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Berrabah F, Benaceur F, Yin C, Xin D, Magne K, Garmier M, Gruber V, Ratet P. Defense and senescence interplay in legume nodules. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100888. [PMID: 38532645 PMCID: PMC11009364 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Immunity and senescence play a crucial role in the functioning of the legume symbiotic nodules. The miss-regulation of one of these processes compromises the symbiosis leading to death of the endosymbiont and the arrest of the nodule functioning. The relationship between immunity and senescence has been extensively studied in plant organs where a synergistic response can be observed. However, the interplay between immunity and senescence in the symbiotic organ is poorly discussed in the literature and these phenomena are often mixed up. Recent studies revealed that the cooperation between immunity and senescence is not always observed in the nodule, suggesting complex interactions between these two processes within the symbiotic organ. Here, we discuss recent results on the interplay between immunity and senescence in the nodule and the specificities of this relationship during legume-rhizobium symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathi Berrabah
- Faculty of Sciences, University Amar Telidji, 03000 Laghouat, Algeria; Research Unit of Medicinal Plants (RUMP), National Center of Biotechnology Research, CRBt, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Farouk Benaceur
- Faculty of Sciences, University Amar Telidji, 03000 Laghouat, Algeria; Research Unit of Medicinal Plants (RUMP), National Center of Biotechnology Research, CRBt, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Chaoyan Yin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dawei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in the Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Kévin Magne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie Garmier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Gruber
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Sinharoy S, Tian CF, Montiel J. Editorial: Plant-rhizobia symbiosis and nitrogen fixation in legumes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1392006. [PMID: 38529060 PMCID: PMC10961434 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1392006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Senjuti Sinharoy
- Plant-Microbe Interaction, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR) New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Chang-Fu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jesús Montiel
- Center for Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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3
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Ohm H, Saripella GV, Hofvander P, Grimberg Å. Spatio-temporal transcriptome and storage compound profiles of developing faba bean ( Vicia faba) seed tissues. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1284997. [PMID: 38379954 PMCID: PMC10877042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1284997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba) is a legume grown in diverse climate zones with a high potential for increased cultivation and use in food due to its nutritional seeds. In this study, we characterized seed tissue development in faba bean to identify key developmental processes; from embryo expansion at the expense of the endosperm to the maturing storage stages of the bean seed. A spatio-temporal transcriptome profiling analysis, combined with chemical nutrient analysis of protein, starch, and lipid, of endosperm and embryo tissues at different developmental stages, revealed gene expression patterns, transcriptional networks, and biochemical pathways in faba bean. We identified key players in the LAFL (LEC1, ABI3, FUS3, and LEC2) transcription factor network as well as their major repressors VAL1 and ASIL1. Our results showed that proteins accumulated not only in the embryo but also in the endosperm. Starch accumulated throughout seed development and oil content increased during seed development but at very low levels. The patterns of differentially expressed transcripts encoding proteins with functions in the corresponding metabolic pathways for the synthesis of these storage compounds, to a high extent, aligned with these findings. However, the early expression of transcripts encoding WRI1 combined with the late expression of oil body proteins indicated a not manifested high potential for lipid biosynthesis and oil storage. Altogether, this study contributes to increased knowledge regarding seed developmental processes applicable to future breeding methods and seed quality improvement for faba bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ohm
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Lomma, Sweden
| | | | | | - Åsa Grimberg
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Lomma, Sweden
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Berrabah F, Bernal G, Elhosseyn AS, El Kassis C, L’Horset R, Benaceur F, Wen J, Mysore KS, Garmier M, Gourion B, Ratet P, Gruber V. Insight into the control of nodule immunity and senescence during Medicago truncatula symbiosis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:729-746. [PMID: 36305683 PMCID: PMC9806560 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Medicago (Medicago truncatula) establishes a symbiosis with the rhizobia Sinorhizobium sp, resulting in the formation of nodules where the bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen. The loss of immunity repression or early senescence activation compromises symbiont survival and leads to the formation of nonfunctional nodules (fix-). Despite many studies exploring an overlap between immunity and senescence responses outside the nodule context, the relationship between these processes in the nodule remains poorly understood. To investigate this phenomenon, we selected and characterized three Medicago mutants developing fix- nodules and showing senescence responses. Analysis of specific defense (PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN) or senescence (CYSTEINE PROTEASE) marker expression demonstrated that senescence and immunity seem to be antagonistic in fix- nodules. The growth of senescence mutants on non-sterile (sand/perlite) substrate instead of sterile in vitro conditions decreased nodule senescence and enhanced defense, indicating that environment can affect the immunity/senescence balance. The application of wounding stress on wild-type (WT) fix+ nodules led to the death of intracellular rhizobia and associated with co-stimulation of defense and senescence markers, indicating that in fix+ nodules the relationship between the two processes switches from opposite to synergistic to control symbiont survival during response to the stress. Our data show that the immune response in stressed WT nodules is linked to the repression of DEFECTIVE IN NITROGEN FIXATION 2 (DNF2), Symbiotic CYSTEINE-RICH RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SymCRK), and REGULATOR OF SYMBIOSOME DIFFERENTIATION (RSD), key genes involved in symbiotic immunity suppression. This study provides insight to understand the links between senescence and immunity in Medicago nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathi Berrabah
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Amar Telidji University, 03000 Laghouat, Algeria
- Research Unit of Medicinal Plants (RUMP), National Center of Biotechnology Research, CRBt, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Gautier Bernal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d’Évry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ait-Salem Elhosseyn
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d’Évry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cyrille El Kassis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d’Évry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Roxane L’Horset
- Pôle de Protection des Plantes, UMR PVBMT, 97410 Saint-Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - Farouk Benaceur
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Amar Telidji University, 03000 Laghouat, Algeria
- Research Unit of Medicinal Plants (RUMP), National Center of Biotechnology Research, CRBt, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- The Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- The Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Marie Garmier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d’Évry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Benjamin Gourion
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d’Évry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Gruber
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d’Évry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Utilization of Legume-Nodule Bacterial Symbiosis in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050676. [PMID: 35625404 PMCID: PMC9138774 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The legume–rhizobium symbiosis is one of the most beneficial interactions with high importance in agriculture, as it delivers nitrogen to plants and soil, thereby enhancing plant growth. Currently, this symbiosis is increasingly being exploited in phytoremediation of metal contaminated soil to improve soil fertility and simultaneously metal extraction or stabilization. Rhizobia increase phytoremediation directly by nitrogen fixation, protection of plants from pathogens, and production of plant growth-promoting factors and phytohormones. Abstract With the increasing industrial activity of the growing human population, the accumulation of various contaminants in soil, including heavy metals, has increased rapidly. Heavy metals as non-biodegradable elements persist in the soil environment and may pollute crop plants, further accumulating in the human body causing serious conditions. Hence, phytoremediation of land contamination as an environmental restoration technology is desirable for both human health and broad-sense ecology. Legumes (Fabaceae), which play a special role in nitrogen cycling, are dominant plants in contaminated areas. Therefore, the use of legumes and associated nitrogen-fixing rhizobia to reduce the concentrations or toxic effects of contaminants in the soil is environmentally friendly and becomes a promising strategy for phytoremediation and phytostabilization. Rhizobia, which have such plant growth-promoting (PGP) features as phosphorus solubilization, phytohormone synthesis, siderophore release, production of beneficial compounds for plants, and most of all nitrogen fixation, may promote legume growth while diminishing metal toxicity. The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive description of the main effects of metal contaminants in nitrogen-fixing leguminous plants and the benefits of using the legume–rhizobium symbiosis with both wild-type and genetically modified plants and bacteria to enhance an efficient recovery of contaminated lands.
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Frailey DC, Zhang Q, Wood DJ, Davis TM. Defining the mutation sites in chickpea nodulation mutants PM233 and PM405. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:66. [PMID: 35139814 PMCID: PMC8827291 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Like most legumes, chickpeas form specialized organs called root nodules. These nodules allow for a symbiotic relationship with rhizobium bacteria. The rhizobia provide fixed atmospheric nitrogen to the plant in a usable form. It is of both basic and practical interest to understand the host plant genetics of legume root nodulation. Chickpea lines PM233 and PM405, which harbor the mutationally identified nodulation genes rn1 and rn4, respectively, both display nodulation-deficient phenotypes. Previous investigators identified the rn1 mutation with the chickpea homolog of Medicago truncatula nodulation gene NSP2, but were unable to define the mutant rn1 allele. We used Illumina and Nanopore sequencing reads to attempt to identify and characterize candidate mutation sites responsible for the PM233 and PM405 phenotypes. RESULTS We aligned Illumina reads to the available desi chickpea reference genome, and did a de novo contig assembly of Nanopore reads. In mutant PM233, the Nanopore contigs allowed us to identify the breakpoints of a ~ 35 kb deleted region containing the CaNSP2 gene, the Medicago truncatula homolog of which is involved in nodulation. In mutant PM405, we performed variant calling in read alignments and identified 10 candidate mutations. Genotyping of a segregating progeny population narrowed that pool down to a single candidate gene which displayed homology to M. truncatula nodulation gene NIN. CONCLUSIONS We have characterized the nodulation mutation sites in chickpea mutants PM233 and PM405. In mutant PM233, the rn1 mutation was shown to be due to deletion of the entire CaNSP2 nodulation gene, while in mutant PM405 the rn4 mutation was due to a single base deletion resulting in a frameshift mutation between the predicted RWP-RK and PB1 domains of the NIN nodulation gene. Critical to characterization of the rn1 allele was the generation of Nanopore contigs for mutant PM233 and its wild type parent ICC 640, without which the deletional boundaries could not be defined. Our results suggest that efforts of prior investigators were hampered by genomic misassemblies in the CaNSP2 region of both the desi and kabuli reference genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Frailey
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - David J. Wood
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - Thomas M. Davis
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA
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Raul B, Bhattacharjee O, Ghosh A, Upadhyay P, Tembhare K, Singh A, Shaheen T, Ghosh AK, Torres-Jerez I, Krom N, Clevenger J, Udvardi M, Scheffler BE, Ozias-Akins P, Sharma RD, Bandyopadhyay K, Gaur V, Kumar S, Sinharoy S. Microscopic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Dalbergoid Legume Peanut Reveal a Divergent Evolution Leading to Nod-Factor-Dependent Epidermal Crack-Entry and Terminal Bacteroid Differentiation. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:131-145. [PMID: 34689599 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-21-0122-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Root nodule symbiosis (RNS) is the pillar behind sustainable agriculture and plays a pivotal role in the environmental nitrogen cycle. Most of the genetic, molecular, and cell-biological knowledge on RNS comes from model legumes that exhibit a root-hair mode of bacterial infection, in contrast to the Dalbergoid legumes exhibiting crack-entry of rhizobia. As a step toward understanding this important group of legumes, we have combined microscopic analysis and temporal transcriptome to obtain a dynamic view of plant gene expression during Arachis hypogaea (peanut) nodule development. We generated comprehensive transcriptome data by mapping the reads to A. hypogaea, and two diploid progenitor genomes. Additionally, we performed BLAST searches to identify nodule-induced yet-to-be annotated peanut genes. Comparison between peanut, Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, and Glycine max showed upregulation of 61 peanut orthologs among 111 tested known RNS-related genes, indicating conservation in mechanisms of nodule development among members of the Papilionoid family. Unlike model legumes, recruitment of class 1 phytoglobin-derived symbiotic hemoglobin (SymH) in peanut indicates diversification of oxygen-scavenging mechanisms in the Papilionoid family. Finally, the absence of cysteine-rich motif-1-containing nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptide (NCR) genes but the recruitment of defensin-like NCRs suggest a diverse molecular mechanism of terminal bacteroid differentiation. In summary, our work describes genetic conservation and diversification in legume-rhizobia symbiosis in the Papilionoid family, as well as among members of the Dalbergoid legumes.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Raul
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Oindrila Bhattacharjee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley, Manesar, Panchgaon, Haryana 122412, India
| | - Amit Ghosh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Priya Upadhyay
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kunal Tembhare
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ajeet Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Tarannum Shaheen
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Asim Kumar Ghosh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Nick Krom
- Noble Research Institute, 2510 Sam Noble Pkwy, Ardmore, OK 73401, U.S.A
| | - Josh Clevenger
- University of Georgia, Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics and Department of Horticulture, Tifton, GA 31793, U.S.A
| | - Michael Udvardi
- Noble Research Institute, 2510 Sam Noble Pkwy, Ardmore, OK 73401, U.S.A
| | - Brian E Scheffler
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Jamie Whitten Delta States Research Center (JWDSRC) Stoneville, JWDSRC, Bldg.1, Room 229, Experiment Station Road, PO Box 36, Stoneville, MS 38776-0036, U.S.A
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- University of Georgia, Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics and Department of Horticulture, Tifton, GA 31793, U.S.A
| | - Ravi Datta Sharma
- Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley, Manesar, Panchgaon, Haryana 122412, India
| | - Kaustav Bandyopadhyay
- Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley, Manesar, Panchgaon, Haryana 122412, India
| | - Vineet Gaur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Senjuti Sinharoy
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Wang C, Liu Z, Wang Z, Pang W, Zhang L, Wen Z, Zhao Y, Sun J, Wang ZY, Yang C. Effects of autotoxicity and allelopathy on seed germination and seedling growth in Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:908426. [PMID: 35909791 PMCID: PMC9335049 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.908426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Autotoxicity is a form of intraspecific allelopathy, in which a plant species inhibits the establishment or growth of the same species through the release of toxic chemical compounds into the environment. The phenomenon of autotoxicity in crops is best traced in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). A close relative of alfalfa, M. truncatula, has been developed into an excellent model species for leguminous plants. However, it is not known whether M. truncatula has autotoxicity. In this study, M. truncatula root exudates showed a negative impact on the growth of M. truncatula seedlings, indicating autotoxicity. Detailed analyses with plant extracts from M. truncatula and alfalfa revealed varying degrees of suppression effects in the two species. The extracts negatively affected seed germination potential, germination rate, radicle length, hypocotyl length, synthetic allelopathic effect index, plant height, root growth, fresh weight, dry weight, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance in both M. truncatula and alfalfa. The results demonstrated that autotoxicity and allelopathic effects exist in M. truncatula. This opens up a new way to use M. truncatula as a model species to carry out in-depth studies of autotoxicity and allelopathy to elucidate biochemical pathways of allelochemicals and molecular networks controlling biosynthesis of the chemicals.
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Kovacs S, Fodor L, Domonkos A, Ayaydin F, Laczi K, Rákhely G, Kalo P. Amino Acid Polymorphisms in the VHIID Conserved Motif of Nodulation Signaling Pathways 2 Distinctly Modulate Symbiotic Signaling and Nodule Morphogenesis in Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:709857. [PMID: 34966395 PMCID: PMC8711286 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.709857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Legumes establish an endosymbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria. Following the mutual recognition of the symbiotic partner, the infection process is controlled by the induction of the signaling pathway and subsequent activation of symbiosis-related host genes. One of the protein complexes regulating nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis is formed by GRAS domain regulatory proteins Nodulation Signaling Pathways 1 and 2 (NSP1 and NSP2) that control the expression of several early nodulation genes. Here, we report on a novel point mutant allele (nsp2-6) affecting the function of the NSP2 gene and compared the mutant with the formerly identified nsp2-3 mutant. Both mutants carry a single amino acid substitution in the VHIID motif of the NSP2 protein. We found that the two mutant alleles show dissimilar root hair response to bacterial infection. Although the nsp2-3 mutant developed aberrant infection threads, rhizobia were able to colonize nodule cells in this mutant. The encoded NSP2 proteins of the nsp2-3 and the novel nsp2 mutants interact with NSP1 diversely and, as a consequence, the activation of early nodulin genes and nodule organogenesis are arrested in the new nsp2 allele. The novel mutant with amino acid substitution D244H in NSP2 shows similar defects in symbiotic responses as a formerly identified nsp2-2 mutant carrying a deletion in the NSP2 gene. Additionally, we found that rhizobial strains induce delayed nodule formation on the roots of the ns2-3 weak allele. Our study highlights the importance of a conserved Asp residue in the VHIID motif of NSP2 that is required for the formation of a functional NSP1-NSP2 signaling module. Furthermore, our results imply the involvement of NSP2 during differentiation of symbiotic nodule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilárd Kovacs
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lili Fodor
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllö, Hungary
| | - Agota Domonkos
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllö, Hungary
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM) Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
- Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Biological Research Center, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Laczi
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rákhely
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Kalo
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllö, Hungary
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10
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Zhao Z, Chai M, Sun L, Cong L, Jiang Q, Zhang Z, Wang ZY. Identification of a gene responsible for seedpod spine formation and other phenotypic alterations using whole-genome sequencing analysis in Medicago truncatula. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7769-7777. [PMID: 34329408 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In nature, some plant species produce seedpods with spines, which is an adaptive biological trait for protecting the seed and helping seed dispersal. However, the molecular mechanism of spine formation is still unclear. While conducting routine tissue culture and transformation in the model legume Medicago truncatula, we identified a smooth seedpod (ssp1) mutant with a suite of other phenotypic changes. Preliminary analysis showed that the mutation was derived from the tissue culture process. Genetic segregation analysis suggested that ssp1 is a recessive mutant. By combining whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we found that the mutant phenotype was caused by a single nucleotide polymorphism and a 30 bp deletion in the gene locus Medtr4g039430, named SSP1. Complementation of the M. truncatula ssp1 and Arabidopsis twd1 mutants showed complete restoration, indicating that SSP1 is an ortholog of Arabidopsis TWD1 which encodes an immunophilin-like FK506-binding protein 42. The formation of spines on seedpods is associated with auxin transport. The method used in this study offers an effective way for detecting genes responsible for somaclonal variations. The results demonstrate, for the first time, that SSP1 plays a crucial role in the determination of spine formation on seedpods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, USA
| | - Maofeng Chai
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, USA
| | - Liang Sun
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, USA
- Research Computing, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lili Cong
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Zhifei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zeng-Yu Wang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, USA
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11
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Carrere S, Verdier J, Gamas P. MtExpress, a Comprehensive and Curated RNAseq-based Gene Expression Atlas for the Model Legume Medicago truncatula. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1494-1500. [PMID: 34245304 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Although RNA sequencing (RNAseq) has been becoming the main transcriptomic approach in the model legume Medicago truncatula, there is currently no genome-wide gene expression atlas covering the whole set of RNAseq data published for this species. Nowadays, such a tool is highly valuable to provide a global view of gene expression in a wide range of conditions and tissues/organs. Here, we present MtExpress, a gene expression atlas that compiles an exhaustive set of published M. truncatula RNAseq data (https://medicago.toulouse.inrae.fr/MtExpress). MtExpress makes use of recent releases of M. truncatula genome sequence and annotation, as well as up-to-date tools to perform mapping, quality control, statistical analysis and normalization of RNAseq data. MtExpress combines semi-automated pipelines with manual re-labeling and organization of samples to produce an attractive and user-friendly interface, fully integrated with other available Medicago genomic resources. Importantly, MtExpress is highly flexible, in terms of both queries, e.g. allowing searches with gene names and orthologous gene IDs from Arabidopsis and other legume species, and outputs, to customize visualization and redirect gene study to relevant Medicago webservers. Thanks to its semi-automated pipeline, MtExpress will be frequently updated to follow the rapid pace of M. truncatula RNAseq data publications, as well as the constant improvement of genome annotation. MtExpress also hosts legacy GeneChip expression data originally stored in the Medicago Gene Expression Atlas, as a very valuable and complementary resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Carrere
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
| | - Jerome Verdier
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d'Angers, 42 Rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé, Angers 49000, France
| | - Pascal Gamas
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
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12
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Wang L, Zhou A, Li J, Yang M, Bu F, Ge L, Chen L, Huang W. Circadian rhythms driving a fast-paced root clock implicate species-specific regulation in Medicago truncatula. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1537-1554. [PMID: 34009694 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants have a hierarchical circadian structure comprising multiple tissue-specific oscillators that operate at different speeds and regulate the expression of distinct sets of genes in different organs. However, the identity of the genes differentially regulated by the circadian clock in different organs, such as roots, and how their oscillations create functional specialization remain unclear. Here, we profiled the diurnal and circadian landscapes of the shoots and roots of Medicago truncatula and identified the conserved regulatory sequences contributing to transcriptome oscillations in each organ. We found that the light-dark cycles strongly affect the global transcriptome oscillation in roots, and many clock genes oscillate only in shoots. Moreover, many key genes involved in nitrogen fixation are regulated by circadian rhythms. Surprisingly, the root clock runs faster than the shoot clock, which is contrary to the hierarchical circadian structure showing a slow-paced root clock in both detached and intact Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. roots. Our result provides important clues about the species-specific circadian regulatory mechanism, which is often overlooked, and possibly coordinates the timing between shoots and roots independent of the current prevailing model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Anqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mingkang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fan Bu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liangfa Ge
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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13
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Chai M, Queralta Castillo I, Sonntag A, Wang S, Zhao Z, Liu W, Du J, Xie H, Liao F, Yun J, Jiang Q, Sun J, Molina I, Wang ZY. A seed coat-specific β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, KCS12, is critical for preserving seed physical dormancy. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1606-1615. [PMID: 33779764 PMCID: PMC8260136 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Physical dormancy in seeds exists widely in seed plants and plays a vital role in maintaining natural seed banks. The outermost cuticle of the seed coat forms a water-impermeable layer, which is critical for establishing seed physical dormancy. We previously set up the legume plant Medicago truncatula as an excellent model for studying seed physical dormancy, and our studies revealed that a class II KNOTTED-like homeobox, KNOX4, is a transcription factor critical for controlling hardseededness. Here we report the function of a seed coat β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, KCS12. The expression level of KCS12 is significantly downregulated in the knox4 mutant. The KCS12 gene is predominantly expressed in the seed coat, and seed development in the M. truncatula kcs12 mutant is altered. Further investigation demonstrated that kcs12 mutant seeds lost physical dormancy and were able to absorb water without scarification treatment. Chemical analysis revealed that concentrations of C24:0 lipid polyester monomers are significantly decreased in mutant seeds, indicating that KCS12 is an enzyme that controls the production of very long chain lipid species in the seed coat. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that the expression of KCS12 in the seed coat is directly regulated by the KNOX4 transcription factor. These findings define a molecular mechanism by which KNOX4 and KCS12 control formation of the seed coat and seed physical dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofeng Chai
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | | | - Annika Sonntag
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada, P6A 2G4
| | - Shixing Wang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhili Zhao
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Juan Du
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Hongli Xie
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fuqi Liao
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Jianfei Yun
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | | | - Juan Sun
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Isabel Molina
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada, P6A 2G4
| | - Zeng-Yu Wang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
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14
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Marzorati F, Wang C, Pavesi G, Mizzi L, Morandini P. Cleaning the Medicago Microarray Database to Improve Gene Function Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10061240. [PMID: 34207216 PMCID: PMC8234645 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomics studies have been facilitated by the development of microarray and RNA-Seq technologies, with thousands of expression datasets available for many species. However, the quality of data can be highly variable, making the combined analysis of different datasets difficult and unreliable. Most of the microarray data for Medicago truncatula, the barrel medic, have been stored and made publicly accessible on the web database Medicago truncatula Gene Expression atlas (MtGEA). The aim of this work is to ameliorate the quality of the MtGEA database through a general method based on logical and statistical relationships among parameters and conditions. The initial 716 columns available in the dataset were reduced to 607 by evaluating the quality of data through the sum of the expression levels over the entire transcriptome probes and Pearson correlation among hybridizations. The reduced dataset shows great improvements in the consistency of the data, with a reduction in both false positives and false negatives resulting from Pearson correlation and GO enrichment analysis among genes. The approach we used is of general validity and our intent is to extend the analysis to other plant microarray databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marzorati
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Chu Wang
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.W.); (G.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Giulio Pavesi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.W.); (G.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Luca Mizzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.W.); (G.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Piero Morandini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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15
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Du J, Lu S, Chai M, Zhou C, Sun L, Tang Y, Nakashima J, Kolape J, Wen Z, Behzadirad M, Zhong T, Sun J, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Functional characterization of PETIOLULE-LIKE PULVINUS (PLP) gene in abscission zone development in Medicago truncatula and its application to genetic improvement of alfalfa. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:351-364. [PMID: 32816361 PMCID: PMC7868985 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops throughout the world. Maximizing leaf retention during the haymaking process is critical for achieving superior hay quality and maintaining biomass yield. Leaf abscission process affects leaf retention. Previous studies have largely focused on the molecular mechanisms of floral organ, pedicel and seed abscission but scarcely touched on leaf and petiole abscission. This study focuses on leaf and petiole abscission in the model legume Medicago truncatula and its closely related commercial species alfalfa. By analysing the petiolule-like pulvinus (plp) mutant in M. truncatula at phenotypic level (breakstrength and shaking assays), microscopic level (scanning electron microscopy and cross-sectional analyses) and molecular level (expression level and expression pattern analyses), we discovered that the loss of function of PLP leads to an absence of abscission zone (AZ) formation and PLP plays an important role in leaflet and petiole AZ differentiation. Microarray analysis indicated that PLP affects abscission process through modulating genes involved in hormonal homeostasis, cell wall remodelling and degradation. Detailed analyses led us to propose a functional model of PLP in regulating leaflet and petiole abscission. Furthermore, we cloned the PLP gene (MsPLP) from alfalfa and produced RNAi transgenic alfalfa plants to down-regulate the endogenous MsPLP. Down-regulation of MsPLP results in altered pulvinus structure with increased leaflet breakstrength, thus offering a new approach to decrease leaf loss during alfalfa haymaking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- Institute for Agricultural BiosciencesOklahoma State UniversityArdmoreOKUSA
- College of Grassland Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shaoyun Lu
- College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Maofeng Chai
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- Grassland Agri‐Husbandry Research CenterCollege of Grassland ScienceQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Chuanen Zhou
- School of Life ScienceShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Liang Sun
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
| | | | | | - Jaydeep Kolape
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- Morrison Microscopy Core Research FacilityCenter for BiotechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnNEUSA
| | - Zhaozhu Wen
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- College of AgricultureHunan Agricultural UniversityHunanChina
| | - Marjan Behzadirad
- Institute for Agricultural BiosciencesOklahoma State UniversityArdmoreOKUSA
| | - Tianxiu Zhong
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Juan Sun
- Grassland Agri‐Husbandry Research CenterCollege of Grassland ScienceQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zeng‐Yu Wang
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- Grassland Agri‐Husbandry Research CenterCollege of Grassland ScienceQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
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16
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Parreira JR, Cappuccio M, Balestrazzi A, Fevereiro P, Araújo SDS. MicroRNAs expression dynamics reveal post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating seed development in Phaseolus vulgaris L. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:18. [PMID: 33436559 PMCID: PMC7804330 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge on post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms implicated in seed development (SD) is still limited, particularly in one of the most consumed grain legumes, Phaseolus vulgaris L. We explore for the first time the miRNA expression dynamics in P. vulgaris developing seeds. Seventy-two known and 39 new miRNAs were found expressed in P. vulgaris developing seeds. Most of the miRNAs identified were more abundant at 10 and 40 days after anthesis, suggesting that late embryogenesis/early filling and desiccation were SD stages in which miRNA action is more pronounced. Degradome analysis and target prediction identified targets for 77 expressed miRNAs. While several known miRNAs were predicted to target HD-ZIP, ARF, SPL, and NF-Y transcription factors families, most of the predicted targets for new miRNAs encode for functional proteins. MiRNAs-targets expression profiles evidenced that these miRNAs could tune distinct seed developmental stages. MiRNAs more accumulated at early SD stages were implicated in regulating the end of embryogenesis, postponing the seed maturation program, storage compound synthesis and allocation. MiRNAs more accumulated at late SD stages could be implicated in seed quiescence, desiccation tolerance, and longevity with still uncovered roles in germination. The miRNAs herein described represent novel P. vulgaris resources with potential application in future biotechnological approaches to modulate the expression of genes implicated in legume seed traits with impact in horticultural production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ricardo Parreira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Michela Cappuccio
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pedro Fevereiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- InnovPlantProtect Collaborative Laboratory, Estrada de Gil Vaz, 7351-901, Elvas, Portugal
| | - Susana de Sousa Araújo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Association BLC3-Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Rua Nossa Senhora da Conceição 2, Lagares da Beira, 3405-155, Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal.
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17
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Burghardt LT. Evolving together, evolving apart: measuring the fitness of rhizobial bacteria in and out of symbiosis with leguminous plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:28-34. [PMID: 31276218 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Most plant-microbe interactions are facultative, with microbes experiencing temporally and spatially variable selection. How this variation affects microbial evolution is poorly understood. Given its tractability and ecological and agricultural importance, the legume-rhizobia nitrogen-fixing symbiosis is a powerful model for identifying traits and genes underlying bacterial fitness. New technologies allow high-throughput measurement of the relative fitness of bacterial mutants, strains and species in mixed inocula in the host, rhizosphere and soil environments. I consider how host genetic variation (G × G), other environmental factors (G × E), and host life-cycle variation may contribute to the maintenance of genetic variation and adaptive trajectories of rhizobia - and, potentially, other facultative symbionts. Lastly, I place these findings in the context of developing beneficial inoculants in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana T Burghardt
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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18
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Carrï Re SB, Verdenaud M, Gough C, Gouzy JRM, Gamas P. LeGOO: An Expertized Knowledge Database for the Model Legume Medicago truncatula. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:203-211. [PMID: 31605615 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Medicago truncatula was proposed, about three decades ago, as a model legume to study the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. It has now been adopted to study a wide range of biological questions, including various developmental processes (in particular root, symbiotic nodule and seed development), symbiotic (nitrogen-fixing and arbuscular mycorrhizal endosymbioses) and pathogenic interactions, as well as responses to abiotic stress. With a number of tools and resources set up in M. truncatula for omics, genetics and reverse genetics approaches, massive amounts of data have been produced, as well as four genome sequence releases. Many of these data were generated with heterogeneous tools, notably for transcriptomics studies, and are consequently difficult to integrate. This issue is addressed by the LeGOO (for Legume Graph-Oriented Organizer) knowledge base (https://www.legoo.org), which finds the correspondence between the multiple identifiers of the same gene. Furthermore, an important goal of LeGOO is to collect and represent biological information from peer-reviewed publications, whatever the technical approaches used to obtain this information. The information is modeled in a graph-oriented database, which enables flexible representation, with currently over 200,000 relations retrieved from 298 publications. LeGOO also provides the user with mining tools, including links to the Mt5.0 genome browser and associated information (on gene functional annotation, expression, methylome, natural diversity and available insertion mutants), as well as tools to navigate through different model species. LeGOO is, therefore, an innovative database that will be useful to the Medicago and legume community to better exploit the wealth of data produced on this model species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Verdenaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et D�veloppement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon F-69364, France
| | - Clare Gough
- LIPM, Universit� de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jï Rï Me Gouzy
- LIPM, Universit� de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pascal Gamas
- LIPM, Universit� de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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19
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Trněný O, Vlk D, Macková E, Matoušková M, Řepková J, Nedělník J, Hofbauer J, Vejražka K, Jakešová H, Jansa J, Piálek L, Knotová D. Allelic Variants for Candidate Nitrogen Fixation Genes Revealed by Sequencing in Red Clover ( Trifolium pratense L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5470. [PMID: 31684086 PMCID: PMC6862357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-rhizobia symbiosis can activate key genes involved in regulating nodulation associated with biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Although the general molecular basis of the BNF process is frequently studied, little is known about its intraspecific variability and the characteristics of its allelic variants. This study's main goals were to describe phenotypic and genotypic variation in the context of nitrogen fixation in red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) and identify variants in BNF candidate genes associated with BNF efficiency. Acetylene reduction assay validation was the criterion for selecting individual plants with particular BNF rates. Sequences in 86 key candidate genes were obtained by hybridization-based sequence capture target enrichment of plants with alternative phenotypes for nitrogen fixation. Two genes associated with BNF were identified: ethylene response factor required for nodule differentiation (EFD) and molybdate transporter 1 (MOT1). In addition, whole-genome population genotyping by double-digest restriction-site-associated sequencing (ddRADseq) was performed, and BNF was evaluated by the natural 15N abundance method. Polymorphisms associated with BNF and reflecting phenotype variability were identified. The genetic structure of plant accessions was not linked to BNF rate of measured plants. Knowledge of the genetic variation within BNF candidate genes and the characteristics of genetic variants will be beneficial in molecular diagnostics and breeding of red clover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldřich Trněný
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradní 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic.
| | - David Vlk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Eliška Macková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Jana Řepková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Nedělník
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradní 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Hofbauer
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradní 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Vejražka
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradní 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Jakešová
- Red Clover and Grass Breeding, 724 47 Hladké Životice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Jansa
- Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lubomír Piálek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniela Knotová
- Research Institute for Fodder Crops, Ltd., 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic.
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20
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Kang Y, Torres‐Jerez I, An Z, Greve V, Huhman D, Krom N, Cui Y, Udvardi M. Genome-wide association analysis of salinity responsive traits in Medicago truncatula. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1513-1531. [PMID: 30593671 PMCID: PMC6850670 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is an important cause of crop yield loss in many parts of the world. Here, we performed genome-wide association studies of salinity-stress responsive traits in 132 HapMap genotypes of the model legume Medicago truncatula. Plants grown in soil were subjected to a step-wise increase in NaCl concentration, from 0 through 0.5% and 1.0% to 1.5%, and the following traits were measured: vigor, shoot biomass, shoot water content, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf size, and leaf and root concentrations of proline and major ions (Na+ , Cl- , K+ , Ca2+ , etc.). Genome-wide association studies were carried out using 2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, and 12 genomic regions associated with at least four traits each were identified. Transcript-level analysis of the top eight candidate genes in five extreme genotypes revealed association between salinity tolerance and transcript-level changes for seven of the genes, encoding a vacuolar H+ -ATPase, two transcription factors, two proteins involved in vesicle trafficking, one peroxidase, and a protein of unknown function. Earlier functional studies on putative orthologues of two of the top eight genes (a vacuolar H+ -ATPase and a peroxidase) demonstrated their involvement in plant salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kang
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOklahoma73401
| | | | - Zewei An
- State Center for Rubber Breeding and Rubber Research InstituteDanzhouHainan571700China
| | - Veronica Greve
- College of Biological SciencesUniversity of MinnesotaHuntsvilleAlabama35806
| | | | | | - Yuehua Cui
- Department of Statistics and ProbabilityMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824
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21
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Gou J, Debnath S, Sun L, Flanagan A, Tang Y, Jiang Q, Wen J, Wang Z. From model to crop: functional characterization of SPL8 in M. truncatula led to genetic improvement of biomass yield and abiotic stress tolerance in alfalfa. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:951-962. [PMID: 28941083 PMCID: PMC5866946 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomass yield, salt tolerance and drought tolerance are important targets for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) improvement. Medicago truncatula has been developed into a model plant for alfalfa and other legumes. By screening a Tnt1 retrotransposon-tagged M. truncatula mutant population, we identified three mutants with enhanced branching. Branch development determines shoot architecture which affects important plant functions such as light acquisition, resource use and ultimately impacts biomass production. Molecular analyses revealed that the mutations were caused by Tnt1 insertions in the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 8 (SPL8) gene. The M. truncatula spl8 mutants had increased biomass yield, while overexpression of SPL8 in M. truncatula suppressed branching and reduced biomass yield. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that SPL8 inhibited branching by directly suppressing axillary bud formation. Based on the M. truncatula SPL8 sequence, alfalfa SPL8 (MsSPL8) was cloned and transgenic alfalfa plants were produced. MsSPL8 down-regulated or up-regulated alfalfa plants exhibited similar phenotypes to the M. truncatula mutants or overexpression lines, respectively. Specifically, the MsSPL8 down-regulated alfalfa plants showed up to 43% increase in biomass yield in the first harvest. The impact was even more prominent in the second harvest, with up to 86% increase in biomass production compared to the control. Furthermore, down-regulation of MsSPL8 led to enhanced salt and drought tolerance in transgenic alfalfa. Results from this research offer a valuable approach to simultaneously improve biomass production and abiotic stress tolerance in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Gou
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC)Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | - Liang Sun
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
| | - Amy Flanagan
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC)Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Yuhong Tang
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC)Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | | | - Zeng‐Yu Wang
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC)Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
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22
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Burghardt LT, Guhlin J, Chun CL, Liu J, Sadowsky MJ, Stupar RM, Young ND, Tiffin P. Transcriptomic basis of genome by genome variation in a legume‐rhizobia mutualism. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6122-6135. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liana T. Burghardt
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Joseph Guhlin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Chan Lan Chun
- BioTechnology Institute University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | | | - Robert M. Stupar
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Nevin D. Young
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
- Department of Plant Pathology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Peter Tiffin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
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