1
|
Song Y, Cui H, Guo W, Sindhu L, Lv S, Li L, Yu Y, Men X. Endophytic fungi improved wheat resistance to Rhopalosiphum padi by decreasing its feeding efficiency and population fitness. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115865. [PMID: 38134640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of crop resistance to insect using endophytic fungi is an environmentally friendly and sustainable strategy for agricultural pest control. Clarifying the efficacy and mechanism of endophytic fungi in improving crop resistance to pest offers the opportunity for biological control. In this study, changes in the transcriptome and defense compounds of wheat inoculated with endophytic fungal strains (i.e., YC and BB) were evaluated, and the efficacy of endophytic fungi in improving wheat resistance to Rhopalosiphum padi was studied. The results showed that the numbers of upregulated differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in wheat plants inoculated with endophytic fungal strains YC and BB were higher than those of the downregulated DEGs, irrespective of R. padi infestation. Defense-related metabolic pathways, such as plant hormone signal transduction and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched. Endophytic fungal strains YC and BB significantly increased jasmonic acid, DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one), total flavone, and tannin contents in wheat plants (P < 0.05) but decreased salicylic acid content. Variations in the contents of defense compounds were significantly correlated with decreased feeding, development, and reproduction of R. padi fed on wheat plants inoculated with strains YC and BB (|r| = 0.68-0.91, P < 0.05). The results suggested that endophytic fungi significantly decreased the feeding efficiency and population fitness [YC: (-11.13%) - (-22.07%); BB: (-10.98%) - (-22.20%)] of R. padi by altering the phytohormone pathway and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in wheat plants. This study helps in understanding of the efficacy of endophytic fungi in improving wheat resistance to insect and will be conducive to integrated pest management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Song
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hongying Cui
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenxiu Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lara Sindhu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Suhong Lv
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xingyuan Men
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gutiérrez-Sánchez Á, Cobos A, López-Herranz M, Canto T, Pagán I. Environmental Conditions Modulate Plant Virus Vertical Transmission and Survival of Infected Seeds. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1773-1787. [PMID: 36880795 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-22-0448-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seed transmission is a major mode for plant virus persistence and dispersal, as it allows for virus survival within the seed in unfavorable conditions and facilitates spread when they become more favorable. To access these benefits, viruses require infected seeds to remain viable and germinate in altered environmental conditions, which may also be advantageous for the plant. However, how environmental conditions and virus infection affect seed viability, and whether these effects modulate seed transmission rate and plant fitness, is unknown. To address these questions, we utilized turnip mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, and Arabidopsis thaliana as model systems. Using seeds from plants infected by these viruses, we analyzed seed germination rates, as a proxy of seed viability, and virus seed transmission rate under standard and altered temperature, CO2, and light intensity. With these data, we developed and parameterized a mathematical epidemiological model to explore the consequences of the observed alterations on virus prevalence and persistence. Altered conditions generally reduced overall seed viability and increased virus transmission rate compared with standard conditions, which indicated that under environmental stress, infected seeds are more viable. Hence, virus presence may be beneficial for the host. Subsequent simulations predicted that enhanced viability of infected seeds and higher virus transmission rate may increase virus prevalence and persistence in the host population under altered conditions. This work provides novel information on the influence of the environment in plant virus epidemics. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Gutiérrez-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA and E.T.S. Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Alberto Cobos
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA and E.T.S. Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Marisa López-Herranz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA and E.T.S. Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Tomás Canto
- Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Israel Pagán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA and E.T.S. Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Wang C, Li H, Gao Y, Yang Y, Lu Y. Bottom-Up Effects of Drought-Stressed Cotton Plants on Performance and Feeding Behavior of Aphis gossypii. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2886. [PMID: 37571039 PMCID: PMC10420646 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought, a major stress for crop plants, is expected to increase in frequency due to climate change. Drought can alter crop growth and levels of secondary plant metabolites, which in turn can affect herbivores, but this latter point is still controversial. This study used three different polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) levels (0%, 1%, and 3%) to simulate drought stress and evaluated their effects on cotton plants and the impacts on the performance of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii. Cotton plants under drought stress showed decreased water content, above-ground biomass, and nitrogen content and increased soluble protein, soluble sugar, and tannin contents. Based on analysis of the developmental time and fecundity data from individuals and at the population level, a significantly lower fecundity and population abundance of A. gossypii were detected on cotton plants with drought stress, which supports the "plant vigor hypothesis". The poor development of A. gossypii is possibly related to lower xylem sap and phloem ingestion under drought stress. In addition, the increased tannin content of cotton plants induced by drought and lower detoxification enzyme activities of A. gossypii may have affected the responses of aphids to drought-stressed plants. Overall, the results showed that drought stress altered the physiological characteristics of the cotton plants, resulting in adverse bottom-up effects on cotton aphid performances. This implies that the adoption of drip irrigation under plastic film that can help alleviate drought stress may favor the population growth of cotton aphids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (Y.G.)
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225007, China
| | - Huatong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yizhong Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225007, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (Y.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tao T, Wang Z, Mao R, Hussain M, Arthurs SP, Ye F, An X, Gao J. Vermicompost Amendments Disrupt Feeding Behavior of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama and Boost Activities of Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid Pathway-Related Enzymes in Citrus. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050410. [PMID: 37233038 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants grown with vermicompost amendments are known to be harmful to sap-sucking insects, but the underlying mechanism remains to be determined. Here we investigated the feeding behavior of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama on Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F using the electrical penetration graph technique. Plants were grown in soil with different vermicompost rates (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% w/w). Additionally, plants were tested for the activity of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathway-related enzymes. When compared to the control, vermicompost treatments (40% and 60%) decreased duration of phloem sap feeding and increased duration of the pathway phase of D. citri, and the 60% vermicompost made it more difficult for D. citri to reach and gain access to phloem sap. Enzymatic assays indicated that the 40% amendment rate increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase (involved in the SA pathway) and polyphenol oxidase (involved in the JA pathway), while the 60% amendment rate increased -1,3-glucanases (involved in the SA pathway) and lipoxygenase (involved in the JA pathway). The 20% amendment rate had no effect on feeding or enzyme activities. This study revealed that vermicompost amendments can reduce the efficiency of D. citri feeding, which may result from increased plant resistance via the SA and JA pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonglai Tao
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Zhaohong Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Runqian Mao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Mubasher Hussain
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | | | - Fengxian Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xincheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lu Z, Sun Z, Li Y, Hao R, Chen Y, Chen B, Qin X, Tao X, Gui F. Effects of Elevated CO 2 Concentration on Host Adaptability and Chlorantraniliprole Susceptibility in Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECTS 2022; 13:1029. [PMID: 36354853 PMCID: PMC9699368 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO2) can affect both herbivorous insects and their host plants. The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a highly polyphagous agricultural pest that may attack more than 350 host plant species and has developed resistance to both conventional and novel-action insecticides. However, the effects of eCO2 on host adaptability and insecticide resistance of FAW are unclear. We hypothesized that eCO2 might affect insecticide resistance of FAW by affecting its host plants. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of eCO2 on (1) FAW's susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole after feeding on wheat, (2) FAW's population performance traits (including the growth and reproduction), and (3) changes in gene expression in the FAW by transcriptome sequencing. The toxicity of chlorantraniliprole against the FAW under eCO2 (800 µL/L) stress showed that the LC50 values were 2.40, 2.06, and 1.46 times the values at the ambient CO2 concentration (400 µL/L, aCO2) for the three generations, respectively. Under eCO2, the life span of pupae and adults and the total number of generations were significantly shorter than the FAW under aCO2. Compared to the aCO2 treatment, the weights of the 3rd and 4th instar larvae and pupae of FAW under eCO2 were significantly heavier. Transcriptome sequencing results showed that more than 79 detoxification enzyme genes in FAW were upregulated under eCO2 treatment, including 40 P450, 5 CarE, 17 ABC, and 7 UGT genes. Our results showed that eCO2 increased the population performance of FAW on wheat and reduced its susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole by inducing the expression of detoxification enzyme genes. This study has important implications for assessing the damage of FAW in the future under the environment of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhongxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yahong Li
- Yunnan Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Ruoshi Hao
- Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agriculture Industry Research Institute, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiaoping Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Furong Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang YX, Chen HF, Yin ZY, Chen WL, Lu LT. The genetic adaptations of Toxoptera aurantii facilitated its rapid multiple plant hosts dispersal and invasion. Genomics 2022; 114:110472. [PMID: 36055573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe (Hemiptera: Aphididae) can attack many plant hosts, including tea (Camellia sinensis L.), citrus (Citrus spp.), lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), banana (Musa spp.), and pineapple (Ananas comasus L.) among others. It is a widely distributed hexapod and one of the most destructive pests in tea plantations, causing enormous economic losses in tea production each year. A high-quality reference genome is important to study the phylogenetics and evolution of T. aurantii because its genome is highly heterozygous and repetitive. We obtained a de novo genome assembly of T. aurantii at the chromosome level using a combination of long Nanopore reads from sequencing with high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technology. When finally assembled, the genome was 318.95 Mb on four chromosomes with a 15.19 Mb scaffold N50. A total of 12,162 genes encoded proteins, while there were 22.01% repetitive sequences that totaled 67.73 Mb. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that T. aurantii and Aphis gossypii parted ways approximately 7.6 million years ago (Mya). We used a combination of long-read single-molecule sequencing with Hi-C-based chromatin interaction maps that resulted in a reference chromosomal level reference genome of T. aurantii that was high quality. Our results will enable the exploration of the genetics behind the special biological features of T. aurantii and also provide a source of data that should be useful to compare the compare genome among the Hemiptera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hu-Fang Chen
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zheng-Yan Yin
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wen-Long Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Li-Tang Lu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bazinet Q, Tang L, Bede JC. Impact of Future Elevated Carbon Dioxide on C 3 Plant Resistance to Biotic Stresses. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:527-539. [PMID: 34889654 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-21-0189-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Before the end of the century, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are predicted to increase to approximately 900 ppm. This will dramatically affect plant physiology and influence environmental interactions and, in particular, plant resistance to biotic stresses. This review is a broad survey of the current research on the effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on phytohormone-mediated resistance of C3 agricultural crops and related model species to pathogens and insect herbivores. In general, while plants grown in eCO2 often have increased constitutive and induced salicylic acid levels and suppressed induced jasmonate levels, there are exceptions that implicate other environmental factors, such as light and nitrogen fertilization in modulating these responses. Therefore, this review sets the stage for future studies to delve into understanding the mechanistic basis behind how eCO2 will affect plant defensive phytohormone signaling pathways under future predicted environmental conditions that could threaten global food security to inform the best agricultural management practices.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quinn Bazinet
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Lawrence Tang
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jacqueline C Bede
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie H, Shi F, Li J, Yu M, Yang X, Li Y, Fan J. The Reciprocal Effect of Elevated CO 2 and Drought on Wheat-Aphid Interaction System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:853220. [PMID: 35909776 PMCID: PMC9330134 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rising concentration of atmospheric CO2, climate change is predicted to intensify episodes of drought. However, our understanding of how combined environmental conditions, such as elevated CO2 and drought together, will influence crop-insect interactions is limited. In the present study, the direct effects of combined elevated CO2 and drought stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum) nutritional quality and insect resistance, and the indirect effects on the grain aphid (Sitobion miscanthi) performance were investigated. The results showed that, in wheat, elevated CO2 alleviated low water content caused by drought stress. Both elevated CO2 and drought promoted soluble sugar accumulation. However, opposite effects were found on amino acid content-it was decreased by elevated CO2 and increased by drought. Further, elevated CO2 down-regulated the jasmonic acid (JA) -dependent defense, but up-regulated the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense. Meanwhile, drought enhanced abscisic acid accumulation that promoted the JA-dependent defense. For aphids, their feeding always induced phytohormone resistance in wheat under either elevated CO2 or drought conditions. Similar aphid performance between the control and the combined two factors were observed. We concluded that the aphid damage suffered by wheat in the future under combined elevated CO2 and drier conditions tends to maintain the status quo. We further revealed the mechanism by which it happened from the aspects of wheat water content, nutrition, and resistance to aphids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haicui Xie
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Fengyu Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jingshi Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Miaomiao Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuetao Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yun Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jia Fan
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Fan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Challenges and opportunities for plant viruses under a climate change scenario. Adv Virus Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
Liu J, Wang C, Desneux N, Lu Y. Impact of Temperature on Survival Rate, Fecundity, and Feeding Behavior of Two Aphids, Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii, When Reared on Cotton. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12060565. [PMID: 34205528 PMCID: PMC8235302 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Aphid performance is sensitive to temperature changes. Previous studies found that Acyrthosiphon gossypii (Mordviiko) was more sensitive to high temperature than Aphis gossypii (Glover). However, the effects of high temperatures on the survival, fecundity, and feeding behavior of these two aphid adults are not clear. This study examined the effect of different temperatures (29 °C, 32 °C, and 35 °C) on the adult survival rate, fecundity, and feeding behavior of these two aphid species. Our results showed that the adverse effects of high temperatures (32 °C and 35 °C) on aphid adult survival and fecundity were greater for Ac. gossypii than Ap. gossypii. The electrical penetration graph (EPG) data showed that Ac. gossypii spent more time feeding on xylem than phloem under all temperature treatments, which contrasted with Ap. gossypii. The time of phloem ingestion by Ap. gossypii at 32 °C was significantly higher than at 29 °C, while for Ac. gossypii, this value significantly decreased when temperature increased. These feeding patterns indicate that Ac. gossypii obtains less nutrition from phloem in support of its development and fecundity. Data generated in this study will serve as the basis for predicting the effects of increased temperature on these two cotton aphids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France;
| | - Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang L, Wang X, Gao F, Lv C, Li L, Han T, Chen F. AMF Inoculation Can Enhance Yield of Transgenic Bt Maize and Its Control Efficiency Against Mythimna separata Especially Under Elevated CO 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:655060. [PMID: 34168665 PMCID: PMC8217876 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.655060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The promotion and application of transgenic Bt crops provides an approach for the prevention and control of target lepidopteran pests and effectively relieves the environmental pressure caused by the massive usage of chemical pesticides in fields. However, studies have shown that Bt crops will face a new risk due to a decrease in exogenous toxin content under elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, thus negatively affecting the ecological sustainability of Bt crops. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important beneficial microorganisms that can effectively improve the nutrient status of host plants and are expected to relieve the ecological risk of Bt crops under increasing CO2 due to global climate change. In this study, the Bt maize and its parental line of non-transgenic Bt maize were selected and inoculated with a species of AMF (Funneliformis caledonium, synonyms: Glomus caledonium), in order to study the secondary defensive chemicals and yield of maize, and to explore the effects of F. caledonium inoculation on the growth, development, and reproduction of the pest Mythimna separata fed on Bt maize and non-Bt maize under ambient carbon dioxide concentration (aCO2) and elevated carbon dioxide concentration (eCO2). The results showed that eCO2 increased the AM fungal colonization, maize yield, and foliar contents of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), but decreased foliar Bt toxin content and Bt gene expression in Bt maize leaves. F. caledonium inoculation increased maize yield, foliar JA, SA contents, Bt toxin contents, and Bt gene expression in Bt maize leaves, and positively improved the growth, development, reproduction, and food utilization of the M. separata fed on non-Bt maize. However, F. caledonium inoculation was unfavorable for the fitness of M. separata fed on Bt maize, and the effect was intensified when combined with eCO2. It is indicated that F. caledonium inoculation had adverse effects on the production of non-Bt maize due to the high potential risk of population occurrence of M. separata, while it was just the opposite for Bt maize. Therefore, this study confirms that the AMF can increase the yield and promote the expression levels of its endogenous (JA, SA) and exogenous (Bt toxin) secondary defense substances of Bt maize under eCO2, and finally can enhance the insect resistance capacity of Bt crops, which will help ensure the sustainable utilization and safety of Bt crops under climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fanqi Gao
- Jinshanbao Experimental Class, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changning Lv
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Likun Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Han
- Department of Phytology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pokharel SS, Shen F, Parajulee MN, Wang Y, Chen F. Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on tea quality and insect pests’ occurrences: A review. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
13
|
Schmitt L, Burghardt KT. Urbanization as a disrupter and facilitator of insect herbivore behaviors and life cycles. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 45:97-105. [PMID: 33676055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insect herbivores require a variety of habitats across their life cycle, with behavior often mediating transitions between life stages or habitats. Human management strongly alters urban habitats, yet herbivore behavior is rarely examined in cities. We review the existing literature on several key behaviors: host finding, feeding, egg placement and pupation location, and antipredator defense. We emphasize that unapparent portions of the life cycle, such as the habitat of the overwintering stage, may influence if urbanized areas act as population sources or sinks. Here, management of the soil surface and aboveground biomass are two areas with especially pressing research gaps. Lastly, high variability in urban environments may select for more plastic behaviors or greater generalism. We encourage future research that assesses both behavior and less apparent portions of insect life cycles to determine best practices for conservation and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Schmitt
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Karin T Burghardt
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Senthil-Nathan S. Effects of elevated CO 2 on resistant and susceptible rice cultivar and its primary host, brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Sci Rep 2021; 11:8905. [PMID: 33903626 PMCID: PMC8076292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The elevated CO2 (eCO2) has positive response on plant growth and negative response on insect pests. As a contemplation, the feeding pattern of the brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål on susceptible and resistant rice cultivars and their growth rates exposed to eCO2 conditions were analyzed. The eCO2 treatment showed significant differences in percentage of emergence and rice biomass that were consistent across the rice cultivars, when compared to the ambient conditions. Similarly, increase in carbon and decrese in nitrogen ratio of leaves and alterations in defensive peroxidase enzyme levels were observed, but was non-linear among the cultivars tested. Lower survivorship and nutritional indices of N. lugens were observed in conditions of eCO2 levels over ambient conditions. Results were nonlinear in manner. We conclude that the plant carbon accumulation increased due to eCO2, causing physiological changes that decreased nitrogen content. Similarly, eCO2 increased insect feeding, and did alter other variables such as their biology or reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tenkasi, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zytynska SE. Embracing the complexity of plant-microbe-insect interactions under a changing climate for sustainable agriculture. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 44:89-94. [PMID: 33887532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using beneficial soil bacteria to promote plant growth and reduce pests is a promising direction for sustainable agriculture. However, we need to understand the ecological basis of these interactions in order to identify those with the greatest potential to have an impact in the field. To do this, we need to embrace the complexity of multifactorial experiments to observe the strength of benefits across variable environments. I briefly review the recent literature on plant-microbe-insect interactions across changing environments, focusing on those using multiple factors. I finish by exploring ecological research approaches and multifactorial experimental designs that can be used to simplify the study of plant-microbe-insect interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Zytynska
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guo H, Ge P, Tong J, Zhang Y, Peng X, Zhao Z, Ge F, Sun Y. Elevated Carbon Dioxide Levels Decreases Cucumber Mosaic Virus Accumulation in Correlation with Greater Accumulation of rgs-CaM, an Inhibitor of a Viral Suppressor of RNAi. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E59. [PMID: 33383811 PMCID: PMC7824600 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses cause a range of plant diseases symptoms that are often responsible for significant crop production losses and the severity and spread of the symptoms may be affected by climate change. While the increase in anthropogenic activities has caused a critical problem of increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere, these elevated CO2 levels have been reported to reduce virus disease severity in some plant species. In such instances, it is not clear if the plant defense mechanisms are being enhanced or virus-mediated mechanisms to overcome plant resistance are being defeated. Additionally, a few studies have been attempted in this area to determine if reduced disease is the norm or the exception under enhanced CO2 levels. In the present study, the effects of elevated CO2 levels (750 ppm vs. 390 ppm) on RNAi-mediated resistance of Nicotiana tabacum against the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and the activity of viral suppressor of RNAi (VSR) 2b protein of CMV were evaluated. On the one hand, our results showed that elevated CO2 decreased the transcription of dicer-like protein 2 (DCL2), DCL4, and argonaut 1 (AGO1) genes with functions related to RNAi-mediated resistance when infected by CMV, which is contradictory with the decreased CMV copy numbers under elevated CO2. On the other hand, we found that elevated CO2 increased the calcium concentration and expression of the calcium-binding protein rgs-CaM in tobacco plants when infected by CMV, which directly weakened the function of 2b protein, the VSR of CMV, and therefore decreased the infection efficiency of the virus and suppressed the severity of CMV in tobacco plants under elevated CO2. This study provides molecular insights into the ecological implications underlying the development of prevention strategies against plant virus infection in the context of climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.G.); (P.G.); (J.T.); (Y.Z.); (X.P.)
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Panpan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.G.); (P.G.); (J.T.); (Y.Z.); (X.P.)
| | - Jiahui Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.G.); (P.G.); (J.T.); (Y.Z.); (X.P.)
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.G.); (P.G.); (J.T.); (Y.Z.); (X.P.)
| | - Xinhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.G.); (P.G.); (J.T.); (Y.Z.); (X.P.)
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zihua Zhao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.G.); (P.G.); (J.T.); (Y.Z.); (X.P.)
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yucheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.G.); (P.G.); (J.T.); (Y.Z.); (X.P.)
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang L, Kamphuis LG, Guo Y, Jacques S, Singh KB, Gao LL. Ethylene Is Not Essential for R-Gene Mediated Resistance but Negatively Regulates Moderate Resistance to Some Aphids in Medicago truncatula. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134657. [PMID: 32629952 PMCID: PMC7369913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene is important for plant responses to environmental factors. However, little is known about its role in aphid resistance. Several types of genetic resistance against multiple aphid species, including both moderate and strong resistance mediated by R genes, have been identified in Medicago truncatula. To investigate the potential role of ethylene, a M. truncatula ethylene- insensitive mutant, sickle, was analysed. The sickle mutant occurs in the accession A17 that has moderate resistance to Acyrthosiphon kondoi, A. pisum and Therioaphis trifolii. The sickle mutant resulted in increased antibiosis-mediated resistance against A. kondoi and T. trifolii but had no effect on A. pisum. When sickle was introduced into a genetic background carrying resistance genes, AKR (A. kondoi resistance), APR (A. pisum resistance) and TTR (T. trifolii resistance), it had no effect on the strong aphid resistance mediated by these genes, suggesting that ethylene signaling is not essential for their function. Interestingly, for the moderate aphid resistant accession, the sickle mutant delayed leaf senescence following aphid infestation and reduced the plant biomass losses caused by both A. kondoi and T. trifolii. These results suggest manipulation of the ethylene signaling pathway could provide aphid resistance and enhance plant tolerance against aphid feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Wembley, WA 6014, Australia; (L.Z.); (L.G.K.); (Y.G.); (S.J.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Lars G. Kamphuis
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Wembley, WA 6014, Australia; (L.Z.); (L.G.K.); (Y.G.); (S.J.)
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yanqiong Guo
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Wembley, WA 6014, Australia; (L.Z.); (L.G.K.); (Y.G.); (S.J.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Silke Jacques
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Wembley, WA 6014, Australia; (L.Z.); (L.G.K.); (Y.G.); (S.J.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Karam B. Singh
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Wembley, WA 6014, Australia; (L.Z.); (L.G.K.); (Y.G.); (S.J.)
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.B.S.); (L.-L.G.); Tel.:+61-8-9333-6320 (K.B.S.); Fax: +61-8-9387-8991 (K.B.S.)
| | - Ling-Ling Gao
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Wembley, WA 6014, Australia; (L.Z.); (L.G.K.); (Y.G.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: (K.B.S.); (L.-L.G.); Tel.:+61-8-9333-6320 (K.B.S.); Fax: +61-8-9387-8991 (K.B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Accumulation of Urban Insect Pests in China: 50 Years’ Observations on Camphor Tree (Cinnamomum camphora). SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12041582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since China experienced a rapid and unprecedented process of urbanization and climate change from 1978 onwards, pest outbreaks were frequently reported on urban forests, which reflects a significant imbalance between natural regulation and human control. Based on information extracted from all journal articles and reports about insect pests on camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) in urban China, we characterized historical patterns and trends in pest outbreaks over large areas. Our results suggested that (1) most distribution areas of C. camphora in urban China had pest records (14 provinces) over the last 50 years, especially at the south-eastern coastal areas; (2) pests on camphor tree in urban China showed an accelerated growth since the 1990s; and (3) pests on camphor tree in urban China were characterized by native and leaf-feeding species. Urbanization seems to positively correlate with urban pest outbreaks. Changes of urban pest outbreaks could largely be described by synchronic changes of socio-economic indicators, of which CO2 emissions as metric tons per capita is the most significant predictor, followed by GDP and human population. Thus, managers and city planners should allocate resources to socio-economic-related pest outbreaks for a sustainable ecosystem.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zytynska SE, Eicher M, Rothballer M, Weisser WW. Microbial-Mediated Plant Growth Promotion and Pest Suppression Varies Under Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:573578. [PMID: 33013998 PMCID: PMC7511531 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.573578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is altering the dynamics of crop pests and diseases resulting in reduced crop yields. Using beneficial soil bacterial to increase crop health is a quickly developing area in sustainable agriculture, but it is unknown if climate change or interactions with other species could alter their effect. The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Acidovorax radicis N35 is known to increase barley (Hordeum vulgare) plant growth under laboratory conditions, and we tested the stability of the plant-bacterial interactions when exposed to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) levels while infesting the aboveground leaves with cereal aphids (Sitobion avenae) and the soil with beneficial earthworms. Acidovorax radicis N35 increased plant growth and reduced insect growth - with greatest effect in a high-stress elevated O3 environment, but reduced effects under elevated CO2. Earthworms promoted both plant and insect growth, but inoculation with A. radicis N35 alleviated some of the earthworm-mediated increase in pest abundance, particularly in the ambient environment. The consistency of these beneficial effects highlights the potential of exploiting local species interactions for predicting and mitigating climate change effects in managed systems. We conclude that microbial bioprotectants have high potential for benefiting agriculture via plant-growth promotion and pest suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E. Zytynska
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sharon E. Zytynska,
| | - Moritz Eicher
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Rothballer
- Institute of Network Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li L, Wang M, Pokharel SS, Li C, Parajulee MN, Chen F, Fang W. Effects of elevated CO 2 on foliar soluble nutrients and functional components of tea, and population dynamics of tea aphid, Toxoptera aurantii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 145:84-94. [PMID: 31675526 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The rising atmospheric CO2 concentration has shown to affect plant physiology and chemistry by altering plant primary and secondary metabolisms. Nevertheless, the impacts of elevated CO2 on plant nutrients and functional components of tea remain largely unknown, which will likely affect tea quality and taste under climate change scenario. Being sources of nutrients and secondary chemicals/metabolites for herbivorous insects, the variation in foliar soluble nutrients and functional components of tea plants resulting from CO2 enrichment will further affect the herbivorous insects' occurrence and feeding ecology. In this study, the tea aphid, Toxoptera aurantii was selected as the phloem-feeding herbivore to study the effects of elevated CO2 on foliar soluble nutrients and functional components of tea seedlings, and the population dynamics of T. aurantii. The results indicated that elevated CO2 enhanced the photosynthetic ability and improved the plant growth of tea seedlings compared with ambient CO2, with significant increases in net photosynthetic rate (+20%), intercellular CO2 concentration (+15.74%), leaf biomass (+15.04%) and root-to-shoot ratio (+8.08%), and significant decreases in stomatal conductance (-5.52%) and transpiration rate (-9.40%) of tea seedlings. Moreover, elevated CO2 significantly increased the foliar content of soluble sugars (+4.74%), theanine (+3.66%) and polyphenols (+12.01%) and reduced the foliar content of free amino acids (-9.09%) and caffeine (-3.38%) of tea seedlings compared with ambient CO2. Furthermore, the relative transcript levels of the genes of theanine synthetase (+18.64%), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (+49.50%), s'-adenosine methionine synthetase (+143.03%) and chalcone synthase (+61.86%) were up-regulated, and that of caffeine synthase (-56.91%) was down-regulated for the tea seedlings grown under elevated CO2 relative to ambient CO2. In addition, the foliar contents of jasmonic acid (+98.6%) and salicylic acid (+155.6%) also increased for the tea seedlings grown under elevated CO2 in contrast to ambient CO2. Also, significant increases in the population abundance of T. aurantii (+4.24%-41.17%) were observed when they fed on tea seedlings grown under elevated CO2 compared to ambient CO2. It is presumed that the tea quality and taste will be improved owing to the enhanced foliar soluble nutrients and functional components of tea seedlings under the climate change scenario, especially on account of the rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, while the climate change may exacerbate the occurrence of tea aphid, T. aurantii, despite the enhanced secondary defensive chemicals manifested by the CO2 enrichment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Likun Li
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengfei Wang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | | | - Chunxu Li
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Megha N Parajulee
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and ExtensionCenter, Lubbock, TX79403, USA
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Wanping Fang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Silva DM, Auad AM, Moraes JC, Silva SEB. How Do Collaria oleosa and Brachiaria spp. Respond to Increase in Carbon Dioxide Levels? NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:340-348. [PMID: 30374739 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study determines the indirect effect of CO2 level increase on Collaria oleosa (Distant, 1863) (Hemiptera: Miridae) fed on Brachiaria spp. (Poaceae), at two trophic levels, and evaluates resistance to these forages against the insect pest. Mirid bug nymphs and host plant were maintained under four climate environments: (1) nymphs and plants kept at 400 ppm CO2 level; (2) nymphs kept at 400 ppm CO2 level and fed on plants grown at 700 ppm CO2 level; (3) nymphs kept at 700 ppm CO2 level and fed on plants grown at 400 ppm CO2 level; (4) nymphs and plants kept at 700 ppm CO2 level. A totally randomized design was employed with 50 replications. Mean duration and survival of each instar and nymphal phase of insect, subjected to different climate scenarios and food sources, were evaluated. High CO2 levels promote changes in the plant, which trigger changes in the biology of C. oleosa, especially when the insects are kept at the current CO2 level. Moreover, since longer developmental period and shorter survival rates will induce the reduction of the number of generations and number of specimens, it may be underscored that B. brizantha species resistance will be maintained in future climate scenarios. Similarly, genotypes of B. ruziziensis demonstrated that they will be resistant at current and future CO2 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Silva
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - A M Auad
- Lab de Entomologia, Embrapa Gado de Leite, Rua Eugênio do Nascimento, 610, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038330, Brasil.
| | - J C Moraes
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - S E B Silva
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jiang S, Dai Y, Lu Y, Fan S, Liu Y, Bodlah MA, Parajulee MN, Chen F. Molecular Evidence for the Fitness of Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii in Response to Elevated CO 2 From the Perspective of Feeding Behavior Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1444. [PMID: 30483140 PMCID: PMC6240613 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is likely to influence insect-plant interactions. Aphid, as a typical phloem-feeding herbivorous insect, has shown consistently more positive responses in fitness to elevated CO2 concentrations than those seen in leaf-chewing insects. But, little is known about the mechanism of this performance. In this study, the foliar soluble constituents of cotton and the life history of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii and its mean relative growth rate (MRGR) and feeding behavior were measured, as well as the relative transcript levels of target genes related appetite, salivary proteins, molting hormone (MH), and juvenile hormone, to investigate the fitness of A. gossypii in response to elevated CO2 (800 ppm vs. 400 ppm). The results indicated that elevated CO2 significantly stimulated the increase in concentrations of soluble proteins in the leaf and sucrose in seedlings. Significant increases in adult longevity, lifespan, fecundity, and MRGR of A. gossypii were found under elevated CO2 in contrast to ambient CO2. Furthermore, the feeding behavior of A. gossypii was significantly affected by elevated CO2, including significant shortening of the time of stylet penetration to phloem position and significant decrease in the mean frequency of xylem phase. It is presumed that the fitness of A. gossypii can be enhanced, resulting from the increases in nutrient sources and potential increase in the duration of phloem ingestion under elevated CO2 in contrast to ambient CO2. In addition, the qPCR results also demonstrated that the genes related to appetite and salivary proteins were significantly upregulated, whereas, the genes related to MH were significantly downregulated under elevated CO2 in contrast to ambient CO2, this is in accordance with the performance of A. gossypii in response to elevated CO2. In conclusion, rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration can enhance the fitness of A. gossypii by increasing their ingestion of higher quantity and higher quality of host plant tissues and by simultaneously upregulating the transcript expression of the genes related to appetite and salivary proteins, and then this may increase the control risk of A. gossypii under conditions of climate change in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoulin Jiang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Personnel Department, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqing Lu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqin Fan
- Qidong Agricultural Commission, Qidong, China
| | - Yanmin Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Bodlah
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Megha N. Parajulee
- Texas A&M University AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kanle Satishchandra N, Vaddi S, Naik SO, Chakravarthy AK, Atlihan R. Effect of Temperature and CO2 on Population Growth of South American Tomato Moth, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on Tomato. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:1614-1624. [PMID: 29868891 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different temperatures (26, 28, 30, and 32°C) and CO2 concentrations (380 and 550 ppm) on the life table of Tuta absoluta were evaluated. The life history raw data of T. absoluta were analyzed by using the age-stage, two-sex life table. Results showed that increase in temperature reduced the larval developmental time of T. absoluta, whereas the elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2) extended the larval developmental time. Highest fecundity rate was recorded at 30°C at ambient CO2 (aCO2) condition (88.10 eggs). Total fecundity significantly reduced under eCO2 at 28°C and 30°C. There was a 5-10% higher mortality observed under eCO2 than aCO2 condition. With rise in temperature from 26-30°C, T. absoluta reared under eCO2 condition showed lower net reproductive rate, intrinsic and finite rate of increase in comparison to aCO2. However, these parameters started decreasing at 32°C under both eCO2 and aCO2 conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kanle Satishchandra
- Division of Entomology and Nematology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru, India
- Faculty of Science, Jain University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sridhar Vaddi
- Division of Entomology and Nematology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sangya Onkara Naik
- Division of Entomology and Nematology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru, India
| | - Akshay Kumar Chakravarthy
- Division of Entomology and Nematology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru, India
| | - Remzi Atlihan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kremer JMM, Nooten SS, Cook JM, Ryalls JMW, Barton CVM, Johnson SN. Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations promote ant tending of aphids. J Anim Ecol 2018; 87:1475-1483. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenni M. M. Kremer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment; Western Sydney University; Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Sabine S. Nooten
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment; Western Sydney University; Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - James M. Cook
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment; Western Sydney University; Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - James M. W. Ryalls
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment; Western Sydney University; Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Craig V. M. Barton
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment; Western Sydney University; Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Scott N. Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment; Western Sydney University; Penrith New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lu C, Qi J, Hettenhausen C, Lei Y, Zhang J, Zhang M, Zhang C, Song J, Li J, Cao G, Malook SU, Wu J. Elevated CO 2 differentially affects tobacco and rice defense against lepidopteran larvae via the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:412-431. [PMID: 29319235 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 levels are rapidly increasing due to human activities. However, the effects of elevated CO2 (ECO2 ) on plant defense against insects and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that ECO2 increased the photosynthetic rates and the biomass of tobacco and rice plants, and the chewing lepidopteran insects Spodoptera litura and Mythimna separata gained less and more mass on tobacco and rice plants, respectively. Consistently, under ECO2 , the levels of jasmonic acid (JA), the main phytohormone controlling plant defense against these lepidopteran insects, as well as the main defense-related metabolites, were increased and decreased in insect-damaged tobacco and rice plants. Importantly, bioassays and quantification of defense-related metabolites in tobacco and rice silenced in JA biosynthesis and perception indicate that ECO2 changes plant resistance mainly by affecting the JA pathway. We further demonstrate that the defensive metabolites, but not total N or protein, are the main factors contributing to the altered defense levels under ECO2 . This study illustrates that ECO2 changes the interplay between plants and insects, and we propose that crops should be studied for their resistance to the major pests under ECO2 to predict the impact of ECO2 on future agroecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Lu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Christian Hettenhausen
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yunting Lei
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jingxiong Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mou Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guoyan Cao
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Saif Ul Malook
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Johnson SN, Ryalls JMW, Gherlenda AN, Frew A, Hartley SE. Benefits from Below: Silicon Supplementation Maintains Legume Productivity under Predicted Climate Change Scenarios. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:202. [PMID: 29527218 PMCID: PMC5829608 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Many studies demonstrate that elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO2) can promote root nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in legumes such as lucerne (Medicago sativa). But when elevated temperature (eT) conditions are applied in tandem with eCO2, a more realistic scenario for future climate change, the positive effects of eCO2 on nodulation and BNF in M. sativa are often much reduced. Silicon (Si) supplementation of M. sativa has also been reported to promote root nodulation and BNF, so could potentially restore the positive effects of eCO2 under eT. Increased nitrogen availability, however, could also increase host suitability for aphid pests, potentially negating any benefit. We applied eCO2 (+240 ppm) and eT (+4°C), separately and in combination, to M. sativa growing in Si supplemented (Si+) and un-supplemented soil (Si-) to determine whether Si moderated the effects of eCO2 and eT. Plants were either inoculated with the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum or insect-free. In Si- soils, eCO2 stimulated plant growth by 67% and nodulation by 42%, respectively, whereas eT reduced these parameters by 26 and 48%, respectively. Aphids broadly mirrored these effects on Si- plants, increasing colonization rates under eCO2 and performing much worse (reduced abundance and colonization) under eT when compared to ambient conditions, confirming our hypothesized link between root nodulation, plant growth, and pest performance. Examined across all CO2 and temperature regimes, Si supplementation promoted plant growth (+93%), and root nodulation (+50%). A. pisum abundance declined sharply under eT conditions and was largely unaffected by Si supplementation. In conclusion, supplementing M. sativa with Si had consistent positive effects on plant growth and nodulation under different CO2 and temperature scenarios. These findings offer potential for using Si supplementation to maintain legume productivity under predicted climate change scenarios without making legumes more susceptible to insect pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott N. Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - James M. W. Ryalls
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew N. Gherlenda
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam Frew
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan E. Hartley
- York Environmental Sustainability Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Trębicki P, Dáder B, Vassiliadis S, Fereres A. Insect-plant-pathogen interactions as shaped by future climate: effects on biology, distribution, and implications for agriculture. INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 24:975-989. [PMID: 28843026 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) is the main anthropogenic gas which has drastically increased since the industrial revolution, and current concentrations are projected to double by the end of this century. As a consequence, elevated CO2 is expected to alter the earths' climate, increase global temperatures and change weather patterns. This is likely to have both direct and indirect impacts on plants, insect pests, plant pathogens and their distribution, and is therefore problematic for the security of future food production. This review summarizes the latest findings and highlights current knowledge gaps regarding the influence of climate change on insect, plant and pathogen interactions with an emphasis on agriculture and food production. Direct effects of climate change, including increased CO2 concentration, temperature, patterns of rainfall and severe weather events that impact insects (namely vectors of plant pathogens) are discussed. Elevated CO2 and temperature, together with plant pathogen infection, can considerably change plant biochemistry and therefore plant defense responses. This can have substantial consequences on insect fecundity, feeding rates, survival, population size, and dispersal. Generally, changes in host plant quality due to elevated CO2 (e.g., carbon to nitrogen ratios in C3 plants) negatively affect insect pests. However, compensatory feeding, increased population size and distribution have also been reported for some agricultural insect pests. This underlines the importance of additional research on more targeted, individual insect-plant scenarios at specific locations to fully understand the impact of a changing climate on insect-plant-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Trębicki
- Biosciences Research, Department of Economic Development Jobs, Transport and Resources (DEDJTR), Horsham, VIC, Australia
| | - Beatriz Dáder
- INRA, UMR 385 BGPI (CIRAD-INRA-SupAgroM), Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
| | - Simone Vassiliadis
- Biosciences Research, DEDJTR, La Trobe University, AgriBio Centre, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jamieson MA, Burkle LA, Manson JS, Runyon JB, Trowbridge AM, Zientek J. Global change effects on plant-insect interactions: the role of phytochemistry. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 23:70-80. [PMID: 29129286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural and managed ecosystems are undergoing rapid environmental change due to a growing human population and associated increases in industrial and agricultural activity. Global environmental change directly and indirectly impacts insect herbivores and pollinators. In this review, we highlight recent research examining how environmental change factors affect plant chemistry and, in turn, ecological interactions among plants, herbivores, and pollinators. Recent studies reveal the complex nature of understanding global change effects on plant secondary metabolites and plant-insect interactions. Nonetheless, these studies indicate that phytochemistry mediates insect responses to environmental change. Future research on the chemical ecology of plant-insect interactions will provide critical insight into the ecological effects of climate change and other anthropogenic disturbances. We recommend greater attention to investigations examining interactive effects of multiple environmental change factors in addition to chemically mediated plant-pollinator interactions, given limited research in these areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Jamieson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
| | - Laura A Burkle
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Jessamyn S Manson
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
| | - Justin B Runyon
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Amy M Trowbridge
- Department of Land Resources & Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Joseph Zientek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu J, Huang W, Chi H, Wang C, Hua H, Wu G. Effects of elevated CO 2 on the fitness and potential population damage of Helicoverpa armigera based on two-sex life table. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1119. [PMID: 28442723 PMCID: PMC5430755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the direct effects of three different atmospheric CO2 concentrations (380 ppm, 550 ppm and 750 ppm) on the population parameters of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera fed an artificial diet. The life history and fitness of H. armigera were analyzed using an age-stage, two-sex life table. Our results showed significantly longer larval durations and lower female pupal weight under elevated CO2 than under ambient CO2. Additionally, the fecundity of H. armigera was lower under elevated CO2 than under ambient CO2. H. armigera reared under elevated CO2 conditions showed lower intrinsic and finite rates of increase but higher net consumption and finite consumption rates than H. armigera reared under ambient CO2 conditions. According to population projections, a much smaller total population size and reduced consumption capacities would be expected in an elevated CO2 atmosphere due to higher mortality and lower growth rate compared with ambient CO2 levels. These results indicate that the fitness of and potential damage caused by H. armigera would be affected by increased CO2 relative to ambient CO2 concentrations. Additional studies on the long-term direct and indirect effects of elevated CO2 levels on H. armigera are still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenkun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hsin Chi
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Chonghui Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhou A, Qu X, Shan L, Wang X. Temperature warming strengthens the mutualism between ghost ants and invasive mealybugs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:959. [PMID: 28424508 PMCID: PMC5430489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the exogenous forces that directly affect the mutualisms between ants and honeydew-producing hemipterans have been well documented, few studies have been focused on the impacts of environmental warming on ant-hemipteran interactions. Here, we investigated how temperature warming affects the mutualism between ghost ant Tapinoma melanocephalum and invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis by experimental manipulation of temperature. We found that higher temperatures have significant direct effects on the growth rate of mealybug colony, and the positive effect of ant tending on mealybug colony growth is temperature-dependent. Honeydew excretion by mealybugs was affected by ant tending and temperature warming, and was significantly increased under higher temperature. The effect of ant tending on percentage parasitism was also influenced by temperature warming. Ant performance including tending level, aggression, activity, and honeydew consumption was enhanced by temperature warming, which may provide superior protection to the mealybugs. Our results show that ghost ant-mealybug mutualism is strengthened in a warmer environment. These findings may facilitate the prediction of how each partner in the ant-hemipteran-enemy interactions responds to increasing temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiming Zhou
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xiaobin Qu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lifan Shan
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Huang J, Reichelt M, Chowdhury S, Hammerbacher A, Hartmann H. Increasing carbon availability stimulates growth and secondary metabolites via modulation of phytohormones in winter wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1251-1263. [PMID: 28159987 PMCID: PMC5444446 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play important roles in plant acclimation to changes in environmental conditions. However, their role in whole-plant regulation of growth and secondary metabolite production under increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) is uncertain but crucially important for understanding plant responses to abiotic stresses. We grew winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) under three [CO2] (170, 390, and 680 ppm) over 10 weeks, and measured gas exchange, relative growth rate (RGR), soluble sugars, secondary metabolites, and phytohormones including abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) at the whole-plant level. Our results show that, at the whole-plant level, RGR positively correlated with IAA but not ABA, and secondary metabolites positively correlated with JA and JA-Ile but not SA. Moreover, soluble sugars positively correlated with IAA and JA but not ABA and SA. We conclude that increasing carbon availability stimulates growth and production of secondary metabolites via up-regulation of auxin and jasmonate levels, probably in response to sugar-mediated signalling. Future low [CO2] studies should address the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaf ABA and SA biosynthesis, and at the transcriptional level should focus on biosynthetic and, in particular, on responsive genes involved in [CO2]-induced hormonal signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbei Huang
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Somak Chowdhury
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Almuth Hammerbacher
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guo H, Huang L, Sun Y, Guo H, Ge F. The Contrasting Effects of Elevated CO 2 on TYLCV Infection of Tomato Genotypes with and without the Resistance Gene, Mi-1.2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1680. [PMID: 27881989 PMCID: PMC5101426 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 typically enhances photosynthesis of C3 plants and alters primary and secondary metabolites in plant tissue. By modifying the defensive signaling pathways in host plants, elevated CO2 could potentially affect the interactions between plants, viruses, and insects that vector viruses. R gene-mediated resistance in plants represents an efficient and highly specific defense against pathogens and herbivorous insects. The current study determined the effect of elevated CO2 on tomato plants with and without the nematode resistance gene Mi-1.2, which also confers resistance to some sap-sucking insects including whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Furthermore, the subsequent effects of elevated CO2 on the performance of the vector whiteflies and the severity of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) were also determined. The results showed that elevated CO2 increased the biomass, plant height, and photosynthetic rate of both the Moneymaker and the Mi-1.2 genotype. Elevated CO2 decreased TYLCV disease incidence and severity for Moneymaker plants but had the opposite effect on Mi-1.2 plants whether the plants were agroinoculated or inoculated via B. tabaci feeding. Elevated CO2 increased the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent signaling pathway on Moneymaker plants but decreased the SA-signaling pathway on Mi-1.2 plants when infected by TYLCV. Elevated CO2 did not significantly affect B. tabaci fitness or the ability of viruliferous B. tabaci to transmit virus regardless of plant genotype. The results indicate that elevated CO2 increases the resistance of Moneymaker plants but decreases the resistance of Mi-1.2 plants against TYLCV, whether the plants are agroinoculated or inoculated by the vector. Our results suggest that plant genotypes containing the R gene Mi-1.2 will be more vulnerable to TYLCV and perhaps to other plant viruses under elevated CO2 conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Lichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- Tourism and Air Service College, Guizhou Minzu UniversityGuizhou, China
| | - Yucheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Honggang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| |
Collapse
|