19 incidence and mortality with respect to the altitude of residence, particularly, a u-shaped protection is shown, with a highest benefit between 3000 and 3500 m. The possibility of using hypoxia as an alternative treatment requires more complex studies that should allow knowing the physiological and environmental mechanisms of the protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Baquerizo-Sedano
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - L Goni
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IDISNA - Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Sayón-Orea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IDISNA - Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - P González-Muniesa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA - Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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Guha L, Singh N, Kumar H. Different Ways to Die: Cell Death Pathways and Their Association With Spinal Cord Injury. Neurospine 2023; 20:430-448. [PMID: 37401061 PMCID: PMC10323345 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2244976.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is a systematic/nonsystematic process of cessation of normal morphology and functional properties of the cell to replace and recycle old cells with new also promoting inflammation in some cases. It is a complicated process comprising multiple pathways. Some are well-explored, and others have just begun to be. The research on appropriate control of cell death pathways after acute and chronic damage of neuronal cells is being widely researched today due to the lack of regeneration and recovering potential of a neuronal cell after sustaining damage and the inability to control the direction of neuronal growth. In the progression and onset of various neurological diseases, impairments in programmed cell death signaling processes, like necroptosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and pathways directly or indirectly linked, like autophagy as in nonprogrammed necrosis, are observed. Spinal cord injury (SCI) involves the temporary or permanent disruption of motor activities due to the death of a neuronal and glial cell in the spinal cord accompanied by axonal degeneration. Recent years have seen a significant increase in research on the intricate biochemical interactions that occur after a SCI. Different cell death pathways may significantly impact the subsequent damage processes that lead to the eventual neurological deficiency after an injury to the spinal cord. A better knowledge of the molecular basis of the involved cell death pathways might help enhance neuronal and glial survival and neurological deficits, promoting a curative path for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahanya Guha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Marino R, Melillo D, Italiani P, Boraschi D. Environmental stress and nanoplastics' effects on Ciona robusta: regulation of immune/stress-related genes and induction of innate memory in pharynx and gut. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176982. [PMID: 37313415 PMCID: PMC10258323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to circulating haemocytes, the immune system of the solitary ascidian Ciona robusta relies on two organs, the pharynx and the gut, and encompasses a wide array of immune and stress-related genes. How the pharynx and the gut of C. robusta react and adapt to environmental stress was assessed upon short or long exposure to hypoxia/starvation in the absence or in the presence of polystyrene nanoplastics. We show that the immune response to stress is very different between the two organs, suggesting an organ-specific immune adaptation to the environmental changes. Notably, the presence of nanoplastics appears to alter the gene modulation induced by hypoxia/starvation in both organs, resulting in a partial increase in gene up-regulation in the pharynx and a less evident response to stress in the gut. We have also assessed whether the hypoxia/starvation stress could induce innate memory, measured as gene expression in response to a subsequent challenge with the bacterial agent LPS. Exposure to stress one week before challenge induced a substantial change in the response to LPS, with a general decrease of gene expression in the pharynx and a strong increase in the gut. Co-exposure with nanoplastics only partially modulated the stress-induced memory response to LPS, without substantially changing the stress-dependent gene expression profile in either organ. Overall, the presence of nanoplastics in the marine environment seems able to decrease the immune response of C. robusta to stressful conditions, hypothetically implying a reduced capacity to adapt to environmental changes, but only partially affects the stress-dependent induction of innate memory and subsequent responses to infectious challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Marino
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Napoli, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Melillo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Italiani
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Napoli, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
- China-Italy Joint Laboratory of Pharmacobiotechnology for Medical Immunomodulation (CNR, SZN, SIAT), Shenzhen, China
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Napoli, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
- China-Italy Joint Laboratory of Pharmacobiotechnology for Medical Immunomodulation (CNR, SZN, SIAT), Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Vaccines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Graham AM, Jamison JM, Bustos M, Cournoyer C, Michaels A, Presnell JS, Richter R, Crocker DE, Fustukjian A, Hunter ME, Rea LD, Marsillach J, Furlong CE, Meyer WK, Clark NL. Reduction of Paraoxonase Expression Followed by Inactivation across Independent Semiaquatic Mammals Suggests Stepwise Path to Pseudogenization. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad104. [PMID: 37146172 PMCID: PMC10202596 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Convergent adaptation to the same environment by multiple lineages frequently involves rapid evolutionary change at the same genes, implicating these genes as important for environmental adaptation. Such adaptive molecular changes may yield either change or loss of protein function; loss of function can eliminate newly deleterious proteins or reduce energy necessary for protein production. We previously found a striking case of recurrent pseudogenization of the Paraoxonase 1 (Pon1) gene among aquatic mammal lineages-Pon1 became a pseudogene with genetic lesions, such as stop codons and frameshifts, at least four times independently in aquatic and semiaquatic mammals. Here, we assess the landscape and pace of pseudogenization by studying Pon1 sequences, expression levels, and enzymatic activity across four aquatic and semiaquatic mammal lineages: pinnipeds, cetaceans, otters, and beavers. We observe in beavers and pinnipeds an unexpected reduction in expression of Pon3, a paralog with similar expression patterns but different substrate preferences. Ultimately, in all lineages with aquatic/semiaquatic members, we find that preceding any coding-level pseudogenization events in Pon1, there is a drastic decrease in expression, followed by relaxed selection, thus allowing accumulation of disrupting mutations. The recurrent loss of Pon1 function in aquatic/semiaquatic lineages is consistent with a benefit to Pon1 functional loss in aquatic environments. Accordingly, we examine diving and dietary traits across pinniped species as potential driving forces of Pon1 functional loss. We find that loss is best associated with diving activity and likely results from changes in selective pressures associated with hypoxia and hypoxia-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie M Graham
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jerrica M Jamison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto—Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marisol Bustos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas—San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Alexa Michaels
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Jason S Presnell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Rebecca Richter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA
| | | | - Margaret E Hunter
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lorrie D Rea
- Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska—Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Judit Marsillach
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Clement E Furlong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Wynn K Meyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA
| | - Nathan L Clark
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Nourkami-Tutdibi N, Küllmer J, Dietrich S, Monz D, Zemlin M, Tutdibi E. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor is a potential biomarker for acute mountain sickness. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1083808. [PMID: 37064896 PMCID: PMC10098311 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1083808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is the most common disease caused by hypobaric hypoxia (HH) in high-altitude (HA) associated with high mortality when progressing to high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and/or high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE). There is evidence for a role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in development of AMS, but biological pathways and molecular mechanisms underlying AMS remain elusive. We aimed to measure changes in blood cytokine levels and their possible association with the development of AMS.Method: 15 healthy mountaineers were included into this prospective clinical trial. All participants underwent baseline normoxic testing with venous EDTA blood sampling at the Bangor University in United Kingdom (69 m). The participants started from Beni at an altitude of 869 m and trekked same routes in four groups the Dhaulagiri circuit in the Nepali Himalaya. Trekking a 14-day route, the mountaineers reached the final HA of 5,050 m at the Hidden Valley Base Camp (HVBC). Venous EDTA blood sampling was performed after active ascent to HA the following morning after arrival at 5,050 m (HVBC). A panel of 21 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were assessed using Luminex system (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-1ra, sIL-2Rα, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IP-10, G-CSF, GM-CSF, EGF, FGF-2, VEGF, and TGF-β1).Results: There was a significant main effect for the gradual ascent from sea-level (SL) to HA on nearly all cytokines. Serum levels for TNF-α, sIL-2Rα, G-CSF, VEGF, EGF, TGF-β1, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1β, and IP-10 were significantly increased at HA compared to SL, whereas levels for IFN-γ and MIP-1α were significantly decreased. Serum VEGF was higher in AMS susceptible versus AMS resistant subjects (p < 0.027, main effect of AMS) and increased after ascent to HA in both AMS groups (p < 0.011, main effect of HA). Serum VEGF increased more from SL values in the AMS susceptible group than in the AMS resistant group (p < 0.049, interaction effect).Conclusion: Cytokine concentrations are significantly altered in HA. Within short interval after ascent, cytokine concentrations in HH normalize to values at SL. VEGF is significantly increased in mountaineers suffering from AMS, indicating its potential role as a biomarker for AMS.
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Lin FC, Chao HS, Chou CW, Tsai HC, Chang SC. Temporal changes in biomarkers in individuals with and without acute mountain sickness following rapid ascent. Am J Med Sci 2023; 365:510-519. [PMID: 36921671 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Field studies have reported conflicting results regarding changes in biomarkers at high altitude. This study measured temporal changes in biomarkers and compared the differences between individuals with and without acute mountain sickness (AMS). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 34 nonacclimatized healthy participants. Ten-milliliters of blood were collected at four time points: 3 days before ascent (T0), on two successive nights at 3150 m (T1 and T2), and 2 days after descent (T3). Participants were transported by bus from 555 m to 3150 m within 3 hours. AMS was diagnosed using the self-reported Lake Louise Scoring (LLS) questionnaire. RESULTS Compared with T0, significant increases in E-selectin and decreases in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were observed at high altitude. Significantly increased C-reactive protein (CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) levels were observed at T2, and significantly decreased vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels were observed at T3. Eighteen (53%) participants developed AMS. Changes in E-selectin, CRP, MCP-1, and S100B levels were independent of AMS. Relative to individuals without AMS, those with AMS had significantly higher atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and VCAM-1 levels and lower plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels at T1 and higher brain natriuretic peptide and lower VEGF and PAI-1 levels at T3. LLSs were positively correlated with ANP and VCAM-1 levels and negatively correlated with PAI-1 levels measured at T1. CONCLUSIONS After acute ascent, individuals with and without AMS exhibited different trends in biomarkers associated with endothelial cell activation and natriuretic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Chi Lin
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Heng-Sheng Chao
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wei Chou
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chen Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jeong S, Bae S, Shin EC, Lee JH, Ha JH. Ellagic Acid Prevents Particulate Matter-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Hyperactivity in Mice: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4523. [PMID: 36901532 PMCID: PMC10001477 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM) is a significant health-related environmental issue. Previously, we demonstrated that repeated PM exposure causes hyperlocomotive activity in mice, as well as inflammatory and hypoxic responses in their lungs. In this study, we evaluated the potential efficacy of ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenolic compound, against PM-induced pulmonary and behavioral abnormalities in mice. Four treatment groups were assigned in this study (n = 8): control (CON), particulate-matter-instilled (PMI), low-dose EA with PMI (EL + PMI), and high-dose EA with PMI (EH + PMI). EA (20 and 100 mg/kg body weight for low dose and high dose, respectively) was orally administered for 14 days in C57BL/6 mice, and after the eighth day, PM (5 mg/kg) was intratracheally instilled for 7 consecutive days. PM exposure induced inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs following EA pretreatment. Moreover, PM exposure induced inflammatory protein expression in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the expression of inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnfα), interleukin (Il)-1b, and Il-6) and hypoxic (vascular endothelial growth factor alpha (Vegfα), ankyrin repeat domain 37 (Ankrd37)) response genes. However, EA pretreatment markedly prevented the induction of expression of inflammatory and hypoxic response genes in the lungs. Furthermore, PM exposure significantly triggered hyperactivity by increasing the total moving distance with an increase in moving speed in the open field test. On the contrary, EA pretreatment significantly prevented PM-induced hyperactivity. In conclusion, dietary intervention with EA may be a potential strategy to prevent PM-induced pathology and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Jeong
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungryong Bae
- Department of Fire Protection and Disaster Management, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Department of GreenBio Science/Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Lee
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea
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Ma S, Yang Q, Chen N, Zheng A, Abbasi N, Wang G, Patel PR, Cho BS, Yee BA, Zhang L, Chu H, Evans SM, Yeo GW, Zheng Y, Huang WJM. RNA binding protein DDX5 restricts RORγt + T reg suppressor function to promote intestine inflammation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd6165. [PMID: 36724232 PMCID: PMC9891705 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add6165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Retinoid-related orphan receptor (RAR) gamma (RORγt)-expressing regulatory T cells (RORγt+ Tregs) play pivotal roles in preventing T cell hyperactivation and maintaining tissue homeostasis, in part by secreting the anti-inflammation cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Here, we report that hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF1α) is the master transcription factor for Il10 in RORγt+ Tregs. This critical anti-inflammatory pathway is negatively regulated by an RNA binding protein DEAD box helicase 5 (DDX5). As a transcriptional corepressor, DDX5 restricts the expression of HIF1α and its downstream target gene Il10 in RORγt+ Tregs. T cell-specific Ddx5 knockout (DDX5ΔT) mice have augmented RORγt+ Treg suppressor activities and are better protected from intestinal inflammation. Genetic ablation or pharmacologic inhibition of HIF1α restores enteropathy susceptibility in DDX5ΔT mice. The DDX5-HIF1α-IL-10 pathway is conserved in mice and humans. These findings reveal potential therapeutic targets for intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Ma
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anna Zheng
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nazia Abbasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gaowei Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Parth R. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Cho
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian A. Yee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lunfeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hiutung Chu
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Chiba University–UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (cMAV), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sylvia M. Evans
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ye Zheng
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Jia Men Huang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Salyha N, Oliynyk I. Hypoxia modeling techniques: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13238. [PMID: 36718422 PMCID: PMC9877323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is the main cause and effect of a large number of diseases, including the most recent one facing the world, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Hypoxia is divided into short-term, long-term, and periodic, it can be the result of diseases, climate change, or living and traveling in the high mountain regions of the world. Since each type of hypoxia can be a cause and a consequence of various physiological changes, the methods for modeling these hypoxias are also different. There are many techniques for modeling hypoxia under experimental conditions. The most common animal for modeling hypoxia is a rat. Hypoxia models (hypoxia simulations) in rats are a tool to study the effect of various conditions on the oxygen supply of the body. These models can provide a necessary information to understand hypoxia and also provide effective treatment, highlighting the importance of various reactions of the body to hypoxia. The main parameters when choosing a model should be reproducibility and the goal that the scientist wants to achieve. Hypoxia in rats can be reproduced both ways exogenously and endogenously. The reason for writing this review was the aim to systematize the models of rats available in the literature in order to facilitate their selection by scientists. The relative strengths and limitations of each model need to be identified and understood in order to evaluate the information obtained from these models and extrapolate these results to humans to develop the necessary generalizations. Despite these problems, animal models have been and remain vital to understanding the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of hypoxia. The eligibility criteria for the selected studies was a comprehensive review of the methods and results obtained from the studies. This made it possible to make generalizations and give recommendations on the application of these methods. The review will assist scientists in choosing an appropriate hypoxia simulation method, as well as assist in interpreting the results obtained with these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Salyha
- Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, Lviv, Ukraine,Corresponding author
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