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Ierna A, Mauromicale G. How physicochemical and nutritional traits of potatoes may vary under field conditions over long periods. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:3842-3852. [PMID: 38233738 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potato is the most important non-grain crop worldwide, whose quality characteristics are always affected by temporal and spatial variability. Knowledge of the performance consistency of quality characteristics over long periods could prove very important to identify which quality traits are less variable over time, and therefore provide greater guarantees of stability. In this research, variations in physicochemical and nutritional traits of tubers over five consecutive growing seasons of two potato genotypes (Arizona and Vogue) were monitored in two locations. RESULTS Although qualitative performances of genotypes fluctuated across the seasons in both locations, two physicochemical traits (pH and dry matter content) and starch content showed less variability throughout the five seasons compared to total soluble solids and most of the nutritional traits (namely reducing sugars, citric acid, vitamin C, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity), which were considerably influenced by weather conditions. CONCLUSION The results suggest that pH, dry matter content and starch content traits could be used advantageously in studies of temporal stability in potatoes. This approach could prove useful in providing scientific support for the setup of potato protected geographical identifications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ierna
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council (CNR-IBE), Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mauromicale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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2
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Bellumori M, Innocenti M, Andrenelli L, Melani F, Cecchi L, Pandino G, Mauromicale G, La Malfa S, Mulinacci N. Composition of discarded Sicilian fruits of Opuntia ficus indica L.: Phenolic content, mineral profile and antioxidant activity in peel, seeds and whole fruit. Food Chem 2023; 428:136756. [PMID: 37413837 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Sicily (Italy) is the second producer of Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) fruits after Mexico. To date, huge quantities of fruit are discarded during the selection for the fresh market, generating a large amount of by-product to be valorized. This study aimed to investigate on the composition of OFI discarded fruits from the main Sicilian productive areas, over two harvesting periods. Peel, seeds and whole fruit samples were characterized in terms of minerals and phenolic compounds through ICP-OES and HPLC-DAD-MS. Potassium, calcium and magnesium were the most abundant elements and peel samples showed the highest values. Seventeen phenolic compounds were detected in peel and whole fruit, including flavonoids, phenylpyruvic and hydroxycinnamic acids, while only phenolic acids were found in the seeds. A multivariate chemometric approach highlighted a correlation between the mineral and phenolic content and the different parts of the fruit as well as a significant influence of productive area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bellumori
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Marzia Innocenti
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Luisa Andrenelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems Management (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale Delle Cascine 16, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Melani
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems Management (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale Delle Cascine 16, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pandino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mauromicale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano La Malfa
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Nadia Mulinacci
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy.
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Scavo A, Restuccia A, Bannò M, Mauromicale G. Differentiated Weed-Suppressive Ability of Modern and Old Durum Wheat Cultivars after Long-Term Cultivation under Semi-Arid Climate. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11233368. [PMID: 36501407 PMCID: PMC9740833 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. durum) is one of the most important grain crops cultivated across the Mediterranean Basin, where a strong return to local landraces cultivation is occurring to meet the market demand for high-quality food and low-input cropping systems. A characterisation of the long-term effect (10 years) of durum wheat landraces and modern cultivars on the potential and real weed flora is still lacking. Hence, a multilocation trial over 10 farms in Central-Eastern Sicily was carried out to investigate the repeated cultivation of several old landraces (OLD) and modern cultivars (MOD) on the abundance and diversity of weed flora. Overall, OLD was associated with a 47% reduction of the soil seedbank size and to -64% of the aboveground weed biomass compared to MOD. In addition, diversity indices pointed out a high similarity between MOD and OLD farm groups for the soil seedbank, while a lower diversity was found in OLD for aboveground weed communities. From the principal component analysis emerged that the species compositions of MOD and OLD were quite separated for both soil seedbank and real flora, with the latter showing few specific associations with major weeds. These findings demonstrated the indirect effect of durum wheat landraces in sustainably reducing weed pressure without the adoption of chemical weed control.
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Scavo A, Pandino G, Restuccia A, Caruso P, Lombardo S, Mauromicale G. Allelopathy in Durum Wheat Landraces as Affected by Genotype and Plant Part. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11081021. [PMID: 35448748 PMCID: PMC9026900 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat is one of the largest cultivated crops across Mediterranean areas. The high demand for sustainable crop productions, especially concerning weed management, is driving the return to local landraces. In the present work, the in vitro allelopathic effects of the extracts of three durum wheat landraces ('Timilia', 'Russello' and 'Perciasacchi') and a modern variety ('Mongibello'), obtained from three different plant parts (ears, stems and roots), were tested on seed germination (G) and mean germination time (MGT) of Portulaca oleracea L. and Stellaria. media (L.) Vill., two weeds commonly infesting wheat fields. In addition, the total polyphenol (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) content of extracts was determined. All extracts reduced G and increased MGT in both weeds compared to the control. The magnitude of phytotoxicity was strongly affected by the influence of genotype, plant part and extract dilution. Overall, the landraces 'Timilia' and 'Russello' showed the highest allelopathic effects, ear extracts were the most active, and the maximum extract dilution induced higher phytotoxicity. Extracts' TPC and TFC corroborated these results. The findings obtained here encourage the use of local landraces as a source of allelochemicals and suggest that they could be left on soil surface or soil-incorporated after harvest for a possible weed control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaetano Pandino
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (S.L.); Tel.: +39-0954783449 (G.P.); +39-0954783421 (S.L.)
| | | | | | - Sara Lombardo
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (S.L.); Tel.: +39-0954783449 (G.P.); +39-0954783421 (S.L.)
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Lombardo S, Restuccia A, Abbate C, Anastasi U, Fontanazza S, Scavo A, Guarnaccia P, La Malfa S, Pandino G, Mauromicale G. Trifolium subterraneum cover cropping for improving the nutritional status of a Mediterranean apricot orchard. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3767-3777. [PMID: 33300619 DOI: 10.1007/s13593-021-00721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utilization of Trifolium subterraneum L. cover crops may represent an innovative and efficient option in low-input and organic farming, especially in Mediterranean agroecosystems where low and irregular rainfall require frequent soil tillage and use of herbicides to reduce moisture losses and weed competitiveness. Since imbalances of soil macro- and micro-nutrients due to cover cropping establishment could be responsible for numerous problems in specialized orchards, such as disturbances in the normal tree growth and quality of fruits, the objective of this study was to investigate, the cumulative effects of a 3-years established T. subterraneum cover cropping, compared with a spontaneous flora and a conventional management (as a control), on the levels of mineral nutrients in the apricot leaves and fruits. RESULTS Our findings indicated that T. subterraneum cover cropping tended to stimulate higher leaf macro- and micro-nutrients content than conventional management and flora spontaneous cover cropping. In addition, the presence of T. subterraneum cover cropping, especially with the incorporation of dead mulches into the soil, increased the content of potassium (K), nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in apricot fruits. CONCLUSION Taking also into account the effects of T. subterraneum cover cropping on both the reduction of soil weed and enhancement of bacteria communities involved in the soil N-cycle, we may suggest its application in Mediterranean orchards as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic herbicides for weed control and mineral N fertilizers, while enhancing the apricot tree nutritional status and fruit quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lombardo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Restuccia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Abbate
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Umberto Anastasi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Fontanazza
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aurelio Scavo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Guarnaccia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano La Malfa
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pandino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mauromicale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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6
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Lombardo S, Restuccia A, Abbate C, Anastasi U, Fontanazza S, Scavo A, Guarnaccia P, La Malfa S, Pandino G, Mauromicale G. Trifolium subterraneum cover cropping for improving the nutritional status of a Mediterranean apricot orchard. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3767-3777. [PMID: 33300619 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utilization of Trifolium subterraneum L. cover crops may represent an innovative and efficient option in low-input and organic farming, especially in Mediterranean agroecosystems where low and irregular rainfall require frequent soil tillage and use of herbicides to reduce moisture losses and weed competitiveness. Since imbalances of soil macro- and micro-nutrients due to cover cropping establishment could be responsible for numerous problems in specialized orchards, such as disturbances in the normal tree growth and quality of fruits, the objective of this study was to investigate, the cumulative effects of a 3-years established T. subterraneum cover cropping, compared with a spontaneous flora and a conventional management (as a control), on the levels of mineral nutrients in the apricot leaves and fruits. RESULTS Our findings indicated that T. subterraneum cover cropping tended to stimulate higher leaf macro- and micro-nutrients content than conventional management and flora spontaneous cover cropping. In addition, the presence of T. subterraneum cover cropping, especially with the incorporation of dead mulches into the soil, increased the content of potassium (K), nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in apricot fruits. CONCLUSION Taking also into account the effects of T. subterraneum cover cropping on both the reduction of soil weed and enhancement of bacteria communities involved in the soil N-cycle, we may suggest its application in Mediterranean orchards as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic herbicides for weed control and mineral N fertilizers, while enhancing the apricot tree nutritional status and fruit quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lombardo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Restuccia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Abbate
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Umberto Anastasi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Fontanazza
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aurelio Scavo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Guarnaccia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano La Malfa
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pandino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mauromicale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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7
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Scavo A, Rial C, Molinillo JMG, Varela RM, Mauromicale G, Macı As FA. Effect of Shading on the Sesquiterpene Lactone Content and Phytotoxicity of Cultivated Cardoon Leaf Extracts. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:11946-11953. [PMID: 33052675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The work described here follows on from a previous study focused on the influence of the genotype and harvest time on the sesquiterpene lactone (STL) profile of Cynara cardunculus L. leaf extracts. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect that 60% plant shading in cultivated cardoon (C. cardunculus var. altilis) leaf extracts harvested in winter and spring had on the composition of STLs and the phytotoxicity. The phytotoxicity of leaf extracts was evaluated by assessing wheat coleoptile elongation along with seed germination and the root and shoot length of the weeds Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Portulaca oleracea L. Shading increased the production of STLs in spring, and this effect correlated positively with the phytotoxic activity. The induction of shading can therefore be used to modulate STL concentrations and their phytotoxic potential in cultivated cardoon leaves for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Scavo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, via Valdisavoia, 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carlos Rial
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui n° 7, Puerto Real, Cadiz 11510, Spain
| | - José M G Molinillo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui n° 7, Puerto Real, Cadiz 11510, Spain
| | - Rosa M Varela
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui n° 7, Puerto Real, Cadiz 11510, Spain
| | - Giovanni Mauromicale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, via Valdisavoia, 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Francisco Antonio Macı As
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui n° 7, Puerto Real, Cadiz 11510, Spain
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Cristaldi A, Oliveri Conti G, Cosentino SL, Mauromicale G, Copat C, Grasso A, Zuccarello P, Fiore M, Restuccia C, Ferrante M. Phytoremediation potential of Arundo donax (Giant Reed) in contaminated soil by heavy metals. Environ Res 2020; 185:109427. [PMID: 32247150 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution from heavy metals poses a serious risk for environment and public health. Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and cheaper alternative compared to chemical-physical techniques. We carried out in vitro tests where three microorganisms Trichoderma harzianum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Wickerhamomyces anomalus were exposed to eight different heavy metals (one metal at a time) in order to evaluate resistance, growth and bioaccumulation capability for each metal (Ni, Cd, Cu, V, Zn, As, Pb, Hg). Taking into account the natural characteristics of T. harzianum, (resistance to environmental stress, resistance to pathogenic fungi, ability to establish symbiotic relationships with superior green plants) and the good bioaccumulation capacity for V, As, Cd, Hg, Pb shown after in vitro tests, it was chosen as a microorganism to be used in greenhouse tests. Controlled exposure tests were performed in greenhouse, where Arundo donax and mycorrhized Arundo donax with T. harzianum were exposed for 7 months at two different doses (L1 and L2) of a heavy metal mix, so as to assess whether the symbiotic association could improve the bioaccumulation capability of the superior green plant A. donax. Heavy metals were determined with ICP-MS. The average bioaccumulation percentage values of A. donax for L1 and L2 were, respectively: Ni (31%, 26%); Cd (35%, 50%); Cu (30%, 35%); As (19%, 27%); Pb (18%, 14%); Hg (42%, 45%); V (39%, 26%); Zn (23%, 9%). The average bioaccumulation percentage values of mycorrhized A. donax with T. harzianum for L1 and L2 were, respectively: Ni (27%, 38%); Cd (44%, 42%); Cu (36%, 29%); As (17%, 23%); Pb (37%, 54%); Hg (44%, 60%); V (16%, 20%); Zn (14%, 7%). A. donax showed the highest BAF (bioaccumulation factor) for Cd (0.50), Cu (0.35), As (0.27) and Hg (0.45) after exposure to L2; mycorrhized A. donax with T. harzianum showed the highest BAF for Ni (0.38), Cd (0.42), Pb (0.54) and Hg (0.60) after exposure to L2. A. donax showed the highest TF (translocation factor) values for Cd (0.28) and Hg (0.26) after exposition at L1 and L2 respectively; A. donax mycorrhized with T. harzianum showed the highest TF values for Cd (0.70), As (0.56), V (0.24), Pb (0.18) after exposition at L2, and Zn (0.30) after exposition at L1. Our study showed a good growth capability in contaminated soils and a good bioaccumulation capability of heavy metals, both for A. donax and mycorrhized A. donax with T. harzianum. Furthermore, for three metals (Ni, Pb and Hg) the bioaccumulation capability was improved by the symbiosis of T. harzianum with A. donax. So, these results proved the suitability both for A. donax and mycorrhized A. donax with T. harzianum for phytoremediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cristaldi
- Environmental and Food Laboratories (LIAA), Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Laboratories (LIAA), Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanni Mauromicale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Copat
- Environmental and Food Laboratories (LIAA), Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - Alfina Grasso
- Environmental and Food Laboratories (LIAA), Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - Pietro Zuccarello
- Environmental and Food Laboratories (LIAA), Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Fiore
- Environmental and Food Laboratories (LIAA), Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Restuccia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Laboratories (LIAA), Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
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Rizzo V, Lombardo S, Pandino G, Barbagallo RN, Mazzaglia A, Restuccia C, Mauromicale G, Muratore G. Shelf-life study of ready-to-cook slices of globe artichoke 'Spinoso sardo': effects of anti-browning solutions and edible coating enriched with Foeniculum vulgare essential oil. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:5219-5228. [PMID: 31049967 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The globe artichoke [Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori] is a natural source of minerals, fiber, inulin, and polyphenols. A ready-to-cook (RTC) version of this product could improve its commercialization and consumption. In this study, the effects of (i) anti-browning treatments (citric acid 0.5% + ascorbic acid 2%, or cysteine 0.5%, w/v) and (ii) dipping in locust bean gum (LBG) edible coating with or without Foeniculum vulgare essential oil (EO) were evaluated on RTC globe artichoke slices cv. 'Spinoso sardo' during storage (11 days at 4 °C). Fresh weight loss, color, texture, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), microbiological and chemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, and sensory descriptors were determined. RESULTS The results showed that, despite the antioxidant treatment used, when EO was added to LBG, all microbiological groups underwent an average reduction of 0.50 log CFU g-1 . Cysteine preserved the antioxidant capacity, color, and texture of samples better than citric acid and ascorbic acid, and inhibited PPO; the addition of EO to LBG enhanced these effects. At the end of the storage period, the overall highest sensory attribute score was attained by the coated globe artichoke samples with EO. CONCLUSION The marked efficacy of the LBG edible coating with added F. vulgare EO in maintaining microbiological, physical, chemical, and sensory qualities makes it a promising processing tool for the preservation of ready-to-cook Spinoso sardo globe artichoke slices during storage for 11 days at 4 °C. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rizzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sara Lombardo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pandino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo N Barbagallo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Mazzaglia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Restuccia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mauromicale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Muratore
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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10
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Scavo A, Rial C, Varela RM, Molinillo JMG, Mauromicale G, Macias FA. Influence of Genotype and Harvest Time on the Cynara cardunculus L. Sesquiterpene Lactone Profile. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:6487-6496. [PMID: 31094509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The excessive and inappropriate application of herbicides has caused environmental pollution. The use of allelochemicals as bioherbicides could provide a solution to this problem. The allelopathic activity of Cynara cardunculus L. has been studied previously, and sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) were identified as the most relevant allelochemicals. The goal of the study reported here was to investigate the effect of six genotypes and three harvest times on the qualitative and quantitative composition of STLs in C. cardunculus leaves through a new ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis method and, thus, the effect on phytotoxicity. Overall, wild cardoon contained the highest levels of STLs of the three botanical varieties studied. Nevertheless, climatic conditions had a marked influence on the presence of STLs among the six genotypes, which was higher in the April harvest. Cynaropicrin was the most abundant STL detected. A close relationship was found between the STL profiles and the allelopathic activity, expressed as inhibition of wheat coleoptile elongation. The data provide a new and important contribution to our understanding of C. cardunculus allelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Scavo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A) , University of Catania , Via Valdisavoia 5 , 95123 Catania , Italy
| | - Carlos Rial
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science , University of Cádiz , Calle República Saharaui 7 , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Varela
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science , University of Cádiz , Calle República Saharaui 7 , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
| | - José Maria Gonzalez Molinillo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science , University of Cádiz , Calle República Saharaui 7 , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
| | - Giovanni Mauromicale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A) , University of Catania , Via Valdisavoia 5 , 95123 Catania , Italy
| | - Francisco Antonio Macias
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science , University of Cádiz , Calle República Saharaui 7 , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
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Pesce GR, Mauromicale G. Cynara cardunculus L.: Historical and Economic Importance, Botanical Descriptions, Genetic Resources and Traditional Uses. Compendium of Plant Genomes 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20012-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Scavo A, Restuccia A, Mauromicale G. Allelopathy: Principles and Basic Aspects for Agroecosystem Control. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 28 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90309-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lombardo S, Pandino G, Mauromicale G. The effect on tuber quality of an organic versus a conventional cultivation system in the early crop potato. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lombardo S, Pandino G, Mauromicale G. Minerals profile of two globe artichoke cultivars as affected by NPK fertilizer regimes. Food Res Int 2017; 100:95-99. [PMID: 28888464 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Globe artichoke is a proven source of various minerals (such as K, Fe and Zn) in the Mediterranean diet, but their content in response to fertilizer regime has not yet been investigated sufficiently. Thus, we monitored the effect of two contrasting nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium (NPK) fertilizer regimes (one balanced and the other excessive) on the minerals accumulation of 'Apollo' and 'Tema 2000' cultivars, grown in three Sicilian locations ('Landolina', 'Iannarello' and 'Zotto') - South Italy. Except for total nitrogen, the balanced fertilizer regime favoured the accumulation of both macro- and micro-minerals, but with a different extent depending especially on trial location. Particularly, plants grown at 'Iannarello' responded more strongly to the fertilizer regime with respect to K, P, Ca, Fe and Zn accumulation, as a result of its different soil characteristics than the other locations. Providing a balanced supply of nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium via fertilization can enhance the nutritive value of globe artichoke, but taking into account especially soil characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pandino
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mauromicale
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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Licciardello F, Pandino G, Barbagallo RN, Lombardo S, Restuccia C, Muratore G, Mazzaglia A, Strano MG, Mauromicale G. Quality traits of ready-to-use globe artichoke slices as affected by genotype, harvest time and storage time. Part II: Physiological, microbiological and sensory aspects. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pandino G, Barbagallo R, Lombardo S, Restuccia C, Muratore G, Licciardello F, Mazzaglia A, Ricceri J, Pesce G, Mauromicale G. Quality traits of ready-to-use globe artichoke slices as affected by genotype, harvest time and storage time. Part I: Biochemical and physical aspects. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lombardo S, Restuccia C, Muratore G, Barbagallo RN, Licciardello F, Pandino G, Scifò GO, Mazzaglia A, Ragonese F, Mauromicale G. Effect of nitrogen fertilisation on the overall quality of minimally processed globe artichoke heads. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:650-658. [PMID: 27144811 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although nitrogen (N) fertilisation is essential for promoting crop yield, it may also affect the produce quality. Here, the influence of three N fertiliser rates (0 kg ha-1 as a control, 200 kg ha-1 and 400 kg ha-1 referred to as N0 , N200 and N400, respectively) on the overall quality of minimally processed globe artichoke heads was investigated during refrigerated storage for 12 days. RESULTS Throughout the storage time, N fertilised samples had higher inulin contents than those unfertilised. In addition, the respiratory quotient of N200 and N400 samples was 2-fold and 2.5-fold lower than N0 ones, whose values were close to the normal range for vegetables. All the samples reported good microbiological standards, although N200 and N400 achieved lower mesophilic and psychotropic counts than N0 throughout the storage time. After 8 and 12 days of refrigerated storage, the N200 samples showed the highest scores of positive sensory descriptors. CONCLUSION A fertiliser level of 200 kg N ha-1 is suitable for obtaining minimally processed globe artichoke heads with good nutritional, sensory and microbiological quality, characterised by low endogenous oxidase activities. Proper packaging systems and procedures are, however, crucial for extending the product shelf-life and, thus, promoting its exportation on a wider scale. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lombardo
- Di3A - Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 98, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Restuccia
- Di3A - Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 98, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Muratore
- Di3A - Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 98, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo N Barbagallo
- Di3A - Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 98, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Licciardello
- Di3A - Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 98, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pandino
- Di3A - Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 98, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanna O Scifò
- Di3A - Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 98, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Mazzaglia
- Di3A - Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 98, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragonese
- Di3A - Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 98, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mauromicale
- Di3A - Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 98, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Scaglione D, Reyes-Chin-Wo S, Acquadro A, Froenicke L, Portis E, Beitel C, Tirone M, Mauro R, Lo Monaco A, Mauromicale G, Faccioli P, Cattivelli L, Rieseberg L, Michelmore R, Lanteri S. Corrigendum: The genome sequence of the outbreeding globe artichoke constructed de novo incorporating a phase-aware low-pass sequencing strategy of F1 progeny. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25323. [PMID: 27212460 PMCID: PMC4876515 DOI: 10.1038/srep25323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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Muratore G, Restuccia C, Licciardello F, Lombardo S, Pandino G, Mauromicale G. Effect of packaging film and antibrowning solution on quality maintenance of minimally processed globe artichoke heads. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lombardo S, Pandino G, Mauromicale G. The nutraceutical response of two globe artichoke cultivars to contrasting NPK fertilizer regimes. Food Res Int 2015; 76:852-859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lombardo S, Restuccia C, Pandino G, Licciardello F, Muratore G, Mauromicale G. Influence of an O3-atmosphere storage on microbial growth and antioxidant contents of globe artichoke as affected by genotype and harvest time. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Restuccia C, Lombardo S, Pandino G, Licciardello F, Muratore G, Mauromicale G. An innovative combined water ozonisation/O3-atmosphere storage for preserving the overall quality of two globe artichoke cultivars. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pandino G, Lombardo S, Moglia A, Portis E, Lanteri S, Mauromicale G. Leaf polyphenol profile and SSR-based fingerprinting of new segregant Cynara cardunculus genotypes. Front Plant Sci 2014; 5:800. [PMID: 25653660 PMCID: PMC4300902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The dietary value of many plant polyphenols lies in the protection given against degenerative pathologies. Their in planta role is associated with the host's defense response against biotic and abiotic stress. The polyphenol content of a given plant tissue is strongly influenced by the growing environment, but is also genetically determined. Plants belonging to the Cynara cardunculus species (globe artichoke and the cultivated and wild cardoon) accumulate substantial quantities of polyphenols mainly mono and di-caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) in their foliage. Transgressive segregation for CQA content in an F1 population bred from a cross between a globe artichoke and a cultivated cardoon led to the selection of eight segregants which accumulated more CQA in their leaves than did those of either of their parental genotypes. The selections were grown over two seasons to assess their polyphenol profile (CQAs, apigenin and luteolin derivatives and narirutin), and were also fingerprinted using a set of 217 microsatellite markers. The growing environment exerted a strong effect on polyphenol content, but two of the selections were able to accumulate up to an order of magnitude more CQA than either parent in both growing seasons. Since the species is readily vegetatively propagable, such genotypes can be straightforwardly exploited as a source of pharmaceutically valuable compounds, while their SSR-based fingerprinting will allow the genetic identity of clonally propagated material to be easily verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Pandino
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente Università degli Studi di CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Sara Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente Università degli Studi di CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Andrea Moglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di TorinoGrugliasco, Italy
- *Correspondence: Andrea Moglia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy e-mail:
| | - Ezio Portis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di TorinoGrugliasco, Italy
| | - Sergio Lanteri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di TorinoGrugliasco, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mauromicale
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente Università degli Studi di CataniaCatania, Italy
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Lombardo S, Pandino G, Mauromicale G. The influence of growing environment on the antioxidant and mineral content of “early” crop potato. J Food Compost Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pandino G, Lombardo S, Lo Monaco A, Mauromicale G. Choice of time of harvest influences the polyphenol profile of globe artichoke. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Lombardo S, Pandino G, Mauromicale G. Nutritional and sensory characteristics of “early” potato cultivars under organic and conventional cultivation systems. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pandino G, Lombardo S, Mauromicale G. Chemical and morphological characteristics of new clones and commercial varieties of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus). Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2011; 66:291-7. [PMID: 21792680 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-011-0247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The globe artichoke is a widely consumed vegetable in the Mediterranean Basin, with Italy being the leading producer. In southern Italy, its cultivation contributes to local economic stability and social development. The producers are increasingly choosing to replace autochthonous varieties, such as 'Violetto di Sicilia', with cultivars bred or selected outside of the region, putting pressure on the maintenance of traditional varieties. Here, we have undertaken a detailed morphological and chemical analysis of a group of clones selected from a population of 'Violetto di Sicilia'. All the traits measured displayed genetic variation, particularly the total content of phenolics and minerals. The capitula of the 'Violetto di Sicilia' clones contained, on average, 6.3 g kg(-1) of fresh weight total phenolics, compared with 4.5 g kg(-1) in the two commercial varieties. The clones also had more inulin than commercial varieties (254 vs. 225 g kg(-1) of dry matter), as well as a good mineral content. The set of clones is of interest in the context of the proposed improvement of the crop through breeding and selection of genotypes with high nutritional quality and a specific end-use (industrial processing or fresh consumption).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Pandino
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agrarie e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Pandino G, Lombardo S, Mauromicale G, Williamson G. Phenolic acids and flavonoids in leaf and floral stem of cultivated and wild Cynara cardunculus L. genotypes. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pandino G, Lombardo S, Mauromicale G, Williamson G. Profile of polyphenols and phenolic acids in bracts and receptacles of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) germplasm. J Food Compost Anal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pandino G, Lombardo S, Mauromicale G. Mineral profile in globe artichoke as affected by genotype, head part and environment. J Sci Food Agric 2011; 91:302-308. [PMID: 20954162 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The globe artichoke is an important vegetable, widely consumed in the Mediterranean Basin, and is spreading also to other parts of the world. The mineral profile of globe artichoke has been very little investigated. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the content of some essential macrominerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and microminerals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn) in nine genotypes of globe artichoke in relation to different head parts (bracts and receptacle), locations and seasons. RESULTS The mineral profile was significantly affected by genotype, head fraction, location and season. Great variation was found among studied genotypes. 'Blanc Hyerois', Harmony F1', 'Madrigal F1' and 'Violetto di Provenza' showed high levels of both macro- and micromineral content. In particular, these, as well as other genotypes, had a higher content in the receptacle (edible part) than in the bracts. The globe artichoke had a high level of K and mainly, compared to some vegetables, low Na/K ratio, which is important in preventing hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained partially improve the lack of data in the literature and this knowledge could be used to develop different crop managements and/or breeding programmes to improve the mineral composition, and thereby enhance human nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Pandino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agronomiche, Agrochimiche e delle Produzioni Animali, Sezione Scienze Agronomiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Lombardo S, Pandino G, Mauromicale G, Knödler M, Carle R, Schieber A. Influence of genotype, harvest time and plant part on polyphenolic composition of globe artichoke [Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori]. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Todaro A, Peluso O, Catalano AE, Mauromicale G, Spagna G. Polyphenol oxidase activity from three sicilian artichoke [ Cynara cardunculus L. Var. scolymus L. (Fiori)] cultivars: studies and technological application on minimally processed production. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:1714-1718. [PMID: 20073467 DOI: 10.1021/jf903399b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Several papers helped with the development of more methods to control browning, or study thermal polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inactivation, but did not provide any solutions to technological process problems and food process improvement. Artichokes [ Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus L. (Fiori)] are susceptible to browning; this alteration could affect and reduce the suitability for its use, fresh or processed. Within this study, the catecholase and cresolase activities of PPO from three different Sicilian artichokes cultivar were characterized with regard to substrate specificity and enzyme kinetics, optimum pH and temperature, temperature and pH stability, and inhibitor test; all of the results were used for technological purposes, particularly to optimize minimally processed productions (ready-to-eat and cook-chilled artichokes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Todaro
- Dipartimento di Orto-Floro-Arboricoltura e Tecnologie Agroalimentari, Universita di Catania, via S Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Pandino G, Courts FL, Lombardo S, Mauromicale G, Williamson G. Caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids in the immature inflorescence of globe artichoke, wild cardoon, and cultivated cardoon. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:1026-31. [PMID: 20028012 DOI: 10.1021/jf903311j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The species Cynara cardunculus is consumed as part of the Mediterranean diet and consists of the globe artichoke [var. scolymus (L.) Fiori], the cultivated cardoon (var. altilis DC.), and the wild cardoon [var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori]. The objective of this study was to investigate, in immature inflorescences, the main flavonoids and phenolic acids (caffeoylquinic acids, apigenin, and luteolin derivatives) by HPLC/diode array detection/mass spectrometry. Apigenin derivatives represented the major class in all samples investigated, highest in cardoon forms. Caffeoylquinic acids and luteolin derivatives were observed in var. scolymus only. Data allowed discrimination of globe artichoke from the related species on the basis of the profile of compounds analyzed. Our results suggest the possible use of cultivated and wild cardoon as a source of phenolic acids and flavonoids and indicate that artichoke consumption is an excellent dietary source of apigenin and other flavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Pandino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agronomiche, Agrochimiche e delle Produzioni Animali, Sezione Scienze Agronomiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Portis E, Mauromicale G, Mauro R, Acquadro A, Scaglione D, Lanteri S. Construction of a reference molecular linkage map of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus). Theor Appl Genet 2009; 120:59-70. [PMID: 19787331 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-1159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The genome organization of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus), unlike other species belonging to Asteraceae (=Compositae) family (i.e. sunflower, lettuce and chicory), remains largely unexplored. The species is highly heterozygous and suffers marked inbreeding depression when forced to self-fertilize. Thus a two-way pseudo-testcross represents the optimal strategy for linkage analysis. Here, we report linkage maps based on the progeny of a cross between globe artichoke (C. cardunculus var. scolymus) and cultivated cardoon (C. cardunculus var. altilis). The population was genotyped using a variety of PCR-based marker platforms, resulting in the identification of 708 testcross markers suitable for map construction. The male map consisted of 177 loci arranged in 17 major linkage groups, spanning 1,015.5 cM, while female map was built with 326 loci arranged into 20 major linkage groups, spanning 1,486.8 cM. The presence of 84 loci shared between these maps and those previously developed from a cross within globe artichoke allowed for map alignment and the definition of 17 homologous linkage groups, corresponding to the haploid number of the species. This will provide a favourable property for QTL scanning; furthermore, as 25 mapped markers (8%) correspond to coding regions, it has an additional value as functional map and might represent an important genetic tool for candidate gene studies in globe artichoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Portis
- DIVAPRA Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, via L. da Vinci 44, 10095, Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
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Barbagallo R, Chisari M, Spagna G, Ierna A, Patanè A, Occhipinti A, Mauromicale G. CASEINOLYTIC ACTIVITY EXPRESSION IN FLOWERS OF CYNARA CARDUNCULUS L. Acta Hortic 2007:195-199. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2007.730.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Lanteri S, Acquadro A, Comino C, Mauro R, Mauromicale G, Portis E. A first linkage map of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) based on AFLP, S-SAP, M-AFLP and microsatellite markers. Theor Appl Genet 2006; 112:1532-42. [PMID: 16565844 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We present the first genetic maps of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L. 2n=2x=34), constructed with a two-way pseudo-testcross strategy. A F1 mapping population of 94 individuals was generated between a late-maturing, non-spiny type and an early-maturing spiny type. The 30 AFLP, 13 M-AFLP and 9 S-SAP primer combinations chosen identified, respectively, 352, 38 and 41 polymorphic markers. Of 32 microsatellite primer pairs tested, 12 identified heterozygous loci in one or other parent, and 7 were fully informative as they segregated in both parents. The female parent map comprised 204 loci, spread over 18 linkage groups and spanned 1330.5 cM with a mean marker density of 6.5 cM. The equivalent figures for the male parent map were 180 loci, 17 linkage groups, 1239.4 and 6.9 cM. About 3% of the AFLP and AFLP-derived markers displayed segregation distortion with a P value below 0.01, and were not used for map construction. All the SSR loci were included in the linkage analysis, although one locus did show some segregation distortion. The presence of 78 markers in common to both maps allowed the alignment of 16 linkage groups. The maps generated provide a firm basis for the mapping of agriculturally relevant traits, which will then open the way for the application of a marker-assisted selection breeding strategy in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lanteri
- Di.Va.P.R.A. Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Turin, via L. da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
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Ierna A, Mauromicale G, Licandro P. YIELD AND HARVEST TIME OF GLOBE ARTICHOKE IN RELATION TO NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2006.700.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Foti S, Mauromicale G, Ierna A. RESPONSE OF SEED-GROWN GLOBE ARTICHOKE TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND WATER SUPPLIES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2005.681.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mauromicale G, Licandro P. Salinity and temperature effects on germination, emergence and seedling growth of globe
artichoke. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1051/agro:2002011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mauromicale G, Restuccia G, Marchese M. Soil solarization, a non-chemical technique
for controlling Orobanche crenata
and improving yield of faba bean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1051/agro:2001167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Mauromicale G, Ierna A. Characteristics of heads of seed-grown globe artichoke [Cynara cardunculus L. var.
scolymus (L.) Fiori] as affected by harvest period, sowing date
and gibberellic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1051/agro:2000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Mauromicale G, Restuccia G, Marchese M. Germination response and viability of Orobanche crenata Forsk. seeds subjected to temperature treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1071/ar99125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Orobanche crenata is a chlorophyll-lacking holoparasite
that subsists on the roots of plants, inflicting severe damage to legume crops
(broad bean, pea, lentil, vetch, grass pea, chickpea) in the Mediterranean and
Middle East regions. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the
effects of high temperatures [20˚C (control), 38˚C, 40˚C,
42˚C, or 44 0.5˚C] on seed germination of
O. crenata in relation to different duration of
temperature treatments (12 or 24 h), seed age (57 or 94 months), and root
extracts (Vicia faba major cv. 45 NS and
V. faba minor cv. Sikelia). The seed viability response
to temperature (20–100˚C) in relation to 2 seed ages (57 or 93
months) was also investigated. The increase in temperature exposure of seed
from 20˚C to 30˚C, 40˚C, 42˚C, and 44˚C determined a
significantly progressive reduction in the germination percentage, which was
21, 13, 6, 0, and 0%, respectively. This reduction in germination was
due mainly to an increase in the secondary dormancy, since viability of the
same seed, checked by tetrazolium test, ranged between 60% and
99%. Seed viability linearly decreased with increasing seed exposure
temperature until reaching zero at 80˚C.
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Mauromicale G, Ierna A. Effects of gibberellic acid and sowing date on harvest time and yields of seed-grown globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1051/agro:19950902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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