1
|
Song Y, Wang F, Chen L, Zhang W. Engineering Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Microalgae: Recent Progress and Perspectives. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:216. [PMID: 38786607 PMCID: PMC11122798 DOI: 10.3390/md22050216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgal lipids hold significant potential for the production of biodiesel and dietary supplements. To enhance their cost-effectiveness and commercial competitiveness, it is imperative to improve microalgal lipid productivity. Metabolic engineering that targets the key enzymes of the fatty acid synthesis pathway, along with transcription factor engineering, are effective strategies for improving lipid productivity in microalgae. This review provides a summary of the advancements made in the past 5 years in engineering the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway in eukaryotic microalgae. Furthermore, this review offers insights into transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and transcription factor engineering aimed at enhancing lipid production in eukaryotic microalgae. Finally, the review discusses the challenges and future perspectives associated with utilizing microalgae for the efficient production of lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Song
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.S.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fangzhong Wang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.S.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.S.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.S.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen D, Li D, Li Z, Song Y, Li Q, Wang L, Zhou D, Xie F, Li Y. Legume nodulation and nitrogen fixation require interaction of DnaJ-like protein and lipid transfer protein. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2164-2179. [PMID: 37610417 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The lipid transport protein (LTP) product of the AsE246 gene of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) contributes to the transport of plant-synthesized lipids to the symbiosome membranes (SMs) that are required for nodule organogenesis in this legume. However, the mechanisms used by nodule-specific LTPs remain unknown. In this study, a functional protein in the DnaJ-like family, designated AsDJL1, was identified and shown to interact with AsE246. Immunofluorescence showed that AsDJL1 was expressed in infection threads (ITs) and in nodule cells and that it co-localized with rhizobium, and an immunoelectron microscopy assay localized the protein to SMs. Via co-transformation into Nicotiana benthamiana cells, AsDJL1 and AsE246 displayed subcellular co-localization in the cells of this heterologous host. Co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that AsDJL1 interacted with AsE246 in nodules. The essential interacting region of AsDJL1 was determined to be the zinc finger domain at its C-terminus. Chinese milk vetch plants transfected with AsDJL1-RNAi had significantly decreased numbers of ITs, nodule primordia and nodules as well as reduced (by 83%) nodule nitrogenase activity compared with the controls. By contrast, AsDJL1 overexpression led to increased nodule fresh weight and nitrogenase activity. RNAi-AsDJL1 also significantly affected the abundance of lipids, especially digalactosyldiacylglycerol, in early-infected roots and transgenic nodules. Taken together, the results of this study provide insights into the symbiotic functions of AsDJL1, which may participate in lipid transport to SMs and play an essential role in rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dasong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dongzhi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuting Song
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Donglai Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fuli Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youguo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun M, Liu X, Zhang B, Yu W, Xiao Y, Peng F. Lipid Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal That Phosphatidylcholine Enhanced the Resistance of Peach Seedlings to Salt Stress through Phosphatidic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37262364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major conlinet limiting sustainable agricultural development in peach tree industry. In this study, lipid metabolomic pathway analysis indicated that phosphatidic acid is essential for root resistance to salt stress in peach seedlings. Through functional annotation analysis of differentially expressed genes in transcriptomics, we found that MAPK signaling pathway is closely related to peach tree resistance to salt stress, wherein PpMPK6 expression is significantly upregulated. Under salt conditions, the OE-PpMPK6 Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. line showed higher resistance to salt stress than WT and KO-AtMPK6 lines. Furthermore, we found that the Na+ content in OE-PpMPK6 roots was significantly lower than that in WT and KO-AtMPK6 roots, indicating that phosphatidic acid combined with PpMPK6 activated the SOS1 (salt-overly-sensitive 1) protein to enhance Na+ efflux, thus alleviating the damage caused by NaCl in roots; these findings provide insight into the salt stress-associated transcriptional regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maoxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, Shandong, China
| | - Yuansong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Futian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Honda S, Yamazaki Y, Mukada T, Cheng W, Chuba M, Okazaki Y, Saito K, Oikawa A, Maruyama H, Wasaki J, Wagatsuma T, Tawaraya K. Lipidome Profiling of Phosphorus Deficiency-Tolerant Rice Cultivars Reveals Remodeling of Membrane Lipids as a Mechanism of Low P Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1365. [PMID: 36987053 PMCID: PMC10057753 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved various mechanisms for low P tolerance, one of which is changing their membrane lipid composition by remodeling phospholipids with non-phospholipids. The objective of this study was to investigate the remodeling of membrane lipids among rice cultivars under P deficiency. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars (Akamai, Kiyonishiki, Akitakomachi, Norin No. 1, Hiyadateine, Koshihikari, and Netaro) were grown in 0 (-P) and 8 (+P) mg P L-1 solution cultures. Shoots and roots were collected 5 and 10 days after transplanting (DAT) in solution culture and subjected to lipidome profiling using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Phosphatidylcholine (PC)34, PC36, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)34, PE36, phosphatidylglycerol (PG)34, phosphatidylinositol (PI)34 were the major phospholipids and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG)34, DGDG36, 1,2-diacyl-3-O-alpha-glucuronosylglycerol (GlcADG)34, GlcADG36, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG)34, MGDG36, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG)34 and SQDG36 were the major non-phospholipids. Phospholipids were lower in the plants that were grown under -P conditions than that in the plants that were grown under +P for all cultivars at 5 and 10 DAT. The levels of non-phospholipids were higher in -P plants than that in +P plants of all cultivars at 5 and 10 DAT. Decomposition of phospholipids in roots at 5 DAT correlated with low P tolerance. These results suggest that rice cultivars remodel membrane lipids under P deficiency, and the ability of remodeling partly contributes to low P tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Honda
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamazaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan
| | - Takumi Mukada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan
| | - Weiguo Cheng
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan
| | - Masaru Chuba
- Yamagata Integrated Agricultural Research Center, Tsuruoka 997-7601, Japan
| | - Yozo Okazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akira Oikawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hayato Maruyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Jun Wasaki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Tadao Wagatsuma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tawaraya
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Silva FMDO, Bulgarelli RG, Mubeen U, Caldana C, Andrade SAL, Mazzafera P. Low phosphorus induces differential metabolic responses in eucalyptus species improving nutrient use efficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:989827. [PMID: 36186027 PMCID: PMC9520260 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a vital nutrient for plant growth. P availability is generally low in soils, and plant responses to low P availability need to be better understood. In a previous study, we studied the growth and physiological responses of 24 species to low P availability in the soil and verified of eucalypts, five (Eucalyptus acmenoides, E. grandis, E. globulus, E. tereticornis, and Corymbia maculata) contrasted regarding their efficiency and responsiveness to soil P availability. Here, we obtained the metabolomic and lipidomic profile of leaves, stems, and roots from these species growing under low (4.5 mg dm-3) and sufficient (10.8 mg dm-3) P in the soil. Disregarding the level of P in the soils, P allocation was always higher in the stems. However, when grown in the P-sufficient soil, the stems steadily were the largest compartment of the total plant P. Under low P, the relative contents of primary metabolites, such as amino acids, TCA cycle intermediates, organic acids and carbohydrates, changed differently depending on the species. Additionally, phosphorylated metabolites showed enhanced turnover or reductions. While photosynthetic efficiencies were not related to higher biomass production, A/Ci curves showed that reduced P availability increased the eucalypt species' Vcmax, Jmax and photosynthetic P-use efficiency. Plants of E. acmenoides increased galactolipids and sulfolipids in leaves more than other eucalypt species, suggesting that lipid remodelling can be a strategy to cope with the P shortage in this species. Our findings offer insights to understand genotypic efficiency among eucalypt species to accommodate primary metabolism under low soil P availability and eventually be used as biochemical markers for breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Umarah Mubeen
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Camila Caldana
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sara Adrian L. Andrade
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Crop Production, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Verma L, Bhadouria J, Bhunia RK, Singh S, Panchal P, Bhatia C, Eastmond PJ, Giri J. Monogalactosyl diacylglycerol synthase 3 affects phosphate utilization and acquisition in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5033-5051. [PMID: 35526193 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Galactolipids are essential to compensate for the loss of phospholipids by 'membrane lipid remodelling' in plants under phosphorus (P) deficiency conditions. Monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) synthases catalyse the synthesis of MGDG which is further converted into digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG), later replacing phospholipids in the extraplastidial membranes. However, the roles of these enzymes are not well explored in rice. In this study, the rice MGDG synthase 3 gene (OsMGD3) was identified and functionally characterized. We showed that the plant phosphate (Pi) status and the transcription factor PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 2 (OsPHR2) are involved in the transcriptional regulation of OsMGD3. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and overexpression lines of OsMGD3 were generated to explore its potential role in rice adaptation to Pi deficiency. Compared with the wild type, OsMGD3 knockout lines displayed a reduced Pi acquisition and utilization while overexpression lines showed an enhancement of the same. Further, OsMGD3 showed a predominant role in roots, altering lateral root growth. Our comprehensive lipidomic analysis revealed a role of OsMGD3 in membrane lipid remodelling, in addition to a role in regulating diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid contents that affected the expression of Pi transporters. Our study highlights the role of OsMGD3 in affecting both internal P utilization and P acquisition in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Bhadouria
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Shweta Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Panchal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Bhatia
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Peter J Eastmond
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Han Y, Hong W, Xiong C, Lambers H, Sun Y, Xu Z, Schulze WX, Cheng L. Combining analyses of metabolite profiles and phosphorus fractions to explore high phosphorus utilization efficiency in maize. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4184-4203. [PMID: 35303743 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) limitation is a significant factor restricting crop production in agricultural systems, and enhancing the internal P utilization efficiency (PUE) of crops plays an important role in ensuring sustainable P use in agriculture. To better understand how P is remobilized to affect crop growth, we first screened P-efficient (B73 and GEMS50) and P-inefficient (Liao5114) maize genotypes at the same shoot P content, and then analyzed P pools and performed non-targeted metabolomic analyses to explore changes in cellular P fractions and metabolites in maize genotypes with contrasting PUE. We show that lipid P and nucleic acid P concentrations were significantly lower in lower leaves of P-efficient genotypes, and these P pools were remobilized to a major extent in P-efficient genotypes. Broad metabolic alterations were evident in leaves of P-efficient maize genotypes, particularly affecting products of phospholipid turnover and phosphorylated compounds, and the shikimate biosynthesis pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that P-efficient genotypes have a high capacity to remobilize lipid P and nucleic acid P and promote the shikimate pathway towards efficient P utilization in maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of Plant Nutrient, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wanting Hong
- Department of Plant Nutrient, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Chuanyong Xiong
- Department of Plant Nutrient, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hans Lambers
- Department of Plant Nutrient, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- School of Biological Sciences and UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Plant Nutrient, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zikai Xu
- Department of Plant Nutrient, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Waltraud X Schulze
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lingyun Cheng
- Department of Plant Nutrient, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
do Nascimento SV, Costa PHDO, Herrera H, Caldeira CF, Gastauer M, Ramos SJ, Oliveira G, Valadares RBDS. Proteomic Profiling and Rhizosphere-Associated Microbial Communities Reveal Adaptive Mechanisms of Dioclea apurensis Kunth in Eastern Amazon's Rehabilitating Minelands. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:712. [PMID: 35270182 PMCID: PMC8912737 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dioclea apurensis Kunth is native to ferruginous rocky outcrops (known as canga) in the eastern Amazon. Native cangas are considered hotspots of biological diversity and have one of the largest iron ore deposits in the world. There, D. apurensis can grow in post-mining areas where molecular mechanisms and rhizospheric interactions with soil microorganisms are expected to contribute to their establishment in rehabilitating minelands (RM). In this study, we compare the root proteomic profile and rhizosphere-associated bacterial and fungal communities of D. apurensis growing in canga and RM to characterize the main mechanisms that allow the growth and establishment in post-mining areas. The results showed that proteins involved in response to oxidative stress, drought, excess of iron, and phosphorus deficiency showed higher levels in canga and, therefore, helped explain its high establishment rates in RM. Rhizospheric selectivity of microorganisms was more evident in canga. The microbial community structure was mostly different between the two habitats, denoting that despite having its preferences, D. apurensis can associate with beneficial soil microorganisms without specificity. Therefore, its good performance in RM can also be improved or attributed to its ability to cope with beneficial soil-borne microorganisms. Native plants with such adaptations must be used to enhance the rehabilitation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Vasconcelos do Nascimento
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Belém CEP 66050-090, Brazil; (S.V.d.N.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (C.F.C.); (M.G.); (S.J.R.); (G.O.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém CEP 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique de Oliveira Costa
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Belém CEP 66050-090, Brazil; (S.V.d.N.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (C.F.C.); (M.G.); (S.J.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Hector Herrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Cecílio Frois Caldeira
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Belém CEP 66050-090, Brazil; (S.V.d.N.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (C.F.C.); (M.G.); (S.J.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Markus Gastauer
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Belém CEP 66050-090, Brazil; (S.V.d.N.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (C.F.C.); (M.G.); (S.J.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Silvio Junio Ramos
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Belém CEP 66050-090, Brazil; (S.V.d.N.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (C.F.C.); (M.G.); (S.J.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Guilherme Oliveira
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Belém CEP 66050-090, Brazil; (S.V.d.N.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (C.F.C.); (M.G.); (S.J.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Rafael Borges da Silva Valadares
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Belém CEP 66050-090, Brazil; (S.V.d.N.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (C.F.C.); (M.G.); (S.J.R.); (G.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun M, Liu X, Gao H, Zhang B, Peng F, Xiao Y. Phosphatidylcholine Enhances Homeostasis in Peach Seedling Cell Membrane and Increases Its Salt Stress Tolerance by Phosphatidic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052585. [PMID: 35269728 PMCID: PMC8910501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is a major adverse abiotic factor seriously affecting fruit tree growth and development. It ultimately lowers fruit quality and reduces yield. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is an important cell membrane component that is critical for cell structure and membrane stability maintenance. In this study, we found that the addition of external PC sources significantly increased the tolerance of one-year-old peach trees, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch., to salt stress and attenuated their damage. The effect of exogenous application of 200 mg/L PC exerted the most significant positive effect. Its use caused seedling leaf stomatal opening, contributing to normal gas exchange. Moreover, beneficial effects were exerted also to the root system, which grew normally under salt stress. Meanwhile, phospholipase D activity in the cell was promoted. The production of phosphatidic acid (PA) was enhanced by increased decomposition of phospholipids; PA serves as a secondary messenger involved in plant biological process regulation and the reduction in the reactive oxygen species- and peroxide-induced damage caused by salt stress. The possible mechanism of action is via promoted plant osmotic regulation and tolerance to salt stress, reducing salt stress-induced injury to plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Futian Peng
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +86-13563821651 (F.P.); +86-15163873786 (Y.X.)
| | - Yuansong Xiao
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +86-13563821651 (F.P.); +86-15163873786 (Y.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hernández ML, Cejudo FJ. Chloroplast Lipids Metabolism and Function. A Redox Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:712022. [PMID: 34421962 PMCID: PMC8375268 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.712022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant productivity is determined by the conversion of solar energy into biomass through oxygenic photosynthesis, a process performed by protein-cofactor complexes including photosystems (PS) II and I, and ATP synthase. These complexes are embedded in chloroplast thylakoid membrane lipids, which thus function as structural support of the photosynthetic machinery and provide the lipid matrix to avoid free ion diffusion. The lipid and fatty acid composition of thylakoid membranes are unique in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, which implies that these molecules are specifically required in oxygenic photosynthesis. Indeed, there is extensive evidence supporting a relevant function of glycerolipids in chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthetic efficiency in response to environmental stimuli, such as light and temperature. The rapid acclimation of higher plants to environmental changes is largely based on thiol-based redox regulation and the disulphide reductase activity thioredoxins (Trxs), which are reduced by ferredoxin (Fdx) via an Fdx-dependent Trx reductase. In addition, chloroplasts harbour an NADPH-dependent Trx reductase C, which allows the use of NADPH to maintain the redox homeostasis of the organelle. Here, we summarise the current knowledge of chloroplast lipid metabolism and the function of these molecules as structural basis of the complex membrane network of the organelle. Furthermore, we discuss evidence supporting the relevant role of lipids in chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthetic performance in response to environmental cues in which the redox state of the organelle plays a relevant role.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumar S, Chugh C, Seem K, Kumar S, Vinod KK, Mohapatra T. Characterization of contrasting rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes reveals the Pi-efficient schema for phosphate starvation tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:282. [PMID: 34154533 PMCID: PMC8215752 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P), being one of the essential components of nucleic acids, cell membranes and enzymes, indispensable for diverse cellular processes like photosynthesis/carbohydrate metabolism, energy production, redox homeostasis and signaling. Crop yield is severely affected due to Phosphate (Pi) deficiency; and to cope with Pi-deficiency, plants have evolved several strategies. Some rice genotypes are compatible with low Pi availability, whereas others are sensitive to Pi deficiency. However, the underlying molecular mechanism for low Pi tolerance remains largely unexplored. RESULT Several studies were carried out to understand Pi-deficiency responses in rice at seedling stage, but few of them targeted molecular aspects/responses of Pi-starvation at the advanced stage of growth. To delineate the molecular mechanisms for low Pi tolerance, a pair of contrasting rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes [viz. Pusa-44 (Pi-deficiency sensitive) and its near isogenic line (NIL-23, Pi-deficiency tolerant) harboring Phosphorus uptake 1 (Pup1) QTL from an aus landrace Kasalath] were used. Comparative morphological, physiological, and biochemical analyses confirmed some of the well-known findings. Transcriptome analysis of shoot and root tissues from 45-day-old rice plants grown hydroponically under P-sufficient (16 ppm Pi) or P-starved (0 ppm Pi) medium revealed that Pi-starvation stress causes global transcriptional reprogramming affecting several transcription factors, signaling pathways and other regulatory genes. We could identify several significantly up-regulated genes in roots of NIL-23 under Pi-starvation which might be responsible for the Pi starvation tolerance. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated significant role of certain phosphatases, transporters, transcription factors, carbohydrate metabolism, hormone-signaling, and epigenetic processes in improving P-starvation stress tolerance in NIL-23. CONCLUSION We report the important candidate mechanisms for Pi acquisition/solubilization, recycling, remobilization/transport, sensing/signalling, genetic/epigenetic regulation, and cell wall structural changes to be responsible for P-starvation tolerance in NIL-23. The study provides some of the novel information useful for improving phosphorus-use efficiency in rice cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi , 110012, India.
| | - Chetna Chugh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi , 110012, India
| | - Karishma Seem
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi , 110012, India
| | | | - K K Vinod
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu C, Liu Y, Wang S, Ke Q, Yin L, Deng X, Feng B. Arabidopsis mgd mutants with reduced monogalactosyldiacylglycerol contents are hypersensitive to aluminium stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110999. [PMID: 32888604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is a key element that plays a major role in inhibiting plant growth and productivity under acidic soils. While lipids may be involved in plant tolerance/sensitivity to Al, the role of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) in Al response remains unknown. In this study, Arabidopsis MGDG synthase (AtMGD) mutants (mgd1, mgd2 and mgd3) and wild-type (Col-0) plants were treated with AlCl3; the effect of aluminium on root growth, aluminium distribution, plasma membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide content and membrane lipid compositions were analysed. Under Al stress, mgd mutants exhibited a more severe root growth inhibition, plasma membrane integrity damage and lipid peroxidation compared to Col-0. Al accumulation in root tips showed no difference between Col-0 and mutants under Al stress. Lipid analysis demonstrated that under Al treatment the MGDG content in all plants and MGDG/DGDG (digalactosyldiacylglycerol) remarkably reduced, especially in mutants impairing the stability and permeability of the plasma membrane. These results indicate that the Arabidopsis mgd mutants are hypersensitive to Al stress due to the reduction in MGDG content, and this is of great significance in the discovery of effective measures for plants to inhibit aluminium toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunjuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yijian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qingbo Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lina Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xiping Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hidayati NA, Yamada‐Oshima Y, Iwai M, Yamano T, Kajikawa M, Sakurai N, Suda K, Sesoko K, Hori K, Obayashi T, Shimojima M, Fukuzawa H, Ohta H. Lipid remodeling regulator 1 (LRL1) is differently involved in the phosphorus-depletion response from PSR1 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:610-626. [PMID: 31350858 PMCID: PMC6899820 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of lipid metabolism in microalgae has attracted broad interest, as their storage lipid, triacylglycerol (TAG), can be readily converted into biofuel via transesterification. TAG accumulates in the form of oil droplets, especially when cells undergo nutrient deprivation, such as for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), or sulfur (S). TAG biosynthesis under N-deprivation has been comprehensively studied in the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, during which TAG accumulates dramatically. However, the resulting rapid breakdown of chlorophyll restricts overall oil yield productivity and causes cessation of cell growth. In contrast, P-deprivation results in oil accumulation without disrupting chloroplast integrity. We used a reverse genetics approach based on co-expression analysis to identify a transcription factor (TF) that is upregulated under P-depleted conditions. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the mutants showed repression of genes typically associated with lipid remodeling under P-depleted conditions, such as sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol 2 (SQD2), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGTT1), and major lipid droplet protein (MLDP). As accumulation of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and TAG were suppressed in P-depleted mutants, we designated the protein as lipid remodeling regulator 1 (LRL1). LRL1 mutants showed slower growth under P-depletion. Moreover, cell size in the mutant was significantly reduced, and TAG and starch accumulation per cell were decreased. Transcriptomic analysis also suggested the repression of several genes typically upregulated in adaptation to P-depletion that are associated with the cell cycle and P and lipid metabolism. Thus, our analysis of LRL1 provides insights into P-allocation and lipid remodeling under P-depleted conditions in C. reinhardtii. OPEN RESEARCH BADGES: This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally-shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The sequencing data were made publicly available under the BioProject Accession number PRJDB6733 and an accession number LC488724 at the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ). The data is available at https://trace.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/BPSearch/bioproject?acc=PRJDB6733; http://getentry.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/getentry/na/LC488724. The metabolome data were made publicly available and can be accessed at http://metabolonote.kazusa.or.jp/SE195:/; http://webs2.kazusa.or.jp/data/nur/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur A. Hidayati
- Graduate School of Bioscience and BiotechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐B‐65 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8501Japan
| | - Yui Yamada‐Oshima
- Graduate School of Bioscience and BiotechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐B‐65 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8501Japan
| | - Masako Iwai
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐B‐65 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8501Japan
| | - Takashi Yamano
- Graduate School of BiostudiesKyoto UniversityKyoto606‐8502Japan
| | | | - Nozomu Sakurai
- Technology DevelopmentKazusa DNA Research InstituteKazusa‐kamatari 2‐6‐7KisarazuChiba292‐0818Japan
- Present address:
National Institute of Genetics Bioinformation & DDBJ Center1111 YataMishimaShizuoka411‐8540Japan
| | - Kunihiro Suda
- Technology DevelopmentKazusa DNA Research InstituteKazusa‐kamatari 2‐6‐7KisarazuChiba292‐0818Japan
| | - Kanami Sesoko
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐B‐65 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8501Japan
| | - Koichi Hori
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐B‐65 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8501Japan
| | - Takeshi Obayashi
- Graduate School of Information SciencesTohoku University6‐3‐09, Aramaki‐Aza‐Aoba, Aoba‐kuSendai980‐8679Japan
| | - Mie Shimojima
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐B‐65 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8501Japan
| | - Hideya Fukuzawa
- Graduate School of BiostudiesKyoto UniversityKyoto606‐8502Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐B‐65 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8501Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Basnet R, Zhang J, Hussain N, Shu Q. Characterization and Mutational Analysis of a Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Synthase Gene OsMGD2 in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:992. [PMID: 31428115 PMCID: PMC6688468 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) are the two predominant galactolipids present in the photosynthetic membrane in many photosynthetic organisms, including algae and higher plants. These galactolipids are the main constituents of thylakoid membrane and are essential for chloroplast biogenesis and photoautotrophic growth. In silico analysis revealed that rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome has three genes encoding MGDG synthase (OsMGD1, 2, and 3). Although subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that OsMGD2 is localized to chloroplast, its expression was observed mainly in anther and endosperm, suggesting that MGDG might have an important role in the development of flower and grain in rice. Knock-out mutants of OsMGD2 were generated employing the CRISPR/Cas9 system and their morphology, yield and grain quality related traits were studied. The leaf of osmgd2 mutants showed reduced MGDG (∼11.6%) and DGDG (∼9.5%) content with chlorophyll a content decreased by ∼23%, consequently affecting the photosynthesis. The mutants also exhibited poor agronomic performance with plant height and panicle length decreased by ∼12.2 and ∼7.3%, respectively. Similarly, the number of filled grains per panicle was reduced by 43.8%, while the 1000 grain weight was increased by ∼6.3% in the mutants. The milled rice of mutants also had altered pasting properties and decreased linoleic acid content (∼26.6%). Put together, the present study demonstrated that OsMGD2 is the predominantly expressed gene encoding MGDG synthase in anther and grain and plays important roles in plant growth and development, as well as in grain quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasbin Basnet
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jiarun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyao Shu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingyao Shu,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tawaraya K, Honda S, Cheng W, Chuba M, Okazaki Y, Saito K, Oikawa A, Maruyama H, Wasaki J, Wagatsuma T. Ancient rice cultivar extensively replaces phospholipids with non-phosphorus glycolipid under phosphorus deficiency. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 163:297-305. [PMID: 29412473 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recycling of phosphorus (P) from P-containing metabolites is an adaptive strategy of plants to overcome soil P deficiency. This study was aimed at demonstrating differences in lipid remodelling between low-P-tolerant and -sensitive rice cultivars using lipidome profiling. The rice cultivars Akamai (low-P-tolerant) and Koshihikari (low-P-sensitive) were grown in a culture solution with [2 mg l-1 (+P)] or without (-P) phosphate for 21 and 28 days after transplantation. Upper and lower leaves were collected. Lipids were extracted from the leaves and their composition was analysed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Phospholipids, namely phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), diacylglycerol (DAG), triacylglycerol (TAG) and glycolipids, namely sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and 1,2-diacyl-3-O-alpha-glucuronosyl glycerol (GlcADG), were detected. GlcADG level was higher in both cultivars grown in -P than in +P and the increase was larger in Akamai than in Koshihikari. DGDG, MGDG and SQDG levels were higher in Akamai grown in -P than in +P and the increase was larger in the upper leaves than in the lower leaves. PC, PE, PG and PI levels were lower in both cultivars grown in -P than in +P and the decrease was larger in the lower leaves than in the upper leaves and in Akamai than in Koshihikari. Akamai catabolised more phospholipids in older leaves and synthesised glycolipids in younger leaves. These results suggested that extensive phospholipid replacement with non-phosphorus glycolipids is a mechanism underlying low-P-tolerance in rice cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Tawaraya
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Soichiro Honda
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Weiguo Cheng
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Masaru Chuba
- Yamagata Integrated Agricultural Research Center, Tsuruoka, 997-7601, Japan
| | - Yozo Okazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akira Oikawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, 997-8555, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hayato Maruyama
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Jun Wasaki
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Tadao Wagatsuma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, 997-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kobayashi K. Role of membrane glycerolipids in photosynthesis, thylakoid biogenesis and chloroplast development. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:565-580. [PMID: 27114097 PMCID: PMC5897459 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The lipid bilayer of the thylakoid membrane in plant chloroplasts and cyanobacterial cells is predominantly composed of four unique lipid classes; monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). MGDG and DGDG are uncharged galactolipids that constitute the bulk of thylakoid membrane lipids and provide a lipid bilayer matrix for photosynthetic complexes as the main constituents. The glycolipid SQDG and phospholipid PG are anionic lipids with a negative charge on their head groups. SQDG and PG substitute for each other to maintain the amount of total anionic lipids in the thylakoid membrane, with PG having indispensable functions in photosynthesis. In addition to biochemical studies, extensive analyses of mutants deficient in thylakoid lipids have revealed important roles of these lipids in photosynthesis and thylakoid membrane biogenesis. Moreover, recent studies of Arabidopsis thaliana suggest that thylakoid lipid biosynthesis triggers the expression of photosynthesis-associated genes in both the nucleus and plastids and activates the formation of photosynthetic machineries and chloroplast development. Meanwhile, galactolipid biosynthesis is regulated in response to chloroplast functionality and lipid metabolism at transcriptional and post-translational levels. This review summarizes the roles of thylakoid lipids with their biosynthetic pathways in plants and discusses the coordinated regulation of thylakoid lipid biosynthesis with the development of photosynthetic machinery during chloroplast biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kobayashi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hori K, Nobusawa T, Watanabe T, Madoka Y, Suzuki H, Shibata D, Shimojima M, Ohta H. Tangled evolutionary processes with commonality and diversity in plastidial glycolipid synthesis in photosynthetic organisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1294-1308. [PMID: 27108062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic organisms, the photosynthetic membrane constitutes a scaffold for light-harvesting complexes and photosynthetic reaction centers. Three kinds of glycolipids, namely monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, constitute approximately 80-90% of photosynthetic membrane lipids and are well conserved from tiny cyanobacteria to the leaves of huge trees. These glycolipids perform a wide variety of functions beyond biological membrane formation. In particular, the capability of adaptation to harsh environments through regulation of membrane glycolipid composition is essential for healthy growth and development of photosynthetic organisms. The genome analysis and functional genetics of the model seed plant Arabidopsis thaliana have yielded many new findings concerning the biosynthesis, regulation, and functions of glycolipids. Nevertheless, it remains to be clarified how the complex biosynthetic pathways and well-organized functions of glycolipids evolved in early and primitive photosynthetic organisms, such as cyanobacteria, to yield modern photosynthetic organisms like land plants. Recently, genome data for many photosynthetic organisms have been made available as the fruit of the rapid development of sequencing technology. We also have reported the draft genome sequence of the charophyte alga Klebsormidium flaccidum, which is an intermediate organism between green algae and land plants. Here, we performed a comprehensive phylogenic analysis of glycolipid biosynthesis genes in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms including K. flaccidum. Based on the results together with membrane lipid analysis of this alga, we discuss the evolution of glycolipid synthesis in photosynthetic organisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Hori
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Takashi Nobusawa
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Tei Watanabe
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yuka Madoka
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shibata
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Mie Shimojima
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan; Tokyo Institute of Technology, Earth-Life Science Institute, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang M, Deng X, Yin L, Qi L, Wang X, Wang S, Li H. Regulation of Galactolipid Biosynthesis by Overexpression of the Rice MGD Gene Contributes to Enhanced Aluminum Tolerance in Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:337. [PMID: 27066017 PMCID: PMC4811928 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipid alterations affect Al tolerance in plants, but little is known about the regulation of membrane lipid metabolism in response to Al stress. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) overexpressing rice monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) synthase (OsMGD) gene and wild-type tobacco plants were exposed to AlCl3, and the impact of Al toxicity on root growth, Al accumulation, plasma membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation and membrane lipid composition were investigated. Compared with the wild type, the transgenic plants exhibited rapid regrowth of roots after removal of Al and less damage to membrane integrity and lipid peroxidation under Al stress, meanwhile, the Al accumulation showed no difference between wild-type and transgenic plants. Lipid analysis showed that Al treatment dramatically decreased the content of MGDG and the ratio of MGDG to digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) in wild-type plants, while it was unchanged in transgenic plants. The stable of MGDG level and the ratio of MGDG/DGDG contribute to maintain the membrane stability and permeability. Moreover, Al caused a significant increase in phospholipids in wild-type plants, resulting in a high proportion of phospholipids and low proportion of galactolipids, but these proportions were unaffected in transgenic plants. The high proportion of phospholipids could contribute to a higher rate of Al(3+) binding in the membrane and thereby leads to more membrane perturbation and damage. These results show that the regulation of galactolipid biosynthesis could play an important role in maintaining membrane structure and function under Al stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Xiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling, China
| | - Lina Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Lingyun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling, China
| | - Hongbing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Singh V, Singh PK, Siddiqui A, Singh S, Banday ZZ, Nandi AK. Over-expression of Arabidopsis thaliana SFD1/GLY1, the gene encoding plastid localized glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, increases plastidic lipid content in transgenic rice plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:285-293. [PMID: 26747130 PMCID: PMC5077251 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-015-0781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are the major constituents of all membranous structures in plants. Plants possess two pathways for lipid biosynthesis: the prokaryotic pathway (i.e., plastidic pathway) and the eukaryotic pathway (i.e., endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) pathway). Whereas some plants synthesize galactolipids from diacylglycerol assembled in the plastid, others, including rice, derive their galactolipids from diacylglycerols assembled by the eukaryotic pathway. Arabidopsis thaliana glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3pDH), coded by SUPPRESSOR OF FATTY ACID DESATURASE 1 (SFD1; alias GLY1) gene, catalyzes the formation of glycerol 3-phosphate (G3p), the backbone of many membrane lipids. Here SFD1 was introduced to rice as a transgene. Arabidopsis SFD1 localizes in rice plastids and its over-expression increases plastidic membrane lipid content in transgenic rice plants without any major impact on ER lipids. The results suggest that over-expression of plastidic G3pDH enhances biosynthesis of plastid-localized lipids in rice. Lipid composition in the transgenic plants is consistent with increased phosphatidylglycerol synthesis in the plastid and increased galactolipid synthesis from diacylglycerol produced via the ER pathway. The transgenic plants show a higher photosynthetic assimilation rate, suggesting a possible application of this finding in crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayata Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 415, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 415, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Adnan Siddiqui
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 415, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Subaran Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 415, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Ashis Kumar Nandi
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 415, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Afitlhile M, Duffield-Duncan K, Fry M, Workman S, Hum-Musser S, Hildebrand D. The toc132toc120 heterozygote mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana accumulates reduced levels of hexadecatrienoic acid. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 96:426-435. [PMID: 26381195 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A null and heterozygous mutant for the Arabidopsis thaliana TOC132 and TOC120 genes accumulates increased levels of 16:0 and decreased 16:3, suggesting altered homeostasis in fatty acid synthesis. The FAD5 gene encodes a plastid desaturase that catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of 16:3 in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG). In non-acclimated toc132toc120+/- mutant plants, the FAD5 gene was repressed and this correlated with decreased levels of 16:3. In cold-acclimated mutant however, the FAD5 gene was upregulated and there was a small increase in 16:3 levels relative to the non-acclimated mutant plants. The MGD1 gene was expressed at control levels and the mutant accumulated levels of MGDG that were similar to the wild type. In the mutant however, MGDG had decreased 16:3 levels, suggesting that the activity of FAD5 desaturase was compromised. In the mutant, the FAD2 and FAD3 genes were downregulated but levels of 18:3-PC were increased, suggesting posttranscriptional regulation for the ER-localized fatty acid desaturases. The Toc120 or Toc159 receptor is likely to compensate for a defective Toc132 receptor. In the cold-acclimated mutant, the TOC159 gene was repressed ca. 300-fold, whereas the TOC120 gene was repressed 7-fold relative to the non-acclimated wild type. Thus, the TOC159 gene is more sensitive to cold-stress and might not compensate for defect in the TOC132 gene under these conditions. Overall, these data show that a mutation in the TOC132 gene results in decreased 16:3 levels, indicating the need for an intact Toc132/Toc120 receptor, presumably to facilitate the import of the FAD5 preprotein into chloroplasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meshack Afitlhile
- Western Illinois University, Department of Biological Sciences, 1 University Circle, Waggoner Hall 311, Macomb, IL 61455, USA.
| | - Kayla Duffield-Duncan
- Western Illinois University, Department of Biological Sciences, 1 University Circle, Waggoner Hall 311, Macomb, IL 61455, USA
| | - Morgan Fry
- Western Illinois University, Department of Biological Sciences, 1 University Circle, Waggoner Hall 311, Macomb, IL 61455, USA
| | - Samantha Workman
- Western Illinois University, Department of Biological Sciences, 1 University Circle, Waggoner Hall 311, Macomb, IL 61455, USA
| | - Sue Hum-Musser
- Western Illinois University, Department of Biological Sciences, 1 University Circle, Waggoner Hall 311, Macomb, IL 61455, USA
| | - David Hildebrand
- University of Kentucky, Department of Plant Sciences, 1405 Veterans Drive, Office 403 PSB, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shimojima M, Madoka Y, Fujiwara R, Murakawa M, Yoshitake Y, Ikeda K, Koizumi R, Endo K, Ozaki K, Ohta H. An engineered lipid remodeling system using a galactolipid synthase promoter during phosphate starvation enhances oil accumulation in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:664. [PMID: 26379690 PMCID: PMC4553410 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) depletion is a serious problem for plant growth. Membrane lipid remodeling is a defense mechanism that plants use to survive Pi-depleted conditions. During Pi starvation, phospholipids are degraded to supply Pi for other essential biological processes, whereas galactolipid synthesis in plastids is up-regulated via the transcriptional activation of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 3 (MGD3). Thus, the produced galactolipids are transferred to extraplastidial membranes to substitute for phospholipids. We found that, Pi starvation induced oil accumulation in the vegetative tissues of various seed plants without activating the transcription of enzymes involved in the later steps of triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis. Moreover, the Arabidopsis starchless phosphoglucomutase mutant, pgm-1, accumulated higher TAG levels than did wild-type plants under Pi-depleted conditions. We generated transgenic plants that expressed a key gene involved in TAG synthesis using the Pi deficiency-responsive MGD3 promoter in wild-type and pgm-1 backgrounds. During Pi starvation, the transgenic plants accumulated higher TAG amounts compared with the non-transgenic plants, suggesting that the Pi deficiency-responsive promoter of galactolipid synthase in plastids may be useful for producing transgenic plants that accumulate more oil under Pi-depleted conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mie Shimojima
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
| | - Yuka Madoka
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
| | - Ryota Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Murakawa
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
| | - Yushi Yoshitake
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Ikeda
- Technical Department, Biomaterial Analysis Center, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
| | - Ryota Koizumi
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
| | - Keiji Endo
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao CorporationTochigi, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ozaki
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao CorporationTochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology AgencyTokyo, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Afitlhile M, Fry M, Workman S. The TOC159 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana accumulates altered levels of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 87:61-72. [PMID: 25557464 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated whether the TOC159 mutant of Arabidopsis called plastid protein import 2-2 (ppi2-2) accumulates normal levels of fatty acids, and transcripts of fatty acid desaturases and galactolipid synthesis enzymes. The ppi2-2 mutant accumulates decreased pigments and total fatty acid content. The MGD1 gene was downregulated and the mutant accumulates decreased levels of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and 16:3, which suggests that the prokaryotic pathway was impaired in the mutant. The HY5 gene, which encodes long hypocotyl5 transcription factor, was upregulated in the mutant. The DGD1 gene, an HY5 target was marginally increased and the mutant accumulates digalactosyldiacylglycerol at the control level. The mutant had increased expression of 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II gene, which encodes a plastid enzyme that elongates 16:0 to 18:0. Interestingly, glycerolipids in the mutant accumulate increased levels of 18:0. A gene that encodes stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD) was expressed at the control level and 18:1 was increased, which suggest that SAD may be strongly regulated at the posttranscriptional level. The molar ratio of MGDG to bilayer forming plastid lipids was decreased in the cold-acclimated wild type but not in the ppi2-2 mutant. This indicates that the mutant was unresponsive to cold-stress, and is consistent with increased levels of 18:0, and decreased 16:3 and 18:3 in the ppi2-2 mutant. Overall, these data indicate that a defective Toc159 receptor impaired the synthesis of MGDG, and affected desaturation of 16 and 18-carbon fatty acids. We conclude that expression of the MGD1 gene and synthesis of MGDG are tightly linked to plastid biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meshack Afitlhile
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Waggoner Hall 311, 1 University Circle, Macomb, IL 61455, USA.
| | - Morgan Fry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Waggoner Hall 311, 1 University Circle, Macomb, IL 61455, USA
| | - Samantha Workman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Waggoner Hall 311, 1 University Circle, Macomb, IL 61455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mehra P, Pandey BK, Giri J. Comparative Morphophysiological Analyses and Molecular Profiling Reveal Pi-Efficient Strategies of a Traditional Rice Genotype. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1184. [PMID: 26779218 PMCID: PMC4700128 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) deficiency severely affects crop yield. Modern high yielding rice genotypes are sensitive to Pi deficiency whereas traditional rice genotypes are naturally compatible with low Pi ecosystems. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for low Pi tolerance in traditional genotypes remain largely elusive. To delineate the molecular mechanisms for low Pi tolerance, two contrasting rice genotypes, Dular (low Pi tolerant), and PB1 (low Pi sensitive), have been selected. Comparative morphophysiological, global transcriptome and lipidome analyses of root and shoot tissues of both genotypes grown under Pi deficient and sufficient conditions revealed potential low Pi tolerance mechanisms of the traditional genotype. Most of the genes associated with enhanced internal Pi utilization (phospholipid remobilization) and modulation of root system architecture (RSA) were highly induced in the traditional rice genotype, Dular. Higher reserves of phospholipids and greater accumulation of galactolipids under low Pi in Dular indicated it has more efficient Pi utilization. Furthermore, Dular also maintained greater root growth than PB1 under low Pi, resulting in larger root surface area due to increased lateral root density and root hair length. Genes involved in enhanced low Pi tolerance of the traditional genotype can be exploited to improve the low Pi tolerance of modern high yielding rice cultivars.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kuppusamy T, Giavalisco P, Arvidsson S, Sulpice R, Stitt M, Finnegan PM, Scheible WR, Lambers H, Jost R. Lipid biosynthesis and protein concentration respond uniquely to phosphate supply during leaf development in highly phosphorus-efficient Hakea prostrata. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1891-911. [PMID: 25315604 PMCID: PMC4256859 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.248930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae) is adapted to severely phosphorus-impoverished soils and extensively replaces phospholipids during leaf development. We investigated how polar lipid profiles change during leaf development and in response to external phosphate supply. Leaf size was unaffected by a moderate increase in phosphate supply. However, leaf protein concentration increased by more than 2-fold in young and mature leaves, indicating that phosphate stimulates protein synthesis. Orthologs of known lipid-remodeling genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were identified in the H. prostrata transcriptome. Their transcript profiles in young and mature leaves were analyzed in response to phosphate supply alongside changes in polar lipid fractions. In young leaves of phosphate-limited plants, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine and associated transcript levels were higher, while phosphatidylglycerol and sulfolipid levels were lower than in mature leaves, consistent with low photosynthetic rates and delayed chloroplast development. Phosphate reduced galactolipid and increased phospholipid concentrations in mature leaves, with concomitant changes in the expression of only four H. prostrata genes, GLYCEROPHOSPHODIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASE1, N-METHYLTRANSFERASE2, NONSPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C4, and MONOGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL3. Remarkably, phosphatidylglycerol levels decreased with increasing phosphate supply and were associated with lower photosynthetic rates. Levels of polar lipids with highly unsaturated 32:x (x = number of double bonds in hydrocarbon chain) and 34:x acyl chains increased. We conclude that a regulatory network with a small number of central hubs underpins extensive phospholipid replacement during leaf development in H. prostrata. This hard-wired regulatory framework allows increased photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency and growth in a low-phosphate environment. This may have rendered H. prostrata lipid metabolism unable to adjust to higher internal phosphate concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thirumurugen Kuppusamy
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Samuel Arvidsson
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Mark Stitt
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Patrick M Finnegan
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Wolf-Rüdiger Scheible
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Ricarda Jost
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Murakawa M, Shimojima M, Shimomura Y, Kobayashi K, Awai K, Ohta H. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthesis in the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts is required for enhanced growth under sucrose supplementation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:280. [PMID: 25002864 PMCID: PMC4066442 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant galactolipid synthesis on the outer envelope membranes of chloroplasts is an important biosynthetic pathway for sustained growth under conditions of phosphate (Pi) depletion. During Pi starvation, the amount of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) is increased to substitute for the phospholipids that are degraded for supplying Pi. An increase in DGDG concentration depends on an adequate supply of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), which is a substrate for DGDG synthesis and is synthesized by a type-B MGDG synthase, MGD3. Recently, sucrose was suggested to be a global regulator of plant responses to Pi starvation. Thus, we analyzed expression levels of several genes involved in lipid remodeling during Pi starvation in Arabidopsis thaliana and found that the abundance of MGD3 mRNA increased when sucrose was exogenously supplied to the growth medium. Sucrose supplementation retarded the growth of the Arabidopsis MGD3 knockout mutant mgd3 but enhanced the growth of transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing MGD3 compared with wild type, indicating the involvement of MGD3 in plant growth under sucrose-replete conditions. Although most features such as chlorophyll content, photosynthetic activity, and Pi content were comparable between wild-type and the transgenic plants overexpressing MGD3, sucrose content in shoot tissues decreased and incorporation of exogenously supplied carbon to DGDG was enhanced in the MGD3-overexpressing plants compared with wild type. Our results suggest that MGD3 plays an important role in supplying DGDG as a component of extraplastidial membranes to support enhanced plant growth under conditions of carbon excess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Murakawa
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
| | - Mie Shimojima
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shimomura
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
| | - Koichi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Tokyo UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Awai
- Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka UniversityShizuoka, Japan
- JST PRESTTokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo, Japan
- JST CRESTTokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kobayashi K, Fujii S, Sasaki D, Baba S, Ohta H, Masuda T, Wada H. Transcriptional regulation of thylakoid galactolipid biosynthesis coordinated with chlorophyll biosynthesis during the development of chloroplasts in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:272. [PMID: 24966866 PMCID: PMC4052731 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biogenesis of thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts requires the coordinated synthesis of chlorophyll and photosynthetic proteins with the galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), which constitute the bulk of the thylakoid lipid matrix. MGD1 and DGD1 are the key enzymes of MGDG and DGDG synthesis, respectively. We investigated the expression profiles of MGD1 and DGD1 in Arabidopsis to identify the transcriptional regulation that coordinates galactolipid synthesis with the synthesis of chlorophyll and photosynthetic proteins during chloroplast biogenesis. The expression of both MGD1 and DGD1 was repressed in response to defects in chlorophyll synthesis. Moreover, these genes were downregulated by norflurazon-induced chloroplast malfunction via the GENOMES-UNCOUPLED1-mediated plastid signaling pathway. Similar to other photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes, the expression of MGD1 and DGD1 was induced by light, in which both cytokinin signaling and LONG HYPOCOTYL5-mediated light signaling played crucial roles. The expression of these galactolipid-synthesis genes, and particularly that of DGD1 under continuous light, was strongly affected by the activities of the GOLDEN2-LIKE transcription factors, which are potent regulators of chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast biogenesis. These results suggest tight transcriptional coordination of galactolipid synthesis with the formation of the photosynthetic chlorophyll-protein complexes during leaf development. Meanwhile, unlike the photosynthetic genes, the galactolipid synthesis genes were not upregulated during chloroplast biogenesis in the roots, even though the galactolipids accumulated with chlorophylls, indicating the importance of post-transcriptional regulation of galactolipid synthesis during root greening. Our data suggest that plants utilize complex regulatory mechanisms to modify galactolipid synthesis with chloroplast development during plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Fujii
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Sasaki
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Baba
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology AgencyTokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Masuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Wada
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology AgencyTokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|