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Lu T, Freytag L, Narayana VK, Moore Z, Oliver SJ, Valkovic A, Nijagal B, Peterson AL, de Souza DP, McConville MJ, Whittle JR, Best SA, Freytag S. Matrix Selection for the Visualization of Small Molecules and Lipids in Brain Tumors Using Untargeted MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Metabolites 2023; 13:1139. [PMID: 37999235 PMCID: PMC10673325 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging allows for the study of metabolic activity in the tumor microenvironment of brain cancers. The detectable metabolites within these tumors are contingent upon the choice of matrix, deposition technique, and polarity setting. In this study, we compared the performance of three different matrices, two deposition techniques, and the use of positive and negative polarity in two different brain cancer types and across two species. Optimal combinations were confirmed by a comparative analysis of lipid and small-molecule abundance by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing to assess differential metabolites and enzymes between normal and tumor regions. Our findings indicate that in the tumor-bearing brain, the recrystallized α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid matrix with positive polarity offered superior performance for both detected metabolites and consistency with other techniques. Beyond these implications for brain cancer, our work establishes a workflow to identify optimal matrices for spatial metabolomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyao Lu
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Lutz Freytag
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Vinod K. Narayana
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Zachery Moore
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Shannon J. Oliver
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Adam Valkovic
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Brunda Nijagal
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Amanda L. Peterson
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - David P. de Souza
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Malcolm J. McConville
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - James R. Whittle
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah A. Best
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Saskia Freytag
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
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Wittek O, Jahreis B, Römpp A. MALDI MS Imaging of Chickpea Seeds ( Cicer arietinum) and Crab's Eye Vine ( Abrus precatorius) after Tryptic Digestion Allows Spatially Resolved Identification of Plant Proteins. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14972-14980. [PMID: 37749896 PMCID: PMC10568532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) imaging following in situ enzymatic digestion is a versatile analytical method for the untargeted investigation of protein distributions, which has rarely been used for plants so far. The present study describes a workflow for in situ tryptic digestion of plant seed tissue for MALDI MS imaging. Substantial modifications to the sample preparation procedure for mammalian tissues were necessary to cater to the specific properties of plant materials. For the first time, distributions of tryptic peptides were successfully visualized in plant tissue using MS imaging with accurate mass detection. Sixteen proteins were visualized and identified in chickpea seeds showing different distribution patterns, e.g., in the cotyledons, radicle, or testa. All tryptic peptides were detected with a mass resolution higher than 60,000 as well as a mass accuracy better than 1.5 ppm root-mean-square error and were matched to results from complementary liquid chromatography-MS/MS (LC-MS/MS) data. The developed method was also applied to crab's eye vine seeds for targeted MS imaging of the toxic protein abrin, showing the presence of abrin-a in all compartments. Abrin (59 kDa), as well as the majority of proteins visualized in chickpeas, was larger than 50 kDa and would thus not be readily accessible by top-down MS imaging. Since antibodies for plant proteins are often not readily available, in situ digestion MS imaging provides unique information, as it makes the distribution and identification of larger proteins in plant tissues accessible in an untargeted manner. This opens up new possibilities in the field of plant science as well as to assess the nutritional quality and/or safety of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bastian Jahreis
- Bioanalytical Sciences and
Food Analysis, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Römpp
- Bioanalytical Sciences and
Food Analysis, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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3
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Wang Q, Li X, Wang H, Li S, Zhang C, Chen X, Dong J, Shao H, Wang J, Jin F. Spatial Distribution and Migration Characteristic of Forchlorfenuron in Oriental Melon Fruit by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Foods 2023; 12:2858. [PMID: 37569126 PMCID: PMC10417659 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Forchlorfenuron is a widely used plant growth regulator to support the pollination and fruit set of oriental melons. It is critical to investigate the spatial distribution and migration characteristics of forchlorfenuron among fruit tissues to understand its metabolism and toxic effects on plants. However, the application of imaging mass spectrometry in pesticides remains challenging due to the usually extremely low residual concentration and the strong interference from plant tissues. In this study, a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) method was developed for the first time to obtain the dynamic images of forchlorfenuron in oriental melon. A quantitative assessment has also been performed for MALDI-MSI to characterize the time-dependent permeation and degradation sites of forchlorfenuron in oriental melon. The majority of forchlorfenuron was detected in the exocarp and mesocarp regions of oriental melon and decreased within two days after application. The degradation rate obtained by MALDI-MSI in this study was comparable to that obtained by HPLC-MS/MS, indicating that the methodology and quantification approach based on the MALDI-MSI was reliable and practicable for pesticide degradation study. These results provide an important scientific basis for the assessment of the potential risks and effects of forchlorfenuron on oriental melons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Hongping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Simeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Xueying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Jing Dong
- Shimadzu China MS Center, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hua Shao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Fen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.W.); (H.S.)
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Laser Ablation Remote-Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (LARESI MSI) Imaging-New Method for Detection and Spatial Localization of Metabolites and Mycotoxins Produced by Moulds. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12110720. [PMID: 33217921 PMCID: PMC7698717 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, no method has been developed to assess the distribution of mycotoxins on the surface of grains, or other plant material, and the depth of their penetration into the interior. The Infrared (IR) Laser Ablation-Remote-Electrospray Ionization (LARESI) platform coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS), measuring in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode, was employed for the targeted imaging of selected metabolites of Aspergillus fumigatus, including mycotoxins in biological objects for the first time. This methodology allowed for the localisation of grain metabolites and fungal metabolites of grain infected by this mould. The distribution of metabolites in spelt grain was differentiated: fumigaclavine C, fumitremorgin C, and fumiquinazoline D were located mainly in the embryo, brevianamide F in the seed coat, and fumagillin in the endosperm. The LARESI mass spectrometry imaging method can be used in the future for the metabolomic analysis of mould metabolites in various plants and agricultural products.
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Abstract
The premise of this book is the importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Until recently, most research on and clinical attention to cancer biology, diagnosis, and prognosis were focused on the malignant (or premalignant) cellular compartment that could be readily appreciated using standard morphology-based imaging.
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Morikawa-Ichinose T, Fujimura Y, Murayama F, Yamazaki Y, Yamamoto T, Wariishi H, Miura D. Improvement of Sensitivity and Reproducibility for Imaging of Endogenous Metabolites by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1512-1520. [PMID: 31044355 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful technique to visualize the distributions of biomolecules without any labeling. In MALDI-MSI experiments, the choice of matrix deposition method is important for acquiring favorable MSI data with high sensitivity and high reproducibility. Generally, manual or automated spray-coating and automated sublimation methods are used, but these methods have some drawbacks with respect to detection sensitivity, spatial resolution, and data reproducibility. Herein, we present an optimized matrix deposition method of sublimation coupled with recrystallization using 9-aminoacridine (9-AA) as a matrix capable of ionizing endogenous metabolites. The matrix recrystallization process after sublimation was optimized for the solvent concentration and reaction temperature for matrix-metabolite co-crystallization. This optimized method showed excellent reproducibility and spatial resolution compared to the automatic spray-coating method. Furthermore, the recrystallization step after sublimation remarkably improved the detectability of metabolites, including amino acids, nucleotide derivatives, and lipids, compared with the conventional sublimation method. To date, there have been no other reports of 9-AA-based sublimation combined with recrystallization. The present method provides an easy, sensitive, and reproducible matrix deposition method for MALDI-MSI of endogenous metabolites. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Morikawa-Ichinose
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujimura
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fusa Murayama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuzo Yamazaki
- Analytical Applications Department, Global Application Development Center, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Takushi Yamamoto
- Analytical Applications Department, Global Application Development Center, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Wariishi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miura
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.
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Diez-Simon C, Mumm R, Hall RD. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics of volatiles as a new tool for understanding aroma and flavour chemistry in processed food products. Metabolomics 2019; 15:41. [PMID: 30868334 PMCID: PMC6476848 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When foods are processed or cooked, many chemical reactions occur involving a wide range of metabolites including sugars, amino acids and lipids. These chemical processes often lead to the formation of volatile aroma compounds that can make food tastier or may introduce off-flavours. Metabolomics tools are only now being used to study the formation of these flavour compounds in order to understand better the beneficial and less beneficial aspects of food processing. AIM OF REVIEW To provide a critical overview of the diverse MS-based studies carried out in recent years in food metabolomics and to review some biochemical properties and flavour characteristics of the different groups of aroma-related metabolites. A description of volatiles from processed foods, and their relevant chemical and sensorial characteristics is provided. In addition, this review also summarizes the formation of the flavour compounds from their precursors, and the interconnections between Maillard reactions and the amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate degradation pathways. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review provides new insights into processed ingredients and describes how metabolomics will help to enable us to produce, preserve, design and distribute higher-quality foods for health promotion and better flavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Diez-Simon
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Roland Mumm
- Wageningen Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert D Hall
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, The Netherlands
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State-of-the-Art of Profiling Immune Contexture in the Era of Multiplexed Staining and Digital Analysis to Study Paraffin Tumor Tissues. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020247. [PMID: 30791580 PMCID: PMC6406364 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiplexed platforms for multiple epitope detection have emerged in the last years as very powerful tools to study tumor tissues. These revolutionary technologies provide important visual techniques for tumor examination in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens to improve the understanding of the tumor microenvironment, promote new treatment discoveries, aid in cancer prevention, as well as allowing translational studies to be carried out. The aim of this review is to highlight the more recent methodologies that use multiplexed staining to study simultaneous protein identification in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues for immune profiling, clinical research, and potential translational analysis. New multiplexed methodologies, which permit the identification of several proteins at the same time in one single tissue section, have been developed in recent years with the ability to study different cell populations, cells by cells, and their spatial distribution in different tumor specimens including whole sections, core needle biopsies, and tissue microarrays. Multiplexed technologies associated with image analysis software can be performed with a high-quality throughput assay to study cancer specimens and are important tools for new discoveries. The different multiplexed technologies described in this review have shown their utility in the study of cancer tissues and their advantages for translational research studies and application in cancer prevention and treatments.
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Horikawa K, Hirama T, Shimura H, Jitsuyama Y, Suzuki T. Visualization of soluble carbohydrate distribution in apple fruit flesh utilizing MALDI-TOF MS imaging. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 278:107-112. [PMID: 30471723 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To confirm availability of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) for visualizing distribution of soluble carbohydrates in apple (Malus domestica) fruits a horizontal fruit flesh specimen was cut from a matured 'Fuji' fruit, mounted on a glass slide, lyophilized and then ion intensities of individual soluble carbohydrates were probed around the specimen using a MALDI-TOF MSI apparatus automatically. Contents of soluble carbohydrates in adjacent tissue of the same fruit were also determined using HPLC to compare the distribution of individual carbohydrate based on the ion intensities from MALDI-TOF MSI with those from HPLC. Positive correlation (P < 0.001, R2 > 0.95) was confirmed between the concentration of each standard carbohydrate and the relative ion intensity of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS), and thus it seems possible to use the ion intensity of MALDI-TOF MS for determining the relative concentration of carbohydrates in a sample. Singly charged ions attached with a potassium ion only were detected from the apple fruit specimen when DHB was used as a matrix for MALDI-TOF MSI. Graded increase of sucrose content from center to cortex side of the fruit flesh was confirmed by both MALDI-TOF MSI and HPLC. When pseudo color images on the distribution of individual carbohydrates based on the results from MALDI-TOF MSI were compared with the content of carbohydrates in the adjacent 16 tissue blocks quantified using HPLC, strong (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.6222) and weak (P < 0.10, R2 = 0.2123) correlation was confirmed between the brightness and the content of sucrose and sorbitol, respectively. These facts indicate that distribution of sucrose and sorbitol in apple fruit tissue can be visualized using MALDI-TOF MSI. Thus, MALDI-TOF MSI will be useful for examining carbohydrate metabolism during the maturing of apple fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Horikawa
- Research Faculty and Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Takuya Hirama
- Research Faculty and Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hanako Shimura
- Research Faculty and Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yutaka Jitsuyama
- Research Faculty and Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Research Faculty and Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
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Qin L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, He H, Han M, Li Y, Zeng M, Wang X. Recent advances in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) for in situ analysis of endogenous molecules in plants. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2018; 29:351-364. [PMID: 29667236 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) as a label-free and powerful imaging technique enables in situ evaluation of a tissue metabolome and/or proteome, becoming increasingly popular in the detection of plant endogenous molecules. OBJECTIVE The characterisation of structure and spatial information of endogenous molecules in plants are both very important aspects to better understand the physiological mechanism of plant organism. METHODS Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a commonly-used tissue imaging technique, which requires matrix to assist in situ detection of a variety of molecules on the surface of a tissue section. In previous studies, MALDI-MSI was mostly used for the detection of molecules from animal tissue sections, compared to plant samples due to cell structural limitations, such as plant cuticles, epicuticular waxes, and cell walls. Despite the enormous progress that has been made in tissue imaging, there is still a challenge for MALDI-MSI suitable for the imaging of endogenous compounds in plants. RESULTS This review summarises the recent advances in MALDI-MSI, focusing on the application of in situ detection of endogenous molecules in different plant organs, i.e. root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed. CONCLUSION Further improvements on instrumentation sensitivity, matrix selection, image processing and sample preparation will expand the application of MALDI-MSI in plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qin
- Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huixin He
- Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Manman Han
- Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Li
- The Hospital of Minzu University of China, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
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Fujimura Y, Miura D, Tachibana H. A Phytochemical-Sensing Strategy Based on Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolic Profiling for Understanding the Functionality of the Medicinal Herb Green Tea. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101621. [PMID: 28953237 PMCID: PMC6151411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight phytochemicals have health benefits and reduce the risk of diseases, but the mechanisms underlying their activities have remained elusive because of the lack of a methodology that can easily visualize the exact behavior of such small molecules. Recently, we developed an in situ label-free imaging technique, called mass spectrometry imaging, for visualizing spatially-resolved biotransformations based on simultaneous mapping of the major bioactive green tea polyphenol and its phase II metabolites. In addition, we established a mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling technique capable of evaluating the bioactivities of diverse green tea extracts, which contain multiple phytochemicals, by focusing on their compositional balances. This methodology allowed us to simultaneously evaluate the relative contributions of the multiple compounds present in a multicomponent system to its bioactivity. This review highlights small molecule-sensing techniques for visualizing the complex behaviors of herbal components and linking such information to an enhanced understanding of the functionalities of multicomponent medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Fujimura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Miura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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12
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Radchuk V, Riewe D, Peukert M, Matros A, Strickert M, Radchuk R, Weier D, Steinbiß HH, Sreenivasulu N, Weschke W, Weber H. Down-regulation of the sucrose transporters HvSUT1 and HvSUT2 affects sucrose homeostasis along its delivery path in barley grains. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4595-4612. [PMID: 28981782 PMCID: PMC5853522 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose transport and partitioning are crucial for seed filling. While many plasma-membrane-localised sucrose transporters (SUT1 family members) have been analysed in seeds, the functions of vacuolar SUT2 members are still obscure. In barley grains, expression of HvSUT1 and HvSUT2 overlap temporally and spatially, suggesting concerted functions to regulate sucrose homeostasis. Using HvSUT2-RNAi plants, we found that grains were also deficient in HvSUT1 expression and seemingly sucrose-limited during mid-to-late grain filling. Transgenic endosperms accumulated less starch and dry weight, although overall sucrose and hexose contents were higher. Comprehensive transcript and metabolite profiling revealed that genes related to glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, starch and amino acid synthesis, grain maturation, and abscisic acid signalling were down-regulated together with most glycolytic intermediates and amino acids. Sucrose was increased along the sucrose delivery route in the nucellar projection, the endosperm transfer cells, and the starchy endosperm, indicating that suppressed transporter activity diminished sucrose efflux from vacuoles, which generated sugar deficiency in the cytoplasm. Thus, endosperm vacuoles may buffer sucrose concentrations to regulate homeostasis at grain filling. Transcriptional changes revealed that limited endosperm sucrose initiated sugar starvation responses, such as sugar recycling from starch, hemicelluloses and celluloses together with vacuolar protein degradation, thereby supporting formation of nucleotide sugars. Barley endosperm cells can thus suppress certain pathways to retrieve resources to maintain essential cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Radchuk
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - David Riewe
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Manuela Peukert
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Andrea Matros
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Marc Strickert
- Computational Intelligence—FB12 Informatik, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ruslana Radchuk
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Diana Weier
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | | | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Winfriede Weschke
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hans Weber
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
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Sytar O, Brestic M, Zivcak M, Olsovska K, Kovar M, Shao H, He X. Applying hyperspectral imaging to explore natural plant diversity towards improving salt stress tolerance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 578:90-99. [PMID: 27524726 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Salinity represents an abiotic stress constraint affecting growth and productivity of plants in many regions of the world. One of the possible solutions is to improve the level of salt resistance using natural genetic variability within crop species. In the context of recent knowledge on salt stress effects and mechanisms of salt tolerance, this review present useful phenomic approach employing different non-invasive imaging systems for detection of quantitative and qualitative changes caused by salt stress at the plant and canopy level. The focus is put on hyperspectral imaging technique, which provides unique opportunities for fast and reliable estimate of numerous characteristics associated both with various structural, biochemical and physiological traits. The method also provides possibilities to combine plant and canopy analyses with a direct determination of salinity in soil. The future perspectives in salt stress applications as well as some limits of the method are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Sytar
- Research Centre AgroBioTech, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Brestic
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Olsovska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Kovar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Hongbo Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Xiaolan He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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14
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Peukert M, Lim WL, Seiffert U, Matros A. Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Metabolites in Barley Grain Tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:574-591. [DOI: 10.1002/cppb.20037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Peukert
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Wai Li Lim
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls (ARC CoE), University of Adelaide; Urrbrae Australia
| | - Udo Seiffert
- Biosystems Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation IFF; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Andrea Matros
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Applied Biochemistry Group; Gatersleben Germany
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15
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Jorge TF, Rodrigues JA, Caldana C, Schmidt R, van Dongen JT, Thomas-Oates J, António C. Mass spectrometry-based plant metabolomics: Metabolite responses to abiotic stress. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:620-49. [PMID: 25589422 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is one omics approach that can be used to acquire comprehensive information on the composition of a metabolite pool to provide a functional screen of the cellular state. Studies of the plant metabolome include analysis of a wide range of chemical species with diverse physical properties, from ionic inorganic compounds to biochemically derived hydrophilic carbohydrates, organic and amino acids, and a range of hydrophobic lipid-related compounds. This complexitiy brings huge challenges to the analytical technologies employed in current plant metabolomics programs, and powerful analytical tools are required for the separation and characterization of this extremely high compound diversity present in biological sample matrices. The use of mass spectrometry (MS)-based analytical platforms to profile stress-responsive metabolites that allow some plants to adapt to adverse environmental conditions is fundamental in current plant biotechnology research programs for the understanding and development of stress-tolerant plants. In this review, we describe recent applications of metabolomics and emphasize its increasing application to study plant responses to environmental (stress-) factors, including drought, salt, low oxygen caused by waterlogging or flooding of the soil, temperature, light and oxidative stress (or a combination of them). Advances in understanding the global changes occurring in plant metabolism under specific abiotic stress conditions are fundamental to enhance plant fitness and increase stress tolerance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 35:620-649, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F Jorge
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL), Avenida República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - João A Rodrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max-Planck-partner group at the Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory/CNPEM, 13083-970, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Romy Schmidt
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joost T van Dongen
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jane Thomas-Oates
- Jane Thomas-Oates, Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry, and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL), Avenida República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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16
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Wong MYM, So PK, Yao ZP. Direct analysis of traditional Chinese medicines by mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1026:2-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Daneri-Castro SN, Svensson B, Roberts TH. Barley germination: Spatio-temporal considerations for designing and interpreting ‘omics’ experiments. J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Plant-omics is rapidly becoming an important field of study in the scientific community due to the urgent need to address many of the most important questions facing humanity today with regard to agriculture, medicine, biofuels, environmental decontamination, ecological sustainability, etc. High-performance mass spectrometry is a dominant tool for interrogating the metabolomes, peptidomes, and proteomes of a diversity of plant species under various conditions, revealing key insights into the functions and mechanisms of plant biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Gemperline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Caitlin Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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19
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Gorzolka K, Kölling J, Nattkemper TW, Niehaus K. Spatio-Temporal Metabolite Profiling of the Barley Germination Process by MALDI MS Imaging. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150208. [PMID: 26938880 PMCID: PMC4777520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MALDI mass spectrometry imaging was performed to localize metabolites during the first seven days of the barley germination. Up to 100 mass signals were detected of which 85 signals were identified as 48 different metabolites with highly tissue-specific localizations. Oligosaccharides were observed in the endosperm and in parts of the developed embryo. Lipids in the endosperm co-localized in dependency on their fatty acid compositions with changes in the distributions of diacyl phosphatidylcholines during germination. 26 potentially antifungal hordatines were detected in the embryo with tissue-specific localizations of their glycosylated, hydroxylated, and O-methylated derivates. In order to reveal spatio-temporal patterns in local metabolite compositions, multiple MSI data sets from a time series were analyzed in one batch. This requires a new preprocessing strategy to achieve comparability between data sets as well as a new strategy for unsupervised clustering. The resulting spatial segmentation for each time point sample is visualized in an interactive cluster map and enables simultaneous interactive exploration of all time points. Using this new analysis approach and visualization tool germination-dependent developments of metabolite patterns with single MS position accuracy were discovered. This is the first study that presents metabolite profiling of a cereals' germination process over time by MALDI MSI with the identification of a large number of peaks of agronomically and industrially important compounds such as oligosaccharides, lipids and antifungal agents. Their detailed localization as well as the MS cluster analyses for on-tissue metabolite profile mapping revealed important information for the understanding of the germination process, which is of high scientific interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Gorzolka
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jan Kölling
- Biodata Mining, Faculty of Technology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld, Germany.,International Research Training Group "Computational Methods for the Analysis of the Diversity and Dynamics of Genomes", Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tim W Nattkemper
- Biodata Mining, Faculty of Technology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld, Germany
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20
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Dersch LM, Beckers V, Wittmann C. Green pathways: Metabolic network analysis of plant systems. Metab Eng 2016; 34:1-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Strittmatter M, Grenville-Briggs LJ, Breithut L, Van West P, Gachon CMM, Küpper FC. Infection of the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus by the oomycete Eurychasma dicksonii induces oxidative stress and halogen metabolism. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:259-71. [PMID: 25764246 PMCID: PMC4949667 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens are increasingly being recognized as key evolutionary and ecological drivers in marine ecosystems. Defence mechanisms of seaweeds, however, have mostly been investigated by mimicking infection using elicitors. We have established an experimental pathosystem between the genome brown model seaweed Ectocarpus siliculosus and the oomycete Eurychasma dicksonii as a powerful new tool to investigate algal responses to infection. Using proteomics, we identified 21 algal proteins differentially accumulated in response to Eu. dicksonii infection. These include classical algal stress response proteins such as a manganese superoxide dismutase, heat shock proteins 70 and a vanadium bromoperoxidase. Transcriptional profiling by qPCR confirmed the induction of the latter during infection. The accumulation of hydrogen peroxide was observed at different infection stages via histochemical staining. Inhibitor studies confirmed that the main source of hydrogen peroxide is superoxide converted by superoxide dismutase. Our data give an unprecedented global overview of brown algal responses to pathogen infection, and highlight the importance of oxidative stress and halogen metabolism in these interactions. This suggests overlapping defence pathways with herbivores and abiotic stresses. We also identify previously unreported actors, in particular a Rad23 and a plastid-lipid-associated protein, providing novel insights into the infection and defence processes in brown algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Strittmatter
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, Scotland, PA37 1QA, UK
- Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Laura J Grenville-Briggs
- Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, 230 53, Sweden
| | - Lisa Breithut
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany
| | - Pieter Van West
- Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Claire M M Gachon
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, Scotland, PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Frithjof C Küpper
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, Scotland, PA37 1QA, UK
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Scotland, AB41 6AA, UK
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22
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Peukert M, Thiel J, Mock HP, Marko D, Weschke W, Matros A. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Oligofructan Metabolism and Suggested Functions in Developing Cereal Grains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1245. [PMID: 26834760 PMCID: PMC4717867 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Oligofructans represent one of the most important groups of sucrose-derived water-soluble carbohydrates in the plant kingdom. In cereals, oligofructans accumulate in above ground parts of the plants (stems, leaves, seeds) and their biosynthesis leads to the formation of both types of glycosidic linkages [β(2,1); β(2,6)-fructans] or mixed patterns. In recent studies, tissue- and development- specific distribution patterns of the various oligofructan types in cereal grains have been shown, which are possibly related to the different phases of grain development, such as cellular differentiation of grain tissues and storage product accumulation. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about oligofructan biosynthesis and accumulation kinetics in cereal grains. We focus on the spatiotemporal dynamics and regulation of oligofructan biosynthesis and accumulation in developing barley grains (deduced from a combination of metabolite, transcript and proteome analyses). Finally, putative physiological functions of oligofructans in developing grains are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Peukert
- Applied Biochemistry Group, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK-Gatersleben)Gatersleben, Germany
- University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Thiel
- Plant Architecture Group, IPK-GaterslebenGatersleben, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Applied Biochemistry Group, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK-Gatersleben)Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | | | - Andrea Matros
- Applied Biochemistry Group, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK-Gatersleben)Gatersleben, Germany
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23
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Dong Y, Li B, Malitsky S, Rogachev I, Aharoni A, Kaftan F, Svatoš A, Franceschi P. Sample Preparation for Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Plant Tissues: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:60. [PMID: 26904042 PMCID: PMC4748743 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a mass spectrometry based molecular ion imaging technique. It provides the means for ascertaining the spatial distribution of a large variety of analytes directly on tissue sample surfaces without any labeling or staining agents. These advantages make it an attractive molecular histology tool in medical, pharmaceutical, and biological research. Likewise, MSI has started gaining popularity in plant sciences; yet, information regarding sample preparation methods for plant tissues is still limited. Sample preparation is a crucial step that is directly associated with the quality and authenticity of the imaging results, it therefore demands in-depth studies based on the characteristics of plant samples. In this review, a sample preparation pipeline is discussed in detail and illustrated through selected practical examples. In particular, special concerns regarding sample preparation for plant imaging are critically evaluated. Finally, the applications of MSI techniques in plants are reviewed according to different classes of plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Dong
- Biostatistics and Data Management, Research and Innovation Centre - Fondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Filip Kaftan
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena, Germany
| | - Aleš Svatoš
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena, Germany
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Biostatistics and Data Management, Research and Innovation Centre - Fondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pietro Franceschi
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24
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Černý M, Novák J, Habánová H, Cerna H, Brzobohatý B. Role of the proteome in phytohormonal signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1864:1003-15. [PMID: 26721743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are orchestrators of plant growth and development. A lot of time and effort has been invested in attempting to comprehend their complex signaling pathways but despite success in elucidating some key components, molecular mechanisms in the transduction pathways are far from being resolved. The last decade has seen a boom in the analysis of phytohormone-responsive proteins. Abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroids, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellins, nitric oxide, oxylipins, strigolactones, salicylic acid--all have been analyzed to various degrees. For this review, we collected data from proteome-wide analyses resulting in a list of over 2000 annotated proteins from Arabidopsis proteomics and nearly 500 manually filtered protein families merged from all the data available from different species. We present the currently accepted model of phytohormone signaling, highlight the contributions made by proteomic-based research and describe the key nodes in phytohormone signaling networks, as revealed by proteome analysis. These include ubiquitination and proteasome mediated degradation, calcium ion signaling, redox homeostasis, and phosphoproteome dynamics. Finally, we discuss potential pitfalls and future perspectives in the field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Černý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Novák
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Habánová
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Cerna
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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25
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Handberg E, Chingin K, Wang N, Dai X, Chen H. Mass spectrometry imaging for visualizing organic analytes in food. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:641-58. [PMID: 24687728 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The demand for rapid chemical imaging of food products steadily increases. Mass spectrometry (MS) is featured by excellent molecular specificity of analysis and is, therefore, a very attractive method for chemical profiling. MS for food imaging has increased significantly over the past decade, aided by the emergence of various ambient ionization techniques that allow direct and rapid analysis in ambient environment. In this article, the current status of food imaging with MSI is reviewed. The described approaches include matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), but emphasize desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI), electrospray-assisted laser desorption/ionization (ELDI), probe electrospray ionization (PESI), surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (SDAPCI), and laser ablation flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow (LA-FAPA). The methods are compared with regard to spatial resolution; analysis speed and time; limit of detection; and technical aspects. The performance of each method is illustrated with the description of a related application. Specific requirements in food imaging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Handberg
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Ximo Dai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
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26
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Fluxes through plant metabolic networks: measurements, predictions, insights and challenges. Biochem J 2015; 465:27-38. [PMID: 25631681 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the flows of material through metabolic networks are central to cell function, they are not easy to measure other than at the level of inputs and outputs. This is particularly true in plant cells, where the network spans multiple subcellular compartments and where the network may function either heterotrophically or photoautotrophically. For many years, kinetic modelling of pathways provided the only method for describing the operation of fragments of the network. However, more recently, it has become possible to map the fluxes in central carbon metabolism using the stable isotope labelling techniques of metabolic flux analysis (MFA), and to predict intracellular fluxes using constraints-based modelling procedures such as flux balance analysis (FBA). These approaches were originally developed for the analysis of microbial metabolism, but over the last decade, they have been adapted for the more demanding analysis of plant metabolic networks. Here, the principal features of MFA and FBA as applied to plants are outlined, followed by a discussion of the insights that have been gained into plant metabolic networks through the application of these time-consuming and non-trivial methods. The discussion focuses on how a system-wide view of plant metabolism has increased our understanding of network structure, metabolic perturbations and the provision of reducing power and energy for cell function. Current methodological challenges that limit the scope of plant MFA are discussed and particular emphasis is placed on the importance of developing methods for cell-specific MFA.
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27
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Fujimura Y. Small molecule-sensing strategy and techniques for understanding the functionality of green tea. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:687-99. [PMID: 25561325 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.996205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Various low-molecular-weight phytochemicals in green tea (Camellia sinensis L.), especially (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), are known to be involved in health promotion and disease risk reduction. However, the underlying mechanism has remained elusive because of the absence of an analytical technique that can easily detect the precise behavior of such a small molecule. Recently, we have identified a cell-surface EGCG-sensing receptor and the related signaling molecules that control the physiological functions of EGCG. We also developed a novel in situ label-free imaging technique for visualizing spatially resolved biotransformations based on simultaneous mapping of EGCG and its phase II metabolites. Furthermore, we established a chemometric method capable of evaluating the functionality of multicomponent green tea extracts by focusing on their compositional balances. This review highlights our proposed small molecule-sensing techniques for detecting the complex behavior of green tea components and linking such information to an enhanced understanding of green tea functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Fujimura
- a Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
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28
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Yuan L, Grotewold E. Metabolic engineering to enhance the value of plants as green factories. Metab Eng 2014; 27:83-91. [PMID: 25461830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The promise of plants to serve as the green factories of the future is ever increasing. Plants have been used traditionally for construction, energy, food and feed. Bioactive compounds primarily derived from specialized plant metabolism continue to serve as important scaffold molecules for pharmaceutical drug production. Yet, the past few years have witnessed a growing interest on plants as the ultimate harvesters of carbon and energy from the sun, providing carbohydrate and lipid biofuels that would contribute to balancing atmospheric carbon. How can the metabolic output from plants be increased even further, and what are the bottlenecks? Here, we present what we perceive to be the main opportunities and challenges associated with increasing the efficiency of plants as chemical factories. We offer some perspectives on when it makes sense to use plants as production systems because the amount of biomass needed makes any other system unfeasible. However, there are other instances in which plants serve as great sources of biological catalysts, yet are not necessarily the best-suited systems for production. We also present emerging opportunities for manipulating plant genomes to make plant synthetic biology a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1401 University Drive, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences (CAPS), Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 012 Rightmire Hall, 1060 Carmack Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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29
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Peukert M, Thiel J, Peshev D, Weschke W, Van den Ende W, Mock HP, Matros A. Spatio-temporal dynamics of fructan metabolism in developing barley grains. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3728-44. [PMID: 25271242 PMCID: PMC4213166 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.130211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain development follows a series of defined morphological and physiological stages and depends on the supply of assimilates (mainly sucrose) from the mother plant. Here, spatio-temporal patterns of sugar distributions were investigated by mass spectrometric imaging, targeted metabolite analyses, and transcript profiling of microdissected grain tissues. Distinct spatio-temporal sugar balances were observed, which may relate to differentiation and grain filling processes. Notably, various types of oligofructans showed specific distribution patterns. Levan- and graminan-type oligofructans were synthesized in the cellularized endosperm prior to the commencement of starch biosynthesis, while during the storage phase, inulin-type oligofructans accumulated to a high concentration in and around the nascent endosperm cavity. In the shrunken endosperm mutant seg8, with a decreased sucrose flux toward the endosperm, fructan accumulation was impaired. The tight partitioning of oligofructan biosynthesis hints at distinct functions of the various fructan types in the young endosperm prior to starch accumulation and in the endosperm transfer cells that accomplish the assimilate supply toward the endosperm at the storage phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Peukert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Johannes Thiel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Darin Peshev
- Lab of Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee (2434), Belgium
| | - Winfriede Weschke
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Lab of Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee (2434), Belgium
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Andrea Matros
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
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30
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Becker L, Carré V, Poutaraud A, Merdinoglu D, Chaimbault P. MALDI mass spectrometry imaging for the simultaneous location of resveratrol, pterostilbene and viniferins on grapevine leaves. Molecules 2014; 19:10587-600. [PMID: 25050857 PMCID: PMC6271053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190710587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the in-situ response to a stress, grapevine leaves have been subjected to mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) experiments. The Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation (MALDI) approach using different matrices has been evaluated. Among all the tested matrices, the 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) was found to be the most efficient matrix allowing a broader range of detected stilbene phytoalexins. Resveratrol, but also more toxic compounds against fungi such as pterostilbene and viniferins, were identified and mapped. Their spatial distributions on grapevine leaves irradiated by UV show their specific colocation around the veins. Moreover, MALDI MSI reveals that resveratrol (and piceids) and viniferins are not specifically located on the same area when leaves are infected by Plasmopara viticola. Results obtained by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging demonstrate that this technique would be essential to improve the level of knowledge concerning the role of the stilbene phytoalexins involved in a stress event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Becker
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique-Approche Multi échelle des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC), Institut Jean Barriol (FR 2843), Université de Lorraine, ICPM 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France.
| | - Vincent Carré
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique-Approche Multi échelle des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC), Institut Jean Barriol (FR 2843), Université de Lorraine, ICPM 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France.
| | - Anne Poutaraud
- Institut National de Recherche en Agronomie (INRA) - Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin (UMR 1131), 28 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68021 Colmar, France.
| | - Didier Merdinoglu
- Institut National de Recherche en Agronomie (INRA) - Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin (UMR 1131), 28 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68021 Colmar, France.
| | - Patrick Chaimbault
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique-Approche Multi échelle des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC), Institut Jean Barriol (FR 2843), Université de Lorraine, ICPM 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France.
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31
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MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Visualizing In Situ Metabolism of Endogenous Metabolites and Dietary Phytochemicals. Metabolites 2014; 4:319-46. [PMID: 24957029 PMCID: PMC4101509 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the spatial distribution of bioactive small molecules is indispensable for elucidating their biological or pharmaceutical roles. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables determination of the distribution of ionizable molecules present in tissue sections of whole-body or single heterogeneous organ samples by direct ionization and detection. This emerging technique is now widely used for in situ label-free molecular imaging of endogenous or exogenous small molecules. MSI allows the simultaneous visualization of many types of molecules including a parent molecule and its metabolites. Thus, MSI has received much attention as a potential tool for pathological analysis, understanding pharmaceutical mechanisms, and biomarker discovery. On the other hand, several issues regarding the technical limitations of MSI are as of yet still unresolved. In this review, we describe the capabilities of the latest matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MSI technology for visualizing in situ metabolism of endogenous metabolites or dietary phytochemicals (food factors), and also discuss the technical problems and new challenges, including MALDI matrix selection and metabolite identification, that need to be addressed for effective and widespread application of MSI in the diverse fields of biological, biomedical, and nutraceutical (food functionality) research.
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32
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Bjarnholt N, Li B, D'Alvise J, Janfelt C. Mass spectrometry imaging of plant metabolites--principles and possibilities. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:818-37. [PMID: 24452137 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70100j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2013 New mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) techniques are gaining importance in the analysis of plant metabolite distributions, and significant technological improvements have been introduced in the past decade. This review provides an introduction to the different MSI techniques and their applications in plant science. The most common methods for sample preparation are described, and the review also features a comprehensive table of published studies in MSI of plant material. A number of significant works are highlighted for their contributions to advance the understanding of plant biology through applications of plant metabolite imaging. Particular attention is given to the possibility for imaging of surface metabolites since this is highly dependent on the methods and techniques which are applied in imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Bjarnholt
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Bülowsvej 17, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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33
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Komatsu S, Mock HP, Yang P, Svensson B. Application of proteomics for improving crop protection/artificial regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:522. [PMID: 24391656 PMCID: PMC3867738 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Komatsu
- National Institute of Crop ScienceTsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence:
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant ResearchGatersleben, Germany
| | - Pingfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of DenmarkLyngby, Denmark
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