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Hossain MM, Sultana F, Khan S, Nayeema J, Mostafa M, Ferdus H, Tran LSP, Mostofa MG. Carrageenans as biostimulants and bio-elicitors: plant growth and defense responses. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:3. [PMID: 38169020 PMCID: PMC10761655 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In the context of climate change, the need to ensure food security and safety has taken center stage. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are traditionally used to achieve higher plant productivity and improved plant protection from biotic stresses. However, the widespread use of fertilizers and pesticides has led to significant risks to human health and the environment, which are further compounded by the emissions of greenhouse gases during fertilizer and pesticide production and application, contributing to global warming and climate change. The naturally occurring sulfated linear polysaccharides obtained from edible red seaweeds (Rhodophyta), carrageenans, could offer climate-friendly substitutes for these inputs due to their bi-functional activities. Carrageenans and their derivatives, known as oligo-carrageenans, facilitate plant growth through a multitude of metabolic courses, including chlorophyll metabolism, carbon fixation, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, secondary metabolite generation, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species. In parallel, these compounds suppress pathogens by their direct antimicrobial activities and/or improve plant resilience against pathogens by modulating biochemical changes via salicylate (SA) and/or jasmonate (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways, resulting in increased production of secondary metabolites, defense-related proteins, and antioxidants. The present review summarizes the usage of carrageenans for increasing plant development and defense responses to pathogenic challenges under climate change. In addition, the current state of knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms and metabolic alterations in plants during carrageenan-stimulated plant growth and plant disease defense responses has been discussed. This evaluation will highlight the potential use of these new biostimulants in increasing agricultural productivity under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Motaher Hossain
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Sultana
- College of Agricultural Sciences, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Sabia Khan
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatun Nayeema
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mahabuba Mostafa
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Humayra Ferdus
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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λ-Carrageenan promotes plant growth in banana via enhancement of cellular metabolism, nutrient uptake, and cellular homeostasis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19639. [PMID: 36385165 PMCID: PMC9669011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Banana (Musa acuminata) is an important fruit crop and source of income for various countries, including Malaysia. To date, current agrochemical practice has become a disputable issue due to its detrimental effect on the environment. λ-carrageenan, a natural polysaccharide extracted from edible red seaweed, has been claimed to be a potential plant growth stimulator. Hence, the present study investigates the effects of λ-carrageenan on plant growth using Musa acuminata cv. Berangan (AAA). Vegetative growth such as plant height, root length, pseudostem diameter, and fresh weight was improved significantly in λ-carrageenan-treated banana plants at an optimum concentration of 750 ppm. Enhancement of root structure was also observed in optimum λ-carrageenan treatment, facilitating nutrients uptake in banana plants. Further biochemical assays and gene expression analysis revealed that the increment in growth performance was consistent with the increase of chlorophyll content, protein content, and phenolic content, suggesting that λ-carrageenan increases photosynthesis rate, protein biosynthesis, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis which eventually stimulate growth. Besides, λ-carrageenan at optimum concentration also increased catalase and peroxidase activities, which led to a significant reduction in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, maintaining cellular homeostasis in banana plants. Altogether, λ-carrageenan at optimum concentration improves the growth of banana plants via inducing metabolic processes, enhancing nutrient uptake, and regulation of cell homeostasis. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of λ-carrageenan on banana plants under field conditions.
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Saucedo S, González A, Gómez M, Contreras RA, Laporte D, Sáez CA, Zúñiga G, Moenne A. Oligo-carrageenan kappa increases glucose, trehalose and TOR-P and subsequently stimulates the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis, and basal and secondary metabolisms in Eucalyptus globulus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:258. [PMID: 31208344 PMCID: PMC6580502 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1858-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been previously shown that oligo-carrageenan (OC) kappa increases growth, photosynthesis and activities of enzymes involved in basal and secondary metabolisms in Eucalyptus globulus. However, it is not known whether OC kappa may induce the activation of TOR pathway and the increase in expression of genes encoding proteins involved in photosynthesis and enzymes of basal and secondary metabolisms. RESULTS E. globulus trees were sprayed on leaves with water (control) or with OC kappa 1 mg mL- 1, once a week, four times in total, and cultivated for 17 additional weeks (21 weeks in total). Treated trees showed a higher level of net photosynthesis than controls, beginning at week 3, a higher height, beginning at week 9, and those differences remained until week 21. In addition, treated trees showed an increase in the level of glucose beginning at week 1, trehalose at weeks 1-3, and in TOR-P level at week 1-2. On the other hand, transcripts encoding proteins involved in photosynthesis, and enzymes involved in glucose accumulation, C, N and S assimilation, and synthesis of secondary metabolites began at weeks 3-4 and with additional peaks at weeks 5-6, 8-11,13-14 and 17-19. Thus, OC kappa induced initial increases in glucose, trehalose and TOR-P levels that were followed by oscillatory increases in the level of transcripts coding for proteins involved in photosynthesis, and in basal and secondary metabolisms suggesting that initial increases in glucose, trehalose and TOR-P may trigger activation of gene expression. CONCLUSIONS The stimulation of growth induced by OC kappa in E. globulus trees is due, at least in part, to activation of TOR pathway and the increase in expression of genes encoding proteins involved in photosynthesis and enzymes of basal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Saucedo
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, 63 Quevedo, Ecuador
| | - Alberto González
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Melissa Gómez
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A. Contreras
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Laporte
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio A. Sáez
- Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Research, Center of Advanced Studies, University of Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Gustavo Zúñiga
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Moenne
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Kumar S, Chinnannan K, Thamilarasan SK, Seralathan M, Shanmuganathan R, Padikasan IA. Enzymatically hydrolysed sago bagasse improves physiological, biochemical and molecular attributes of Solanum lycopersicum. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ahmad B, Jahan A, Sadiq Y, Shabbir A, Jaleel H, Khan MMA. Radiation-mediated molecular weight reduction and structural modification in carrageenan potentiates improved photosynthesis and secondary metabolism in peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 124:1069-1079. [PMID: 30521890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to gain insights into the possible relationship between the irradiation-mediated molecular weight reduction and structural modification and the growth-promotion activity, characterization of the polysaccharide before and after irradiation was carried out through Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic studies. Moreover, graded concentrations of irradiated carrageenan (IC) were applied through foliage to assess the performance of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Among the various concentrations of IC [0 (control), un-irradiated carrageenan (UC), 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 mg L-1], the effect of 80 mg L-1 IC established to be most favorable for most of the parameters studied. Rubisco and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities were maximally enhanced by 65.9% and 35.6% by the application of 80 mg L-1 IC, respectively; as compared to the control and UC. A maximum enrichment in the content (32.8%) and yield (88.3%) of essential oil was noted by the application of 80 mg L-1 IC, respectively. Results of the gas chromatography revealed that the contents of menthol and 1, 8-cineole were increased; however, menthone and menthyl-acetate contents were decreased by the application of IC over the control and UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
| | - Ajmat Jahan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Yawar Sadiq
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Asfia Shabbir
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Hassan Jaleel
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - M Masroor A Khan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Salachna P, Grzeszczuk M, Meller E, Soból M. Oligo-Alginate with Low Molecular Mass Improves Growth and Physiological Activity of Eucomis autumnalis under Salinity Stress. Molecules 2018; 23:E812. [PMID: 29614824 PMCID: PMC6017372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers have become increasingly popular as biostimulators of plant growth. One of them, oligo-alginate, is a molecule that regulates plant biological processes and may be used in horticultural practice as a plant growth regulator. Biostimulators are mainly used to improve plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, including salinity. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of salinity and oligo-alginate of various molecular masses on the growth and physiological activity of Eucomis autumnalis. The species is an ornamental and medicinal plant that has been used for a long time in the traditional medicine of South Africa. The bulbs of E. autumnalis were coated using depolymerized sodium alginate of molecular mass 32,000; 42,000, and 64,000 g mol-1. All of these oligo-alginates fractions stimulated plant growth, and the effect was the strongest for the fraction of 32,000 g mol-1. This fraction was then selected for the second stage of the study, when plants were exposed to salt stress evoked by the presence of 100 mM NaCl. We found that the oligo-alginate coating mitigated the negative effects of salinity. Plants treated with the oligomer and watered with NaCl showed smaller reduction in the weight of the above-ground parts and bulbs, pigment content and antioxidant activity as compared with those not treated with the oligo-alginate. The study demonstrated for the first time that low molecular mass oligo-alginate may be used as plant biostimulator that limits negative effects of salinity in E. autumnalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Salachna
- Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 3 Papieża Pawła VI Str., 71-459 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Monika Grzeszczuk
- Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 3 Papieża Pawła VI Str., 71-459 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Edward Meller
- Department of Soil Science, Grassland Management and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Słowackiego 17 Str., 71-434 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Marcin Soból
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 35 Janickiego Str., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland.
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Exopolysaccharide Gellan Gum and Derived Oligo-Gellan Enhance Growth and Antimicrobial Activity in Eucomis Plants. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10030242. [PMID: 30966277 PMCID: PMC6414989 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the visible trends in the cultivation of plants, particularly of medicinal ones, is the increasing interest of researchers in polysaccharides and their derivatives that show biostimulatory properties and are also safe to use. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of gellan gum and its depolymerized form oligo-gellan, on growth and antimicrobial activity of two ornamental species Eucomis bicolor and Eucomis comosa used in natural medicine. The biopolymers were applied in the form of bulb coating prepared by using polyelectrolyte complexes. In both species investigated, gellan gum and oligo-gellan enhanced the fresh weight of leaves and bulbs, the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus, and the leaf content of basic macronutrients. In comparison with the control, the plants treated with oligo-gellan accumulated more biomass, were first to flower, and had the highest leaf content of potassium. The extracts from the bulbs treated with gellan gum and oligo-gellan showed higher effectiveness in reducing the count of Bacillus atrophaeus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus than those from the bulbs not treated with the polysaccharides. The research described here largely expands our current knowledge on the effects of gellan gum derivatives and has a huge practical potential in agriculture production.
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González A, Contreras RA, Zúiga G, Moenne A. Oligo-carrageenan kappa-induced reducing redox status and activation of TRR/TRX system increase the level of indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin A3 and trans-zeatin in Eucalyptus globulus trees. Molecules 2014; 19:12690-8. [PMID: 25140447 PMCID: PMC6272046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190812690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucalyptus globulus trees treated with oligo-carrageenan (OC) kappa showed an increase in NADPH, ascorbate and glutathione levels and activation of the thioredoxin reductase (TRR)/thioredoxin (TRX) system which enhance photosynthesis, basal metabolism and growth. In order to analyze whether the reducing redox status and the activation of thioredoxin reductase (TRR)/thioredoxin (TRX) increased the level of growth-promoting hormones, trees were treated with water (control), with OC kappa, or with inhibitors of ascorbate synthesis, lycorine, glutathione synthesis, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), NADPH synthesis, CHS-828, and thioredoxin reductase activity, auranofine, and with OC kappa, and cultivated for four additional months. Eucalyptus trees treated with OC kappa showed an increase in the levels of the auxin indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin A3 (GA3) and the cytokinin trans-zeatin (t-Z) as well as a decrease in the level of the brassinosteroid epi-brassinolide (EB). In addition, treatment with lycorine, BSO, CHS-828 and auranofine inhibited the increase in IAA, GA3 and t-Z as well as the decrease in EB levels. Thus, the reducing redox status and the activation of TRR/TRX system induced by OC kappa increased the levels of IAA, GA3 and t-Z levels determining, at least in part, the stimulation of growth in Eucalyptus trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto González
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo A Contreras
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Gustavo Zúiga
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alejandra Moenne
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
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González A, Gutiérrez-Cutiño M, Moenne A. Oligo-carrageenan kappa-induced reducing redox status and increase in TRR/TRX activities promote activation and reprogramming of terpenoid metabolism in Eucalyptus trees. Molecules 2014; 19:7356-67. [PMID: 24905605 PMCID: PMC6270820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19067356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to analyze whether the reducing redox status and activation of thioredoxin reductase (TRR)/thioredoxin(TRX) system induced by oligo-carrageenan (OC) kappa in Eucalyptus globulus activate secondary metabolism increasing terpenoid synthesis, trees were sprayed on the leaves with water, with OC kappa, or with inhibitors of NAD(P)H, ascorbate (ASC) and (GSH) synthesis and TRR activity, CHS-828, lycorine, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and auranofine, respectively, and with OC kappa and cultivated for four months. The main terpenoids in control Eucalyptus trees were eucalyptol (76%), α-pinene (7.4%), aromadendrene (3.6%), silvestrene (2.8%), sabinene (2%) and α-terpineol (0.9%). Treated trees showed a 22% increase in total essential oils as well as a decrease in eucalyptol (65%) and sabinene (0.8%) and an increase in aromadendrene (5%), silvestrene (7.8%) and other ten terpenoids. In addition, treated Eucalyptus showed seven de novo synthesized terpenoids corresponding to carene, α-terpinene, α-fenchene, γ-maaliene, spathulenol and α-camphenolic aldehyde. Most increased and de novo synthesized terpenoids have potential insecticidal and antimicrobial activities. Trees treated with CHS-828, lycorine, BSO and auranofine and with OC kappa showed an inhibition of increased and de novo synthesized terpenoids. Thus, OC kappa-induced reducing redox status and activation of TRR/TRX system enhance secondary metabolism increasing the synthesis of terpenoids and reprogramming of terpenoid metabolism in Eucalyptus trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto González
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile.
| | - Marlen Gutiérrez-Cutiño
- Molecular Magnetism Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile.
| | - Alejandra Moenne
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile.
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