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Fayed RH, Ali SE, Yassin AM, Madian K, Bawish BM. Terminalia bellirica and Andrographis paniculata dietary supplementation in mitigating heat stress-induced behavioral, metabolic and genetic alterations in broiler chickens. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:388. [PMID: 39227945 PMCID: PMC11370032 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress (HS) is one of the most significant environmental stressors on poultry production and welfare worldwide. Identification of innovative and effective solutions is necessary. This study evaluated the effects of phytogenic feed additives (PHY) containing Terminalia bellirica and Andrographis paniculata on behavioral patterns, hematological and biochemical parameters, Oxidative stress biomarkers, and HSP70, I-FABP2, IL10, TLR4, and mTOR genes expression in different organs of broiler chickens under chronic HS conditions. A total of 208 one-day-old Avian-480 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into four treatments (4 replicate/treatment, 52 birds/treatment): Thermoneutral control treatment (TN, fed basal diet); Thermoneutral treatment (TN, fed basal diet + 1 kg/ton feed PHY); Heat stress treatment (HS, fed basal diet); Heat stress treatment (HS, fed basal diet + 1 kg/ton feed PHY). RESULTS The findings of the study indicate that HS led to a decrease in feeding, foraging, walking, and comfort behavior while increasing drinking and resting behavior, also HS increased red, and white blood cells (RBCs and WBCs) counts, and the heterophile/ lymphocyte (H/L) ratio (P < 0.05); while both mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, HS negatively impacted lipid, protein, and glucose levels, liver and kidney function tests, and oxidative biomarkers by increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreasing reduced glutathion (GSH) activity (P < 0.05). Heat stress (HS) caused the upregulation in HSP70, duodenal TLR4 gene expression, and the downregulation of I-FABP2, IL10, mTOR in all investigated tissues, and hepatic TLR4 (P < 0.05) compared with the TN treatment. Phytogenic feed additives (PHY) effectively mitigated heat stress's negative impacts on broilers via an improvement of broilers' behavior, hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress biomarkers with a marked decrease in HSP70 expression levels while all tissues showed increased I-FABP2, IL10, TLR4, and mTOR (except liver) levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Phytogenic feed additives (PHY) containing Terminalia bellirica and Andrographis paniculata have ameliorated the HS-induced oxidative stress and improved the immunity as well as the gut health and welfare of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabie H Fayed
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Sara E Ali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Aya M Yassin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - K Madian
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Basma M Bawish
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Duenk P, Ellen ED, de Jong IC, van der Sluis M. Research Note: Effects of high barn temperature on group-level dispersion and individual activity in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103901. [PMID: 38865768 PMCID: PMC11223106 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stress in broilers is a pressing issue in the changing climate. Data on broiler behavior might be useful for early detection of heat stress and subsequent intervention, and may provide potential indicators for heat tolerance that can be used in broiler breeding programs. Here, we used bird location data collected in a previous study during which broilers were inadvertently exposed to high ambient temperatures due to a local heat wave. We examined whether broiler behavior changed with increasing ambient temperatures, focusing on group-level dispersion behavior and individual-level locomotor activity. We observed that birds moved closer together with increasing temperatures up to 9 °C above the desired level, and remained in similar proximity or moved further apart at temperatures above that threshold. The activity level decreased or remained stable with increasing temperature during most parts of the day, but increased at the end of the day. Possibly, the birds exhibited compensatory behavior (such as drinking and eating) during the periods when the barn cooled down after a hot day, but that could not be confirmed as no behavioral observations were available. The difference in activity levels between individuals accounted for 8.4% of the total variation, suggesting that activity might be an interesting indicator trait for heat tolerance in broiler chickens. Overall, the results of this study can inform the development of behavior-based 1) early-warning systems for heat stress and 2) heat tolerance indicators, although data on behaviors that are more specific to heat stress are probably required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Duenk
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, AH 6700, the Netherlands.
| | - Esther D Ellen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, AH 6700, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid C de Jong
- Animal Health and Welfare, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, AH 6700, the Netherlands
| | - Malou van der Sluis
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, AH 6700, the Netherlands
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Guo B, Yan L, Tang Y, Du J, Dai Z, Liu J, Lei M, Hou Z, Zhu H. Green Light Mitigates Cyclic Chronic Heat-Stress-Induced Liver Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via NF-κB Pathway Inhibition in Geese. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:772. [PMID: 39061842 PMCID: PMC11274274 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) induces various physiological disorders in poultry, negatively impacting feed intake, feed efficiency, and growth performance. Considering the documented anti-stress and growth-promoting benefits of monochromatic green light in poultry, we aimed to investigate its effects on cyclic chronic HS-induced oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation in geese. We established three treatment groups-geese exposed to white light (W), white light with HS treatment (WH), and green light with HS treatment (GH)-treated over a six-week period with daily HS sessions. The results revealed that cyclic chronic HS induced liver OS and inflammation, leading to hepatocellular injury and reduced growth performance and feed intake. In comparison, the growth performance of geese under green light significantly improved. Additionally, liver index, serum, liver malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were reduced. Serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), liver catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were enhanced, reducing hepatic OS and inflammation. Liver transcriptomic analysis indicated that green light alleviates cyclic chronic HS-induced liver injury and promotes geese growth performance by suppressing NF-κB pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China (L.Y.); (Y.T.); (Z.D.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Leyan Yan
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China (L.Y.); (Y.T.); (Z.D.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China (L.Y.); (Y.T.); (Z.D.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Jie Du
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary College, Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China;
| | - Zichun Dai
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China (L.Y.); (Y.T.); (Z.D.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China (L.Y.); (Y.T.); (Z.D.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Mingming Lei
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China (L.Y.); (Y.T.); (Z.D.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhuocheng Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huanxi Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China (L.Y.); (Y.T.); (Z.D.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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Stelios V, Ilias G, Ioannis P, Christos A, Elias P, Paschalis F. Effect of three different insect larvae on growth performance and antioxidant activity of thigh, breast, and liver tissues of chickens reared under mild heat stress. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:80. [PMID: 38358592 PMCID: PMC10869369 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of insect-based diets to mitigate heat stress impact on broiler chickens, focusing on growth performance and antioxidant stability. Four dietary groups were examined, including a control and three treated groups with Tenebrio molitor (TM), Hermetia illucens (HI), and Zophobas morio (ZM) larvae, respectively, at a 5% replacement ratio. Temperature and relative humidity of the poultry house were monitored. Under heat stress conditions, the HI-fed group consistently exhibited the highest body weight, demonstrating their remarkable growth-promoting potential. TM-fed broilers also displayed commendable growth compared to the control. Insect larvae inclusion in the diet improved feed intake during early growth stages, indicating their positive influence on nutrient utilization. Regarding antioxidant stability, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver, an oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation marker, were significantly lower in the TM-fed group, suggesting reduced oxidative stress. While the specific insect-based diet did not significantly affect MDA levels in thigh and breast tissues, variations in the total phenolic content (TPC) were observed across tissues, with HI larvae significantly increasing it in the breast. However, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) levels did not differ significantly among dietary groups in the examined tissues. Results suggest that insect-based diets enhance broiler growth and potentially reduce oxidative stress, particularly in the liver. Dietary presence of bioactive compounds may contribute to these benefits. Further research is required to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying these findings. Insect-based diets seem to offer promise as feed additives in addressing the multifaceted challenges of oxidative stress and enhancing broiler health and resilience under heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilopoulos Stelios
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, PC, Greece
| | - Giannenas Ilias
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, PC, Greece.
| | - Panitsidis Ioannis
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, PC, Greece
| | - Athanassiou Christos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446, Volos, N. Ionia, Greece
| | - Papadopoulos Elias
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fortomaris Paschalis
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Cartoni Mancinelli A, Trocino A, Menchetti L, Chiattelli D, Ciarelli C, Castellini C. New approaches to selecting a scan-sampling method for chicken behavioral observations and their practical implications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17177. [PMID: 37821498 PMCID: PMC10567684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of the scan-sampling method, especially when a large amount of data is collected, has become widespread in behavioral studies. However, there are no specific guidelines regarding the choice of the sampling interval in different conditions. Thus, establishing a standard approach for video analysis represents an important step forward within the scientific community. In the present work, we hypothesized that the length of the sampling interval could influence the results of chicken behavioral study, for which we evaluated the reliability, accuracy, and validity of three different sampling intervals (10, 15 and 30 min). The Bland-Altman test was proposed as an innovative approach to compare sampling intervals and support researcher choices. Moreover, these sampling intervals were applied to compare the behavior of 4 chicken genotypes kept under free-range conditions. The Bland-Altman plots suggested that sampling intervals greater than 10 min lead to biases in the estimation of rare behaviors, such as "Attacking". In contrast, the 30-min sampling interval was able to detect differences among genotypes in high-occurrence behaviors, such as those associated with locomotory activity. Thus, from a practical viewpoint, when a broad characterization of chicken genotypes is required, the 30-min scan-sampling interval might be suggested as a good compromise between resources and results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06100, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Trocino
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Menchetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via della Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica, Macerata, Italy.
| | - Diletta Chiattelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06100, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Ciarelli
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06100, Perugia, Italy
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