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Laurençon M, Legrix J, Wagner MH, Demilly D, Baron C, Rolland S, Ducournau S, Laperche A, Nesi N. Genomic and phenomic predictions help capture low-effect alleles promoting seed germination in oilseed rape in addition to QTL analyses. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:156. [PMID: 38858297 PMCID: PMC11164772 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Phenomic prediction implemented on a large diversity set can efficiently predict seed germination, capture low-effect favorable alleles that are not revealed by GWAS and identify promising genetic resources. Oilseed rape faces many challenges, especially at the beginning of its developmental cycle. Achieving rapid and uniform seed germination could help to ensure a successful establishment and therefore enabling the crop to compete with weeds and tolerate stresses during the earliest developmental stages. The polygenic nature of seed germination was highlighted in several studies, and more knowledge is needed about low- to moderate-effect underlying loci in order to enhance seed germination effectively by improving the genetic background and incorporating favorable alleles. A total of 17 QTL were detected for seed germination-related traits, for which the favorable alleles often corresponded to the most frequent alleles in the panel. Genomic and phenomic predictions methods provided moderate-to-high predictive abilities, demonstrating the ability to capture small additive and non-additive effects for seed germination. This study also showed that phenomic prediction estimated phenotypic values closer to phenotypic values than GEBV. Finally, as the predictive ability of phenomic prediction was less influenced by the genetic structure of the panel, it is worth using this prediction method to characterize genetic resources, particularly with a view to design prebreeding populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Laurençon
- Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), INRAE - Institut Agro Rennes-Angers - Université de Rennes, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Julie Legrix
- Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), INRAE - Institut Agro Rennes-Angers - Université de Rennes, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Wagner
- Groupe d'Etude et de Contrôle des Variétés Et des Semences (GEVES), 49070, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Didier Demilly
- Groupe d'Etude et de Contrôle des Variétés Et des Semences (GEVES), 49070, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Cécile Baron
- Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), INRAE - Institut Agro Rennes-Angers - Université de Rennes, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Sophie Rolland
- Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), INRAE - Institut Agro Rennes-Angers - Université de Rennes, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Sylvie Ducournau
- Groupe d'Etude et de Contrôle des Variétés Et des Semences (GEVES), 49070, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Anne Laperche
- Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), INRAE - Institut Agro Rennes-Angers - Université de Rennes, 35650, Le Rheu, France.
| | - Nathalie Nesi
- Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), INRAE - Institut Agro Rennes-Angers - Université de Rennes, 35650, Le Rheu, France
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Gritsenko D, Daurova A, Pozharskiy A, Nizamdinova G, Khusnitdinova M, Sapakhova Z, Daurov D, Zhapar K, Shamekova M, Kalendar R, Zhambakin K. Investigation of mutation load and rate in androgenic mutant lines of rapeseed in early generations evaluated by high-density SNP genotyping. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14065. [PMID: 36923873 PMCID: PMC10008989 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is an important oil crop distributed worldwide with a broad adaptation to different climate zones. The cultivation of rapeseed is one of the most commercially viable areas in crop production. Altogether 269,093 ha of rapeseed are cultivated in Kazakhstan. However, all rapeseed cultivars and lines cultivated in Kazakhstan on an industrial scale predominantly belong to the foreign breeding system. Therefore, the formation of a diverse genetic pool for breeding new, highly productive cultivars adopted to the environmental conditions of Kazakhstan is the most important goal in country selection programs. In this work, we have developed ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) doubled haploid mutant lines from plant material of cultivars 'Galant' and 'Kris' to broad diversity of rapeseed in Kazakhstan. The development of mutant lines was performed via embryo callusogenesis or embryo secondary callusogenesis. Mutants were investigated by Brassica90k SNP array, and we were able to locate 24,657 SNPs from 26,256 SNPs filtered by quality control on the genome assembly (Bra_napus_v2.0). Only 18,831 SNPs were assigned to the available annotated genomic features. The most frequent combination of mutations according to reference controls was adenine with guanine (70%), followed by adenine with cytosine (28.8%), and only minor fractions were cytosine with guanine (0.54%) and adenine with thymine (0.59%). We revealed 5606.27 markers for 'Kris' and 4893.01 markers for 'Galant' by mutation occurrence. Most mutation occurrences were occupied by double mutations where progenitors and offspring were homozygous by different alleles, enabling the selection of appropriate genotypes in a short period of time. Regarding the biological impact of mutations, 861 variants were reported as having a low predicted impact, with 1042 as moderate and 121 as high; all others were reported as belonging to non-coding sequences, intergenic regions, and other features with the effect of modifiers. Protein encoding genes, such as wall-associated receptor kinase-like protein 5, TAO1-like disease resistance protein, receptor-like protein 12, and At5g42460-like F-box protein, contained more than two variable positions, with an impact on their biological activities. Nevertheless, the obtained mutant lines were able to survive and reproduce. Mutant lines, which include moderate and high impact mutations in encoding genes, are a perfect pool not only for MAS but also for the investigation of the fundamental basis of protein functions. For the first time, a collection of mutant lines was developed in our country to improve the selection of local rapeseed cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilyara Gritsenko
- Dept. of Molecular Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainash Daurova
- Dept. of Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandr Pozharskiy
- Dept. of Molecular Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnaz Nizamdinova
- Dept. of Molecular Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Marina Khusnitdinova
- Dept. of Molecular Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Zagipa Sapakhova
- Dept. of Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Dias Daurov
- Dept. of Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Kuanysh Zhapar
- Dept. of Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Malika Shamekova
- Dept. of Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Ruslan Kalendar
- Dept. of Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Kabyl Zhambakin
- Dept. of Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
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3
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Breeding Canola ( Brassica napus L.) for Protein in Feed and Food. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102220. [PMID: 34686029 PMCID: PMC8539702 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Interest in canola (Brassica napus L.). In response to this interest, scientists have been tasked with altering and optimizing the protein production chain to ensure canola proteins are safe for consumption and economical to produce. Specifically, the role of plant breeders in developing suitable varieties with the necessary protein profiles is crucial to this interdisciplinary endeavour. In this article, we aim to provide an overarching review of the canola protein chain from the perspective of a plant breeder, spanning from the genetic regulation of seed storage proteins in the crop to advancements of novel breeding technologies and their application in improving protein quality in canola. A review on the current uses of canola meal in animal husbandry is presented to underscore potential limitations for the consumption of canola meal in mammals. General discussions on the allergenic potential of canola proteins and the regulation of novel food products are provided to highlight some of the challenges that will be encountered on the road to commercialization and general acceptance of canola protein as a dietary protein source.
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4
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Russo M, Yan F, Stier A, Klasen L, Honermeier B. Erucic acid concentration of rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) oils on the German food retail market. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3664-3672. [PMID: 34262725 PMCID: PMC8269665 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed oil is one of the most important vegetable oils in Germany. It has a favorable fatty acid composition but also contains a certain amount of erucic acid (EA). As the result of toxicological considerations regarding this fatty acid, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for EA of 7 mg/kg body weight in 2016. On this basis, the maximum EA levels for vegetable oils allowed in the European Union have been reduced shortly from 50 to 20 g/kg, and for infant formula and follow-on formula from 10 to 4 g/kg. However, rapeseed oil is also recommended for the preparation of homemade food for infants and children. Little is known about the actual EA concentrations of rapeseed oils on the German retail market. Current data are especially important for the necessary reassessment of its recommendation in infant and child nutrition based on the established TDI. Three hundred representative rapeseed oil samples were purchased in retail stores across Germany. EA concentrations, determined by GC-FID, were in a range of 0.17-9.68 g/kg, with 241 samples being even below 4 g/kg. All oils were below the maximum level valid at the time of this investigation, and even below the newly established lower maximum level of 20 g/kg. The major part also met the requirements for infant and follow-on formula. The representative results provide valuable current data for the necessary reassessment of the dietary recommendations for infant and child nutrition based on the established TDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Russo
- Institute of Agronomy & Plant Breeding IJustus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Agronomy & Plant Breeding IJustus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Annegret Stier
- Institute of Agronomy & Plant Breeding IJustus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Linda Klasen
- Nutritional EpidemiologyDepartment of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Bernd Honermeier
- Institute of Agronomy & Plant Breeding IJustus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
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Merieux N, Cordier P, Wagner MH, Ducournau S, Aligon S, Job D, Grappin P, Grappin E. ScreenSeed as a novel high throughput seed germination phenotyping method. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1404. [PMID: 33446694 PMCID: PMC7809209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A high throughput phenotyping tool for seed germination, the ScreenSeed technology, was developed with the aim of screening genotype responsiveness and chemical drugs. This technology was presently used with Arabidopsis thaliana seeds to allow characterizing seed samples germination behavior by incubating seeds in 96-well microplates under defined conditions and detecting radicle protrusion through the seed coat by automated image analysis. This study shows that this technology provides a fast procedure allowing to handle thousands of seeds without compromising repeatability or accuracy of the germination measurements. Potential biases of the experimental protocol were assessed through statistical analyses of germination kinetics. Comparison of the ScreenSeed procedure with commonly used germination tests based upon visual scoring displayed very similar germination kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Cordier
- EffiSciency, ScreenSeed, Issy-les-Moulineaux, 97132, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Wagner
- Groupe d'Étude et de Contrôle des Variétés et des Semences (GEVES, Dept Seed Testing, Station Nationale d'Essais de Semences (SNES), 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sylvie Ducournau
- Groupe d'Étude et de Contrôle des Variétés et des Semences (GEVES, Dept Seed Testing, Station Nationale d'Essais de Semences (SNES), 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sophie Aligon
- Institut de recherche en horticulture et semences (IRHS), UMR 1345 INRAE - Institut Agro - Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSav, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Dominique Job
- Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie, UMR 5240 CNRS - INSA - Université Claude Bernard Lyon1 - Bayer CropScience, 69009, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Grappin
- Institut de recherche en horticulture et semences (IRHS), UMR 1345 INRAE - Institut Agro - Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSav, 49071, Beaucouzé, France.
| | - Edwin Grappin
- EffiSciency, ScreenSeed, Issy-les-Moulineaux, 97132, France.
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Pröbsting M, Schenke D, Hossain R, Häder C, Thurau T, Wighardt L, Schuster A, Zhou Z, Ye W, Rietz S, Leckband G, Cai D. Loss of function of CRT1a (calreticulin) reduces plant susceptibility to Verticillium longisporum in both Arabidopsis thaliana and oilseed rape (Brassica napus). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2328-2344. [PMID: 32358986 PMCID: PMC7589372 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Brassica napus is highly susceptible towards Verticillium longisporum (Vl43) with no effective genetic resistance. It is believed that the fungus reprogrammes plant physiological processes by up-regulation of so-called susceptibility factors to establish a compatible interaction. By transcriptome analysis, we identified genes, which were activated/up-regulated in rapeseed after Vl43 infection. To test whether one of these genes is functionally involved in the infection process and loss of function would lead to decreased susceptibility, we firstly challenged KO lines of corresponding Arabidopsis orthologs with Vl43 and compared them with wild-type plants. Here, we report that the KO of AtCRT1a results in drastically reduced susceptibility of plants to Vl43. To prove crt1a mutation also decreases susceptibility in B. napus, we identified 10 mutations in a TILLING population. Three T3 mutants displayed increased resistance as compared to the wild type. To validate the results, we generated CRISPR/Cas-induced BnCRT1a mutants, challenged T2 plants with Vl43 and observed an overall reduced susceptibility in 3 out of 4 independent lines. Genotyping by allele-specific sequencing suggests a major effect of mutations in the CRT1a A-genome copy, while the C-genome copy appears to have no significant impact on plant susceptibility when challenged with Vl43. As revealed by transcript analysis, the loss of function of CRT1a results in activation of the ethylene signalling pathway, which may contribute to reduced susceptibility. Furthermore, this study demonstrates a novel strategy with great potential to improve plant disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pröbsting
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyInstitute of PhytopathologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielKielGermany
| | - Dirk Schenke
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyInstitute of PhytopathologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielKielGermany
| | | | - Claudia Häder
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyInstitute of PhytopathologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielKielGermany
| | - Tim Thurau
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyInstitute of PhytopathologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielKielGermany
| | - Lisa Wighardt
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyInstitute of PhytopathologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielKielGermany
| | - Andrea Schuster
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyInstitute of PhytopathologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielKielGermany
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyInstitute of PhytopathologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielKielGermany
| | - Wanzhi Ye
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyInstitute of PhytopathologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielKielGermany
| | | | | | - Daguang Cai
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyInstitute of PhytopathologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielKielGermany
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7
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Colmer J, O'Neill CM, Wells R, Bostrom A, Reynolds D, Websdale D, Shiralagi G, Lu W, Lou Q, Le Cornu T, Ball J, Renema J, Flores Andaluz G, Benjamins R, Penfield S, Zhou J. SeedGerm: a cost-effective phenotyping platform for automated seed imaging and machine-learning based phenotypic analysis of crop seed germination. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:778-793. [PMID: 32533857 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Efficient seed germination and establishment are important traits for field and glasshouse crops. Large-scale germination experiments are laborious and prone to observer errors, leading to the necessity for automated methods. We experimented with five crop species, including tomato, pepper, Brassica, barley, and maize, and concluded an approach for large-scale germination scoring. Here, we present the SeedGerm system, which combines cost-effective hardware and open-source software for seed germination experiments, automated seed imaging, and machine-learning based phenotypic analysis. The software can process multiple image series simultaneously and produce reliable analysis of germination- and establishment-related traits, in both comma-separated values (CSV) and processed images (PNG) formats. In this article, we describe the hardware and software design in detail. We also demonstrate that SeedGerm could match specialists' scoring of radicle emergence. Germination curves were produced based on seed-level germination timing and rates rather than a fitted curve. In particular, by scoring germination across a diverse panel of Brassica napus varieties, SeedGerm implicates a gene important in abscisic acid (ABA) signalling in seeds. We compared SeedGerm with existing methods and concluded that it could have wide utilities in large-scale seed phenotyping and testing, for both research and routine seed technology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Colmer
- Engineering biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Carmel M O'Neill
- Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Rachel Wells
- Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Aaron Bostrom
- Engineering biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Daniel Reynolds
- Engineering biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Danny Websdale
- Engineering biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Gagan Shiralagi
- Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Qiaojun Lou
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Thomas Le Cornu
- Engineering biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Joshua Ball
- Engineering biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Jim Renema
- Syngenta Seeds BV, Enkhuizen, 1601 BK, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Steven Penfield
- Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ji Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Plant Phenomics Research Center, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Cambridge Crop Research, National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
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8
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Zaheer IE, Ali S, Saleem MH, Imran M, Alnusairi GSH, Alharbi BM, Riaz M, Abbas Z, Rizwan M, Soliman MH. Role of iron-lysine on morpho-physiological traits and combating chromium toxicity in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants irrigated with different levels of tannery wastewater. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:70-84. [PMID: 32745932 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is among the most widespread toxic trace elements found in agricultural soils resulting from various anthropogenic activities. However, the role of micronutrient-amino acid chelates in reducing Cr toxicity in crop plants has recently been suggested. The present study was conducted to explore the effect of iron (Fe) chelated with lysine (lys) on plant growth, biomass, gaseous exchange attributes, oxidative stress indicators, antioxidant response, and Cr uptake in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants irrigated with different levels of tannery wastewater in soil collected from District Kasur of Pakistan. B. napus seedlings (thirty-day-old) were shifted to pots irrigated with different levels of tannery wastewater. After two weeks, foliar application of Fe-lys (5 mM) was carried out for four successive weeks, and plants were harvested carefully post ten weeks of cultivation in tannery wastewater, under controlled conditions. Toxic levels of Cr in the soil significantly decreased plant height, fresh biomass of roots and leaves, dry biomass of roots and leaves, root length, number of leaves, leaf area, total chlorophyll contents, carotenoid contents, transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthesis (PN), and water use efficiency (WUE). Toxic Cr levels in the soil also increased oxidative stress in the roots and leaves of B. napus plants, which were overcome by the activities of various antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Moreover, increasing levels of Cr in the soil caused a significant increase in the Cr content of the roots and shoots of B. napus plants. The negative effects of Cr toxicity could be overturned by Fe-lys application, significantly increasing plant growth, biomass, chlorophyll content, and gaseous exchange attributes by reducing oxidative stress (H2O2, MDA, EL) and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, foliar application of Fe-lys reduced the Cr concentration and increased essential micronutrients (Fe contents) in the roots and shoots of B. napus plants. These results shed light on the effectiveness of Fe-lys in improving the growth and up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities of B. napus in response to Cr stress. However, further studies at field levels are required to explore the mechanisms of Fe-lys-mediated reduction of the toxicity of not only Cr, but possibly also other heavy metals in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Elahi Zaheer
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ghalia S H Alnusairi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, 2014, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Basmah M Alharbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zohaib Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Mona H Soliman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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9
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Xu J, Jia W, Hu C, Nie M, Ming J, Cheng Q, Cai M, Sun X, Li X, Zheng X, Wang J, Zhao X. Selenium as a potential fungicide could protect oilseed rape leaves from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113495. [PMID: 31733958 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) is a soil-borne pathogen causing serious damage to the yield of oilseed rape. Selenium (Se) acted as a beneficial element for plants, and also proved to inhibit the growth of plant pathogens. However, whether Se could reduce S. sclerotiorum infection in oilseed rape, the related mechanism is still unclear. In this study, proper Se levels (0.1 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg) applied in soil decreased the lesion diameter and incidence of S. sclerotiorum in rape leaves. Se enfeebled the decrease of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr), and maintained leaf cell structure. Se enhanced the antioxidant system of leaves, as evidenced by the maintenance of mitochondrial function, reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and the improvement of antioxidant enzyme activities including catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD). The upregulated defense gene expressions (CHI, ESD1, NPR1 and PDF1.2) of leaves were also observed under Se treatments. Furthermore, metabolome analysis revealed that Se promoted the metabolism of energy and amino acids in leaves infected with S. sclerotiorum. These findings inferred that Se could act as a potential eco-fungicide to protect oilseed rape leaves from S. sclerotiorum attack. The result arising from this study not only introduces an ecological method to control S. sclerotiorum, but also provides a deep insight into microelement for plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Jia
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Min Nie
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiajia Ming
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qin Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Miaomiao Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinran Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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10
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Knoch D, Abbadi A, Grandke F, Meyer RC, Samans B, Werner CR, Snowdon RJ, Altmann T. Strong temporal dynamics of QTL action on plant growth progression revealed through high-throughput phenotyping in canola. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:68-82. [PMID: 31125482 PMCID: PMC6920335 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge of plant biology is to unravel the genetic basis of complex traits. We took advantage of recent technical advances in high-throughput phenotyping in conjunction with genome-wide association studies to elucidate genotype-phenotype relationships at high temporal resolution. A diverse Brassica napus population from a commercial breeding programme was analysed by automated non-invasive phenotyping. Time-resolved data for early growth-related traits, including estimated biovolume, projected leaf area, early plant height and colour uniformity, were established and complemented by fresh and dry weight biomass. Genome-wide SNP array data provided the framework for genome-wide association analyses. Using time point data and relative growth rates, multiple robust main effect marker-trait associations for biomass and related traits were detected. Candidate genes involved in meristem development, cell wall modification and transcriptional regulation were detected. Our results demonstrate that early plant growth is a highly complex trait governed by several medium and many small effect loci, most of which act only during short phases. These observations highlight the importance of taking the temporal patterns of QTL/allele actions into account and emphasize the need for detailed time-resolved analyses to effectively unravel the complex and stage-specific contributions of genes affecting growth processes that operate at different developmental phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Knoch
- Molecular Genetics/HeterosisLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)SeelandGermany
| | - Amine Abbadi
- Norddeutsche Pflanzenzucht Innovation GmbH (NPZi)HoltseeGermany
| | - Fabian Grandke
- Department of Plant BreedingResearch Centre for BiosystemsLand Use and Nutrition (iFZ)Justus‐Liebig‐University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Rhonda C. Meyer
- Molecular Genetics/HeterosisLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)SeelandGermany
| | - Birgit Samans
- Department of Plant BreedingResearch Centre for BiosystemsLand Use and Nutrition (iFZ)Justus‐Liebig‐University GiessenGiessenGermany
- Present address:
Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM), University of Applied SciencesFachbereich Gesundheit35390GiessenGermany
| | - Christian R. Werner
- Department of Plant BreedingResearch Centre for BiosystemsLand Use and Nutrition (iFZ)Justus‐Liebig‐University GiessenGiessenGermany
- Present address:
The Roslin InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEaster Bush CampusMidlothianEH25 9RGUK
| | - Rod J. Snowdon
- Department of Plant BreedingResearch Centre for BiosystemsLand Use and Nutrition (iFZ)Justus‐Liebig‐University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Thomas Altmann
- Molecular Genetics/HeterosisLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)SeelandGermany
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11
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Louvieaux J, Spanoghe M, Hermans C. Root Morphological Traits of Seedlings Are Predictors of Seed Yield and Quality in Winter Oilseed Rape Hybrid Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:568009. [PMID: 33178235 PMCID: PMC7593254 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.568009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The root system is responsible for soil resources acquisition. Hence, optimizing crop root characteristics has considerable implications for agricultural production. This study evaluated a panel of twenty-eight European modern cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivated in laboratory and field environments. Root morphology was screened using a high-throughput hydroponic growth system with two divergent nitrogen supplies. The panel showed an important diversity for biomass production and root morphological traits. Differences in root and shoot dry biomasses and lateral root length were mainly explained by the genotype, and differences in primary root length by nitrogen nutrition. The cultivars were tested in a pluriannual field trial. The field variation for yield and seed quality traits attributed to the genotype was more important than the year or the genotype × year interaction effects. The total root length measured at the seedling stage could predict the proportion of nitrogen taken up from the field and reallocated to seed organs, a component of the nitrogen use efficiency. The genetic interrelationship between cultivars, established with simple sequence repeat markers, indicated a very narrow genetic base. Positive correlations were found between the genetic distance measures, root morphological traits during nitrogen depletion and yield components. This study illustrates a root phenotyping screen in the laboratory with a proof of concept evaluation in the field. The results could assist future genetic improvements in oilseed rape for desirable root characteristics to reduce nutrient losses in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Louvieaux
- Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Interfacultary School of Bioengineers, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Applied Plant Ecophysiology, Haute Ecole Provinciale de Hainaut Condorcet, Centre pour l’Agronomie et l’Agro-Industrie de la Province de Hainaut, Ath, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Julien Louvieaux,
| | - Martin Spanoghe
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Biology, Haute Ecole Provinciale de Hainaut Condorcet, Mons, Belgium
| | - Christian Hermans
- Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Interfacultary School of Bioengineers, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Rao G, Huang S, Ashraf U, Mo Z, Duan M, Pan S, Tang X. Ultrasonic seed treatment improved cadmium (Cd) tolerance in Brassica napus L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 185:109659. [PMID: 31541946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) affects crop growth and productivity by disrupting normal plant metabolism. To determinate whether ultrasonic (US) seed treatment can alleviate Cd stress in rape (Brassica napus L.), the seeds of two oilseed rape cultivars i.e., 'Youyanzao18' and 'Zaoshu104' were exposed to ultrasonic waves for 1 min at 20 KHz frequency. Seeds without US treatment were taken as control (CK). Results revealed that the germination rate of both cultivars was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in US treatment than CK only at 0 and 10 mg Cd L-1. The shoot and root length of both cultivars were significantly higher in US treatment than CK at all Cd treatments except the root length of Youyanzao18 at 50 mg Cd L-1. The fresh weight Youyanzao18 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in US than CK except for Youyanzao18 at 25 mg Cd L-1. Moreover, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities and the proline, glutathione (GSH), and soluble protein contents in Youyanzao18 were relatively higher in the US treatment than CK. The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were prominently reduced in US treatment than CK. The pods per plant, seeds per pod and rapeseed yield were increased by 15.9, 11.4, and 16.4% in Youyanzao18 and 10.3, 9.5, and 11.5% in Zaoshu104, respectively in US treatment, compared to CK. Moreover, the contents of Cd in root, stem, leaf, rape pod shell, and rapeseeds were comparatively less in US treatment than CK whereas the Cd concentrations in different plant parts of both rape cultivars were recorded as: leaf ˃ root ˃ stem ˃ rape pod shell ˃ rapeseed. In sum, the US treatment improved the morphological growth and rapeseed yield whereas reduced the Cd accumulation in different plant parts of rapeseed under Cd contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangshun Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Suihua Huang
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Umair Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Meiyang Duan
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shenggang Pan
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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13
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Boter M, Calleja-Cabrera J, Carrera-Castaño G, Wagner G, Hatzig SV, Snowdon RJ, Legoahec L, Bianchetti G, Bouchereau A, Nesi N, Pernas M, Oñate-Sánchez L. An Integrative Approach to Analyze Seed Germination in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1342. [PMID: 31708951 PMCID: PMC6824160 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a complex trait determined by the interaction of hormonal, metabolic, genetic, and environmental components. Variability of this trait in crops has a big impact on seedling establishment and yield in the field. Classical studies of this trait in crops have focused mainly on the analyses of one level of regulation in the cascade of events leading to seed germination. We have carried out an integrative and extensive approach to deepen our understanding of seed germination in Brassica napus by generating transcriptomic, metabolic, and hormonal data at different stages upon seed imbibition. Deep phenotyping of different seed germination-associated traits in six winter-type B. napus accessions has revealed that seed germination kinetics, in particular seed germination speed, are major contributors to the variability of this trait. Metabolic profiling of these accessions has allowed us to describe a common pattern of metabolic change and to identify the levels of malate and aspartate metabolites as putative metabolic markers to estimate germination performance. Additionally, analysis of seed content of different hormones suggests that hormonal balance between ABA, GA, and IAA at crucial time points during this process might underlie seed germination differences in these accessions. In this study, we have also defined the major transcriptome changes accompanying the germination process in B. napus. Furthermore, we have observed that earlier activation of key germination regulatory genes seems to generate the differences in germination speed observed between accessions in B. napus. Finally, we have found that protein-protein interactions between some of these key regulator are conserved in B. napus, suggesting a shared regulatory network with other plant species. Altogether, our results provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of seed germination dynamics in oilseed rape. This new framework will be extremely valuable not only to evaluate germination performance of B. napus accessions but also to identify key targets for crop improvement in this important process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Boter
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid –Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Calleja-Cabrera
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid –Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Carrera-Castaño
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid –Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria), Madrid, Spain
| | - Geoffrey Wagner
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah Vanessa Hatzig
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rod J. Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Laurie Legoahec
- Joint Laboratory for Genetics, Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), Le Rheu, France
| | - Grégoire Bianchetti
- Joint Laboratory for Genetics, Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), Le Rheu, France
| | - Alain Bouchereau
- Joint Laboratory for Genetics, Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), Le Rheu, France
| | - Nathalie Nesi
- Joint Laboratory for Genetics, Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), Le Rheu, France
| | - Mónica Pernas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid –Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Oñate-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid –Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria), Madrid, Spain
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