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Manan S, Li P, Alfarraj S, Ansari MJ, Bilal M, Ullah MW, Zhao J. FUS3: Orchestrating soybean plant development and boosting stress tolerance through metabolic pathway regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108803. [PMID: 38885564 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Soybean research has gained immense attention due to its extensive use in food, feedstock, and various industrial applications, such as the production of lubricants and engine oils. In oil crops, the process of seed development and storage substances accumulation is intricate and regulated by multiple transcription factors (TFs). In this study, FUSCA3 (GmFUS3) was characterized for its roles in plant development, lipid metabolism, and stress regulation. Expressing GmFUS3 in atfus3 plants restored normal characteristics observed in wild-type plants, including cotyledon morphology, seed shape, leaf structure, and flower development. Additionally, its expression led to a significant increase of 25% triacylglycerols (TAG) and 33% in protein levels. Transcriptomic analysis further supported the involvement of GmFUS3 in various phases of plant development, lipid biosynthesis, lipid trafficking, and flavonoid biosynthesis. To assess the impact of stress on GmFUS3 expression, soybean plants were subjected to different stress conditions, and the its expression was assessed. Transcriptomic data revealed significant alterations in the expression levels of approximately 80 genes linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and 40 genes associated with both abiotic and biotic stresses. Additionally, GmFUS3 was found to regulate abscisic acid synthesis and interact with nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1, which is responsible for plant cellular processes, development, and stress response. Overall, this research sheds light on the multifaceted functions of GmFUS3 and its potential applications in enhancing crop productivity and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Manan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Penghui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), 244001, India
| | - Misbah Bilal
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Jian Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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2
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Cao S, Liu B, Wang D, Rasheed A, Xie L, Xia X, He Z. Orchestrating seed storage protein and starch accumulation toward overcoming yield-quality trade-off in cereal crops. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:468-483. [PMID: 38409921 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Achieving high yield and good quality in crops is essential for human food security and health. However, there is usually disharmony between yield and quality. Seed storage protein (SSP) and starch, the predominant components in cereal grains, determine yield and quality, and their coupled synthesis causes a yield-quality trade-off. Therefore, dissection of the underlying regulatory mechanism facilitates simultaneous improvement of yield and quality. Here, we summarize current findings about the synergistic molecular machinery underpinning SSP and starch synthesis in the leading staple cereal crops, including maize, rice and wheat. We further evaluate the functional conservation and differentiation of key regulators and specify feasible research approaches to identify additional regulators and expand insights. We also present major strategies to leverage resultant information for simultaneous improvement of yield and quality by molecular breeding. Finally, future perspectives on major challenges are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bingyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Awais Rasheed
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lina Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianchun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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3
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Plessis A, Ravel C, Risacher T, Duchateau N, Dardevet M, Merlino M, Torney F, Martre P. Storage protein activator controls grain protein accumulation in bread wheat in a nitrogen dependent manner. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22736. [PMID: 38123623 PMCID: PMC10733432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of cereal grain storage protein (GSP) genes is controlled by a complex network of transcription factors (TFs). Storage protein activator (SPA) is a major TF acting in this network but its specific function in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) remains to be determined. Here we generated an RNAi line in which expression of the three SPA homoeologs was reduced. In this line and its null segregant we analyzed GSP accumulation and expression of GSP and regulatory TF genes under two regimes of nitrogen availability. We show that down regulation of SPA decreases grain protein concentration at maturity under low but not high nitrogen supply. Under low nitrogen supply, the decrease in SPA expression also caused a reduction in the total quantity of GSP per grain and in the ratio of GSP to albumin-globulins, without significantly affecting GSP composition. The slight reduction in GSP gene expression measured in the SPA RNAi line under low nitrogen supply did not entirely account for the more significant decrease in GSP accumulation, suggesting that SPA regulates additional levels of GSP synthesis. Our results demonstrate a clear role of SPA in the regulation of grain nitrogen metabolism when nitrogen is a limiting resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Plessis
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1095 GDEC, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Catherine Ravel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1095 GDEC, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | | | - Nathalie Duchateau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1095 GDEC, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Mireille Dardevet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1095 GDEC, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Marielle Merlino
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1095 GDEC, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - François Torney
- Centre de Recherche, Limagrain Europe, 63 720, Chappes, France
| | - Pierre Martre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1095 GDEC, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
- LEPSE, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Institut SupAgro Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
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4
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Xie L, Liu S, Zhang Y, Tian W, Xu D, Li J, Luo X, Li L, Bian Y, Li F, Hao Y, He Z, Xia X, Song X, Cao S. Efficient proteome-wide identification of transcription factors targeting Glu-1: A case study for functional validation of TaB3-2A1 in wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1952-1965. [PMID: 37381172 PMCID: PMC10502752 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), a major component of seed storage proteins (SSP) in wheat, largely determine processing quality. HMW-GS encoded by GLU-1 loci are mainly controlled at the transcriptional level by interactions between cis-elements and transcription factors (TFs). We previously identified a conserved cis-regulatory module CCRM1-1 as the most essential cis-element for Glu-1 endosperm-specific high expression. However, the TFs targeting CCRM1-1 remained unknown. Here, we built the first DNA pull-down plus liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platform in wheat and identified 31 TFs interacting with CCRM1-1. TaB3-2A1 as proof of concept was confirmed to bind to CCRM1-1 by yeast one hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Transactivation experiments demonstrated that TaB3-2A1 repressed CCRM1-1-driven transcription activity. TaB3-2A1 overexpression significantly reduced HMW-GS and other SSP, but enhanced starch content. Transcriptome analyses confirmed that enhanced expression of TaB3-2A1 down-regulated SSP genes and up-regulated starch synthesis-related genes, such as TaAGPL3, TaAGPS2, TaGBSSI, TaSUS1 and TaSUS5, suggesting that it is an integrator modulating the balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. TaB3-2A1 also had significant effects on agronomic traits, including heading date, plant height and grain weight. We identified two major haplotypes of TaB3-2A1 and found that TaB3-2A1-Hap1 conferred lower seed protein content, but higher starch content, plant height and grain weight than TaB3-2A1-Hap2 and was subjected to positive selection in a panel of elite wheat cultivars. These findings provide a high-efficiency tool to detect TFs binding to targeted promoters, considerable gene resources for dissecting regulatory mechanisms underlying Glu-1 expression, and a useful gene for wheat improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Xie
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement CentreChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
- College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Siyang Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement CentreChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement CentreChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Wenfei Tian
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement CentreChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China OfficeChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Dengan Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement CentreChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Jihu Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement CentreChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Xumei Luo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement CentreChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Lingli Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement CentreChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Yingjie Bian
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement CentreChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Faji Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement CentreChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Yuanfeng Hao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement CentreChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement CentreChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China OfficeChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Xianchun Xia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement CentreChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Xiyue Song
- College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Shuanghe Cao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement CentreChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
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Merlino M, Gaudin JC, Dardevet M, Martre P, Ravel C, Boudet J. Wheat DOF transcription factors TaSAD and WPBF regulate glutenin gene expression in cooperation with SPA. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287645. [PMID: 37352279 PMCID: PMC10289392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain storage proteins (GSPs) quantity and composition determine the end-use value of wheat flour. GSPs consists of low-molecular-weight glutenins (LMW-GS), high-molecular-weight glutenins (HMW-GS) and gliadins. GSP gene expression is controlled by a complex network of DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions, which coordinate the tissue-specific protein expression during grain development. The regulatory network has been most extensively studied in barley, particularly the two transcription factors (TFs) of the DNA binding with One Finger (DOF) family, barley Prolamin-box Binding Factor (BPBF) and Scutellum and Aleurone-expressed DOF (SAD). They activate hordein synthesis by binding to the Prolamin box, a motif in the hordein promoter. The BPBF ortholog previously identified in wheat, WPBF, has a transcriptional activity in expression of some GSP genes. Here, the wheat ortholog of SAD, named TaSAD, was identified. The binding of TaSAD to GSP gene promoter sequences in vitro and its transcriptional activity in vivo were investigated. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, recombinant TaSAD and WPBF proteins bound to cis-motifs like those located on HMW-GS and LMW-GS gene promoters known to bind DOF TFs. We showed by transient expression assays in wheat endosperms that TaSAD and WPBF activate GSP gene expression. Moreover, co-bombardment of Storage Protein Activator (SPA) with WPBF or TaSAD had an additive effect on the expression of GSP genes, possibly through conserved cooperative protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Merlino
- INRAE, Clermont Auvergne University, UMR GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Mireille Dardevet
- INRAE, Clermont Auvergne University, UMR GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Martre
- LEPSE, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Ravel
- INRAE, Clermont Auvergne University, UMR GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julie Boudet
- INRAE, Clermont Auvergne University, UMR GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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6
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Wang X, Liu Y, Hao C, Li T, Majeed U, Liu H, Li H, Hou J, Zhang X. Wheat NAC-A18 regulates grain starch and storage proteins synthesis and affects grain weight. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:123. [PMID: 37147554 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Wheat NAC-A18 regulates both starch and storage protein synthesis in the grain, and a haplotype with positive effects on grain weight showed increased frequency during wheat breeding in China. Starch and seed storage protein (SSP) directly affect the processing quality of wheat grain. The synthesis of starch and SSP are also regulated at the transcriptional level. However, only a few starch and SSP regulators have been identified in wheat. In this study, we discovered a NAC transcription factor, designated as NAC-A18, which acts as a regulator of both starch and SSP synthesis. NAC-A18, is predominately expressed in wheat developing grains, encodes a transcription factor localized in the nucleus, with both activation and repression domains. Ectopic expression of wheat NAC-A18 in rice significantly decreased starch accumulation and increased SSP accumulation and grain size and weight. Dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that NAC-A18 could reduce the expression of TaGBSSI-A1 and TaGBSSI-A2, and enhance the expression of TaLMW-D6 and TaLMW-D1. A yeast one hybrid assay demonstrated that NAC-A18 bound directly to the cis-element "ACGCAA" in the promoters of TaLMW-D6 and TaLMW-D1. Further analysis indicated that two haplotypes were formed at NAC-A18, and that NAC-A18_h1 was a favorable haplotype correlated with higher thousand grain weight. Based on limited population data, NAC-A18_h1 underwent positive selection during Chinese wheat breeding. Our study demonstrates that wheat NAC-A18 regulates starch and SSP accumulation and grain size. A molecular marker was developed for the favorable allele for breeding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yunchuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chenyang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Uzma Majeed
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xueyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Pei H, Li Y, Liu Y, Liu P, Zhang J, Ren X, Lu Z. Chromatin accessibility landscapes revealed the subgenome-divergent regulation networks during wheat grain development. ABIOTECH 2023; 4:8-19. [PMID: 37220536 PMCID: PMC10199822 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain mainly depends on the processes of starch synthesis and storage protein accumulation, which are critical for grain yield and quality. However, the regulatory network underlying the transcriptional and physiological changes of grain development is still not clear. Here, we combined ATAC-seq and RNA-seq to discover the chromatin accessibility and gene expression dynamics during these processes. We found that the chromatin accessibility changes are tightly associated with differential transcriptomic expressions, and the proportion of distal ACRs was increased gradually during grain development. Specific transcription factor (TF) binding sites were enriched at different stages and were diversified among the 3 subgenomes. We further predicted the potential interactions between key TFs and genes related with starch and storage protein biosynthesis and found different copies of some key TFs played diversified roles. Overall, our findings have provided numerous resources and illustrated the regulatory network during wheat grain development, which would shed light on the improvement of wheat yields and qualities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-023-00095-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcui Pei
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yushan Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Pan Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xueni Ren
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Zefu Lu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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8
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Wheat genomic study for genetic improvement of traits in China. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1718-1775. [PMID: 36018491 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop that feeds 40% of the world's population. Over the past several decades, advances in genomics have led to tremendous achievements in understanding the origin and domestication of wheat, and the genetic basis of agronomically important traits, which promote the breeding of elite varieties. In this review, we focus on progress that has been made in genomic research and genetic improvement of traits such as grain yield, end-use traits, flowering regulation, nutrient use efficiency, and biotic and abiotic stress responses, and various breeding strategies that contributed mainly by Chinese scientists. Functional genomic research in wheat is entering a new era with the availability of multiple reference wheat genome assemblies and the development of cutting-edge technologies such as precise genome editing tools, high-throughput phenotyping platforms, sequencing-based cloning strategies, high-efficiency genetic transformation systems, and speed-breeding facilities. These insights will further extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying agronomic traits and facilitate the breeding process, ultimately contributing to more sustainable agriculture in China and throughout the world.
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9
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Marín-Sanz M, Barro F. RNAi silencing of wheat gliadins alters the network of transcription factors that regulate the synthesis of seed storage proteins toward maintaining grain protein levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:935851. [PMID: 36003813 PMCID: PMC9395171 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.935851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gluten proteins are responsible for the unique viscoelastic properties of wheat dough, but they also trigger the immune response in celiac disease patients. RNA interference (RNAi) wheat lines with strongly silenced gliadins were obtained to reduce the immunogenic response of wheat. The E82 line presents the highest reduction of gluten, but other grain proteins increased, maintaining a total nitrogen content comparable to that of the wild type. To better understand the regulatory mechanisms in response to gliadin silencing, we carried out a transcriptomic analysis of grain and leaf tissues of the E82 line during grain filling. A network of candidate transcription factors (TFs) that regulates the synthesis of the seed storage proteins (SSPs), α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors, lipid transfer proteins, serpins, and starch in the grain was obtained. Moreover, there were a high number of differentially expressed genes in the leaf of E82, where processes such as nutrient availability and transport were enriched. The source-sink communication between leaf and grain showed that many down-regulated genes were related to protease activity, amino acid and sugar metabolism, and their transport. In the leaf, specific proline transporters and lysine-histidine transporters were down- and up-regulated, respectively. Overall, the silencing of gliadins in the RNAi line is compensated mainly with lysine-rich globulins, which are not related to the proposed candidate network of TFs, suggesting that these proteins are regulated independently of the other SSPs. Results reported here can explain the protein compensation mechanisms and contribute to decipher the complex TF network operating during grain filling.
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10
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Guo Z, Chen Q, Zhu J, Wang Y, Li Y, Li Q, Zhao K, Li Y, Tang R, Shi X, Tan K, Kong L, Jiang Y, Jiang Q, Wang J, Chen G, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Qi P. The Qc5 Allele Increases Wheat Bread-Making Quality by Regulating SPA and SPR. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7581. [PMID: 35886927 PMCID: PMC9323144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important food crop with a unique processing quality. The Q gene positively regulates the processing quality of wheat, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, a new Q allele (Qc5) responsible for compact spikes and good bread performance was identified. Compared with the Q allele widely distributed in modern common wheat cultivars, Qc5 had a missense mutation outside the miRNA172-binding site. This missense mutation led to a more compact messenger RNA (mRNA) secondary structure around the miRNA172-binding region, resulting in increased Qc5 expression during the spike development stage and a consequent increase in spike density. Furthermore, this missense mutation weakened the physical interaction between Qc5 and storage protein activator (SPA) in seeds and suppressed the expression of storage protein repressor (SPR). These changes increased the grain protein content and improved the bread-making quality of wheat. In conclusion, a missense mutation increases Q expression because of the resulting highly folded mRNA secondary structure around the miRNA172-binding site. Furthermore, this mutation improves the bread-making quality of wheat by repressing the expression of SPR and influencing the physical interaction between Q and SPA. These findings provide new insights into the miRNA172-directed regulation of gene expression, with implications for wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenru Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qing Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jing Zhu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yang Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qingcheng Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kan Zhao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yue Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Rui Tang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kenan Tan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Li Kong
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jirui Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Guoyue Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Pengfei Qi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.S.); (K.T.); (L.K.); (Y.J.); (Q.J.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (Y.W.)
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11
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Nouraei S, Mia MS, Liu H, Turner NC, Yan G. Transcriptome Analyses of Near Isogenic Lines Reveal Putative Drought Tolerance Controlling Genes in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:857829. [PMID: 35422827 PMCID: PMC9005202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.857829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress, especially at the grain-filling stage, is a major constraint for wheat production. Drought tolerance is a complex trait controlled by a large array of genes and pathways. This study conducted gene expression profiling on two pairs of near-isogenic lines (NILs) for an important qDSI.4B.1 QTL conferring drought tolerance on the short arm of chromosome 4B in wheat. Analysis showed 1,614 genome-wide differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the tolerant and susceptible isolines in both NIL pairs. Six common DEGs were found between NIL1 and NIL2 at both 7 and 14 days after stress induction, with two of them having single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants. These six genes that were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) expression analysis are considered candidate genes for drought tolerance mediated by qDSI.4B.1 QTL with their main contributions to gene regulation, cell elongation, protein quality control, secondary metabolism, and hormone signaling. These six candidate genes and the highest number of DEGs and variants (SNPs/indels) were located between 49 and 137 Mbp of 4BS, making this interval the most probable location for the qDSI.4B.1 locus. Additionally, 765 and 84 DEGs were detected as responsive genes to drought stress in tolerant and susceptible isolines, respectively. According to gene ontology (GO), protein phosphorylation, oxidation reduction, and regulation of transcription were top biological processes involved in the drought response and tolerance. These results provide insights into stress responses regulated by the 4BS locus and have identified candidate genes and genetic markers that can be used for fine mapping of the qDSI.4B.1 locus and, ultimately, in wheat breeding programs for drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Nouraei
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Md Sultan Mia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Northam, WA, Australia
| | - Hui Liu
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Neil C. Turner
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Guijun Yan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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12
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Peng Y, Zhao Y, Yu Z, Zeng J, Xu D, Dong J, Ma W. Wheat Quality Formation and Its Regulatory Mechanism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:834654. [PMID: 35432421 PMCID: PMC9006054 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.834654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of the composition, functional characteristics, and formation mechanism of wheat quality is critical for the sustainable development of wheat industry. It is well documented that wheat processing quality is largely determined by its seed storage proteins including glutenins and gliadins, which confer wheat dough with unique rheological properties, making it possible to produce a series of foods for human consumption. The proportion of different gluten components has become an important target for wheat quality improvement. In many cases, the processing quality of wheat is closely associated with the nutritional value and healthy effect of the end-products. The components of wheat seed storage proteins can greatly influence wheat quality and some can even cause intestinal inflammatory diseases or allergy in humans. Genetic and environmental factors have great impacts on seed storage protein synthesis and accumulation, and fertilization and irrigation strategies also greatly affect the seed storage protein content and composition, which together determine the final end-use quality of wheat. This review summarizes the recent progress in research on the composition, function, biosynthesis, and regulatory mechanism of wheat storage proteins and their impacts on wheat end-product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Food Futures Institute and College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Zitong Yu
- Food Futures Institute and College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jianbin Zeng
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dengan Xu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wujun Ma
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Food Futures Institute and College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Wujun Ma,
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Li J, Xie L, Tian X, Liu S, Xu D, Jin H, Song J, Dong Y, Zhao D, Li G, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xia X, He Z, Cao S. TaNAC100 acts as an integrator of seed protein and starch synthesis exerting pleiotropic effects on agronomic traits in wheat. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:829-840. [PMID: 34492155 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) are major components of seed storage proteins (SSPs) and largely determine the processing properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) flour. HMW-GS are encoded by the GLU-1 loci and regulated at the transcriptional level by interaction between cis-elements and transcription factors (TFs). We recently validated the function of conserved cis-regulatory modules (CCRMs) in GLU-1 promoters, but their interacting TFs remained uncharacterized. Here we identified a CCRM-binding NAM-ATAF-CUC (NAC) protein, TaNAC100, through yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) library screening. Transactivation assays demonstrated that TaNAC100 could bind to the GLU-1 promoters and repress their transcription activity in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). Overexpression of TaNAC100 in wheat significantly reduced the contents of HMW-GS and other SSPs as well as total seed protein. This was confirmed by transcriptome analyses. Conversely, enhanced expression of TaNAC100 increased seed starch contents and expression of key starch synthesis-related genes, such as TaGBSS1 and TaSUS2. Y1H assays also indicated TaNAC100 binding with the promoters of TaGBSS1 and TaSUS2. These results suggest that TaNAC100 functions as a hub controlling seed protein and starch synthesis. Phenotypic analyses showed that TaNAC100 overexpression repressed plant height, increased heading date, and promoted seed size and thousand kernel weight. We also investigated sequence variations in a panel of cultivars, but did not identify significant association of TaNAC100 haplotypes with agronomic traits. The findings not only uncover a useful gene for wheat breeding but also provide an entry point to reveal the mechanism underlying metabolic balance of seed storage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihu Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongysse North Street, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Lina Xie
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuling Tian
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dengan Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Institute of Forage and Grassland Sciences, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 368 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dehui Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Genying Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongysse North Street, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Yulian Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongysse North Street, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianchun Xia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, c/o CAAS, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuanghe Cao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
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Ranade SS, Egertsdotter U. In silico characterization of putative gene homologues involved in somatic embryogenesis suggests that some conifer species may lack LEC2, one of the key regulators of initiation of the process. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:392. [PMID: 34039265 PMCID: PMC8157724 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the process in which somatic embryos develop from somatic tissue in vitro on medium in most cases supplemented with growth regulators. Knowledge of genes involved in regulation of initiation and of development of somatic embryos is crucial for application of SE as an efficient tool to enable genetic improvement across genotypes by clonal propagation. RESULTS Current work presents in silico identification of putative homologues of central regulators of SE initiation and development in conifers focusing mainly on key transcription factors (TFs) e.g. BBM, LEC1, LEC1-LIKE, LEC2 and FUSCA3, based on sequence similarity using BLASTP. Protein sequences of well-characterised candidates genes from Arabidopsis thaliana were used to query the databases (Gymno PLAZA, Congenie, GenBank) including whole-genome sequence data from two representative species from the genus Picea (Picea abies) and Pinus (Pinus taeda), for finding putative conifer homologues, using BLASTP. Identification of corresponding conifer proteins was further confirmed by domain search (Conserved Domain Database), alignment (MUSCLE) with respective sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana proteins and phylogenetic analysis (Phylogeny.fr). CONCLUSIONS This in silico analysis suggests absence of LEC2 in Picea abies and Pinus taeda, the conifer species whose genomes have been sequenced. Based on available sequence data to date, LEC2 was also not detected in the other conifer species included in the study. LEC2 is one of the key TFs associated with initiation and regulation of the process of SE in angiosperms. Potential alternative mechanisms that might be functional in conifers to compensate the lack of LEC2 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Sachin Ranade
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Ulrika Egertsdotter
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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15
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Gao Y, An K, Guo W, Chen Y, Zhang R, Zhang X, Chang S, Rossi V, Jin F, Cao X, Xin M, Peng H, Hu Z, Guo W, Du J, Ni Z, Sun Q, Yao Y. The endosperm-specific transcription factor TaNAC019 regulates glutenin and starch accumulation and its elite allele improves wheat grain quality. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:603-622. [PMID: 33955492 PMCID: PMC8136912 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), breeding efforts have focused intensively on improving grain yield and quality. For quality, the content and composition of seed storage proteins (SSPs) determine the elasticity of wheat dough and flour processing quality. Moreover, starch levels in seeds are associated with yield. However, little is known about the mechanisms that coordinate SSP and starch accumulation in wheat. In this study, we explored the role of the endosperm-specific NAC transcription factor TaNAC019 in coordinating SSP and starch accumulation. TaNAC019 binds to the promoters of TaGlu-1 loci, encoding high molecular weight glutenin (HMW-GS), and of starch metabolism genes. Triple knock-out mutants of all three TaNAC019 homoeologs exhibited reduced transcript levels for all SSP types and genes involved in starch metabolism, leading to lower gluten and starch contents, and in flour processing quality parameters. TaNAC019 directly activated the expression of HMW-GS genes by binding to a specific motif in their promoters and interacting with the TaGlu-1 regulator TaGAMyb. TaNAC019 also indirectly regulated the expression of TaSPA, an ortholog of maize Opaque2 that activates SSP accumulation. Therefore, TaNAC019 regulation of starch- and SSP-related genes has key roles in wheat grain quality. Finally, we identified an elite allele (TaNAC019-BI) associated with flour processing quality, providing a candidate gene for breeding wheat with improved quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kexin An
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Siyuan Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Vincenzo Rossi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, I-24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Fangming Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyou Cao
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinkun Du
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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16
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Shen L, Luo G, Song Y, Xu J, Ji J, Zhang C, Gregová E, Yang W, Li X, Sun J, Zhan K, Cui D, Liu D, Zhang A. A novel NAC family transcription factor SPR suppresses seed storage protein synthesis in wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:992-1007. [PMID: 33305445 PMCID: PMC8131056 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of seed storage protein (SSP) is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level. However, few transcriptional regulators of SSP synthesis have been characterized in common wheat (Triticum aestivum) owing to the complex genome. As the A genome donor of common wheat, Triticum urartu could be an elite model in wheat research considering its simple genome. Here, a novel NAC family transcription factor TuSPR from T. urartu was found preferentially expressed in developing endosperm during grain-filling stages. In common wheat transgenically overexpressing TuSPR, the content of total SSPs was reduced by c. 15.97% attributed to the transcription declines of SSP genes. Both in vitro and in vivo assays showed that TuSPR bound to the cis-element 5'-CANNTG-3' distributed in SSP gene promoters and suppressed the transcription. The homolog in common wheat TaSPR shared a conserved function with TuSPR on SSP synthesis suppression. The knock-down of TaSPR in common wheat resulted in 7.07%-20.34% increases in the total SSPs. Both TuSPR and TaSPR could be superior targets in genetic engineering to manipulate SSP content in wheat, and this work undoubtedly expands our knowledge of SSP gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringNational Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guangbin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringNational Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Agronomy DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Yanhong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringNational Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Agronomy CollegeNational Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop ScienceCollaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crops in HenanHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | | | | | - Chi Zhang
- BGI GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Edita Gregová
- National Agricultural and Food CentreResearch Institute of Plant ProductionPiešťanySlovakia
| | - Wenlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringNational Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringNational Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiazhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringNational Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kehui Zhan
- Agronomy CollegeNational Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop ScienceCollaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crops in HenanHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Dangqun Cui
- Agronomy CollegeNational Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop ScienceCollaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crops in HenanHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringNational Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Advanced Biotechnology and Application Research CenterSchool of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringNational Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Yang T, Guo L, Ji C, Wang H, Wang J, Zheng X, Xiao Q, Wu Y. The B3 domain-containing transcription factor ZmABI19 coordinates expression of key factors required for maize seed development and grain filling. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:104-128. [PMID: 33751093 PMCID: PMC8136913 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Grain filling in maize (Zea mays) is regulated by a group of spatiotemporally synchronized transcription factors (TFs), but the factors that coordinate their expression remain unknown. We used the promoter of the grain filling-specific TF gene Opaque2 (O2) to screen upstream regulatory factors and identified a B3 domain TF, ZmABI19, that directly binds to the O2 promoter for transactivation. zmabi19 mutants displayed developmental defects in the endosperm and embryo, and mature kernels were opaque and reduced in size. The accumulation of zeins, starch and lipids dramatically decreased in zmabi19 mutants. RNA sequencing revealed an alteration of the nutrient reservoir activity and starch and sucrose metabolism in zmabi19 endosperms, and plant phytohormone signal transduction and lipid metabolism in zmabi19 embryos. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing coupled with differential expression analysis identified 106 high-confidence direct ZmABI19 targets. ZmABI19 directly regulates multiple key grain filling TFs including O2, Prolamine-box binding factor 1, ZmbZIP22, NAC130, and Opaque11 in the endosperm and Viviparous1 in the embryo. A number of phytohormone-related genes were also bound and regulated by ZmABI19. Our results demonstrate that ZmABI19 functions as a grain filling initiation regulator. ZmABI19 roles in coupling early endosperm and embryo development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liangxing Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haihai Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiechen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xixi Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiao Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongrui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Author for communication:
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18
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Gupta A, Hua L, Lin G, Molnár I, Doležel J, Liu S, Li W. Multiple origins of Indian dwarf wheat by mutations targeting the TREE domain of a GSK3-like kinase for drought tolerance, phosphate uptake, and grain quality. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:633-645. [PMID: 33164159 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Multiple origins of Indian dwarf wheat were due to two mutations targeting the same TREE domain of a GSK3-like kinase, and these mutations confer to enhanced drought tolerance and increased phosphate and nitrogen accumulation for adaptation to the dry climate of Indian and Pakistan. Indian dwarf wheat, featured by the short stature, erect leaves, dense spikes, and small, spherical grains, was a staple crop in India and Pakistan from the Bronze Age until the early 1900s. These morphological features are controlled by a single locus Sphaerococcum 1 (S1), but the genetic identity of the locus and molecular mechanisms underlying the selection of this wheat type are unknown. In this study, we showed that the origin of Indian dwarf wheat was due to two independent missense mutations targeting the conserved TREE domain of a GSK3-like kinase, which is homologous to the Arabidopsis BIN2 protein, a negative regulator in brassinosteroid signaling. The S1 protein is involved in brassinosteroid signaling by physical interaction with the wheat BES1/BZR1 proteins. The dwarf alleles are insensitive to brassinosteroid, upregulates brassinosteroid biosynthetic genes, significantly enhanced drought tolerance, facilitated phosphate accumulation, and increased high molecular weight glutenins. It is the enhanced drought tolerance and accumulation of nitrogen and phosphate that contributed to the adaptation of such a small-grain form of wheat to the dry climate of India and Pakistan. Thus, our research not only identified the genetic events underlying the origin of the Indian dwarf wheat, but also revealed the function of brassinosteroid in the regulation of drought tolerance, phosphate homeostasis, and grain quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Gupta
- 252 McFadden Biostress Laboratory, Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Lei Hua
- 252 McFadden Biostress Laboratory, Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Guifang Lin
- Plant Pathology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Istváan Molnár
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sanzhen Liu
- Plant Pathology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Wanlong Li
- 252 McFadden Biostress Laboratory, Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
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19
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Zhao L, Li L, Song L, Liu Z, Li X, Li X. HMW-GS at Glu-B1 Locus Affects Gluten Quality Possibly Regulated by the Expression of Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes and Glutenin-Related Genes in Wheat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5426-5436. [PMID: 32314918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) on gluten quality and glutenin synthesis based on the cytological, physicochemical, and transcriptional levels using Xinong1718 and its three near-isogenic lines (NILs). Cytological observations showed that the endosperm of Glu-1Bh with Bx14+By15 accumulated more abundant and larger protein bodies at 10 and 16 days after anthesis than the other NILs. Glu-1Bh exhibited higher nitrogen metabolism enzyme gene expression and activity levels. The transcriptional levels of genes encoding HMW-GSs, protein folding, and transcription factors differed significantly among the NILs, and they were highest in Glu-1Bh. Our results demonstrate that variations in the expression patterns of nitrogen metabolism and glutenin synthesis-related genes may account for the differences in the accumulation of glutenin, glutenin macropolymers, and protein bodies, thereby affecting the structural and thermal stability of gluten. These findings provide novel insights into how different HMW-GSs might improve the quality of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Liqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Lijun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
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20
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Guo D, Hou Q, Zhang R, Lou H, Li Y, Zhang Y, You M, Xie C, Liang R, Li B. Over-Expressing TaSPA-B Reduces Prolamin and Starch Accumulation in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Grains. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3257. [PMID: 32380646 PMCID: PMC7247331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch and prolamin composition and content are important indexes for determining the processing and nutritional quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains. Several transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression during starch and protein biosynthesis in wheat. Storage protein activator (TaSPA), a member of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family, has been reported to activate glutenin genes and is correlated to starch synthesis related genes. In this study, we generated TaSPA-B overexpressing (OE) transgenic wheat lines. Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, the starch content was slightly reduced and starch granules exhibited a more polarized distribution in the TaSPA-B OE lines. Moreover, glutenin and ω- gliadin contents were significantly reduced, with lower expression levels of related genes (e.g., By15, Dx2, and ω-1,2 gliadin gene). RNA-seq analysis identified 2023 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The low expression of some DEGs (e.g., SUSase, ADPase, Pho1, Waxy, SBE, SSI, and SS II a) might explain the reduction of starch contents. Some TFs involved in glutenin and starch synthesis might be regulated by TaSPA-B, for example, TaPBF was reduced in TaSPA-B OE-3 lines. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that both TaSPA-B and TaPBF could transactivate the promoter of ω-1,2 gliadin gene. These results suggest that TaSPA-B regulates a complex gene network and plays an important role in starch and protein biosynthesis in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.G.); (Q.H.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (C.X.); (R.L.)
| | - Qiling Hou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.G.); (Q.H.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (C.X.); (R.L.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Runqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.G.); (Q.H.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (C.X.); (R.L.)
| | - Hongyao Lou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.G.); (Q.H.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (C.X.); (R.L.)
| | - Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.G.); (Q.H.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (C.X.); (R.L.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.G.); (Q.H.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (C.X.); (R.L.)
| | - Mingshan You
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.G.); (Q.H.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (C.X.); (R.L.)
| | - Chaojie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.G.); (Q.H.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (C.X.); (R.L.)
| | - Rongqi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.G.); (Q.H.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (C.X.); (R.L.)
| | - Baoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.G.); (Q.H.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (C.X.); (R.L.)
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21
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Wang D, Li F, Cao S, Zhang K. Genomic and functional genomics analyses of gluten proteins and prospect for simultaneous improvement of end-use and health-related traits in wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:1521-1539. [PMID: 32020238 PMCID: PMC7214497 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Recent genomic and functional genomics analyses have substantially improved the understanding on gluten proteins, which are important determinants of wheat grain quality traits. The new insights obtained and the availability of precise, versatile and high-throughput genome editing technologies will accelerate simultaneous improvement of wheat end-use and health-related traits. Being a major staple food crop in the world, wheat provides an indispensable source of dietary energy and nutrients to the human population. As worldwide population grows and living standards rise in both developed and developing countries, the demand for wheat with high quality attributes increases globally. However, efficient breeding of high-quality wheat depends on critically the knowledge on gluten proteins, which mainly include several families of prolamin proteins specifically accumulated in the endospermic tissues of grains. Although gluten proteins have been studied for many decades, efficient manipulation of these proteins for simultaneous enhancement of end-use and health-related traits has been difficult because of high complexities in their expression, function and genetic variation. However, recent genomic and functional genomics analyses have substantially improved the understanding on gluten proteins. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to summarize the genomic and functional genomics information obtained in the last 10 years on gluten protein chromosome loci and genes and the cis- and trans-factors regulating their expression in the grains, as well as the efforts in elucidating the involvement of gluten proteins in several wheat sensitivities affecting genetically susceptible human individuals. The new insights gathered, plus the availability of precise, versatile and high-throughput genome editing technologies, promise to speed up the concurrent improvement of wheat end-use and health-related traits and the development of high-quality cultivars for different consumption needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daowen Wang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzi Lake College Park, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, 1 West Beichen Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, 1 West Beichen Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuanghe Cao
- Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kunpu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, 1 West Beichen Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
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22
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Song L, Li L, Zhao L, Liu Z, Xie T, Li X. Absence of Dx2 at Glu-D1 Locus Weakens Gluten Quality Potentially Regulated by Expression of Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes and Glutenin-Related Genes in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041383. [PMID: 32085665 PMCID: PMC7073084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Absence of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) Dx2 weakens the gluten quality, but it is unclear how the absence of Dx2 has these effects. Thus, we investigated the gluten quality in terms of cytological, physicochemical, and transcriptional characteristics using two near-isogenic lines with Dx2 absent or present at Glu-D1 locus. Cytological observations showed that absence of Dx2 delayed and decreased the accumulation of protein bodies (PBs), where fewer and smaller PBs formed in the endosperm. The activity and gene expression levels of nitrogen assimilation and proteolysis enzymes were lower in HMW-D1a without Dx2 than HMW-D1p with Dx2, and thus less amino acid was transported for protein synthesis in the grains. The expression pattern of genes encoding Glu-1Dx2+1Dy12 was similar to those of three transcription factors, where these genes were significantly down-regulated in HMW-D1a than HMW-D1p. Three genes involving with glutenin polymerization were also down-regulated in HMW-D1a. These results may explain the changes in the glutenin and glutenin macropolymer (GMP) levels during grain development. Therefore, we suggest that the lower nitrogen metabolism capacity and expression levels of glutenin synthesis-related genes in HMW-D1a accounted for the lower accumulation of glutenin, GMP, and PBs, thereby weakening the structural‒thermal properties of gluten.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xuejun Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-29-8708-2022
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23
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Li X, Li Y, Yu X, Sun F, Yang G, He G. Genomics-Enabled Analysis of Puroindoline b2 Genes Identifies New Alleles in Wheat and Related Triticeae Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1304. [PMID: 32075191 PMCID: PMC7072932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Kernel hardness is a key trait of wheat seeds, largely controlled by two tightly linked genes Puroindoline a and b (Pina and Pinb). Genes homologous to Pinb, namely Pinb2, have been studied. Whether these genes contribute to kernel hardness and other important seed traits remains inconclusive. Using the high-quality bread wheat reference genome, we show that PINB2 are encoded by three homoeologous loci Pinb2 not syntenic to the Hardness locus, with Pinb2-7A locus containing three tandem copies. PINB2 proteins have several features conserved for the Pin/Pinb2 phylogenetic cluster but lack a structural basis of significant impact on kernel hardness. Pinb2 are seed-specifically expressed with varied expression levels between the homoeologous copies and among wheat varieties. Using the high-quality genome information, we developed new Pinb2 allele specific markers and demonstrated their usefulness by 1) identifying new Pinb2 alleles in Triticeae species; and 2) performing an association analysis of Pinb2 with kernel hardness. The association result suggests that Pinb2 genes may have no substantial contribution to kernel hardness. Our results provide new insights into Pinb2 evolution and expression and the new allele-specific markers are useful to further explore Pinb2's contribution to seed traits in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Yin Li
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 190 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Xiaofen Yu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Fusheng Sun
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.Y.); (F.S.)
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24
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Duan L, Han S, Wang K, Jiang P, Gu Y, Chen L, Mu J, Ye X, Li Y, Yan Y, Li X. Analyzing the action of evolutionarily conserved modules on HMW-GS 1Ax1 promoter activity. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:225-237. [PMID: 31820284 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The specific and high-level expression of 1Ax1 is determined by different promoter regions. HMW-GS synthesis occurs in aleurone layer cells. Heterologous proteins can be stored in protein bodies. High-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) is highly expressed in the endosperm of wheat and relative species, where their expression level and allelic variation affect the bread-making quality and nutrient quality of flour. However, the mechanism regulating HMW-GS expression remains elusive. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of cis-acting elements in the 2659-bp promoter region of the HMW-GS gene 1Ax1, which can be divided into five element-enriched regions. Fragments derived from progressive 5' deletions were used to drive GUS gene expression in transgenic wheat, which was confirmed in aleurone layer cells, inner starchy endosperm cells, starchy endosperm transfer cells, and aleurone transfer cells by histochemical staining. The promoter region ranging from - 297 to - 1 was responsible for tissue-specific expression, while fragments from - 1724 to - 618 and from - 618 to - 297 were responsible for high-level expression. Under the control of the 1Ax1 promoter, heterologous protein could be stored in the form of protein bodies in inner starchy endosperm cells, even without a special location signal. Our findings not only deepen our understanding of glutenin expression regulation, trafficking, and accumulation but also provide a strategy for the utilization of wheat endosperm as a bioreactor for the production of nutrients and metabolic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luning Duan
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shichen Han
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Peihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yunsong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Junyi Mu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xingguo Ye
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yaxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yueming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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25
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Boudet J, Merlino M, Plessis A, Gaudin JC, Dardevet M, Perrochon S, Alvarez D, Risacher T, Martre P, Ravel C. The bZIP transcription factor SPA Heterodimerizing Protein represses glutenin synthesis in Triticum aestivum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:858-871. [PMID: 30444293 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The quality of wheat grain is mainly determined by the quantity and composition of its grain storage proteins (GSPs). Grain storage proteins consist of low- and high-molecular-weight glutenins (LMW-GS and HMW-GS, respectively) and gliadins. The synthesis of these proteins is essentially regulated at the transcriptional level and by the availability of nitrogen and sulfur. The regulation network has been extensively studied in barley where BLZ1 and BLZ2, members of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family, activate the synthesis of hordeins. To date, in wheat, only the ortholog of BLZ2, Storage Protein Activator (SPA), has been identified as playing a major role in the regulation of GSP synthesis. Here, the ortholog of BLZ1, named SPA Heterodimerizing Protein (SHP), was identified and its involvement in the transcriptional regulation of the genes coding for GSPs was analyzed. In gel mobility shift assays, SHP binds cis-motifs known to bind to bZIP family transcription factors in HMW-GS and LMW-GS promoters. Moreover, we showed by transient expression assays in wheat endosperm that SHP acts as a repressor of the activity of these gene promoters. This result was confirmed in transgenic lines overexpressing SHP, which were grown with low and high nitrogen supply. The phenotype of SHP-overexpressing lines showed a lower quantity of both LMW-GS and HMW-GS, while the quantity of gliadin was unchanged, whatever the nitrogen availability. Thus, the gliadin/glutenin ratio was increased, which suggests that gliadin and glutenin genes may be differently regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boudet
- UMR GDEC, INRA, Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marielle Merlino
- UMR GDEC, INRA, Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne Plessis
- UMR GDEC, INRA, Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Mireille Dardevet
- UMR GDEC, INRA, Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sibille Perrochon
- UMR GDEC, INRA, Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Alvarez
- UMR GDEC, INRA, Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thierry Risacher
- Biogemma, Centre de Recherche de Chappes, 63720, Chappes, France
| | - Pierre Martre
- UMR GDEC, INRA, Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Ravel
- UMR GDEC, INRA, Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Li J, Wang K, Li G, Li Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Ye X, Xia X, He Z, Cao S. Dissecting conserved cis-regulatory modules of Glu-1 promoters which confer the highly active endosperm-specific expression via stable wheat transformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Lepiniec L, Devic M, Roscoe TJ, Bouyer D, Zhou DX, Boulard C, Baud S, Dubreucq B. Molecular and epigenetic regulations and functions of the LAFL transcriptional regulators that control seed development. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2018; 31:291-307. [PMID: 29797091 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The LAFL (i.e. LEC1, ABI3, FUS3, and LEC2) master transcriptional regulators interact to form different complexes that induce embryo development and maturation, and inhibit seed germination and vegetative growth in Arabidopsis. Orthologous genes involved in similar regulatory processes have been described in various angiosperms including important crop species. Consistent with a prominent role of the LAFL regulators in triggering and maintaining embryonic cell fate, their expression appears finely tuned in different tissues during seed development and tightly repressed in vegetative tissues by a surprisingly high number of genetic and epigenetic factors. Partial functional redundancies and intricate feedback regulations of the LAFL have hampered the elucidation of the underpinning molecular mechanisms. Nevertheless, genetic, genomic, cellular, molecular, and biochemical analyses implemented during the last years have greatly improved our knowledge of the LALF network. Here we summarize and discuss recent progress, together with current issues required to gain a comprehensive insight into the network, including the emerging function of LEC1 and possibly LEC2 as pioneer transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lepiniec
- IJPB (Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles, France.
| | - M Devic
- Régulations Epigénétiques et Développement de la Graine, ERL 5300 CNRS-IRD UMR DIADE, IRD centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06) & Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR 7621, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - T J Roscoe
- Régulations Epigénétiques et Développement de la Graine, ERL 5300 CNRS-IRD UMR DIADE, IRD centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06) & Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR 7621, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - D Bouyer
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, CNRS UMR8197, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75230, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - D-X Zhou
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris Sud 11, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - C Boulard
- IJPB (Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - S Baud
- IJPB (Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - B Dubreucq
- IJPB (Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles, France
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Kawaura K, Miura M, Kamei Y, Ikeda TM, Ogihara Y. Molecular characterization of gliadins of Chinese Spring wheat in relation to celiac disease elicitors. Genes Genet Syst 2018; 93:9-20. [PMID: 29343665 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.17-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The wheat seed storage proteins gliadin and glutenin are encoded by multigenes. Gliadins are further classified into α-, γ-, δ- and ω-gliadins. Genes encoding α-gliadins belong to a large multigene family, whose members are located on the homoeologous group 6 chromosomes at the Gli-2 loci. Genes encoding other gliadins are located on the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes at the Gli-1 loci. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to characterize and profile the gliadins. The gliadins in aneuploid Chinese Spring wheat lines were then compared in this study. Gliadin proteins separated into 70 spots after 2-DE and a total of 10, 10 and 16 spots were encoded on chromosomes 6A, 6B and 6D, respectively, which suggested that they were α-gliadins. Similarly, six, three and seven spots were encoded on chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D, respectively, which indicated that they were γ-gliadins. Spots that could not be assigned to chromosomes were N-terminally sequenced and were all determined to be α-gliadins or γ-gliadins. The 2-DE profiles showed that specific α-gliadin spots assigned to chromosome 6D were lost in tetrasomic chromosome 2A lines. Furthermore, western blotting against the Glia-α9 peptide, an epitope for celiac disease (CD), suggested that α-gliadins harboring the CD epitope on chromosome 6D were absent in the tetrasomic chromosome 2A lines. Systematic analysis of α-gliadins using 2-DE, quantitative RT-PCR and genomic PCR revealed that tetrasomic 2A lines carry deletion of a chromosome segment at the Gli-D2 locus. This structural alteration at the Gli-D2 locus may provide a genetic resource in breeding programs for the reduction of CD immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Kawaura
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University
| | - Mayuko Miura
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University
| | - Yoko Kamei
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University
| | - Tatsuya M Ikeda
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Yasunari Ogihara
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University
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