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Shaaban A, Hemida KA, Abd El-Mageed TA, Semida WM, AbuQamar SF, El-Saadony MT, Al-Elwany OAAI, El-Tarabily KA. Incorporation of compost and biochar enhances yield and medicinal compounds in seeds of water-stressed Trigonella foenum-graecum L. plants cultivated in saline calcareous soils. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:538. [PMID: 38867179 PMCID: PMC11167906 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of compost and biochar (CB) plays an important role in soil restoration and mitigation strategies against drought stress in plants. In the current study, the impact of CB was determined on the characteristics of saline calcareous soil and the productivity of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) plants. The field trials examined CB rates (CB0, CB10 and CB20 corresponding to 0, 10, and 20 t ha‒1, respectively) under deficit irrigation [DI0%, DI20%, and DI40% receiving 100, 80, and 60% crop evapotranspiration (ETc), respectively] conditions on growth, seed yield (SY), quality, and water productivity (WP) of fenugreek grown in saline calcareous soils. RESULTS In general, DI negatively affected the morpho-physio-biochemical responses in plants cultivated in saline calcareous soils. However, amendments of CB10 or CB20 improved soil structure under DI conditions. This was evidenced by the decreased pH, electrical conductivity of soil extract (ECe), and bulk density but increased organic matter, macronutrient (N, P, and K) availability, water retention, and total porosity; thus, maintaining better water and nutritional status. These soil modifications improved chlorophyll, tissue water contents, cell membrane stability, photosystem II photochemical efficiency, photosynthetic performance, and nutritional homeostasis of drought-stressed plants. This was also supported by increased osmolytes, non-enzymatic, and enzymatic activities under DI conditions. Regardless of DI regimes, SY was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved by 40.0 and 102.5% when plants were treated with CB10 and CB20, respectively, as similarly observed for seed alkaloids (87.0, and 39.1%), trigonelline content (43.8, and 16.7%) and WP (40.9, and 104.5%) over unamended control plants. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the application of organic amendments of CB can be a promising sustainable solution for improving saline calcareous soil properties, mitigating the negative effects of DI stress, and enhancing crop productivity in arid and semi-arid agro-climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Shaaban
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Khaulood A Hemida
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Taia A Abd El-Mageed
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Wael M Semida
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Synan F AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Omar A A I Al-Elwany
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Liu X, Su L, Li L, Zhang Z, Li X, Liang Q, Li L. Transcriptome profiling reveals characteristics of hairy root and the role of AhGLK1 in response to drought stress and post-drought recovery in peanut. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:119. [PMID: 36927268 PMCID: PMC10018853 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HR (hairy root) has emerged as a valuable tissue for the rapid characterization of plant gene function and enzyme activity in vivo. AhGLK1 (Arachis hypogaea L. golden2-like 1) is known to play a role in post-drought recovery. However, it is unclear (a) whether HR has properties that are distinct from those of PR (primary root); and (b) which gene networks are regulated by AhGLK1 in response to drought stress and recovery in peanut. RESULTS We found that cells of the root tip cortex were larger in HR than in PR, while a total of 850 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in HR compared to PR. Eighty-eight of these DEGs, relating to chlorophyll and photosynthesis, were upregulated in HR. In addition, AhGLK1-OX (AhGLK1-overexpressing) HR showed a green phenotype, and had a higher relative water content than 35 S::eGFP (control) HR during drought stress. RNA-seq analysis showed that 74 DEGs involved both in the drought response and the post-drought recovery process were significantly enriched in the galactose metabolism pathway. GO terms enrichment analysis revealed that 59.19%, 29.79% and 17.02% of the DEGs mapped to the 'biological process' (BP), 'molecular function' (MF) and 'cellular component' (CC) domains, respectively. Furthermore, 20 DEGs involved in post-drought recovery were uniquely expressed in AhGLK1-OX HR and were significantly enriched in the porphyrin metabolism pathway. GO analysis showed that 42.42%, 30.30% and 27.28% of DEGs could be assigned to the BP, MF and CC domains, respectively. Transcription factors including bHLH and MYB family members may play a key role during drought stress and recovery. CONCLUSION Our data reveal that HR has some of the characteristics of leaves, indicating that HR is suitable for studying genes that are mainly expressed in leaves. The RNA-seq results are consistent with previous studies that show chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis to be critical for the role of AhGLK1 in improving post-drought recovery growth in peanut. These findings provide in-depth insights that will be of great utility for the exploration of candidate gene functions in relation to drought tolerance and/or post-drought recovery ability in peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, 519040, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangchen Su
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, 519040, Zhuhai, China
| | - Limei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjian Liang
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China.
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Wu S, Tian J, Ren T, Wang Y. Osmotic Adjustment and Antioxidant System Regulated by Nitrogen Deposition Improve Photosynthetic and Growth Performance and Alleviate Oxidative Damage in Dwarf Bamboo Under Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:819071. [PMID: 35498701 PMCID: PMC9047053 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.819071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dwarf bamboo (Fargesia denudata) is a staple food for the endangered giant pandas and plays a critical role in the sub-alpine ecosystem. Characterized by shallow roots and expeditious growth, it is exceedingly susceptible to drought stress and nitrogen (N) deposition in the context of a changing global environment. However, a comprehensive picture about the interactive response mechanism of dwarf bamboo to the two factors, water regime and N deposition, is far from being given. Therefore, a completely randomized design with two factors of water regimes (well-watered and water-stressed) and N deposition levels (with and without N addition) of F. denudata was conducted. In view of the obtained results, drought stress had an adverse impact on F. denudata, showing that it destroyed ultrastructure integrity and induced oxidative damage and restricted water status in leaves and roots, as well as declined photosynthetic efficiency in leaves, especially in N non-deposition plants. Nevertheless, F. denudata significantly increased heat dissipation in leaves, regulated antioxidant enzymes activities, antioxidants contents, and osmoregulation substances concentrations in leaves and roots, as well as shifted biomass partitioning in response to drought stress. However, regardless of water availability, N deposition maintained better ultrastructure in leaves and roots, resulting in superior photosynthesis and growth of F. denudata. Additionally, although N deposition did not cause oxidative damage in well-watered plants, ameliorated the effects of drought stress on F. denudata through co-deploying heat dissipation in leaves, the antioxidant system in roots as well as osmotic adjustment in leaves and roots. Noticeably, the leaves and roots of F. denudata expressed quite distinct acclimation responses to drought resistance under N deposition.
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Wang T, Liu L, Wang X, Liang L, Yue J, Li L. Comparative Analyses of Anatomical Structure, Phytohormone Levels, and Gene Expression Profiles Reveal Potential Dwarfing Mechanisms in Shengyin Bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis f. tubaeformis). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1697. [PMID: 29875341 PMCID: PMC6032043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is one of the most important bamboo species in China and the third most important plant species for timber production. However, the dwarf variant of moso bamboo, P. edulis f. tubaeformis (shengyin bamboo), which has shortened internodes, is not well studied. We used anatomical, hormonal, and transcriptomic approaches to study internode shortening and shoot growth in dwarf shengyin and wild moso bamboo. Phenotypic and anatomical observations showed that dwarfing in shengyin bamboo is due to reduced internode length, and the culm fibers in shengyin bamboo are significantly shorter and thicker than in wild moso bamboo. We measured the levels of endogenous hormones in the internodes and found that shengyin bamboo had lower levels of four hormones while two others were higher in wild moso bamboo. Comparative transcriptome analyses revealed a potential regulating mechanism for internode length involving genes for cell wall loosening-related enzymes and the cellulose and lignin biosynthesis pathways. Genes involved in hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, especially those that showed significant differential expression in the internodes between shengyin and wild moso bamboo, may be important in determining the shortened internode phenotype. A hypothesis involving possible cross-talk between phytohormone signaling cues and cell wall expansion leading to dwarfism in shengyin bamboo is proposed. The results presented here provide a comprehensive exploration of the biological mechanisms that determine internode shortening in moso bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Lixiong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Jinjun Yue
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China.
| | - Lubin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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Rurek M, Czołpińska M, Pawłowski TA, Staszak AM, Nowak W, Krzesiński W, Spiżewski T. Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Diverse Cauliflower Cultivars under Mild and Severe Drought. Impaired Coordination of Selected Transcript and Proteomic Responses, and Regulation of Various Multifunctional Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041130. [PMID: 29642585 PMCID: PMC5979313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial responses under drought within Brassica genus are poorly understood. The main goal of this study was to investigate mitochondrial biogenesis of three cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) cultivars with varying drought tolerance. Diverse quantitative changes (decreases in abundance mostly) in the mitochondrial proteome were assessed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Respiratory (e.g., complex II, IV (CII, CIV) and ATP synthase subunits), transporter (including diverse porin isoforms) and matrix multifunctional proteins (e.g., components of RNA editing machinery) were diversely affected in their abundance under two drought levels. Western immunoassays showed additional cultivar-specific responses of selected mitochondrial proteins. Dehydrin-related tryptic peptides (found in several 2D spots) immunopositive with dehydrin-specific antisera highlighted the relevance of mitochondrial dehydrin-like proteins for the drought response. The abundance of selected mRNAs participating in drought response was also determined. We conclude that mitochondrial biogenesis was strongly, but diversely affected in various cauliflower cultivars, and associated with drought tolerance at the proteomic and functional levels. However, discussed alternative oxidase (AOX) regulation at the RNA and protein level were largely uncoordinated due to the altered availability of transcripts for translation, mRNA/ribosome interactions, and/or miRNA impact on transcript abundance and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Rurek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Czołpińska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | | | - Aleksandra Maria Staszak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
- Present address: Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Witold Nowak
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Włodzimierz Krzesiński
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Spiżewski
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland.
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