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Zhang S, Wang J, Liu F, BassiriRad H, Liu N. Simulated nitrogen deposition promotes the carbon assimilation of shrubs rather than tree species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114497. [PMID: 36265598 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although understory addition of nitrogen (UAN) is commonly used to simulate nitrogen deposition in field studies in forest ecosystems, it ignores the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on the canopy. We studied the effects of nitrogen deposition simulated by UAN and by canopy addition of nitrogen (CAN) on leaf structure, chemical properties, Calvin cycle, and photosynthate distribution strategy of representative woody plant species in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest in South China. The results showed that maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax) of shrub species Blastus cochinchinensis and Ardisia quinquegona under CAN treatments was significantly higher than that of UAN treatments at the same N addition concentration. The concentrations of intermediates (PGK, DPGA and G3P) in Calvin cycle of B. cochinchinensis and A. quinquegona, and Castanea henryi were significantly increased with CAN treatments, but the opposite was true with UAN treatments. CAN25 significantly increased starch concentrations of shrub species Lasianthus chinensis and B. cochinchinensis, and significantly decreased sucrose concentrations of shrub species A. quinquegona and tree species C. henryi. Correlation analyses showed that nitrogen application amount under different modes helped explain the changes in Amax and Calvin cycle intermediates. In summary, nitrogen deposition may promote the Amax and Calvin cycle of shrub species, and the adaptability of shrub species to nitrogen deposition is higher than that of tree species, which may help to explain the degradation of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shike Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fangyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hormoz BassiriRad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60607, USA
| | - Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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2
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Wyka TP, Robakowski P, Żytkowiak R, Oleksyn J. Anatomical acclimation of mature leaves to increased irradiance in sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 154:41-55. [PMID: 36057003 PMCID: PMC9568483 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trees regenerating in the understory respond to increased availability of light caused by gap formation by undergoing a range of morphological and physiological adjustments. These adjustments include the production of thick, sun-type leaves containing thicker mesophyll and longer palisade cells than in shade-type leaves. We asked whether in the shade-regenerating tree Acer pseudoplatanus, the increase in leaf thickness and expansion of leaf tissues are possible also in leaves that are already fully formed, a response reported so far only for a handful of species. We acclimated potted seedlings to eight levels (from 1 to 100%) of solar irradiance and, in late summer, transferred a subset of them to full sunlight. Within 30 days, the pre-shaded leaves increased leaf mass per area and became thicker mostly due to the elongation of palisade cells, except for the most shaded individuals which suffered irreversible photo-oxidative damage. This anatomical acclimation was accompanied by a transient decline in photosynthetic efficiency of PSII (Fv/FM), the magnitude of which was related to the degree of pre-shading. The Fv/FM recovered substantially within the re-acclimation period. However, leaves of transferred plants were shed earlier in the fall, indicating that the acclimation was not fully effective. These results show that A. pseudoplatanus is one of the few known species in which mature leaves may re-acclimate anatomically to increased irradiance. This may be an important mechanism enhancing utilization of gaps created during the growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P Wyka
- General Botany Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Piotr Robakowski
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71a, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Roma Żytkowiak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
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3
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Wyka TP, Robakowski P, Żytkowiak R, Oleksyn J. Anatomical adjustment of mature leaves of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) to increased irradiance. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:55-71. [PMID: 35034267 PMCID: PMC9090708 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00898-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trees regenerating in the understory respond to increased availability of light caused by gap formation by undergoing a range of morphological and physiological adjustments. These adjustments include the production of thick, sun-type leaves containing thicker mesophyll and longer palisade cells than in shade-type leaves. We asked whether in the shade-regenerating tree Acer pseudoplatanus, the increase in leaf thickness and expansion of leaf tissues are possible also in leaves that had been fully formed prior to the increase in irradiance, a response reported so far only for a handful of species. We acclimated potted seedlings to eight levels (from 1 to 100%) of solar irradiance and, in late summer, transferred a subset of them to full sunlight. Within 30 days, the shaded leaves increased leaf mass per area and became thicker mostly due to elongation of palisade cells, except for the most shaded individuals which suffered irreversible photo-oxidative damage. This anatomical acclimation was accompanied by partial degradation of chlorophyll and a transient decline in photosynthetic efficiency of PSII (Fv/FM). These effects were related to the degree of pre-shading. The Fv/FM recovered substantially within the re-acclimation period. However, leaves of transferred plants were shed significantly earlier in the fall, indicating that the acclimation was not fully effective. These results show that A. pseudoplatanus is one of the few known species in which mature leaves may re-acclimate anatomically to increased irradiance. This may be a potentially important mechanism enhancing utilization of gaps created during the growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P Wyka
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, General Botany Laboratory, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Piotr Robakowski
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71a, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Roma Żytkowiak
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, ul. Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, ul. Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
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4
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Morelli L, Paulišić S, Qin W, Iglesias-Sanchez A, Roig-Villanova I, Florez-Sarasa I, Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Martinez-Garcia JF. Light signals generated by vegetation shade facilitate acclimation to low light in shade-avoider plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:2137-2151. [PMID: 34618102 PMCID: PMC8331150 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
When growing in search for light, plants can experience continuous or occasional shading by other plants. Plant proximity causes a decrease in the ratio of R to far-red light (low R:FR) due to the preferential absorbance of R light and reflection of FR light by photosynthetic tissues of neighboring plants. This signal is often perceived before actual shading causes a reduction in photosynthetically active radiation (low PAR). Here, we investigated how several Brassicaceae species from different habitats respond to low R:FR and low PAR in terms of elongation, photosynthesis, and photoacclimation. Shade-tolerant plants such as hairy bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta) displayed a good adaptation to low PAR but a poor or null response to low R:FR exposure. In contrast, shade-avoider species, such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), showed a weak photosynthetic performance under low PAR but they strongly elongated when exposed to low R:FR. These responses could be genetically uncoupled. Most interestingly, exposure to low R:FR of shade-avoider (but not shade-tolerant) plants improved their photoacclimation to low PAR by triggering changes in photosynthesis-related gene expression, pigment accumulation, and chloroplast ultrastructure. These results indicate that low R:FR signaling unleashes molecular, metabolic, and developmental responses that allow shade-avoider plants (including most crops) to adjust their photosynthetic capacity in anticipation of eventual shading by nearby plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Morelli
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, València 46022, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Sandi Paulišić
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Wenting Qin
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, València 46022, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Ariadna Iglesias-Sanchez
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Irma Roig-Villanova
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, València 46022, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Jaime F Martinez-Garcia
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, València 46022, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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5
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Iwabe R, Koyama K, Komamura R. Shade Avoidance and Light Foraging of a Clonal Woody Species, Pachysandra terminalis. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040809. [PMID: 33924069 PMCID: PMC8074284 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: A central subject in clonal plant ecology is to elucidate the mechanism by which clones forage resources in heterogeneous environments. Compared with studies conducted in laboratories or experimental gardens, studies on light foraging of forest woody clonal plants in their natural habitats are limited. (2) Methods: We investigated wild populations of an evergreen clonal understory shrub, Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis Siebold & Zucc.), in two cool-temperate forests in Japan. (3) Results: Similar to the results of herbaceous clonal species, this species formed a dense stand in a relatively well-lit place, and a sparse stand in a shaded place. Higher specific rhizome length (i.e., length per unit mass) in shade resulted in lower ramet population density in shade. The individual leaf area, whole-ramet leaf area, or ramet height did not increase with increased light availability. The number of flower buds per flowering ramet increased as the canopy openness or population density increased. (4) Conclusions: Our results provide the first empirical evidence of shade avoidance and light foraging with morphological plasticity for a clonal woody species.
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Schmiege SC, Buckley BM, Stevenson D, Cuong TQ, Nam LC, Griffin KL. Contrasting physiological traits of shade tolerance in Pinus and Podocarpaceae native to a tropical Vietnamese forest: insight from an aberrant flat-leaved pine. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:223-239. [PMID: 32975283 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The absence of pines from tropical forests is a puzzling biogeographical oddity potentially explained by traits of shade intolerance. Pinus krempfii (Lecomte), a flat-leaved pine endemic to the Central Highlands of Vietnam, provides a notable exception as it seems to compete successfully with shade-tolerant tropical species. Here, we test the hypothesis that successful conifer performance at the juvenile stage depends on physiological traits of shade tolerance by comparing the physiological characteristics of P. krempfii to coexisting species from two taxa: the genus Pinus, and a relatively abundant and shade-tolerant conifer family found in pantropical forests, the Podocarpaceae. We examined leaf photosynthetic, respiratory and biochemical traits. Additionally, we compiled attainable maximum photosynthesis, maximum RuBP carboxylation (Vcmax) and maximum electron transport (Jmax) values for Pinus and Podocarpaceae species from the literature. In our literature compilation, P. krempfii was intermediate between Pinus and Podocarpaceae in its maximum photosynthesis and its Vcmax. Pinus exhibited a higher Vcmax than Podocarpaceae, resulting in a less steep slope in the linear relationship between Jmax and Vcmax. These results suggest that Pinus may be more shade intolerant than Podocarpaceae, with P. krempfii falling between the two taxa. However, in contrast, Vietnamese conifers' leaf mass per areas and biochemical traits did not highlight the same intermediate nature of P. krempfii. Furthermore, regardless of leaf morphology or family assignation, all species demonstrated a common and extremely high carbon gain efficiency. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of shade-tolerant photosynthetic traits for conifer survival in tropical forests. However, they also demonstrate a diversity of shade tolerance strategies, all of which lead to the persistence of Vietnamese juvenile conifers in low-light tropical understories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Schmiege
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 10th Floor Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027, USA
- New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Brendan M Buckley
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Dennis Stevenson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 10th Floor Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027, USA
- New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Truong Quang Cuong
- Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, Da Nhim Commune, Lac Duong District, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam, 66210
| | - Le Canh Nam
- Forest Science Institute of Central Highlands and South of Central Vietnam, 09 Hung Vuong Street, Ward 10, Dalat City, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam, 66117
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 10th Floor Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, 5th Floor Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027, USA
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Puglielli G, Laanisto L, Poorter H, Niinemets Ü. Global patterns of biomass allocation in woody species with different tolerances of shade and drought: evidence for multiple strategies. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:308-322. [PMID: 33411342 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The optimal partitioning theory predicts that plants of a given species acclimate to different environments by allocating a larger proportion of biomass to the organs acquiring the most limiting resource. Are similar patterns found across species adapted to environments with contrasting levels of abiotic stress? We tested the optimal partitioning theory by analysing how fractional biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots differed between woody species with different tolerances of shade and drought in plants of different age and size (seedlings to mature trees) using a global dataset including 604 species. No overarching biomass allocation patterns at different tolerance values across species were found. Biomass allocation varied among functional types as a result of phenological (deciduous vs evergreen broad-leaved species) and broad phylogenetical (angiosperms vs gymnosperms) differences. Furthermore, the direction of biomass allocation responses between tolerant and intolerant species was often opposite to that predicted by the optimal partitioning theory. We conclude that plant functional type is the major determinant of biomass allocation in woody species. We propose that interactions between plant functional type, ontogeny and species-specific stress tolerance adaptations allow woody species with different shade and drought tolerances to display multiple biomass partitioning strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Puglielli
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, D-52425, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia
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Huo L, Sun X, Guo Z, Jia X, Che R, Sun Y, Zhu Y, Wang P, Gong X, Ma F. MdATG18a overexpression improves basal thermotolerance in transgenic apple by decreasing damage to chloroplasts. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:21. [PMID: 32140230 PMCID: PMC7049305 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
High temperature is an abiotic stress factor that threatens plant growth and development. Autophagy in response to heat stress involves the selective removal of heat-induced protein complexes. Previously, we showed that a crucial autophagy protein from apple, MdATG18a, has a positive effect on drought tolerance. In the present study, we treated transgenic apple (Malus domestica) plants overexpressing MdATG18a with high temperature and found that autophagy protected them from heat stress. Overexpression of MdATG18a in apple enhanced antioxidase activity and contributed to the production of increased beneficial antioxidants under heat stress. Transgenic apple plants exhibited higher photosynthetic capacity, as shown by the rate of CO2 assimilation, the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), the effective quantum yield, and the electron transport rates in photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII, respectively). We also detected elevated autophagic activity and reduced damage to chloroplasts in transgenic plants compared to WT plants. In addition, the transcriptional activities of several HSP genes were increased in transgenic apple plants. In summary, we propose that autophagy plays a critical role in basal thermotolerance in apple, primarily through a combination of enhanced antioxidant activity and reduced chloroplast damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xun Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Runmin Che
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yiming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yanfei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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Combined Effects of Drought and Shading on Growth and Non-Structural Carbohydrates in Pinus massoniana Lamb. Seedlings. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon assimilation is reduced by stress. Under such conditions, the trade-off between growth and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) storage becomes crucial for plant survival and continued growth. However, growth and NSC responses to drought and shading in Pinus massoniana Lamb. remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of drought, shading, and combined drought and shading on leaf gas exchange parameters, stem basal diameter, plant height, biomass accumulation, and NSC concentration in 2-year old seedlings after a 2 month treatment. The results showed that (1) both drought and shading significantly reduced photosynthetic rate, increment of stem basal diameter and plant height, and biomass accumulation, while NSC concentration increased under drought but decreased under shading; (2) the combined drought-shading treatment had a stronger effect on photosynthetic rate and growth than either stress factor individually, whereas the concentration of NSC did not change significantly; and (3) drought, shading, and their combination had a lower effect on biomass than on NSC partitioning, in which case clear effects were observed. Drought increased NSC proportion in roots by 5.4%; conversely, shading increased NSC proportion in leaves by 3.7%, while the combined treatment increased NSC proportion in roots by 5.1% but decreased it in the leaves by 5.4%. These results suggest that the mechanism inhibiting P. massoniana growth is different under drought and shading conditions according to carbon partitioning. Furthermore, complex environmental stress may lead to different mechanisms of carbon partitioning compared with either dry or shaded environments. Our findings will be helpful in predicting the impact of climate change on P. massoniana growth.
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10
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Poorter H, Niinemets Ü, Ntagkas N, Siebenkäs A, Mäenpää M, Matsubara S, Pons T. A meta-analysis of plant responses to light intensity for 70 traits ranging from molecules to whole plant performance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1073-1105. [PMID: 30802971 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
By means of meta-analyses we determined how 70 traits related to plant anatomy, morphology, chemistry, physiology, growth and reproduction are affected by daily light integral (DLI; mol photons m-2 d-1 ). A large database including 500 experiments with 760 plant species enabled us to determine generalized dose-response curves. Many traits increase with DLI in a saturating fashion. Some showed a more than 10-fold increase over the DLI range of 1-50 mol m-2 d-1 , such as the number of seeds produced per plant and the actual rate of photosynthesis. Strong decreases with DLI (up to three-fold) were observed for leaf area ratio and leaf payback time. Plasticity differences among species groups were generally small compared with the overall responses to DLI. However, for a number of traits, including photosynthetic capacity and realized growth, we found woody and shade-tolerant species to have lower plasticity. We further conclude that the direction and degree of trait changes adheres with responses to plant density and to vertical light gradients within plant canopies. This synthesis provides a strong quantitative basis for understanding plant acclimation to light, from molecular to whole plant responses, but also identifies the variables that currently form weak spots in our knowledge, such as respiration and reproductive characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia
| | - Nikolaos Ntagkas
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alrun Siebenkäs
- Department for Nature Conservation and Landscape Planning, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Strenzfelder Allee 28, 06406, Bernburg, Germany
| | - Maarit Mäenpää
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Shizue Matsubara
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - ThijsL Pons
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3512 PN, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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11
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Shen H, Dong S, Li S, Xiao J, Han Y, Yang M, Zhang J, Gao X, Xu Y, Li Y, Zhi Y, Liu S, Dong Q, Zhou H, Yeomans JC. Effects of simulated N deposition on photosynthesis and productivity of key plants from different functional groups of alpine meadow on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:731-737. [PMID: 31112927 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition may alter physiological process of plants in grassland ecosystem. However, little is known about the response mechanism of individual plants in alpine regions to N deposition. We conducted a field experiment, and three treatments including 0 kg Nha-1year-1 (CK), 8 kgNha-1year-1 (Low N), and 72 kg N ha-1 year-1 (High N) were established to simulate N deposition in alpine meadow of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Our objectives were to determine the influence of N deposition on photosynthesis of different functional types of herbage species in alpine meadow, and finally characterize the links of plant productivity and photosynthesis with soil nutrients. The results showed that responses of alpine plants were species-specific under N deposition. Compared with grass species Agropyron cristatum and forb species Thalictrum aquilegifolium, the sedge species Carex melanantha was much more sensitive to N deposition; a lower N load (8 kgNha-1year-1) can cause a negative effect on its photosynthesis and productivity. Additionally, N deposition can promote plant N uptake and significantly decreased the C (carbon)/N (nitrogen) ratio. Compared with CK and low N deposition, high N deposition inhibited the photosynthesis and growth of the forb species Thalictrum aquilegifolium and sedge species Carex melanantha. In all three functional types of herbage species, the grass species A. cristatum tended to show a much higher photosynthetic capacity and better growth potential; thus, suggesting that grass species A. cristatum will be a more adaptative alpine plants under N deposition. Our findings suggested that plant photosynthetic responses to N deposition were species-specific, low N deposition was not beneficial for all the herbage species, and N deposition may change plant composition by the differential photosynthetic responses among species in alpine grassland. Plant composition shift to grass-dorminant in alpine regions might be attributed to a much higher photosynthetic potential and N use efficiency of grass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shen
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shikui Dong
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Shuai Li
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiannan Xiao
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuhui Han
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Mingyue Yang
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yudan Xu
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yangliu Zhi
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Quanming Dong
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining, 810003, China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Are in Qinghai Province, Xining, 810008, China
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Huang J, Hammerbacher A, Forkelová L, Hartmann H. Release of resource constraints allows greater carbon allocation to secondary metabolites and storage in winter wheat. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:672-685. [PMID: 28010041 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2 ]) is rapidly increasing, and this may have substantial impact on how plants allocate metabolic resources. A thorough understanding of allocation priorities can be achieved by modifying [CO2 ] over a large gradient, including low [CO2 ], thereby altering plant carbon (C) availability. Such information is of critical importance for understanding plant responses to global environmental change. We quantified the percentage of daytime whole-plant net assimilation (A) allocated to night-time respiration (R), structural growth (SG), nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and secondary metabolites (SMs) during 8 weeks of vegetative growth in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) growing at low, ambient and elevated [CO2 ] (170, 390 and 680 ppm). R/A remained relatively constant over a large gradient of [CO2 ]. However, with increasing C availability, the fraction of assimilation allocated to biomass (SG + NSC + SMs), in particular NSC and SMs, increased. At low [CO2 ], biomass and NSC increased in leaves but decreased in stems and roots, which may help plants achieve a functional equilibrium, that is, overcome the most severe resource limitation. These results reveal that increasing C availability from rising [CO2 ] releases allocation constraints, thereby allowing greater investment into long-term survival in the form of NSC and SMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbei Huang
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Almuth Hammerbacher
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Lenka Forkelová
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
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13
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Li W, Katin-Grazzini L, Gu X, Wang X, El-Tanbouly R, Yer H, Thammina C, Inguagiato J, Guillard K, McAvoy RJ, Wegrzyn J, Gu T, Li Y. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differential Gene Expression and a Possible Role of Gibberellins in a Shade-Tolerant Mutant of Perennial Ryegrass. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:868. [PMID: 28603533 PMCID: PMC5445233 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis behind shade tolerance in plants is not fully understood. Previously, we have shown that a connection may exist between shade tolerance and dwarfism, however, the mechanism connecting these phenotypes is not well understood. In order to clarify this connection, we analyzed the transcriptome of a previously identified shade-tolerant mutant of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) called shadow-1. shadow-1 mutant plants are dwarf, and are significantly tolerant to shade in a number of environments compared to wild-type controls. In this study, we treated shadow-1 and wild-type plants with 95% shade for 2 weeks and compared the transcriptomes of these shade-treated individuals with both genotypes exposed to full light. We identified 2,200 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (1,096 up-regulated and 1,104 down-regulated) in shadow-1 mutants, compared to wild type, following exposure to shade stress. Of these DEGs, 329 were unique to shadow-1 plants kept under shade and were not found in any other comparisons that we made. We found 2,245 DEGs (1,153 up-regulated and 1,092 down-regulated) in shadow-1 plants, compared to wild-type, under light, with 485 DEGs unique to shadow-1 plants under light. We examined the expression of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis genes and found that they were down-regulated in shadow-1 plants compared to wild type, notably gibberellin 20 oxidase (GA20ox), which was down-regulated to 3.3% (96.7% reduction) of the wild-type expression level under shade conditions. One GA response gene, lipid transfer protein 3 (LTP3), was also down-regulated to 41.5% in shadow-1 plants under shade conditions when compared to the expression level in the wild type. These data provide valuable insight into a role that GA plays in dwarfism and shade tolerance, as exemplified by shadow-1 plants, and could serve as a guide for plant breeders interested in developing new cultivars with either of these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, StorrsCT, United States
| | - Lorenzo Katin-Grazzini
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, StorrsCT, United States
| | - Xianbin Gu
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, StorrsCT, United States
- College of Horticulture and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- College of Horticulture and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Rania El-Tanbouly
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, StorrsCT, United States
- Department of Floriculture, Ornamental, Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria UniversityAlexandria, Egypt
| | - Huseyin Yer
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, StorrsCT, United States
| | - Chandra Thammina
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, StorrsCT, United States
| | - John Inguagiato
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, StorrsCT, United States
| | - Karl Guillard
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, StorrsCT, United States
| | - Richard J. McAvoy
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, StorrsCT, United States
| | - Jill Wegrzyn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, StorrsCT, United States
| | - Tingting Gu
- College of Horticulture and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Li, Tingting Gu,
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, StorrsCT, United States
- College of Horticulture and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Li, Tingting Gu,
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