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Aguirre-Bottger C, Zolla G. The best of both worlds: photosynthesis and Solanaceae biodiversity seeking a sustainable food and cosmetic industry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1362814. [PMID: 38434437 PMCID: PMC10904534 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1362814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaston Zolla
- Grupo de Investigation en Fisiología Molecular de Plantas, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
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2
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Hibbert LE, Qian Y, Smith HK, Milner S, Katz E, Kliebenstein DJ, Taylor G. Making watercress ( Nasturtium officinale) cropping sustainable: genomic insights into enhanced phosphorus use efficiency in an aquatic crop. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1279823. [PMID: 38023842 PMCID: PMC10662076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1279823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) is a nutrient-dense salad crop with high antioxidant capacity and glucosinolate concentration and with the potential to contribute to nutrient security as a locally grown outdoor aquatic crop in northern temperate climates. However, phosphate-based fertilizers used to support plant growth contribute to the eutrophication of aquatic habitats, often pristine chalk streams, downstream of farms, increasing pressure to minimize fertilizer use and develop a more phosphorus-use efficient (PUE) crop. Here, we grew genetically distinct watercress lines selected from a bi-parental mapping population on a commercial watercress farm either without additional phosphorus (P-) or under a commercial phosphate-based fertilizer regime (P+), to decipher effects on morphology, nutritional profile, and the transcriptome. Watercress plants sustained shoot yield in P- conditions, through enhanced root biomass, but with shorter stems and smaller leaves. Glucosinolate concentration was not affected by P- conditions, but both antioxidant capacity and the concentration of sugars and starch in shoot tissue were enhanced. We identified two watercress breeding lines, with contrasting strategies for enhanced PUE: line 60, with highly plastic root systems and increased root growth in P-, and line 102, maintaining high yield irrespective of P supply, but less plastic. RNA-seq analysis revealed a suite of genes involved in cell membrane remodeling, root development, suberization, and phosphate transport as potential future breeding targets for enhanced PUE. We identified watercress gene targets for enhanced PUE for future biotechnological and breeding approaches enabling less fertilizer inputs and reduced environmental damage from watercress cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Hibbert
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Yufei Qian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Ella Katz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Gail Taylor
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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3
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Pseudophosphorylation of Arabidopsis jasmonate biosynthesis enzyme lipoxygenase 2 via mutation of Ser 600 inhibits enzyme activity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102898. [PMID: 36639029 PMCID: PMC9947334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Jasmonates are oxylipin phytohormones critical for plant resistance against necrotrophic pathogens and chewing herbivores. An early step in their biosynthesis is catalyzed by non-heme iron lipoxygenases (LOX; EC 1.13.11.12). In Arabidopsis thaliana, phosphorylation of Ser600 of AtLOX2 was previously reported, but whether phosphorylation regulates AtLOX2 activity is unclear. Here, we characterize the kinetic properties of recombinant WT AtLOX2 (AtLOX2WT). AtLOX2WT displays positive cooperativity with α-linolenic acid (α-LeA, jasmonate precursor), linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA) as substrates. Enzyme velocity with endogenous substrates α-LeA and LA increased with pH. For α-LeA, this increase was accompanied by a decrease in substrate affinity at alkaline pH; thus, the catalytic efficiency for α-LeA was not affected over the pH range tested. Analysis of Ser600 phosphovariants demonstrated that pseudophosphorylation inhibits enzyme activity. AtLOX2 activity was not detected in phosphomimics Atlox2S600D and Atlox2S600M when α-LeA or AA were used as substrates. In contrast, phosphonull mutant Atlox2S600A exhibited strong activity with all three substrates, α-LeA, LA, and AA. Structural comparison between the AtLOX2 AlphaFold model and a complex between 8R-LOX and a 20C polyunsaturated fatty acid suggests a close proximity between AtLOX2 Ser600 and the carboxylic acid head group of the polyunsaturated fatty acid. This analysis indicates that Ser600 is located at a critical position within the AtLOX2 structure and highlights how Ser600 phosphorylation could affect AtLOX2 catalytic activity. Overall, we propose that AtLOX2 Ser600 phosphorylation represents a key mechanism for the regulation of AtLOX2 activity and, thus, the jasmonate biosynthesis pathway and plant resistance.
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4
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Li Y, Zhang X, Wang Z, Li B, Zhu H. Modulation of redox homeostasis: A strategy to overcome cancer drug resistance. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1156538. [PMID: 37033606 PMCID: PMC10073466 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1156538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment is hampered by resistance to conventional therapeutic strategies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Redox homeostasis manipulation is one of the most effective innovative treatment techniques for overcoming drug resistance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), previously considered intracellular byproducts of aerobic metabolism, are now known to regulate multiple signaling pathways as second messengers. Cancer cells cope with elevated amounts of ROS during therapy by upregulating the antioxidant system, enabling tumor therapeutic resistance via a variety of mechanisms. In this review, we aim to shed light on redox modification and signaling pathways that may contribute to therapeutic resistance. We summarized the molecular mechanisms by which redox signaling-regulated drug resistance, including altered drug efflux, action targets and metabolism, enhanced DNA damage repair, maintained stemness, and reshaped tumor microenvironment. A comprehensive understanding of these interrelationships should improve treatment efficacy from a fundamental and clinical research point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huili Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Huili Zhu,
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5
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Smythers AL, Bhatnagar N, Ha C, Majumdar P, McConnell EW, Mohanasundaram B, Hicks LM, Pandey S. Abscisic acid-controlled redox proteome of Arabidopsis and its regulation by heterotrimeric Gβ protein. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:447-463. [PMID: 35766993 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays crucial roles in regulation of stress responses and growth modulation. Heterotrimeric G-proteins are key mediators of ABA responses. Both ABA and G-proteins have also been implicated in intracellular redox regulation; however, the extent to which reversible protein oxidation manipulates ABA and/or G-protein signaling remains uncharacterized. To probe the role of reversible protein oxidation in plant stress response and its dependence on G-proteins, we determined the ABA-dependent reversible redoxome of wild-type and Gβ-protein null mutant agb1 of Arabidopsis. We quantified 6891 uniquely oxidized cysteine-containing peptides, 923 of which show significant changes in oxidation following ABA treatment. The majority of these changes required the presence of G-proteins. Divergent pathways including primary metabolism, reactive oxygen species response, translation and photosynthesis exhibited both ABA- and G-protein-dependent redox changes, many of which occurred on proteins not previously linked to them. We report the most comprehensive ABA-dependent plant redoxome and uncover a complex network of reversible oxidations that allow ABA and G-proteins to rapidly adjust cellular signaling to adapt to changing environments. Physiological validation of a subset of these observations suggests that functional G-proteins are required to maintain intracellular redox homeostasis and fully execute plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Smythers
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Chien Ha
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | | | - Evan W McConnell
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Leslie M Hicks
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sona Pandey
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
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Teng CS, Xue C, Lin JY, Ng IS. Towards high-level protein, beta-carotene, and lutein production from Chlorella sorokiniana using aminobutyric acid and pseudo seawater. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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7
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Montoya EJO, Dorion S, Atehortua-Garcés L, Rivoal J. Phycobilin heterologous production from the Rhodophyta Porphyridium cruentum. J Biotechnol 2021; 341:30-42. [PMID: 34500003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins are colored, active molecules with potential use in different industries. They are the union of proteins and bilins (Chromophores). The primary source of phycobiliproteins is algae; however, the traditional algae culture has production restrictions. The production in bacterial models can be a more efficient alternative to produce these molecules. However, the lack of knowledge in some steps of the phycobiliprotein metabolic pathway limits this alternative. Porphyridium cruentum is a single cell red alga with a high phycobiliprotein content. Its protein sequences were the basis for phycobilin production in this study. In this study, we cloned and characterized enzymes presumably involved in the chromophore production of P. cruentum. Using sequences obtained from its transcriptome, we characterized two cDNA sequences predicted to code respectively for a ferredoxin-dependent bilin reductase and a bilin lyase-isomerase. We expressed these enzymes in Escherichia coli to obtain in vivo evidence of their enzymatic activity on the substrate biliverdin IXα. Lastly, we analyzed them using thin-layer chromatography, spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectroscopy. These experiments provided evidence of bilin modification. The expressed bilin lyase-isomerase did not show significant activity over the biliverdin molecule. On the contrary, the expressed ferredoxin-dependent bilin reductase showed activity over the biliverdin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Juliana Obando Montoya
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria - SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 53 # 61 - 30 - SIU. Torre 1 Laboratorio de 210, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Sonia Dorion
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Lucía Atehortua-Garcés
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria - SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 53 # 61 - 30 - SIU. Torre 1 Laboratorio de 210, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Jean Rivoal
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
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8
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Dorion S, Ouellet JC, Rivoal J. Glutathione Metabolism in Plants under Stress: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090641. [PMID: 34564457 PMCID: PMC8464934 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione is an essential metabolite for plant life best known for its role in the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione is also involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG) which, much like ROS, is produced at low levels by aerobic metabolism under normal conditions. While several physiological processes depend on ROS and MG, a variety of stresses can dramatically increase their concentration leading to potentially deleterious effects. In this review, we examine the structure and the stress regulation of the pathways involved in glutathione synthesis and degradation. We provide a synthesis of the current knowledge on the glutathione-dependent glyoxalase pathway responsible for MG detoxification. We present recent developments on the organization of the glyoxalase pathway in which alternative splicing generate a number of isoforms targeted to various subcellular compartments. Stress regulation of enzymes involved in MG detoxification occurs at multiple levels. A growing number of studies show that oxidative stress promotes the covalent modification of proteins by glutathione. This post-translational modification is called S-glutathionylation. It affects the function of several target proteins and is relevant to stress adaptation. We address this regulatory function in an analysis of the enzymes and pathways targeted by S-glutathionylation.
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9
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Maignan V, Bernay B, Géliot P, Avice JC. Biostimulant impacts of Glutacetine® and derived formulations (VNT1 and VNT4) on the bread wheat grain proteome. J Proteomics 2021; 244:104265. [PMID: 33992839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is essential to ensure grain yield and quality in bread wheat. Improving N use efficiency is therefore crucial for wheat grain protein quality. In the present work, we analysed the effects on the winter wheat grain proteome of biostimulants containing Glutacetine® or two derived formulations (VNT1 and 4) when mixed with urea-ammonium-nitrate fertilizer. A large-scale quantitative proteomics analysis of two wheat flour fractions produced a dataset of 4369 identified proteins. Quantitative analysis revealed 9, 39 and 96 proteins with a significant change in abundance after Glutacetine®, VNT1 and VNT4 treatments, respectively, with a common set of 11 proteins that were affected by two different biostimulants. The major effects impacted proteins involved in (i) protein synthesis regulation (mainly ribosomal and binding proteins), (ii) defence and responses to stresses (including chitin-binding protein, heat shock 70 kDa protein 1 and glutathione S-transferase proteins), (iii) storage functions related to gluten protein alpha-gliadins and starch synthase and (iv) seed development with proteins implicated in protease activity, energy machinery, and the C and N metabolism pathways. Altogether, our study showed that Glutacetine®, VNT1 and VNT4 biostimulants positively affected protein composition related to grain quality. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021513. SIGNIFICANCE: We performed a large-scale quantitative proteomics study of the total protein extracts from flour samples to determine the effect of Glutacetine®-based biostimulants treatment on the protein composition of bread wheat grain. To our knowledge, only a few studies in the literature have applied proteomic approaches to study bread wheat grains and in particular to investigate the effect of biostimulants on the grain proteome of this cereal crop. In addition, most approaches used fractional extraction of proteins to target reserve proteins followed electrophoresis which leads to low identification rate of proteins. We identified and quantified a large protein dataset of 4369 proteins and determined ontological class of proteins affected by biostimulants treatments. Our proteomics investigation revealed the important role of these new biostimulants in achieving significant changes in protein synthesis regulation, storage functions, protease activity, energy machinery, C and N metabolism pathways and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Maignan
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRAE, UMR EVA, SFR Normandie Végétal FED4277, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen, France; Via Végétale, 44430 Le Loroux-Bottereau, France.
| | - Benoit Bernay
- Plateforme Proteogen, SFR ICORE 4206, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la paix, 14032 Caen cedex, France
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Avice
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRAE, UMR EVA, SFR Normandie Végétal FED4277, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen, France
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10
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Selinski J, Scheibe R. Central Metabolism in Mammals and Plants as a Hub for Controlling Cell Fate. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1025-1047. [PMID: 32620064 PMCID: PMC8060724 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The importance of oxidoreductases in energy metabolism together with the occurrence of enzymes of central metabolism in the nucleus gave rise to the active research field aiming to understand moonlighting enzymes that undergo post-translational modifications (PTMs) before carrying out new tasks. Recent Advances: Cytosolic enzymes were shown to induce gene transcription after PTM and concomitant translocation to the nucleus. Changed properties of the oxidized forms of cytosolic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and also malate dehydrogenases and others, are the basis for a hypothesis suggesting moonlighting functions that directly link energy metabolism to adaptive responses required for maintenance of redox-homeostasis in all eukaryotes. Critical Issues: Small molecules, such as metabolic intermediates, coenzymes, or reduced glutathione, were shown to fine-tune the redox switches, interlinking redox state, metabolism, and induction of new functions via nuclear gene expression. The cytosol with its metabolic enzymes connecting energy fluxes between the various cell compartments can be seen as a hub for redox signaling, integrating the different signals for graded and directed responses in stressful situations. Future Directions: Enzymes of central metabolism were shown to interact with p53 or the assumed plant homologue suppressor of gamma response 1 (SOG1), an NAM, ATAF, and CUC transcription factor involved in the stress response upon ultraviolet exposure. Metabolic enzymes serve as sensors for imbalances, their inhibition leading to changed energy metabolism, and the adoption of transcriptional coactivator activities. Depending on the intensity of the impact, rerouting of energy metabolism, proliferation, DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, immune responses, or cell death will be induced. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1025-1047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Selinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrueck University, Osnabrueck, Germany
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11
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Scali M, Moscatelli A, Bini L, Onelli E, Vignani R, Wang W. Protein Analysis of Pollen Tubes after the Treatments of Membrane Trafficking Inhibitors Gains Insights on Molecular Mechanism Underlying Pollen Tube Polar Growth. Protein J 2021; 40:205-222. [PMID: 33751342 PMCID: PMC8019430 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-09972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Pollen tube elongation is characterized by a highly-polarized tip growth process dependent on an efficient vesicular transport system and largely mobilized by actin cytoskeleton. Pollen tubes are an ideal model system to study exocytosis, endocytosis, membrane recycling, and signaling network coordinating cellular processes, structural organization and vesicular trafficking activities required for tip growth. Proteomic analysis was applied to identify Nicotiana tabacum Differentially Abundant Proteins (DAPs) after in vitro pollen tube treatment with membrane trafficking inhibitors Brefeldin A, Ikarugamycin and Wortmannin. Among roughly 360 proteins separated in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, a total of 40 spots visibly changing between treated and control samples were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The identified proteins were classified according to biological processes, and most proteins were related to pollen tube energy metabolism, including ammino acid synthesis and lipid metabolism, structural features of pollen tube growth as well modification and actin cytoskeleton organization, stress response, and protein degradation. In-depth analysis of proteins corresponding to energy-related pathways revealed the male gametophyte to be a reliable model of energy reservoir and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Scali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | | | - Luca Bini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Rita Vignani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Madritsch S, Bomers S, Posekany A, Burg A, Birke R, Emerstorfer F, Turetschek R, Otte S, Eigner H, Sehr EM. Integrative transcriptomics reveals genotypic impact on sugar beet storability. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:359-378. [PMID: 32754876 PMCID: PMC7593311 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An integrative comparative transcriptomic approach on six sugar beet varieties showing different amount of sucrose loss during storage revealed genotype-specific main driver genes and pathways characterizing storability. Sugar beet is next to sugar cane one of the most important sugar crops accounting for about 15% of the sucrose produced worldwide. Since its processing is increasingly centralized, storage of beet roots over an extended time has become necessary. Sucrose loss during storage is a major concern for the sugar industry because the accumulation of invert sugar and byproducts severely affect sucrose manufacturing. This loss is mainly due to ongoing respiration, but changes in cell wall composition and pathogen infestation also contribute. While some varieties can cope better during storage, the underlying molecular mechanisms are currently undiscovered. We applied integrative transcriptomics on six varieties exhibiting different levels of sucrose loss during storage. Already prior to storage, well storable varieties were characterized by a higher number of parenchyma cells, a smaller cell area, and a thinner periderm. Supporting these findings, transcriptomics identified changes in genes involved in cell wall modifications. After 13 weeks of storage, over 900 differentially expressed genes were detected between well and badly storable varieties, mainly in the category of defense response but also in carbohydrate metabolism and the phenylpropanoid pathway. These findings were confirmed by gene co-expression network analysis where hub genes were identified as main drivers of invert sugar accumulation and sucrose loss. Our data provide insight into transcriptional changes in sugar beet roots during storage resulting in the characterization of key pathways and hub genes that might be further used as markers to improve pathogen resistance and storage properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Madritsch
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Tulln, Austria
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Svenja Bomers
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Tulln, Austria
| | - Alexandra Posekany
- University of Technology Vienna, Research Unit of Computational Statistics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnes Burg
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Tulln, Austria
| | - Rebekka Birke
- AGRANA Research & Innovation Center GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | | | | | - Sandra Otte
- Strube Research GmbH & Co. KG, Söllingen, Germany
| | - Herbert Eigner
- AGRANA Research & Innovation Center GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Eva M Sehr
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Tulln, Austria.
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13
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O'Leary B, Plaxton WC. Multifaceted functions of post-translational enzyme modifications in the control of plant glycolysis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 55:28-37. [PMID: 32200227 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis is a central feature of metabolism and its regulation plays important roles during plant developmental and stress responses. Recent advances in proteomics and mass spectrometry have documented extensive and dynamic post-translational modifications (PTMs) of most glycolytic enzymes in diverse plant tissues. Protein PTMs represent fundamental regulatory events that integrate signalling and gene expression with cellular metabolic networks, and can regulate glycolytic enzyme activity, localization, protein:protein interactions, moonlighting functions, and turnover. Serine/threonine phosphorylation and redox PTMs of cysteine thiol groups appear to be the most prevalent forms of reversible covalent modification involved in plant glycolytic control. Additional PTMs including monoubiquitination also have important functions. However, the molecular functions and mechanisms of most glycolytic enzyme PTMs remain unknown, and represent important objectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan O'Leary
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - William C Plaxton
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada.
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14
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Regulatory thiol oxidation in chloroplast metabolism, oxidative stress response and environmental signaling in plants. Biochem J 2020; 477:1865-1878. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The antagonism between thiol oxidation and reduction enables efficient control of protein function and is used as central mechanism in cellular regulation. The best-studied mechanism is the dithiol-disulfide transition in the Calvin Benson Cycle in photosynthesis, including mixed disulfide formation by glutathionylation. The adjustment of the proper thiol redox state is a fundamental property of all cellular compartments. The glutathione redox potential of the cytosol, stroma, matrix and nucleoplasm usually ranges between −300 and −320 mV. Thiol reduction proceeds by short electron transfer cascades consisting of redox input elements and redox transmitters such as thioredoxins. Thiol oxidation ultimately is linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Enhanced ROS production under stress shifts the redox network to more positive redox potentials. ROS do not react randomly but primarily with few specific redox sensors in the cell. The most commonly encountered reaction within the redox regulatory network however is the disulfide swapping. The thiol oxidation dynamics also involves transnitrosylation. This review compiles present knowledge on this network and its central role in sensing environmental cues with focus on chloroplast metabolism.
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15
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Mailloux RJ. Protein S-glutathionylation reactions as a global inhibitor of cell metabolism for the desensitization of hydrogen peroxide signals. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101472. [PMID: 32171726 PMCID: PMC7076094 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of many human diseases has been attributed to the over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly superoxide (O2●-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), by-products of metabolism that are generated by the premature reaction of electrons with molecular oxygen (O2) before they reach complex IV of the respiratory chain. To date, there are 32 known ROS generators in mammalian cells, 16 of which reside inside mitochondria. Importantly, although these ROS are deleterious at high levels, controlled and temporary bursts in H2O2 production is beneficial to mammalian cells. Mammalian cells use sophisticated systems to take advantage of the second messaging properties of H2O2. This includes controlling its availability using antioxidant systems and negative feedback loops that inhibit the genesis of ROS at sites of production. At its core, ROS production depends on fuel metabolism. Therefore, desensitizing H2O2 signals would also require the temporary inhibition of fuel combustion and fluxes through metabolic pathways that promote ROS production. Additionally, this would also demand the diversion of fuels and nutrients into pathways that generate NADPH and other molecules required to maintain cellular redox buffering capacity. Therefore, fuel selection and metabolic flux plays an integral role in dictating the strength and duration of cellular redox signals. In the present review I provide an updated view on the function of protein S-glutathionylation, a ubiquitous redox sensitive modification involving the formation of a disulfide between the small molecular antioxidant glutathione and a cysteine residue, in the regulation of cellular metabolism on a global scale. To date, these concepts have mostly been reviewed at the level of mitochondrial bioenergetics in the contexts of health and disease. Careful examination of the literature revealed that glutathionylation is a temporary inhibitor of most metabolic pathways including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid combustion, resulting in the diversion of fuels towards NADPH-producing pathways and the inhibition of ROS production. Armed with this information, I propose that protein S-glutathionylation reactions desensitize H2O2 signals emanating from catabolic pathways using a three-pronged regulatory mechanism; 1) inhibition of metabolic flux through pathways that promote ROS production, 2) diversion of metabolites towards pathways that support antioxidant defenses, and 3) direct inhibition of ROS-generating enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
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Castro-Torres E, Jiménez-Sandoval P, Romero-Romero S, Fuentes-Pascacio A, López-Castillo LM, Díaz-Quezada C, Fernández-Velasco DA, Torres-Larios A, Brieba LG. Structural basis for the modulation of plant cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase activity by mimicry of redox-based modifications. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:950-964. [PMID: 31034710 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxidative species (ROS) and S-glutathionylation modulate the activity of plant cytosolic triosephosphate isomerases (cTPI). Arabidopsis thaliana cTPI (AtcTPI) is subject of redox regulation at two reactive cysteines that function as thiol switches. Here we investigate the role of these residues, AtcTPI-Cys13 and At-Cys218, by substituting them with aspartic acid that mimics the irreversible oxidation of cysteine to sulfinic acid and with amino acids that mimic thiol conjugation. Crystallographic studies show that mimicking AtcTPI-Cys13 oxidation promotes the formation of inactive monomers by reposition residue Phe75 of the neighboring subunit, into a conformation that destabilizes the dimer interface. Mutations in residue AtcTPI-Cys218 to Asp, Lys, or Tyr generate TPI variants with a decreased enzymatic activity by creating structural modifications in two loops (loop 7 and loop 6) whose integrity is necessary to assemble the active site. In contrast with mutations in residue AtcTPI-Cys13, mutations in AtcTPI-Cys218 do not alter the dimeric nature of AtcTPI. Therefore, modifications of residues AtcTPI-Cys13 and AtcTPI-Cys218 modulate AtcTPI activity by inducing the formation of inactive monomers and by altering the active site of the dimeric enzyme, respectively. The identity of residue AtcTPI-Cys218 is conserved in the majority of plant cytosolic TPIs, this conservation and its solvent-exposed localization make it the most probable target for TPI regulation upon oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species. Our data reveal the structural mechanisms by which S-glutathionylation protects AtcTPI from irreversible chemical modifications and re-routes carbon metabolism to the pentose phosphate pathway to decrease oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Castro-Torres
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 629, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México, CP 36821, México
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Sandoval
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 629, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México, CP 36821, México
| | - Sergio Romero-Romero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-243, Mexico City, 04510, México
| | - Alma Fuentes-Pascacio
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 629, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México, CP 36821, México
| | - Laura M López-Castillo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 629, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México, CP 36821, México
| | - Corina Díaz-Quezada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 629, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México, CP 36821, México
| | - D Alejandro Fernández-Velasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-243, Mexico City, 04510, México
| | - Alfredo Torres-Larios
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-243, México City, 04510, México
| | - Luis G Brieba
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 629, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México, CP 36821, México
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17
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Chaplin AK, Chernukhin I, Bechtold U. Profiling of advanced glycation end products uncovers abiotic stress-specific target proteins in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:653-670. [PMID: 30395279 PMCID: PMC6322573 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic post-translational modifications of proteins can occur when the nucleophilic amino acid side chains of lysine and arginine encounter a reactive metabolite to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Glycation arises predominantly from the degradation of reducing sugars, and glycation has been observed during metabolic stress from glucose metabolism in both animals and plants. The implications of glycating proteins on plant proteins and biology has received little attention, and here we describe a robust assessment of global glycation profiles. We identified 112 glycated proteins that were common under a range of growth conditions and abiotic stress treatments, but also showed rosette age, diurnal, and drought stress-specific targets. Among 18 drought stress-specific glycation targets included several thioredoxin and thioredoxin-like proteins. In vitro glycation of two carbohydrate metabolism enzymes led either to a reduction or to a complete inhibition of activity, demonstrating the impact of glycation on protein function. Taken together, our results suggest that stress-specific glycation patterns of a small number of regulatory proteins may have a much broader impact on downstream target proteins that are, for example, associated with primary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Chaplin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
| | - Igor Chernukhin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
| | - Ulrike Bechtold
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
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Dumont S, Rivoal J. Consequences of Oxidative Stress on Plant Glycolytic and Respiratory Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:166. [PMID: 30833954 PMCID: PMC6387960 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are present at low and controlled levels under normal conditions. These reactive molecules can increase to high levels under various biotic and abiotic conditions, resulting in perturbation of the cellular redox state that can ultimately lead to oxidative or nitrosative stress. In this review, we analyze the various effects that result from alterations of redox homeostasis on plant glycolytic pathway and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Most documented modifications caused by ROS or RNS are due to the presence of redox-sensitive cysteine thiol groups in proteins. Redox modifications include Cys oxidation, disulfide bond formation, S-glutathionylation, S-nitrosylation, and S-sulfhydration. A growing number of proteomic surveys and biochemical studies document the occurrence of ROS- or RNS-mediated modification in enzymes of glycolysis and the TCA cycle. In a few cases, these modifications have been shown to affect enzyme activity, suggesting an operational regulatory mechanism in vivo. Further changes induced by oxidative stress conditions include the proposed redox-dependent modifications in the subcellular distribution of a putative redox sensor, NAD-glyceraldehyde-3P dehydrogenase and the micro-compartmentation of cytosolic glycolytic enzymes. Data from the literature indicate that oxidative stress may induce complex changes in metabolite pools in central carbon metabolism. This information is discussed in the context of our understanding of plant metabolic response to oxidative stress.
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Castro-Torres E, Jimenez-Sandoval P, Fernández-de Gortari E, López-Castillo M, Baruch-Torres N, López-Hidalgo M, Peralta-Castro A, Díaz-Quezada C, Sotelo-Mundo RR, Benitez-Cardoza CG, Espinoza-Fonseca LM, Ochoa-Leyva A, Brieba LG. Structural Basis for the Limited Response to Oxidative and Thiol-Conjugating Agents by Triosephosphate Isomerase From the Photosynthetic Bacteria Synechocystis. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:103. [PMID: 30538993 PMCID: PMC6277545 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the ancestral cyanobacterial triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) was replaced by a duplicated version of the cytosolic TPI. This isoform acquired a transit peptide for chloroplast localization and functions in the Calvin-Benson cycle. To gain insight into the reasons for this gene replacement in plants, we characterized the TPI from the photosynthetic bacteria Synechocystis (SyTPI). SyTPI presents typical TPI enzyme kinetics profiles and assembles as a homodimer composed of two subunits that arrange in a (β-α)8 fold. We found that oxidizing agents diamide (DA) and H2O2, as well as thiol-conjugating agents such as oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and methyl methanethiosulfonate (MMTS), do not inhibit the catalytic activity of SyTPI at concentrations required to inactivate plastidic and cytosolic TPIs from the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana (AtpdTPI and AtcTPI, respectively). The crystal structure of SyTPI revealed that each monomer contains three cysteines, C47, C127, and C176; however only the thiol group of C176 is solvent exposed. While AtcTPI and AtpdTPI are redox-regulated by chemical modifications of their accessible and reactive cysteines, we found that C176 of SyTPI is not sensitive to redox modification in vitro. Our data let us postulate that SyTPI was replaced by a eukaryotic TPI, because the latter contains redox-sensitive cysteines that may be subject to post-translational modifications required for modulating TPI's enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Castro-Torres
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Pedro Jimenez-Sandoval
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Eli Fernández-de Gortari
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Margarita López-Castillo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Noe Baruch-Torres
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Marisol López-Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Investigación Bioquímica, Programa Institucional en Biomedicina Molecular ENMyH-IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Antolín Peralta-Castro
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Corina Díaz-Quezada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Rogerio R Sotelo-Mundo
- Laboratorio de Estructura Biomolecular, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Claudia G Benitez-Cardoza
- Laboratorio de Investigación Bioquímica, Programa Institucional en Biomedicina Molecular ENMyH-IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - L Michel Espinoza-Fonseca
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Adrian Ochoa-Leyva
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Luis G Brieba
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Guanajuato, Mexico
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20
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Nucleoredoxin-Dependent Targets and Processes in Neuronal Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4829872. [PMID: 30584462 PMCID: PMC6280245 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4829872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoredoxin (Nrx) is an oxidoreductase of the thioredoxin family of proteins. It was shown to act as a signal transducer in some pathways; however, so far, no comprehensive analysis of its regulated substrates and functions was available. Here, we used a combination of two different strategies to fill this gap. First, we analyzed the thiol-redox state of the proteome of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells depleted of Nrx compared to control cells using a differential thiol-labeling technique and quantitative mass spectrometry. 171 proteins were identified with an altered redox state; 161 of these were more reduced in the absence of Nrx. This suggests functions of Nrx in the oxidation of protein thiols. Second, we utilized the active site mutant Cys208Ser of Nrx, which stabilizes a mixed disulfide intermediate with its substrates and therefore trapped interacting proteins from the mouse brain (identifying 1710 proteins) and neuronal cell culture extracts (identifying 609 proteins). Profiling of the affected biological processes and molecular functions in cells of neuronal origin suggests numerous functions of Nrx in the redox regulation of metabolic pathways, cellular morphology, and signal transduction. These results characterize Nrx as a cellular oxidase that itself may be oxidized by the formation of disulfide relays with peroxiredoxins.
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López-Grueso MJ, González-Ojeda R, Requejo-Aguilar R, McDonagh B, Fuentes-Almagro CA, Muntané J, Bárcena JA, Padilla CA. Thioredoxin and glutaredoxin regulate metabolism through different multiplex thiol switches. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101049. [PMID: 30639960 PMCID: PMC6327914 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to define the role of Trx and Grx on metabolic thiol redox regulation and identify their protein and metabolite targets. The hepatocarcinoma-derived HepG2 cell line under both normal and oxidative/nitrosative conditions by overexpression of NO synthase (NOS3) was used as experimental model. Grx1 or Trx1 silencing caused conspicuous changes in the redox proteome reflected by significant changes in the reduced/oxidized ratios of specific Cys's including several glycolytic enzymes. Cys91 of peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6) and Cys153 of phosphoglycerate mutase-1 (PGAM1), that are known to be involved in progression of tumor growth, are reported here for the first time as specific targets of Grx1. A group of proteins increased their CysRED/CysOX ratio upon Trx1 and/or Grx1 silencing, including caspase-3 Cys163, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) Cys247 and triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI) Cys255 likely by enhancement of NOS3 auto-oxidation. The activities of several glycolytic enzymes were also significantly affected. Glycolysis metabolic flux increased upon Trx1 silencing, whereas silencing of Grx1 had the opposite effect. Diversion of metabolic fluxes toward synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids was observed in siRNA-Grx1 treated cells, while siRNA-Trx1 treated cells showed elevated levels of various sphingomyelins and ceramides and signs of increased protein degradation. Glutathione synthesis was stimulated by both treatments. These data indicate that Trx and Grx have both, common and specific protein Cys redox targets and that down regulation of either redoxin has markedly different metabolic outcomes. They reflect the delicate sensitivity of redox equilibrium to changes in any of the elements involved and the difficulty of forecasting metabolic responses to redox environmental changes. Trx1 and Grx1 Cys redox targets are abundant among Glycolytic enzymes. PRDX6-Cys91 and PGAM-Cys153 are specific targets of Grx1. Down regulation of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin have different metabolic outcomes. Glutathione synthesis and membrane lipid composition are sensitive to Trx1 and Grx1 down regulation. Redoxins down regulation also induce target Cys reductive changes under NOS3 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J López-Grueso
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - R González-Ojeda
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), IBiS/"Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - R Requejo-Aguilar
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - B McDonagh
- Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland
| | | | - J Muntané
- Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland
| | - J A Bárcena
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.
| | - C A Padilla
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
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Liu Y, Cao Y, Zhang Q, Li X, Wang S. A Cytosolic Triosephosphate Isomerase Is a Key Component in XA3/XA26-Mediated Resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:923-935. [PMID: 30158116 PMCID: PMC6181051 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) causes severe damage to rice (Oryza sativa) production worldwide. The major disease resistance gene, Xa3/Xa26, confers broad-spectrum and durable resistance to Xoo at both seedling and adult stages. However, the molecular mechanism of the Xa3/Xa26-initiated defense pathway against Xoo is still largely unknown. Here, we show that a triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), OsTPI1.1, is a key component in XA3/XA26-mediated resistance to Xoo OsTPI1.1 is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Transcriptional suppression of OsTPI1.1 in plants harboring Xa3/Xa26 largely impaired the XA3/XA26-mediated resistance to Xoo, and constitutive overexpression of OsTPI1.1 in susceptible rice plants without Xa3/Xa26 only slightly decreased the susceptibility to Xoo Therefore, both XA3/XA26 and OsTPI1.1 are required in XA3/XA26-mediated resistance. We show that OsTPI1.1 participates in the resistance through its enzymatic activity, which was enhanced significantly by its binding with XA3/XA26. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydrogen peroxide, accumulated in the OsTPI1.1-overexpressing plants, and suppression of OsTPI1.1 decreased ROS accumulation. The changes in ROS are associated with the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH, which may act as a redox cofactor to scavenge ROS, leading to reduced resistance to Xoo These results suggest that OsTPI1.1 modulates ROS production as a resistance mechanism against Xoo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yinglong Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Dumont S, Bykova NV, Khaou A, Besserour Y, Dorval M, Rivoal J. Arabidopsis thaliana alcohol dehydrogenase is differently affected by several redox modifications. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204530. [PMID: 30252897 PMCID: PMC6155552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In plant cells, many stresses, including low oxygen availability, result in a higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). These molecules can lead to redox-dependent post-translational modification of proteins Cys residues. Here, we studied the effect of different redox modifications on alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Arabidopsis thaliana. ADH catalyzes the last step of the ethanol fermentation pathway used by plants to cope with energy deficiency during hypoxic stress. Arabidopsis suspension cell cultures showed decreased ADH activity upon exposure to H2O2, but not to the thiol oxidizing agent diamide. We purified recombinant ADH and observed a significant decrease in the enzyme activity by treatments with H2O2 and diethylamine NONOate (DEA/NO). Treatments leading to the formation of a disulfide bond between ADH and glutathione (protein S-glutathionylation) had no negative effect on the enzyme activity. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that Cys47 and Cys243 could make a stable disulfide bond with glutathione, suggesting redox sensitivity of these residues. Mutation of ADH Cys47 to Ser caused an almost complete loss of the enzyme activity while the Cys243 to Ser mutant had increased specific activity. Incubation of ADH with NAD+ or NADH prevented inhibition of the enzyme by H2O2 or DEA/NO. These results suggest that binding of ADH with its cofactors may limit availability of Cys residues to redox modifications. Our study demonstrates that ADH from A. thaliana is subject to different redox modifications. Implications of ADH sensitivity to ROS and RNS during hypoxic stress conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Dumont
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalia V. Bykova
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Alexia Khaou
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yasmine Besserour
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maude Dorval
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean Rivoal
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Schneider M, Knuesting J, Birkholz O, Heinisch JJ, Scheibe R. Cytosolic GAPDH as a redox-dependent regulator of energy metabolism. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:184. [PMID: 30189844 PMCID: PMC6127989 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant cytosolic NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapC) displays redox-dependent changes in its subcellular localizations and activity. Apart from its fundamental role in glycolysis, it also exhibits moonlighting properties. Since the exceptional redox-sensitivity of GapC has been suggested to play a crucial role in its various functions, we here studied its redox-dependent subcellular localization and the influence of the redox-state on GapC protein interactions. RESULTS In mesophyll protoplasts from Arabidopsis thaliana, colocalization of GapC with mitochondria was more pronounced under reducing conditions than upon oxidative stress. In accordance, reduced GapC showed an increased affinity to the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC) compared to the oxidized one. On the other hand, nuclear localization of GapC was increased under oxidizing conditions. The essential role of the catalytic cysteine for nuclear translocation was shown by using the corresponding cysteine mutants. Furthermore, interaction of GapC with the thioredoxin Trx-h3 as a candidate to revert the redox-modifications, occurred in the nucleus of oxidized protoplasts. In a yeast complementation assay, we could demonstrate that the plant-specific non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde 3-P dehydrogenase (GapN) can substitute for glucose 6-P dehydrogenase to generate NADPH for re-reduction of the Trx system and ROS defense. CONCLUSIONS The preferred association of reduced, glycolytically active GapC with VDAC suggests a substrate-channeling metabolon at the mitochondrial surface for efficient energy generation. Increased occurrence of oxidized GapC in the nucleus points to a function in signal transduction and gene expression. Furthermore, the interaction of GapC with Trx-h3 in the nucleus indicates reversal of the oxidative cysteine modification after re-establishment of cellular homeostasis. Both, energy metabolism and signal transfer for long-term adjustment and protection from redox-imbalances are mediated by the various functions of GapC. The molecular properties of GapC as a redox-switch are key to its multiple roles in orchestrating energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schneider
- Division of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Johannes Knuesting
- Division of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Oliver Birkholz
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jürgen J. Heinisch
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Division of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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Ruiz‐May E, Segura‐Cabrera A, Elizalde‐Contreras JM, Shannon LM, Loyola‐Vargas VM. A recent advance in the intracellular and extracellular redox post‐translational modification of proteins in plants. J Mol Recognit 2018; 32:e2754. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliel Ruiz‐May
- Red de Estudios Moleculares AvanzadosInstituto de Ecología A. C., Cluster BioMimic® Xalapa Veracruz Mexico
| | - Aldo Segura‐Cabrera
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryEuropean Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridgeshire UK
| | - Jose M. Elizalde‐Contreras
- Red de Estudios Moleculares AvanzadosInstituto de Ecología A. C., Cluster BioMimic® Xalapa Veracruz Mexico
| | - Laura M. Shannon
- Department of Horticultural ScienceUniversity of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Víctor M. Loyola‐Vargas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de PlantasCentro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán Mérida Yucatán Mexico
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26
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Huang J, Willems P, Van Breusegem F, Messens J. Pathways crossing mammalian and plant sulfenomic landscapes. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:193-201. [PMID: 29476921 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and especially hydrogen peroxide, are potent signaling molecules that activate cellular defense responses. Hydrogen peroxide can provoke reversible and irreversible oxidative posttranslational modifications on cysteine residues of proteins that act in diverse signaling circuits. The initial oxidation product of cysteine, sulfenic acid, has emerged as a biologically relevant posttranslational modification, because it is the primary sulfur oxygen modification that precedes divergent series of additional adaptations. In this review, we focus on the functional consequences of sulfenylation for both mammalian and plant proteins. Furthermore, we created compendia of sulfenylated proteins in human and plants based on mass spectrometry experiments, thereby defining the current plant and human sulfenomes. To assess the evolutionary conservation of sulfenylation, the sulfenomes of human and plants were compared based on protein homology. In total, 185 human sulfenylated proteins showed homology to sulfenylated plant proteins and the conserved sulfenylation targets participated in specific biological pathways and metabolic processes. Comprehensive functional studies of sulfenylation remains a future challenge, with multiple candidates suggested by mass spectrometry awaiting scrutinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Huang
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Willems
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Joris Messens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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27
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Barinova KV, Serebryakova MV, Muronetz VI, Schmalhausen EV. S-glutathionylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase induces formation of C150-C154 intrasubunit disulfide bond in the active site of the enzyme. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3167-3177. [PMID: 28935607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a glycolytic protein involved in numerous non-glycolytic functions. S-glutathionylated GAPDH was revealed in plant and animal tissues. The role of GAPDH S-glutathionylation is not fully understood. METHODS Rabbit muscle GAPDH was S-glutathionylated in the presence of H2O2 and reduced glutathione (GSH). The modified protein was assayed by MALDI-MS analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic light scattering, and ultracentrifugation. RESULTS Incubation of GAPDH in the presence of H2O2 together with GSH resulted in the complete inactivation of the enzyme. In contrast to irreversible oxidation of GAPDH by H2O2, this modification could be reversed in the excess of GSH or dithiothreitol. By data of MALDI-MS analysis, the modified protein contained both mixed disulfide between Cys150 and GSH and the intrasubunit disulfide bond between Cys150 and Cys154 (different subunits of tetrameric GAPDH may contain different products). S-glutathionylation results in loosening of the tertiary structure of GAPDH, decreases its affinity to NAD+ and thermal stability. CONCLUSIONS The mixed disulfide between Cys150 and GSH is an intermediate product of S-glutathionylation: its subsequent reaction with Cys154 results in the intrasubunit disulfide bond in the active site of GAPDH. The mixed disulfide and the C150-C154 disulfide bond protect GAPDH from irreversible oxidation and can be reduced in the excess of thiols. Conformational changes that were observed in S-glutathionylated GAPDH may affect interactions between GAPDH and other proteins (ligands), suggesting the role of S-glutathionylation in the redox signaling. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The manuscript considers one of the possible mechanisms of redox regulation of cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Barinova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - M V Serebryakova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - V I Muronetz
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - E V Schmalhausen
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.
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Olivares-Illana V, Riveros-Rosas H, Cabrera N, Tuena de Gómez-Puyou M, Pérez-Montfort R, Costas M, Gómez-Puyou A. A guide to the effects of a large portion of the residues of triosephosphate isomerase on catalysis, stability, druggability, and human disease. Proteins 2017; 85:1190-1211. [PMID: 28378917 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is a ubiquitous enzyme, which appeared early in evolution. TIM is responsible for obtaining net ATP from glycolysis and producing an extra pyruvate molecule for each glucose molecule, under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It is placed in a metabolic crossroad that allows a quick balance of the triose phosphate aldolase produced by glycolysis, and is also linked to lipid metabolism through the alternation of glycerol-3-phosphate and the pentose cycle. TIM is one of the most studied enzymes with more than 199 structures deposited in the PDB. The interest for this enzyme stems from the fact that it is involved in glycolysis, but also in aging, human diseases and metabolism. TIM has been a target in the search for chemical compounds against infectious diseases and is a model to study catalytic features. Until February 2017, 62% of all residues of the protein have been studied by mutagenesis and/or using other approaches. Here, we present a detailed and comprehensive recompilation of the reported effects on TIM catalysis, stability, druggability and human disease produced by each of the amino acids studied, contributing to a better understanding of the properties of this fundamental protein. The information reviewed here shows that the role of the noncatalytic residues depend on their molecular context, the delicate balance between the short and long-range interactions in concerted action determining the properties of the protein. Each protein should be regarded as a unique entity that has evolved to be functional in the organism to which it belongs. Proteins 2017; 85:1190-1211. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Olivares-Illana
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Biomoleculares y Cáncer. Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78290, México
| | - Hector Riveros-Rosas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Nallely Cabrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Marietta Tuena de Gómez-Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Ruy Pérez-Montfort
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Miguel Costas
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Armando Gómez-Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
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