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Scavo A, Pandino G, Restuccia A, Caruso P, Lombardo S, Mauromicale G. Allelopathy in Durum Wheat Landraces as Affected by Genotype and Plant Part. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11081021. [PMID: 35448748 PMCID: PMC9026900 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat is one of the largest cultivated crops across Mediterranean areas. The high demand for sustainable crop productions, especially concerning weed management, is driving the return to local landraces. In the present work, the in vitro allelopathic effects of the extracts of three durum wheat landraces ('Timilia', 'Russello' and 'Perciasacchi') and a modern variety ('Mongibello'), obtained from three different plant parts (ears, stems and roots), were tested on seed germination (G) and mean germination time (MGT) of Portulaca oleracea L. and Stellaria. media (L.) Vill., two weeds commonly infesting wheat fields. In addition, the total polyphenol (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) content of extracts was determined. All extracts reduced G and increased MGT in both weeds compared to the control. The magnitude of phytotoxicity was strongly affected by the influence of genotype, plant part and extract dilution. Overall, the landraces 'Timilia' and 'Russello' showed the highest allelopathic effects, ear extracts were the most active, and the maximum extract dilution induced higher phytotoxicity. Extracts' TPC and TFC corroborated these results. The findings obtained here encourage the use of local landraces as a source of allelochemicals and suggest that they could be left on soil surface or soil-incorporated after harvest for a possible weed control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaetano Pandino
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (S.L.); Tel.: +39-0954783449 (G.P.); +39-0954783421 (S.L.)
| | | | | | - Sara Lombardo
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (S.L.); Tel.: +39-0954783449 (G.P.); +39-0954783421 (S.L.)
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Hussain MI, Vieites-Álvarez Y, Otero P, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J, Reigosa MJ, Sánchez-Moreiras AM. Weed pressure determines the chemical profile of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its allelochemicals potential. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1605-1619. [PMID: 34994056 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) are important infesting weeds of field crops. Herbicides are mostly used for weed suppression, while their environmental toxicity and resistance in weeds against them demand considering alternative options, such as the use of allelopathic crops for weed management. Wheat is an important allelopathic crop and present research focused on the identification and quantification of benzoxazinoids (BXZs) and polyphenols (phenolic acids and flavonoids) of the wheat accession 'Ursita' and to screen its allelopathic impact on P. oleracea and Lolium rigidum through equal-compartment-agar (ECA) method. RESULTS Weed germination, radicle length, biomass and photosynthetic pigments were altered following co-growth of weeds with Ursita for 10-day. Root exudates from Ursita reduced (29-60%) the seedling growth and photosynthetic pigments of Lolium rigidum depending on co-culture conditions of planting density. Weed pressure caused significant increase in the production of phenolic acids (vanillic, ferulic, syringic and p-coumaric acids) and root exudation of BXZs, in particular benzoxazolin-2-one (BOA), 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (HMBOA), 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin3-one (HBOA) and 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA) in wheat tissues (shoots, roots) and exudate in root rhizosphere agar medium in response to co-cultivation with Lolium rigidum and P. oleracea, depending on weed/crop density. CONCLUSION The work revealed that Ursita is allelopathic in nature and can be used in breeding programs to enhance its allelopathic activity. Meanwhile, there are opportunities to explore allelopathic effect of wheat cultivars to control P. oleracea and Lolium rigidum under field conditions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iftikhar Hussain
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Yedra Vieites-Álvarez
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo-Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo-Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo-Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Manuel J Reigosa
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Adela M Sánchez-Moreiras
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Chen R, Xiong XP, Cheng WH. Root characteristics of spring wheat under drip irrigation and their relationship with aboveground biomass and yield. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4913. [PMID: 33649480 PMCID: PMC7921688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this two-year field experiment were (1) to study the effect of irrigation frequency and irrigation amount on the root characteristics of drip-irrigated spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and (2) to determine the relationship between these root characteristics and aboveground biomass and yield. A split-plot design was used with two wheat cultivars (Xinchun 6 and Xinchun 22). The irrigation treatments consisted of three irrigation intervals (D1, 13 d; D2, 10 d; and D3, 7 d) and three water amounts (W1, 3750 m3/ha; W2, 6000 m3/ha; and W3, 8250 m3/ha). The results showed that root length density (RLD) and root weight density (RWD) were greater at 0–20 cm than at 20–40 cm at flowering. The RLD was greater in D1 and D2 than in D3 in the shallow soil layer and did not differ among the treatments with different irrigation frequencies in deep soil. The RLD at the 0–20 cm depth of W3 was 17.9% greater than that of W2 and 53.8% greater than that of W1, and the RLD trend was opposite at the 20–40 cm depth. The root–shoot ratio was significantly higher in D2 than in the other treatment, whereas the RLD, RWD, leaf Pn and LAI were significantly greater in D3. Leaf Pn and LAI both increased as the irrigation amount increased. Regression analysis showed a natural logarithmic relationship between RWD and aboveground biomass (R2 > 0.60, P < 0.05) and binomial relationships of the RWD at 0–20 cm depth (R2 = 0.43, P < 0.05) and the RLD at 20–40 cm depth (R2 = 0.34, P < 0.05) with grain yield. We found that with the optimum irrigation amount (W2), increasing drip irrigation frequency can increase wheat root length and root weight and aboveground biomass accumulation, thereby improving yield and water use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Xing-Peng Xiong
- Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Han Cheng
- Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China.
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Beres BL, Rahmani E, Clarke JM, Grassini P, Pozniak CJ, Geddes CM, Porker KD, May WE, Ransom JK. A Systematic Review of Durum Wheat: Enhancing Production Systems by Exploring Genotype, Environment, and Management (G × E × M) Synergies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:568657. [PMID: 33193496 PMCID: PMC7658099 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.568657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
According to the UN-FAO, agricultural production must increase by 50% by 2050 to meet global demand for food. This goal can be accomplished, in part, by the development of improved cultivars coupled with modern best management practices. Overall, wheat production on farms will have to increase significantly to meet future demand, and in the face of a changing climate that poses risk to even current rates of production. Durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.)] is used largely for pasta, couscous and bulgur production. Durum producers face a range of factors spanning abiotic (frost damage, drought, and sprouting) and biotic (weed, disease, and insect pests) stresses that impact yields and quality specifications desired by export market end-users. Serious biotic threats include Fusarium head blight (FHB) and weed pest pressures, which have increased as a result of herbicide resistance. While genetic progress for yield and quality is on pace with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), development of resistant durum cultivars to FHB is still lagging. Thus, successful biotic and abiotic threat mitigation are ideal case studies in Genotype (G) × Environment (E) × Management (M) interactions where superior cultivars (G) are grown in at-risk regions (E) and require unique approaches to management (M) for sustainable durum production. Transformational approaches to research are needed in order for agronomists, breeders and durum producers to overcome production constraints. Designing robust agronomic systems for durum demands scientific creativity and foresight based on a deep understanding of constitutive components and their innumerable interactions with each other and the environment. This encompasses development of durum production systems that suit specific agro-ecozones and close the yield gap between genetic potential and on-farm achieved yield. Advances in individual technologies (e.g., genetic improvements, new pesticides, seeding technologies) are of little benefit until they are melded into resilient G × E × M systems that will flourish in the field under unpredictable conditions of prairie farmlands. We explore how recent genetic progress and selected management innovations can lead to a resilient and transformative durum production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L. Beres
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Brian L. Beres,
| | - Elham Rahmani
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - John M. Clarke
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Patricio Grassini
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Curtis J. Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Charles M. Geddes
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Kenton D. Porker
- South Australia Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - William E. May
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Indian Head Research Station, Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - Joel K. Ransom
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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Saia S, Fragasso M, De Vita P, Beleggia R. Metabolomics Provides Valuable Insight for the Study of Durum Wheat: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3069-3085. [PMID: 30829031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is increasingly being applied in various fields offering a highly informative tool for high-throughput diagnostics. However, in plant sciences, metabolomics is underused, even though plant studies are relatively easy and cheap when compared to those on humans and animals. Despite their importance for human nutrition, cereals, and especially wheat, remain understudied from a metabolomics point of view. The metabolomics of durum wheat has been essentially neglected, although its genetic structure allows the inference of common mechanisms that can be extended to other wheat and cereal species. This review covers the present achievements in durum wheat metabolomics highlighting the connections with the metabolomics of other cereal species (especially bread wheat). We discuss the metabolomics data from various studies and their relationships to other "-omics" sciences, in terms of wheat genetics, abiotic and biotic stresses, beneficial microbes, and the characterization and use of durum wheat as feed, food, and food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Saia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 , Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia , Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 11 per Torino , Km 2,5, 13100 Vercelli , Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Fragasso
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 , Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia , Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 , Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia , Italy
| | - Romina Beleggia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 , Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia , Italy
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Rasche F, Blagodatskaya E, Emmerling C, Belz R, Musyoki MK, Zimmermann J, Martin K. A preview of perennial grain agriculture: knowledge gain from biotic interactions in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Rasche
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute); University of Hohenheim; 70593 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems; Georg-August University Göttingen; 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Regina Belz
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute); University of Hohenheim; 70593 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Mary K. Musyoki
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute); University of Hohenheim; 70593 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Judith Zimmermann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute); University of Hohenheim; 70593 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Konrad Martin
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute); University of Hohenheim; 70593 Stuttgart Germany
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Iannucci A, Fragasso M, Beleggia R, Nigro F, Papa R. Evolution of the Crop Rhizosphere: Impact of Domestication on Root Exudates in Tetraploid Wheat ( Triticum turgidum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2124. [PMID: 29326736 PMCID: PMC5733359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Domestication has induced major genetic changes in crop plants to satisfy human needs and as a consequence of adaptation to agroecosystems. This adaptation might have affected root exudate composition, which can influence the interactions in the rhizosphere. Here, using two different soil types (sand, soil), we provide an original example of the impact of domestication and crop evolution on root exudate composition through metabolite profiling of root exudates for a panel of 10 wheat genotypes that correspond to the key steps in domestication of tetraploid wheat (wild emmer, emmer, durum wheat). Our data show that soil type can dramatically affect the composition of root exudates in the rhizosphere. Moreover, the composition of the rhizosphere metabolites is associated with differences among the genotypes of the wheat domestication groups, as seen by the high heritability of some of the metabolites. Overall, we show that domestication and breeding have had major effects on root exudates in the rhizosphere, which suggests the adaptive nature of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Iannucci
- Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura e le Colture Industriali, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Fragasso
- Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura e le Colture Industriali, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy
| | - Romina Beleggia
- Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura e le Colture Industriali, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy
| | - Franca Nigro
- Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura e le Colture Industriali, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy
| | - Roberto Papa
- Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura e le Colture Industriali, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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8
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Chauhan BS, Matloob A, Mahajan G, Aslam F, Florentine SK, Jha P. Emerging Challenges and Opportunities for Education and Research in Weed Science. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1537. [PMID: 28928765 PMCID: PMC5591876 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In modern agriculture, with more emphasis on high input systems, weed problems are likely to increase and become more complex. With heightened awareness of adverse effects of herbicide residues on human health and environment and the evolution of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes, a significant focus within weed science has now shifted to the development of eco-friendly technologies with reduced reliance on herbicides. Further, with the large-scale adoption of herbicide-resistant crops, and uncertain climatic optima under climate change, the problems for weed science have become multi-faceted. To handle these complex weed problems, a holistic line of action with multi-disciplinary approaches is required, including adjustments to technology, management practices, and legislation. Improved knowledge of weed ecology, biology, genetics, and molecular biology is essential for developing sustainable weed control practices. Additionally, judicious use of advanced technologies, such as site-specific weed management systems and decision support modeling, will play a significant role in reducing costs associated with weed control. Further, effective linkages between farmers and weed researchers will be necessary to facilitate the adoption of technological developments. To meet these challenges, priorities in research need to be determined and the education system for weed science needs to be reoriented. In respect of the latter imperative, closer collaboration between weed scientists and other disciplines can help in defining and solving the complex weed management challenges of the 21st century. This consensus will provide more versatile and diverse approaches to innovative teaching and training practices, which will be needed to prepare future weed science graduates who are capable of handling the anticipated challenges of weed science facing in contemporary agriculture. To build this capacity, mobilizing additional funding for both weed research and weed management education is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagirath S. Chauhan
- The Centre for Plant Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
| | - Amar Matloob
- The Centre for Plant Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of AgricultureMultan, Pakistan
| | - Gulshan Mahajan
- The Centre for Plant Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
| | - Farhena Aslam
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan, Pakistan
| | - Singarayer K. Florentine
- Centre for Environmental Management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, BallaratVIC, Australia
| | - Prashant Jha
- Southern Agricultural Research Centre, Montana State University, BozemanMT, United States
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9
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Allelopathy in agro-ecosystems: a critical review of wheat allelopathy-concepts and implications. CHEMOECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-016-0225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Beleggia R, Menga V, Platani C, Nigro F, Fragasso M, Fares C. Metabolomic analysis can detect the composition of pasta enriched with fibre after cooking. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:3032-3041. [PMID: 26403803 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated that metabolomics has a definite place in food quality, nutritional value, and safety issues. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the metabolites in different pasta samples with fibre, and to investigate the modifications induced in these different kinds of pasta during cooking, using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach. RESULTS Differences were seen for some of the amino acids, which were absent in control pasta, while were present both in the commercially available high-fibre pasta (samples A-C) and the enriched pasta (samples D-F). The highest content in reducing sugars was observed in enriched samples in comparison with high-fibre pasta. The presence of stigmasterol in samples enriched with wheat bran was relevant. Cooking decreased all of the metabolites: the high-fibre pasta (A-C) and Control showed losses of amino acids and tocopherols, while for sugars and organic acids, the decrease depended on the pasta sample. The enriched pasta samples (D-F) showed the same decreases with the exception of phytosterols, and in pasta with barley the decrease of saturated fatty acids was not significant as for tocopherols in pasta with oat. Principal component analysis of the metabolites and the pasta discrimination was effective in differentiating the enriched pasta from the commercial pasta, both uncooked and cooked. CONCLUSIONS The study has established that such metabolomic analyses provide useful tools in the evaluation of the changes in nutritional compounds in high-fibre and enriched pasta, both before and after cooking. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Beleggia
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA) - Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CER), S.S. 673 km 25+200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Valeria Menga
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA) - Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CER), S.S. 673 km 25+200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Platani
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA) - Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CER), S.S. 673 km 25+200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Franca Nigro
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA) - Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CER), S.S. 673 km 25+200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Fragasso
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA) - Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CER), S.S. 673 km 25+200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Clara Fares
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA) - Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CER), S.S. 673 km 25+200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
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11
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Cheng F, Cheng Z. Research Progress on the use of Plant Allelopathy in Agriculture and the Physiological and Ecological Mechanisms of Allelopathy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1020. [PMID: 26635845 PMCID: PMC4647110 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathy is a common biological phenomenon by which one organism produces biochemicals that influence the growth, survival, development, and reproduction of other organisms. These biochemicals are known as allelochemicals and have beneficial or detrimental effects on target organisms. Plant allelopathy is one of the modes of interaction between receptor and donor plants and may exert either positive effects (e.g., for agricultural management, such as weed control, crop protection, or crop re-establishment) or negative effects (e.g., autotoxicity, soil sickness, or biological invasion). To ensure sustainable agricultural development, it is important to exploit cultivation systems that take advantage of the stimulatory/inhibitory influence of allelopathic plants to regulate plant growth and development and to avoid allelopathic autotoxicity. Allelochemicals can potentially be used as growth regulators, herbicides, insecticides, and antimicrobial crop protection products. Here, we reviewed the plant allelopathy management practices applied in agriculture and the underlying allelopathic mechanisms described in the literature. The major points addressed are as follows: (1) Description of management practices related to allelopathy and allelochemicals in agriculture. (2) Discussion of the progress regarding the mode of action of allelochemicals and the physiological mechanisms of allelopathy, consisting of the influence on cell micro- and ultra-structure, cell division and elongation, membrane permeability, oxidative and antioxidant systems, growth regulation systems, respiration, enzyme synthesis and metabolism, photosynthesis, mineral ion uptake, protein and nucleic acid synthesis. (3) Evaluation of the effect of ecological mechanisms exerted by allelopathy on microorganisms and the ecological environment. (4) Discussion of existing problems and proposal for future research directions in this field to provide a useful reference for future studies on plant allelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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12
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Ruisi P, Frangipane B, Amato G, Frenda AS, Plaia A, Giambalvo D, Saia S. Nitrogen uptake and nitrogen fertilizer recovery in old and modern wheat genotypes grown in the presence or absence of interspecific competition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:185. [PMID: 25859252 PMCID: PMC4373253 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Choosing genotypes with a high capacity for taking up nitrogen (N) from the soil and the ability to efficiently compete with weeds for this nutrient is essential to increasing the sustainability of cropping systems that are less dependent on auxiliary inputs. This research aimed to verify whether differences exist in N uptake and N fertilizer recovery capacity among wheat genotypes and, if so, whether these differences are related to a different competitive ability against weeds of wheat genotypes. To this end, 12 genotypes, varying widely in morphological traits and year of release, were grown in the presence or absence of interspecific competition (using Avena sativa L. as a surrogate weed). Isotopic tracer (15)N was used to measure the fertilizer N uptake efficiencies of the wheat genotypes and weed. A field experiment, a split-plot design with four replications, was conducted during two consecutive growing seasons in a typical Mediterranean environment. In the absence of interspecific competition, few differences in either total N uptake (range: 98-112 kg N ha(-1)) or the (15)N fertilizer recovery fraction (range: 30.0-36.7%) were observed among the wheat genotypes. The presence of competition, compared to competitor-free conditions, resulted in reductions in grain yield (49%), total N uptake (29%), and an (15)N fertilizer recovery fraction (32%) that were on average markedly higher in modern varieties than in old ones. Both biomass and grain reductions were strongly related to the biomass of the competitor (correlation coefficients > 0.95), which ranged from 135 to 573 g m(-2). Variations in both grain and biomass yield due to interspecific competition were significantly correlated with percentage of soil cover and leaf area at tillering, plant height at heading, and total N uptake, thus highlighting that the ability to take up N from the soil played a certain role in determining the different competitive abilities against weed of the genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ruisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | | | - Gaetano Amato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Alfonso S. Frenda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Plaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, Università degli Studi di PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Dario Giambalvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Saia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di PalermoPalermo, Italy
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