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Shabir R, Li Y, Megharaj M, Chen C. Biopolymer as an additive for effective biochar-based rhizobial inoculant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169263. [PMID: 38092216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is an efficient and inexpensive carrier for bacteria that stimulate plant development and growth. In this study, different biopolymer additives (cellulose, xanthan gum, chitin and tryptone) were tested with different addition ratios (1:0.1, 1:0.5 and 1:1) on further enhancing biochar capacity for supporting the growth and activity of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (CB1809). We utilized pine wood biochar (PWBC) pyrolyzed at 400 °C as the base inoculum carrier. The shelf life and survival rate of CB1809 were counted using the colony-forming unit (CFU) method for up to 120 days. Peat served as a standard reference material against which all treatments were compared. Subsequent experiments evaluated the ability of carrier inoculants to promote Glycine max L. (soybean) plant growth and nodulation under different watering regimes, i.e., 55 % water holding capacity (WHC) (D0), 30 % WHC (D1) and, 15 % WHC (D2) using sandy loam soil. Results revealed that among different additives; xanthan gum with 1:0.5 to PWBC [PWBC-xanthan gum(1:0.5)] was observed as a superior formulation in supporting rhizobial shelf life and survival rate of CB1809. In pot experiments, plants with PWBC-xanthan gum(1:0.5) formulation showed significant increase in various physiological characteristics (nitrogenase activity, chlorophyll pigments, membrane stability index, and relative water content), root architecture (root surface area, root average diameter, root volume, root tips, root forks and root crossings), and plant growth attributes (shoot/root dry biomass, shoot/root length, and number of nodules). Additionally, a reduced enrichment of isotopic signatures (δ13C, δ15N) was observed in plants treated with PWBC-xanthan gum(1:0.5), less enrichment of δ15N indicates an inverse link to nodulation and nitrogenase activity, while lower δ13C values indicates effective water use efficiency by plants during drought stress. These results suggest that biopolymers supplementation of the PWBC is useful in promoting shelf life or survival rate of CB1809.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Shabir
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Campus, 4111, Queensland, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Yantao Li
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Campus, 4111, Queensland, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Chengrong Chen
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Campus, 4111, Queensland, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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Zhan X, Yang Q, Wang S, Wang Y, Fan X, Bian Z. The Responses of Sucrose Metabolism and Carbon Translocation in Tomato Seedlings under Different Light Spectra. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15054. [PMID: 37894735 PMCID: PMC10606089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Light plays a dominant role in the biosynthesis and accumulation of photosynthetic products. However, the metabolism and translocation of photosynthetic products in plants under different light spectra remain elusive. In this study, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings were treated with different light spectra delivered by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with the same photosynthetic photon flux density at 300 μmol m-2 s-1, including monochromatic red (660 nm, R), blue (450 nm, B), sun-like white (W, 380-780 nm), or a combination of R and B lights (R:B = 1:1, RB). Compared with W, the biomass distribution ratio for leaves under R, B, and RB decreased by 5.01-9.53%, while the ratio for stems and roots increased by 3.71-6.92% and 0.14-2.81%, respectively. The photosynthetic carbon distribution expressed as 13C enrichment was higher in stems and roots under RB and R, while B led to more 13C transported from leaves and enriched in stems when compared with W. Meanwhile, RB led to significant increases in the activities of phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS), vacuolar acid invertase (VI), and neutral invertase (NI). The R was more efficient in increasing the activity of SPS and SS, while B was more effective in promoting the activity of VI and NI. The transcript levels of SPS, SS3, NI6, and VI were upregulated under R, B, and RB. However, the transcript patterns of SPS, SS3, NI6, and VI were not consistent with the changes in their encoded enzymes, especially the transcript patterns of SPS and SS3. Our study suggests that the red- and blue-light-induced long-distance and short-distance transport of photosynthetic products in plants, respectively, might result from different regulation of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes from transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhan
- Photobiology Research Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China (Q.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qichang Yang
- Photobiology Research Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China (Q.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Sen Wang
- Photobiology Research Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China (Q.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Photobiology Research Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China (Q.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xiaoxue Fan
- Institute of Agricultural Information, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Technology (Changjiang Delta), Institute of Agricultural Information, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhonghua Bian
- Photobiology Research Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China (Q.Y.); (Y.W.)
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Collado-González J, Carmen Piñero M, Otalora G, Lopez-Marín J, Del Amor FM. Plant growth-promoting bacteria as affected by N availability as a suitable strategy to enhance the nutritional composition of lamb's lettuce affected by global warming. Food Chem 2023; 426:136559. [PMID: 37348394 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Heat and nutritional stresses have a significantly effect on the accumulation of bioactive and other compounds harmful to human health, like nitrates, in green leafy vegetables like lamb's lettuce. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have shown to confer beneficial biochemical changes to various crops under different stresses. The hypothesis proposed here is that the combination of optimal N level (2.5 Mm, 12 mM or 20 mM of N) with the inoculation of PGPB in plants exposed to heat shock (43 °C) may be a good strategy to obtain healthier lamb's lettuce with a higher yield. Results showed that a dose of 20 mM N can be considered as overfertilization. Moreover, the inoculation of plants fed with fertilizers with reduced N and under heat stress, resulted in higher productivity and content of sugars (60 %), amino acids (94 %), nitrogen (21 %), and total phenolic compounds (30 %), and a reduced content of nitrates (27 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Collado-González
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Carmen Piñero
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ginés Otalora
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa Lopez-Marín
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco M Del Amor
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain.
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4
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Férriz M, Martin-Benito D, Fernández-de-Simón MB, Conde M, García-Cervigón AI, Aranda I, Gea-Izquierdo G. Functional phenotypic plasticity mediated by water stress and [CO2] explains differences in drought tolerance of two phylogenetically close conifers. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:909-924. [PMID: 36809504 PMCID: PMC10255776 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forests are threatened globally by increased recurrence and intensity of hot droughts. Functionally close coexisting species may exhibit differences in drought vulnerability large enough to cause niche differentiation and affect forest dynamics. The effect of rising atmospheric [CO2], which could partly alleviate the negative effects of drought, may also differ between species. We analysed functional plasticity in seedlings of two taxonomically close pine species (Pinus pinaster Ait., Pinus pinea L.) under different [CO2] and water stress levels. The multidimensional functional trait variability was more influenced by water stress (preferentially xylem traits) and [CO2] (mostly leaf traits) than by differences between species. However, we observed differences between species in the strategies followed to coordinate their hydraulic and structural traits under stress. Leaf 13C discrimination decreased with water stress and increased under elevated [CO2]. Under water stress both species increased their sapwood area to leaf area ratios, tracheid density and xylem cavitation, whereas they reduced tracheid lumen area and xylem conductivity. Pinus pinea was more anisohydric than P. pinaster. Pinus pinaster produced larger conduits under well-watered conditions than P. pinea. Pinus pinea was more tolerant to water stress and more resistant to xylem cavitation under low water potentials. The higher xylem plasticity in P. pinea, particularly in tracheid lumen area, expressed a higher capacity of acclimation to water stress than P. pinaster. In contrast, P. pinaster coped with water stress comparatively more by increasing plasticity of leaf hydraulic traits. Despite the small differences observed in the functional response to water stress and drought tolerance between species, these interspecific differences agreed with ongoing substitution of P. pinaster by P. pinea in forests where both species co-occur. Increased [CO2] had little effect on the species-specific relative performance. Thus, a competitive advantage under moderate water stress of P. pinea compared with P. pinaster is expected to continue in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Férriz
- ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC. Ctra La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Martin-Benito
- ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC. Ctra La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M Conde
- ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC. Ctra La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A I García-Cervigón
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry Rey Juan Carlos University, c/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - I Aranda
- ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC. Ctra La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G Gea-Izquierdo
- ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC. Ctra La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Collado-González J, Piñero MC, Otalora G, López-Marín J, del Amor FM. Assessing optimal nitrate/ ammonium- ratios in baby-leaf lettuce to enhance the heat stress tolerance under elevated CO2 conditions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278309. [PMID: 36449498 PMCID: PMC9710774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the interest on baby-leaf lettuce has grown steadily, because it is richer in bioactive compounds than other traditional vegetables. However, the quality of lettuce is being increasingly affected by climate change. It is very rare for a climatic effect to occur in isolation. Even then, a large body of work has only focused on the effect of isolated heat stress, fertilization, and elevated CO2, on morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters. Thus, very few works have focused on how the combination of several of these factors can affect these parameters. For first time, the present work studied the combined effect derived from the application of two different levels of CO2 (400 and 1000 ppm of CO2), four different NO3-/ NH4+ ratios (100/0 (T-I), 100/0 before the short-term heat stress and finally without NO3- (T-II), 80/20 (T-III) and 50/50 (T-IV)), and a short-term heat stress (25 and 43°C), on some physiological and quality parameters (dry biomass, photosynthetic parameters, pigments content, lipid peroxidation and total soluble proteins content) of baby-leaf lettuce cv Derbi. Additionally, a comparison of that combined effect of all these parameters between inner and outer leaves was also performed. The results obtained indicated that the interaction between the nutrient solution containing a 50/50 NO3-/ NH4+ ratio and a high concentration of CO2 (1000 ppm) improved the biomass, photosynthesis, intercellular/external CO2 concentration ratio (ci/ca), stomatal conductance (gs), evapotranspiration (E) and lipid peroxidation, and protein content in this baby-leaf lettuce. The results obtained in this work lead us to conclude that this existing interaction between the NO3-/ NH4+ ratio and the elevated CO2 concentration may be considered as a new strategy for making baby-leaf lettuce more resistant to heat stress, in other words, stronger against the ever more frequent heat waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Collado-González
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), Murcia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Piñero
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), Murcia, Spain
| | - Ginés Otalora
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa López-Marín
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco M. del Amor
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), Murcia, Spain
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Javaid MM, Wang X, Florentine SK, Ashraf M, Mahmood A, Li FM, Fiaz S. Effects on Photosynthetic Response and Biomass Productivity of Acacia longifolia ssp. longifolia Under Elevated CO 2 and Water-Limited Regimes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:817730. [PMID: 35432396 PMCID: PMC9009074 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.817730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is known that the impact of elevated CO2 (eCO2) will cause differential photosynthetic responses in plants, resulting in varying magnitudes of growth and productivity of competing species. Because of the aggressive invasive nature of Acacia longifolia ssp. longifolia, this study is designed to investigate the effect of eCO2 on gas exchange parameters, water use efficiency, photosystem II (PSII) activities, and growth of this species. Plants of A. longifolia ssp. longifolia were grown at 400 ppm (ambient) and 700 ppm (elevated) CO2 under 100 and 60% field capacity. Leaf gas exchange parameters, water use efficiency, intrinsic water use efficiency, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, and PSII activity were measured for 10 days at 2-day intervals. eCO2 mitigated the adverse effects of drought conditions on the aforementioned parameters compared to that grown under ambient CO2 (aCO2) conditions. A. longifolia, grown under drought conditions and re-watered at day 8, indicated a partial recovery in most of the parameters measured, suggesting that the recovery of this species under eCO2 will be higher than that with aCO2 concentration. This gave an increase in water use efficiency, which is one of the reasons for the observed enhanced growth of A. longifolia under drought stress. Thus, eCO2 will allow to adopt this species in the new environment, even under severe climatic conditions, and foreshadow its likelihood of invasion into new areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Singarayer K Florentine
- Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, VIC, Australia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Feng-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Arid Agroecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
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7
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de Souza Mateus N, Oliveira Ferreira EV, Florentino AL, Vicente Ferraz A, Domec JC, Jordan-Meille L, Bendassolli JA, Moraes Gonçalves JL, Lavres J. Potassium supply modulates Eucalyptus leaf water-status under PEG-induced osmotic stress: integrating leaf gas exchange, carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition and plant growth. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:59-70. [PMID: 34302172 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of potassium (K) supply on osmotic adjustment and drought avoidance mechanisms of Eucalyptus seedlings growing under short-term water stress. The effects of K supply on plant growth, nutritional status, leaf gas exchange parameters, leaf water potential (Ψw), leaf area (LA), stomatal density (SD), leaf carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ15N ‰) and leaf C/N ratio under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water deficit were measured. Under both control (non-PEG) and osmotic stress (+PEG) conditions, K supply increased plant growth, boosting dry matter yield with decreased C/N leaf ratio and δ15N ‰ values. The +PEG significantly reduced LA, plant growth, dry matter yield, Ψw, number of stomata per plant and leaf gas exchange, relative to non-PEG condition. Potassium supply alleviated osmotic-induced alterations in Eucalyptus seedlings by better regulating leaf development as well as SD, thus improving the rate of leaf gas exchange parameters, mesophyll conductance to CO2 (lower δ13C ‰ values) and water use efficiency (WUE). Consequently, K-supplied plants under drought better acclimated to osmotic stress than K-deficient plants, which in turn induced lower CO2 assimilation and dry matter yield, as well as higher leaf δ13C ‰ and δ15N ‰ values. In conclusion, management practices should seek to optimize K-nutrition to improve WUE, photosynthesis-related parameters and plant growth under water deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas de Souza Mateus
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13400-970, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - José Lavres
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13400-970, Brazil
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Mateus NS, Florentino AL, Oliveira JB, Santos EF, Gaziola SA, Rossi ML, Linhares FS, Bendassolli JA, Azevedo RA, Lavres J. Leaf 13C and 15N composition shedding light on easing drought stress through partial K substitution by Na in eucalyptus species. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20158. [PMID: 34635753 PMCID: PMC8505639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the partial K-replacement by Na supply to alleviate drought-induced stress in Eucalyptus species. Plant growth, leaf gas exchange parameters, water relations, oxidative stress (H2O2 and MDA content), chlorophyll concentration, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopic leaf composition (δ13C and δ15N) were analyzed. Drought tolerant E. urophylla and E. camaldulensis showed positive responses to the partial K substitution by Na, with similar dry mass yields, stomatal density and total stomatal pore area relative to the well K-supplied plants under both water conditions, suggesting that 50% of the K requirements is pressing for physiological functions that is poorly substituted by Na. Furthermore, E. urophylla and E. camaldulensis up-regulated leaf gas exchanges, leading to enhanced long-term water use efficiency (WUEL). Moreover, the partial K substitution by Na had no effects on plants H2O2, MDA, δ13C and δ15N, confirming that Na, to a certain extent, can effectively replace K in plants metabolism. Otherwise, the drought-sensitive E. saligna species was negatively affected by partial K replacement by Na, decreasing plants dry mass, even with up-regulated leaf gas exchange parameters. The exclusive Na-supplied plants showed K-deficient symptoms and lower growth, WUEL, and δ13C, besides higher Na accumulation, δ15N, H2O2 and MDA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Souza Mateus
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenario, 303. CP 96, Piracicaba, CEP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Jessica Bezerra Oliveira
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenario, 303. CP 96, Piracicaba, CEP, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Elcio Ferreira Santos
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenario, 303. CP 96, Piracicaba, CEP, 13416-000, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Lanzoni Rossi
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenario, 303. CP 96, Piracicaba, CEP, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Francisco Scaglia Linhares
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenario, 303. CP 96, Piracicaba, CEP, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - José Albertino Bendassolli
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenario, 303. CP 96, Piracicaba, CEP, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - José Lavres
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenario, 303. CP 96, Piracicaba, CEP, 13416-000, Brazil.
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Kaya C. Nitrate reductase is required for salicylic acid-induced water stress tolerance of pepper by upraising the AsA-GSH pathway and glyoxalase system. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:351-370. [PMID: 32542778 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A trial was conducted to evaluate whether nitrate reductase (NR) participates in salicylic acid (SA)-improved water stress (WS) tolerance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants. Before starting WS treatment, 0.5 mM SA was applied to half of the well-watered (WW) plants as well as to WS-plants as a foliar spray once a day for a week. The soil water holding capacity was maintained at 40 and 80% of the full water storing capacity for WS and and well-watered (WW) plants, respectively. Water stress caused substantial decreases in total plant dry weight, Fv /Fm , chlorophyll a and b, relative water content, leaf water potential (ΨI) by 53, 37, 49, 21, 36 and 33%, respectively relative to control, but significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), electrolyte leakage (EL), methylglyoxal (MG), proline, key antioxidant enzymes' activities, NO and NR activity. The SA reduced oxidative stress, but improved antioxidant defence system, ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle enzymes, glyoxalase system-related enzymes, glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II), plant growth, photosynthetic traits, NO, NR and proline. SA-induced WS tolerance was further improved by supplementation of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of NO. NR inhibitor, sodium tungstate (ST) was applied in conjunction with SA and SA + SNP to the WW and WS-plants to assess whether NR contributes to SA-improved WS tolerance. ST abolished the beneficial effects of SA by reducing NO and NR activity in WS-pepper, but the application of SNP along with SA + ST reversed negative effects of ST, showing that NO and NR are jointly needed for SA-induced WS tolerance of pepper plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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The Financial Valuation Risk in Pepper Production: The Use of Decoupled Net Present Value. MATHEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/math9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse peppers are one of the most important crops globally. However, as in any production activity, especially agricultural, they are subject to important risk factors such as price fluctuations, pests, or the use of bad quality water. This article aims to evaluate the viability of these types of crops by using discounted cash flows. Risk evaluation has been carried out through the analysis of pepper plantations for 2016 and 2017. The traditional application of this tool has significant limitations, such as the discount rate to be used or the estimation of future cash flows. However, by using discount functions that decrease over time in combination with decoupled net present value, these limitations are expected to improve. The use of decoupled net present value has permitted an increase in the accuracy and quantification of risks, isolating the main risks such as price drops (EUR 3720 ha−1 year−1) and structural risks (EUR 1622 € ha−1 year−1). The use of decreasing discount functions has permitted a more realistic investment estimation. Finally, the sensitivity analysis shows that decoupled net present value (DNPV) is little affected by changes in interest rates in contrast to traditional net present value (NPV).
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11
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Spangenberg JE, Schweizer M, Zufferey V. Shifts in carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition and epicuticular lipids in leaves reflect early water-stress in vineyards. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:140343. [PMID: 32758968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Changes in leaf carbon and nitrogen isotope composition (δ13C and δ15N values) and the accumulation of epicuticular lipids have been associated with plant responses to water stress. We investigated their potential use as indicators of early plant water deficit in two grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars, Chasselas and Pinot noir, that were field-grown under well-watered and water-deficient conditions. We tested the hypothesis that the bulk δ13C and δ15N values and the concentrations of epicuticular fatty acids may change in leaves of similar age with the soil water availability. For this purpose, leaves were sampled at the same position in the canopy at different times (phenological stages) during the 2014 growing season. Bulk dry matter of young leaves from flowering to veraison had higher δ13C values, higher total nitrogen content, and lower δ15N values than old leaves. In both cultivars, δ15N values were strongly correlated with plant water deficiency, demonstrating their integration of the plant water stress response. δ13C values recorded the water deficiency only in those plants that had not received foliar organic fertilization. The soil water deficiency triggered the accumulation of C>26 fatty acids in the cuticular waxes. The compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of fatty acids from old leaves showed an increase in δ13C among the C16-C22 chains, including stress signaling linoleic and linolenic acids. Our results provide evidence for leaf 13C-enrichment, 15N-depletion, and enhanced FA-chain elongation and epicuticular accumulation in the grapevine response to water stress. The leaf δ13C and δ15N values, and the concentration of epicuticular fatty acids can be used as reliable and sensitive indicators of plant water deficit even when the level of water stress is low to moderate. They could also be used, particularly the more cost-efficient δ13C and δ15N measurements, for periodic biogeochemical mapping of the plant water availability at the vineyard and regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Spangenberg
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics (IDYST), University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Marc Schweizer
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics (IDYST), University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vivian Zufferey
- Institute of Plant Production Sciences (IPV), Agroscope, CH-1009 Pully, Switzerland
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Guo T, Tian C, Chen C, Duan Z, Zhu Q, Sun LZ. Growth and carbohydrate dynamic of perennial ryegrass seedlings during PEG-simulated drought and subsequent recovery. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:85-93. [PMID: 32535324 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing occurrence of drought events, drought recovery has become equally important as drought resistance for long-term growth and survival of plants. However, information regarding the mechanism that controls growth recovery of herbaceous perennials is not available. In this study, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was rewatered after eight-day exposure to three drought intensities simulated by polyethylene glycol-6000. The growth, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC, i.e. sucrose, glucose, fructose and starch), shoot δ13C, and activities of enzymes for sucrose conversion were monitored for 24 days after rewatering, allowing investigation of the dynamic of NSCs and its relation with growth in the recovery phase. In response to drought, growth and NSC content decreased mainly in shoot rather than root, and the total dry matter was negatively correlated to shoot δ13C. After rewatering, the growth of drought-treated groups still lagged behind that of control (CK) group for more than 16 days, but it was no longer correlated to shoot δ13C, suggesting that the limited growth is caused by non-stomatal factors related to photosynthesis. On day 24 after rewatering, the final growth of drought-treated groups caught up or even exceeded that of CK group, and was accompanied by higher dry weight root to shoot ratio (R/S) and root NSC content, which may facilitate water and nutrient acquisition and emergency of new tillers, respectively. During drought and subsequent recovery, the variation of R/S and root NSC content mainly attributed to root acid invertase rather than leaf sucrose phosphate synthase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtian Guo
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chen Tian
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhaoyang Duan
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Luan Zi Sun
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Kaya C, Murillo-Amador B, Ashraf M. Involvement of L-Cysteine Desulfhydrase and Hydrogen Sulfide in Glutathione-Induced Tolerance to Salinity by Accelerating Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle and Glyoxalase System in Capsicum. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070603. [PMID: 32664227 PMCID: PMC7402142 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the role of l-cysteine desulfhydrase (l-DES) and endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in glutathione (GSH)-induced tolerance to salinity stress (SS) in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Two weeks after germination, before initiating SS, half of the pepper seedlings were retained for 12 h in a liquid solution containing H2S scavenger, hypotaurine (HT), or the l-DES inhibitor dl-propargylglycine (PAG). The seedlings were then exposed for three weeks to control or SS (100 mmol L−1 NaCl) and supplemented with or without GSH or GSH+NaHS (sodium hydrosulfide, H2S donor). Salinity suppressed dry biomass, leaf water potential, chlorophyll contents, maximum quantum efficiency, ascorbate, and the activities of dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glyoxalase II in plants. Contrarily, it enhanced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, methylglyoxal, electrolyte leakage, proline, GSH, the activities of glutathione reductase, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glyoxalase I, and l-DES, as well as endogenous H2S content. Salinity enhanced leaf Na+ but reduced K+; however, the reverse was true with GSH application. Overall, the treatments, GSH and GSH+NaHS, effectively reversed the oxidative stress and upregulated salt tolerance in pepper plants by controlling the activities of the AsA-GSH and glyoxalase-system-related enzymes as well as the levels of osmolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa 6300, Turkey
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (B.M.-A.)
| | - Bernardo Murillo-Amador
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 195, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Baja California Sur, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (B.M.-A.)
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
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Estévez-Geffriaud V, Vicente R, Vergara-Díaz O, Narváez Reinaldo JJ, Trillas MI. Application of Trichoderma asperellum T34 on maize (Zea mays) seeds protects against drought stress. PLANTA 2020; 252:8. [PMID: 32594356 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Coating maize seeds with the microbial plant protection product Trichoderma asperellum strain T34 is an effective form of inoculation that enhances plant performance when faced with drought stress, and it improves nutrient and kernel parameters differently in drought and non-stressed conditions. Drought is currently one of the biggest threats to maize production. Trichoderma spp. is mainly used in agriculture as plant protection product with secondary beneficial effects on plants: improved growth, nutrient uptake and plant immunity. Here, we studied the physiological performance of maize plants under two different water regimes (fully irrigated and drought conditions) and three different seed treatments: application of Trichoderma asperellum strain T34, application of a chemical fungicide (CELEST XL) or the combination of both. Regardless of water regime, T34 treatment improved kernel P and C, kernel number and dry weight. Higher populations of T34 on the rhizosphere (T34 treatment) alleviated water stress better than lower T34 populations (T34+Q treatment). Under drought, T34 treatment improved leaf relative water content, water use efficiency, PSII maximum efficiency and photosynthesis. T34-treated maize seeds maintained sufficient T34 populations to alleviate drought throughout crop development suggesting an optimal dose of 104 and 105 colony forming units g-1 dry weight of rhizosphere under the studied conditions. This work helps to demonstrate the beneficial interaction between T. asperellum strain T34 and maize plants under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Estévez-Geffriaud
- Department of Ecology, Environmental Sciences and Evolutionary Biology (BEECA), Unit of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Seed Technology Department, FITO SEEDS (Semillas Fitó S.A.U.), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Department of Ecology, Environmental Sciences and Evolutionary Biology (BEECA), Unit of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Omar Vergara-Díaz
- Department of Ecology, Environmental Sciences and Evolutionary Biology (BEECA), Unit of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - María Isabel Trillas
- Department of Ecology, Environmental Sciences and Evolutionary Biology (BEECA), Unit of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Kaya C, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. The role of endogenous nitric oxide in salicylic acid-induced up-regulation of ascorbate-glutathione cycle involved in salinity tolerance of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 147:10-20. [PMID: 31837556 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An experimentation was carried out to appraise whether or not nitric oxide (NO) contributes to salicylic acid (SA)-induced salinity tolerance particularly by regulating ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle. Before starting salinity stress (SS), SA (0.5 mM) was sprayed to the foliage of plants once every other day for a week and then seedlings were grown under control or SS (100 mM NaCl), for five weeks. Salinity stress enhanced the AsA-GSH cycle-related enzymes, glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR). Furthermore, SS caused substantial decreases in plant physiological-related traits such as leaf potassium (K) contents, K+/Na+ ratio, the ratios of reduced ascorbate/dehydroascorbic acid (AsA/DHA) and reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), but in contrast, significant increases occurred in leaf hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, electron leakage, proline, the premier antioxidant enzymes' activities, Na+ and NO. SA reduced leaf Na+ content and oxidative stress-related traits, but improved all earlier-mentioned traits compared with those in plants treated with SS alone. All positive effects of SA were eliminated by NO scavenger, 0.1 mM 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1- oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO) by reducing NO, suggesting that NO produced by SA up-regulated the activities of AsA-GSH cycle and antioxidant enzymes, so it could play a central function as a signal molecule in salt tolerance of pepper plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | | | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Arrizabalaga-Arriazu M, Gomès E, Morales F, Irigoyen JJ, Pascual I, Hilbert G. High Temperature and Elevated Carbon Dioxide Modify Berry Composition of Different Clones of Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Tempranillo. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:603687. [PMID: 33335536 PMCID: PMC7736076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.603687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tempranillo is a grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) variety extensively used for world wine production which is expected to be affected by environmental parameters modified by ongoing global climate changes, i.e., increases in average air temperature and rise of atmospheric CO2 levels. Apart from determining their effects on grape development and biochemical characteristics, this paper considers the intravarietal diversity of the cultivar Tempranillo as a tool to develop future adaptive strategies to face the impact of climate change on grapevine. Fruit-bearing cuttings of five clones (RJ43, CL306, T3, VN31, and 1084) were grown in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGGs), from fruit set to maturity, under two temperature regimes (ambient temperature vs. ambient temperature plus 4°C) and two CO2 levels (ambient, ca. 400 ppm, vs. elevated, 700 ppm). Treatments were applied separately or in combination. The analyses carried out included berry phenological development, the evolution in the concentration of must compounds (organic acids, sugars, and amino acids), and total skin anthocyanins. Elevated temperature hastened berry ripening, sugar accumulation, and malic acid breakdown, especially when combined with high CO2. Climate change conditions reduced the amino acid content 2 weeks after mid-veraison and seemed to delay amino acidic maturity. Elevated CO2 reduced the decoupling effect of temperature on the anthocyanin to sugar ratio. The impact of these factors, taken individually or combined, was dependent on the clone analyzed, thus indicating certain intravarietal variability in the response of Tempranillo to these climate change-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Arrizabalaga-Arriazu
- Universidad de Navarra, Faculty of Sciences, Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated Unit to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, and ICVV, Logroño), Pamplona, Spain
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Eric Gomès
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Fermín Morales
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan José Irigoyen
- Universidad de Navarra, Faculty of Sciences, Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated Unit to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, and ICVV, Logroño), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Pascual
- Universidad de Navarra, Faculty of Sciences, Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated Unit to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, and ICVV, Logroño), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ghislaine Hilbert
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- *Correspondence: Ghislaine Hilbert,
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Sun LZ, Liu L, Zhang M, Yang L, Guo T. Shoot δ 13 C values as an indicator of cumulative stress: The role of re-watering during drought and salinity stress. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1006-1014. [PMID: 30866065 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The carbon stable isotope composition (δ13 C value) of a plant can reflect prolonged drought and salinity, as different isotopic signals resulting from drought and salinity can be retained in plant tissue. Commonly, drought and salinity are interrupted by intermittent precipitation or irrigation. It remains unclear whether the δ13 C values reflect the cumulative duration of intermittent drought or salinity stress. METHODS Drought (5% and 10% polyethylene glycol) and salinity (35 mM and 85 mM NaCl) were imposed on annual ryegrass consistently or cyclically; throughout the treatments, the stress duration for cyclic drought/salinity was half that of the corresponding prolonged stress treatment. The shoot δ13 C values were measured using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. RESULTS Prolonged drought restrained growth and increased shoot δ13 C values relative to the control group. However, the shoot biomass was even lower under cyclic drought than under prolonged drought. Furthermore, the shoot δ13 C value under cyclic drought was close to that of the control group. The low NaCl concentration treatment actually enhanced shoot growth. The shoot δ13 C value varied with both duration and intensity of salinity across all groups. CONCLUSIONS The shoot δ13 C value in annual ryegrass did indicate cumulative stress from cyclic low salinity, but not that from cyclic drought, in a manner that was mediated by the effect of re-watering on the mass and allocation of the photosynthates produced during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Zi Sun
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Liang Yang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tongtian Guo
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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18
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Erice G, Sanz-Sáez Á, González-Torralba J, Méndez-Espinoza AM, Urretavizcaya I, Nieto MT, Serret MD, Araus JL, Irigoyen JJ, Aranjuelo I. Impact of elevated CO2 and drought on yield and quality traits of a historical (Blanqueta) and a modern (Sula) durum wheat. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Krauß S, Vetter W. Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios of Red Bell Pepper Samples from Germany, The Netherlands, and Spain. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4054-4063. [PMID: 30895777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bell pepper is one of the most cultivated crops in the world. By means of δ13C and δ15N values (‰), red bell peppers from Germany, The Netherlands, and Spain could be distinguished from each other. German fruits cultivated under greenhouse conditions were extremely depleted in 13C with δ13C values for fatty acids of partly less than -50‰. The strong depletion in 13C was in accordance with the use of biomethane-derived CO2 as growth regulator in the greenhouses. Seasonal variations in the δ13C values (‰) of German samples were tentatively assigned to varying CO2 enrichment during the annual production cycle. δ13C values (‰) of Dutch samples also correlated with greenhouse production, whereas Spanish samples most likely originated from open field cultivation. Additionally, the use of color measurement as a tool for presorting the samples was investigated in order to slim the scattering ranges of δ13C and δ15N values (‰) for clearer differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Krauß
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b) , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 28 , D-70599 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b) , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 28 , D-70599 Stuttgart , Germany
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20
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Piñero MC, Porras ME, López-Marín J, Sánchez-Guerrero MC, Medrano E, Lorenzo P, del Amor FM. Differential Nitrogen Nutrition Modifies Polyamines and the Amino-Acid Profile of Sweet Pepper Under Salinity Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:301. [PMID: 31001289 PMCID: PMC6454138 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The horticultural industry demands high-quality resources to achieve excellence in yield and optimal revenues. Nitrogen is a pivotal nutrient to accomplish these goals for plant growth and product quality. However, competition for water in semi-arid regions can force the use of brackish waters, which can impair N uptake. The lower N uptake can be due to several reasons, such as an antagonism between ions, an absence of ATP, and/or alteration of N metabolism. The effect of supplying N asNO 3 - alone or in combination withNH 4 + , coupled with low or high salinity (8 or 20 mM NaCl), has been studied in sweet pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Melchor). The application ofNH 4 + at high salinity affected chromatic parameters (a∗, b∗, and C∗), while chlorophyll a and b levels declined and β-carotene increased. The concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, and Cu were reduced in the fruits of plants irrigated withNH 4 + . The concentration of Na was only reduced whenNH 4 + was supplied. Likewise, the concentration of total phenolics was also reduced at high salinity. However, total protein was unaffected. The amino acid profile was altered by the supply ofNH 4 + , which reduced the concentrations of histidine and phenylalanine. Moreover, the concentrations of putrescine and cadaverine were increased byNH 4 + at high salinity, whereas that of cadaverine was reduced byNH 4 + at low salinity. The observed changes in fruit quality triggered by salinity, under the conditions of this study, should be borne in mind for this crop with regard to the envisaged palliative effect of the supply of N-NH 4 + .
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Piñero
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Tecnology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel E. Porras
- Agricultural Research and Development Centre of Almería (IFAPA), Almería, Spain
| | - Josefa López-Marín
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Tecnology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Evangelina Medrano
- Agricultural Research and Development Centre of Almería (IFAPA), Almería, Spain
| | - Pilar Lorenzo
- Agricultural Research and Development Centre of Almería (IFAPA), Almería, Spain
| | - Francisco M. del Amor
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Tecnology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development, Murcia, Spain
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Gouveia CSS, Ganança JFT, Slaski J, Lebot V, Pinheiro de Carvalho MÂA. Stable isotope natural abundances (δ 13C and δ 15N) and carbon-water relations as drought stress mechanism response of taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 232:100-106. [PMID: 30537596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) is an important staple food crop in tropical and developing countries, having high water requirements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N) as a physiological indicator of taro response to drought, and elucidation of the relationship between the water use efficiency (WUE) under drought conditions and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C). As an alternative to WUE determination, obtained by measuring plant growth and water loss during an entire vegetative cycle, we have used Δ13C to determine the tolerance of C3 taro plants to drought. Seven taro accessions from Madeira, Canary Islands and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (Fiji) collections were grown under greenhouse conditions and subjected to different watering regimes during a one-year cycle. Total plant biomass (TPB), WUE and δ15N were determined at the whole-plant level (WP). Corms and shoots were evaluated separately for nitrogen content (N), δ13C, Δ13C and δ15N. WUE showed positive correlation with TPB (r = 0.4) and negative with Δ13C (r = -0.3); Corm δ15N showed positive correlations with WP δ15N (r = 0.6) and corm N (r = 0.3). Accordingly, the taro plants with enhanced WUE exhibited low Δ13C and δ15N values as a physiological response to drought stress. The approach used in the present study has developed new tools that could be used in further research on taro response to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S S Gouveia
- ISOPlexis Genebank, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal.
| | - José F T Ganança
- ISOPlexis Genebank, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Jan Slaski
- ISOPlexis Genebank, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal; Ecosystems and Plant Sciences, InnoTech Alberta, PO Bag 4000, Hwy 16A & 75 Street, Vegreville, Alberta, Canada
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